What does fluid formation in the ovary mean. What is dangerous liquid formation in the ovary. Classification of ovarian cystic formations

Liquid formation of the right ovary occurs more often than the left.

Causes of fluid formations of the appendages

Most often, fluid in the ovary is found in women after 40 years, but it can appear at any age. Most scientists believe that pathology occurs due to hormonal imbalance. Moreover, a cyst in the small pelvis can form both as a result of a natural restructuring of the body, and against the background of taking hormonal drugs.

A liquid formation of the left ovary may appear as a result of a violation of ovulation, when a vesicle filled with liquid does not burst, its contents do not enter the abdominal cavity, but remain in the follicle, resulting in the formation of a follicular ovarian cyst. Such a pathology, as a rule, passes by itself. In most cases, it is experienced by women of childbearing age. The follicular cyst is benign, increases in size due to stretching of the walls (due to the accumulation of internal contents) and is most often accidentally detected during ultrasound.

Liquid formations in the appendages may appear against the background of a long-term inflammatory process caused by hypothermia. If a woman suffers from weak immunity, then the pathology, as a rule, proceeds with complications. A cyst in the pelvis is often formed due to endometriosis.

Education in the ovary in women may appear against the background of congestion in the pelvic area due to improper functioning of the kidneys. The starting factors for the development of pathology, in the presence of a tendency to it, often become: nervous shocks, unbalanced nutrition, violation of the regime of work and rest, etc.

Types of liquid foreign matter in the ovaries

When they say that there are liquid formations in the appendages, then we are talking about cysts, which may not manifest themselves for a long time. There are the following types:

A dermoid ovarian cyst often develops in the fetus during the mother's pregnancy. This extraneous inclusion is filled with fluid and the rudiments of the skin, hair and other tissues of the child. Sometimes it appears during life.
Follicular formation is formed against the background of a hormonal failure, in which ovulation is not complete, and the follicle is filled with fluid, gradually increasing in size.
Mucinous - filled with mucous contents. Its danger lies in the possibility of malignant degeneration. In most cases, such an extraneous inclusion is formed during menopause.
A paraovarian cyst is a thin-walled neoplasm, which is inactive and most often does not manifest itself in any way, having a small size.
A luteal neoplasm occurs immediately after ovulation due to a violation of circulatory processes in the tissues of the appendage. The factors provoking its development are a strict diet and significant physical activity.
An endometrioid fluid neoplasm is formed due to the introduction of endometrial cells into the epididymal tissue, and sometimes leads to the development of infertility. Among other liquid formations of the ovaries, it is quite common.
Numerous ovarian cysts that are caused by PCOS. Hormonal abnormalities lead to violations of the reproductive function and the appearance of these fluid-filled formations in the appendages.
Serous cystadenoma with watery transparent contents of light yellow color. It rarely transforms into a cancerous tumor and is quite common.

Signs of a liquid neoplasm

Remember! Only a doctor can tell what is a liquid formation of the right or left ovary and how to treat it. However, in a timely manner to undergo an ultrasound, which allows to detect an appendage cyst, is within the power of each patient. Unfortunately, small foreign inclusions in the small pelvis do not manifest themselves in any way, so it is difficult to suspect them.

As the pathology develops, a woman, as a rule, has the following symptoms:

bleeding from the genital tract outside of menstruation;
soreness in the abdomen;
vomiting and/or nausea;
anovulation;
feeling of bloating;
pain during intimacy;
cycle disorders;
problems with bowel movements;
increased urge to urinate;
pain in the thigh or lower back.

These manifestations do not always indicate the presence of a liquid formation and quite often act as manifestations of other gynecological pathologies, for example, uterine fibroids.

Diagnosis of pathology

A fluid inclusion in the right or left ovary is often detected during ultrasound. To identify the cause of the pathology, a blood test for hormones is performed. This allows you to prescribe effective drug therapy. Most often, patients suffering from adnexal cysts have cycle disorders.

If the doctor believes that the formation can spontaneously resolve within a few months, then he recommends that the woman do an ultrasound in dynamics in order to control the development of the pathology. However, with the appearance of unpleasant symptoms, complications, if there is a risk of developing a malignant process, treatment is carried out.

To exclude the presence of oncology, the patient needs to donate blood for tumor markers C-125 and CA-19-9. It should be remembered that positive results of such tests do not always indicate ovarian cancer and may indicate a malignant lesion of other organs. Histology is considered the most reliable study for detecting adnexal cancer.

How to treat fluid formation of the left or right ovary

If we are talking about a functional cyst, then with a high degree of probability it can disappear on its own within a few menstrual cycles. When the formation does not regress, its treatment is carried out, the tactics of which are determined by the age of the patient and other factors.

As a rule, the period during which dynamic observation is carried out is 3 months. To speed up the process of the disappearance of the cyst, the gynecologist may prescribe hormonal agents, and in case of pain, painkillers. Extraneous inclusions of large sizes, or with the likelihood of transformation into a cancerous tumor, are removed surgically.

The liquid formation of the left ovary (or right) is excised laparoscopically or laparotomically. The operation is also indicated when a woman who wants to become pregnant has PCOS, and conservative treatment is ineffective. Urgent surgical intervention is performed with torsion of the pedicle of the ovarian cyst, as well as with other complications.

When there are liquid formations in the ovaries, this indicates the presence of cysts (for example, with PCOS). A single extraneous inclusion may indicate the functional nature of the pathology. A comprehensive examination allows you to make an accurate diagnosis and prescribe the correct treatment for the patient.

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Right-sided ovarian cyst: types, symptoms and treatment

A cyst of the right ovary is a tumor-like formation that has a delimited capsule and a cavity filled with fluid or other contents. The cavity of the cyst is covered from the inside by epithelium. Ovarian cystic tumors account for about 25% of all neoplasms of the female organs.

Classification of ovarian cystic formations

The most common types of cysts are:

functional (luteal and follicular);
epithelial (serous and pseudomucinous);
endometrioid;
dermoid.

These formations often occur during puberty and in premenopausal women, when hormonal changes in the body occur. Dermoids can be found at any age, even in newborn girls, as they are associated with impaired embryonic histogenesis.

Causes of cystoma of the right ovary

Many women wonder where they got a cyst of the right ovary from: the causes of this formation are not exactly known. The main role is given to hormonal disorders of the body.

Risk factors

Women who have the following risk factors are most susceptible to the disease:

irregular monthly cycle;
early and late menarche (onset of menstruation);
the onset of menopause later than 50 years;
chronic processes in the genital organs (salpingoophoritis, endometritis, chronic venereal infections);
infertility;
habitual miscarriage.

The risk of right or left ovarian cysts is also increased in women who did not breastfeed after childbirth.

Important: If you have any of these factors, you should be examined by a gynecologist two or more times a year.

Symptoms of a right-sided ovarian cyst

Most cystic ovarian tumors do not have symptoms until they become too large. A woman may complain of pain in the lower abdomen or discomfort, and more on the right. The pain sometimes extends to the lower extremity. In 20% of patients, the symptoms of a cyst of the right ovary are manifested by a violation of the reproductive function. Sometimes infertility is the main reason for going to the doctor.

Another symptom of a cyst is irregular menstruation. There may be frequent delays, bleeding between periods. A woman is sometimes concerned about breast engorgement, constipation, and frequent urination. Acute abdominal pain occurs with complications of the cyst, such as torsion of the leg or perforation of the capsule.

Complications of a cyst in the right ovary

Many cystomas can lead to infertility, especially if they affect both ovaries. Another complication is malignancy. Ovarian cancer most often complicates papillary-type serous cystadenoma. This type of tumor is distinguished by the presence on its inner wall of small outgrowths or papillae, which are epithelial hyperplasia.

Acute complications of a cyst in the right ovary include torsion of the base and rupture of the wall with the release of contents and blood into the abdominal cavity. These conditions can lead to the development of inflammation of the peritoneum and the formation of inter-intestinal abscesses or adhesions.

Important: for any symptoms from the reproductive system, it is necessary to consult a gynecologist. The earlier the tumor is diagnosed, the easier it is to cure it without any consequences.

Irregular menstruation is one of the signs of an ovarian cyst.

Diagnosis of ovarian cystadenomas and cysts

The gynecologist can already suggest the presence of a cyst during a bimanual examination. On palpation next to the appendages, a rounded elastic dense formation with a smooth surface is found. It may be slightly painful. To confirm the diagnosis, ultrasound and x-rays are performed. Ultrasound can sometimes suggest the type of tumor. For example, a bilocular or multilocular right ovarian cyst may be a pseudomucinous cystoma. Serous cystadenoma usually has one chamber.

If the diagnosis is difficult, an MRI or CT scan may be performed. If the symptoms of a complicated cystoma resemble appendicitis, then a puncture of the posterior vaginal fornix is made for differential diagnosis.

Treatment of a cyst of a right-sided ovarian cyst

With cysts of the right ovary, the symptoms largely determine the treatment. If there are manifestations of a complicated tumor, then the method of choice is open laparotomy. During the operation, the abdominal cavity and its organs are examined, the contents of the cyst are removed. The formation is excised at the border of healthy tissue. If possible, the ovary is trying to recover. When there are signs of malignancy (metastases, papillary outgrowths on the wall), all appendages and adjacent lymph nodes are removed. Sometimes you have to remove the uterus.

If there are no acute manifestations, when choosing a method of treatment, the following are taken into account:

cyst size,
its origin and form,
patient age,
accompanying illnesses.

For formations of small size (up to 6 cm) without signs of malignancy, hormonal therapy is often performed. If during the course the cystoma decreases or disappears, then conservative treatment is continued for several more months. When the tumor does not respond to drug treatment and increases in size, surgery is performed. Preference is given to a less traumatic method of intervention - laparoscopy.

For some cystic tumors, hormonal treatment may not work. For example, with dermoid. In the cavity of this cyst there are hair, bones, adipose tissue that cannot disappear on their own. Therefore, with a dermoid cyst on the right ovary, treatment is always surgical.

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What is dangerous liquid formation in the ovary

After undergoing an ultrasound, some women find that the ovary contains a liquid formation. Far from always in such cases, one should sound the alarm, because this kind of cyst often goes away by itself along with the next monthly cycle.

Such formations cause danger if there is:

Pain after and during intercourse;
Drawing pains during physical activity;
Nausea, etc.

In this case, we can talk about the development of a neoplasm and the need for its detailed examination. It should be said that the liquid formation of the left ovary or the right one is typical for women after forty years, but can be detected at any age.

Causes of neoplasms in the ovary

Such neoplasms are quite common, but it is still quite difficult to study the nature of their occurrence. However, it can be said for sure that the fluid formation in the ovary is the result of hormonal failure. The nature of this failure can be either pathogenic, caused by the body itself, or artificial, which arose as a result of taking hormonal drugs.

Regardless of the cause of the pathology, it needs further examination and study, otherwise the following consequences may occur:

Diagnosis and treatment of formations in the ovary

Basic examinations, carried out when a liquid formation of the left ovary is suspected, come down to ultrasound and a blood test for hormonal levels. This approach allows you to obtain general data on the state of the body and prescribe further therapy. For the most part, in women with such a pathology, the menstrual cycle and ovulation are disturbed, first of all, the reproductive system suffers, and then other human systems.

If the body is prone to the occurrence of neoplasms, then stress, lifestyle, malnutrition, non-compliance with work and rest, etc. can push it to develop an anomaly. If you have a follicular cyst or fluid formation in your right ovary, you should immediately seek help from specialists.

When you are concerned about the manifestation of certain symptoms of the disease or it was found that the ovary contains a liquid formation after an ultrasound examination, then you need to make an appointment with a specialist.

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Right ovarian cyst: causes, types, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment

Often a woman does not suspect the existence of a cyst on the ovary, and then at the next visit to the gynecologist she learns about the pathology. A cyst is not dangerous as long as it is small. But it is not known when it will begin to increase, and then the complications are very serious. The cyst on the right ovary is more often found. This is most likely due to the fact that it is better supplied with blood than the left one. That is why complications here occur more often. During treatment, everything is done so as not to deprive a young woman of the opportunity to become pregnant and give birth safely.

Types of cysts

An ovarian cyst is a cavity formed by stretching the membrane in any of its sections. There are several types of neoplasms, which differ in the origin and nature of the content.

It is noticed that cysts on the right ovary occur more often than on the left. It functions more actively, as it is better supplied with blood due to its proximity to the abdominal artery. With blood, hormones produced by the pituitary gland (FSH and LH) enter the ovaries, which directly regulate the processes occurring in them. Dominant follicles mature more often in the right ovary. It is more active in the production of hormones.

Functional

There are two types of ovarian cysts: functional and non-functional.

Functional ones are directly related to the hormonal processes occurring in the ovaries, they are formed in a certain phase of the cycle. These include:

Follicular cyst. It is formed in the shell of the dominant follicle in the first phase of the cycle.
Luteal cyst. It occurs after ovulation in the corpus luteum, which is formed in the burst follicle after the release of the egg.

The peculiarity is that functional cysts can disappear on their own after the hormonal background returns to normal. As a rule, such cysts are formed on the right ovary.

non-functional

Non-functional. Such neoplasms do not disappear by themselves, they develop out of connection with the processes of the cycle. These include:

Endometrioid. It is formed on the surface of the ovary when particles of the uterine mucosa get on it (the cause is endometriosis, which develops as a result of hormonal imbalance). Due to the uneven structure of the particles, gaps are formed in them, which are filled with menstrual blood. Clotted blood is dark brown in color. Therefore, such an ovarian cyst is also called chocolate.
Paraovarian. It is formed from a rudimentary epididymis of the ovary. The cyst is connected with the body of the ovary by a leg, located near the fallopian tube. This is a congenital pathology that occurs in the embryo at the time of the formation of the reproductive organs. Tumor growth occurs after puberty.
Dermoid. It is formed during intrauterine development at the time of the formation of organs from the germ layers. Each of them contains cells of a certain type, from which different tissues of the body are created. Inside, hair, particles of skin, bones, and dental tissue are found.

Nonfunctional cysts on the right ovary are found with approximately the same frequency as on the left. Functional, as well as paraovarian neoplasms are retentional (formed by stretching the membrane with secretory fluid).

Video: How functional ovarian cysts form

Reasons for education

The main reason for the formation of functional ovarian cysts is a violation of the ratio of pituitary hormones and, accordingly, a failure in the development of the dominant follicle.

A follicular cyst is formed when there is an excess of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). The dominant follicle does not rupture, secretory fluid accumulates in it, in the end, a bubble up to 10 cm in diameter forms in its wall.

A corpus luteum cyst is formed if the rate of luteinizing hormone in the blood, which stimulates its growth, is exceeded. The FSH / LH ratio can independently recover to normal within 2-3 cycles, in which case the functional cyst of the right ovary disappears. If this does not happen, then hormonal treatment is used to normalize the background.

The cause of such disorders are inflammatory and infectious diseases of the uterus and appendages, diseases of the thyroid gland and pituitary gland, improper metabolism, exhaustion of the body or obesity. The cause of hormonal failure can be stress and the presence of bad habits.

An endometrioid tumor occurs as a result of pathological growth of the endometrium with an excess of estrogen in the body. The violation is facilitated by the use of hormonal drugs for the purpose of contraception or substitution therapy. Contributes to the excessive growth of the endometrium, damage to the surface of the uterus during inflammatory processes, the formation of scars and adhesions after surgery (abortion, curettage).

Note: Particles of the endometrium can be thrown into the abdominal cavity with blood if, for example, a woman has sex during menstruation. The reason for the entry of such particles on the ovaries may be an increase in intra-abdominal pressure when lifting weights.

Paraovarian neoplasms most often begin to grow against the background of inflammatory processes, after abdominal injuries, operations in the abdominal cavity (for example, removal of the appendix). The reason for the growth of the tumor may be overheating of the lower body (bathing in a hot bath), a violation of the development of the genital organs.

The dermoid cyst has a genetic origin. Her growth begins in a woman of any age. Provoking factors are diseases of the genital organs, the effects of toxins on the body, including nicotine and drugs.

As a rule, a cyst of the right ovary is found in the reproductive age, when hormonal disorders occur most often. At risk are women suffering from obesity, infertility, menstrual disorders, having bad habits and promiscuity.

Complications in the formation of cysts

The disease occurs in 2 forms: complicated and uncomplicated. Complications arise if the neoplasm reaches a size of 3 cm or more. The following conditions are dangerous:

Twisting of the leg, cessation of blood supply. Necrosis and blood poisoning are possible.
Capsule rupture. If it swells and bursts, then the contents are poured into the abdominal cavity, which leads to peritonitis. Together with the capsule, the ovarian membrane may rupture, its apoplexy will occur.
Hemorrhage (internal bleeding). Such a process is most typical for the right ovary, since it has a direct connection with the abdominal aorta. Possible hemorrhage inside the ovary, as well as in the abdominal cavity. If the hemorrhagic cyst is large, the bleeding is severe, only urgent surgery can save a woman.
Malignancy. In some cases, the endometrioid or dermoid cyst degenerates into a cancerous tumor.

As doctors warn, the main cause of complications is usually an untimely visit to the doctor. Feeling unwell, women often self-medicate with home remedies without knowing the diagnosis, wasting precious time. Often, on the advice of friends, they warm up the lower abdomen, which is strictly forbidden to do.

The consequences may be suppuration of the contents, peritonitis, sepsis, disruption of neighboring organs, bleeding, anemia, removal of the ovary and infertility.

Cysts during pregnancy and childbirth

With a significant increase in tumors, the onset of pregnancy is difficult. They can provoke menstrual disorders, lack of ovulation. In addition, neoplasms can block the entrance to the fallopian tubes, making fertilization impossible.

If during pregnancy a small ovarian cyst is found on the right or left side (less than 3 cm in diameter), then its development is constantly monitored (the luteal cyst, for example, resolves in a week).

In case of rapid growth and the danger of twisting, hemorrhage or other complications, the neoplasm is removed. If this is not done, then even in the absence of pathological processes, an enlarging cyst can put pressure on the uterus, making it difficult for the growth and development of the fetus, disrupting blood circulation. This provokes an abortion or premature birth.

During childbirth, attempts can provoke a rupture of the cyst and the entry of its contents into the abdominal cavity and birth canal. This creates a life-threatening situation for the woman. An urgent abdominal operation is required.

Video: Yellow body cyst during pregnancy

Symptoms

If the cyst of the right ovary has a diameter of less than 2 cm, then the woman does not feel her presence. The growth of the tumor leads to the appearance of pulling pain in the groin area on the right side.

There are violations of the cycle: strengthening or weakening of menstrual bleeding, delay in menstruation, inability to become pregnant. Smearing spotting appears between periods due to leakage of the contents of the cyst.

A large capsule presses on neighboring organs. In this case, a woman has constipation, flatulence, difficulty urinating. Pressure on the intestines leads to nausea, heartburn.

With inflammation of the ovarian cyst located on the right side, the same symptoms occur as with appendicitis (cutting pains in the lower abdomen, pain on palpation of this area, nausea, vomiting). Therefore, in some cases, an inaccurate diagnosis can be made, and the picture of the disease becomes clear already during the operation.

Symptoms of complications are severe abdominal pain, fever, anemia, uterine bleeding.

Diagnosis and treatment

Large cysts are already detected on palpation. Ultrasound (external and transvaginal) is used to determine their size, localization and type. The presence or absence of pregnancy is also established.

To find out about the accumulation of blood in the abdominal cavity, a puncture of the posterior wall of the vagina is performed. The method of laparoscopy is used. If necessary, you can immediately remove the cyst during the procedure.

They do blood tests for hormones, tumor markers, blood and urine tests for the presence of infectious agents.

Drug treatment is carried out when functional cysts larger than 5 cm are detected. For this, preparations containing estrogens and progesterone (Janine, duphaston, jess) are used, which normalize the hormonal background. In case of detection of inflammatory processes, antibiotics are prescribed.

Paraovarian, endometrioid, and dermoid cysts are surgically removed because they cannot shrink or dissolve with medication. Most often, the removal is performed laparoscopically. For young women, they usually try to preserve the ovary and childbearing function.

Women over 45 years of age may have a partial or complete removal of the ovary, since they have a higher risk of malignant degeneration.

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Fluid inclusion in the right ovary

Asks: Marina, Ulyanovsk

Gender Female

Age: 29

Chronic diseases: Chronic tonsillitis, autoimmune thyroiditis

Hello Elena Viktorovna! The doctor in the examination room recommended that I do an ultrasound, because during the examination she did not like something. Made an uzi. Day 11 of the cycle. The uterus is shifted to the left. Dimensions: 48*40*44 mm. The contours are even and clear. The structure of the myometrium is homogeneous. M-echo of the uterus with a thickness of 4.0 mm, corresponds to the 1st phase of the cycle. The contours are even and clear. The structure is homogeneous. Echogenicity is average. The uterine cavity is not expanded. The cervix is 29 mm long. The contours are even and clear. The structure is saved. The right ovary is located usually, oval. The contours are even and clear. Dimensions: 52*30.6*39.4mm, V=31.4cm cc In the structure of the ovary, a liquid inclusion is 31 * 25 mm, the contents are heterogeneous, with partitions and echogenic suspension, along the periphery of the follicle with a diameter of up to 7.0 mm, 5-6 pcs. In one cut. The left ovary is located usually, oval. The contours are even and clear. Dimensions: 29.6*22.6*26*9mm, V=9.0cm cc In the structure of the ovary along the periphery, follicles with a diameter of up to 6.0 mm, 4-6 pcs. In one cut. No free fluid was found in the retrouterine space. Conclusion: Enlargement of the right ovary. Right ovarian cyst. Also in this cycle (at 4 d.c.) I donated 17-okiprogesterone. Result: 8.07 (normal 0.3-2.06 in the follicular phase). I want to get pregnant soon. I did an ultrasound a month before, there were no cysts then. Please tell me what kind of cyst it could be, and is it necessary to do an operation?

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Hello. It is hard to say. It is necessary to track in dynamics (repeat ultrasound on the 5-10th day of the next cycle). Looks like an endometrioid cyst, or more likely a corpus luteum cyst. Such a cyst without symptoms and up to 6 cm in diameter can be observed for up to 6 months, without therapy, but most often, if it is still a corpus luteum cyst, it can disappear on its own after menstruation. Health to you! Sincerely, E. V. Molchanova

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In medical terminology, the formation of fluid in a woman's ovary is called a cyst. It is a small pathological cavity, consisting of tissue fluid, blood and mucous secretions. The vast majority of ovarian cysts occur during a woman's active sexual life and disappear over time without any treatment. Some cysts can lead to complications, rupture, and cause severe pain. In this case, you should immediately contact a gynecologist.

Reasons for the formation of a cyst

Follicular cyst. It is formed during ovulation, when a mature egg cannot leave the follicle and enter the fallopian tubes. The unopened follicle continues to grow, gradually fills with fluid and stretches - a cyst is obtained. Typically, this type of cyst disappears after two or three menstrual cycles.

Ovarian cysts are rare in women taking hormonal pills. The drugs block, leaving the ovaries at rest.

Polycystic ovary syndrome. Pathology is accompanied by impaired ovarian function. There is an increase in the size of the ovaries by about two times as a result of the multiple formation of cysts. Patients suffering from PCOS often have hormonal imbalances.

Dermoid cyst. It is formed from cells that produce human eggs and may contain parts of hair, skin, or teeth. This type of cyst is rarely cancerous.

Other reasons. Serous or colloid cystadenoma and the occurrence of endometriosis.

Symptoms of ovarian cysts

Ovarian cysts, whether benign or malignant, do not cause symptoms in the initial stage of development. A benign cyst usually disappears within a few weeks. If the formation has not disappeared, it can cause the following deviations:

bleeding;
abdominal pain;
nausea and vomiting;
feeling of bloating;
pain during intercourse;
irregular menstrual cycle;
pain in the lower back or hip.

All of these symptoms are not specific to an ovarian cyst and may be signs of other conditions, such as uterine fibroids.

Treatment of an ovarian cyst

In most cases, ovarian cysts disappear on their own within a few weeks. If it doesn't, treatment will depend on the size of the cyst, the age of the patient, and the type of cyst.

After the initial examination and the discovery of a cyst at the initial stage of development, the doctor recommends waiting for about three months and returning to the appointment to confirm the disappearance of the cyst. Otherwise, treatment is prescribed.

To facilitate the disappearance of the cyst, the doctor may prescribe hormonal drugs and, in case of pain, prescribe painkillers. If the cyst is large when viewed on ultrasound, the patient constantly has ailments and there is a suspicion of cancer, the doctor will recommend a laparoscopy or laparotomy procedure.

Regular visits to a gynecologist and timely diagnosis will help eliminate serious health problems with the formation of a cyst in the ovaries. In case of changes in the menstrual cycle and pain in the lower abdomen, you should notify your doctor.

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After undergoing an ultrasound, some women find that the ovary contains a fluid formation. Far from always in such cases, one should sound the alarm, because this kind of cyst often goes away by itself along with the next monthly cycle.

Such formations cause danger if there is:

Pain after and during intercourse;
Drawing pains during physical activity;
Nausea, etc.

Causes of neoplasms in the ovary

Regardless of the cause of the pathology, it needs further examination and study, otherwise the following consequences may occur:

Risk of uterine cancer;
Hair loss;
Infertility;
puffiness;
Pain;
Obesity.

Diagnosis and treatment of formations in the ovary

Basic examinations carried out when fluid formation of the left ovary is suspected, are reduced to ultrasound and a blood test for hormonal levels. This approach allows you to obtain general data on the state of the body and prescribe further therapy. For the most part, in women with such a pathology, the menstrual cycle and ovulation are disturbed, first of all, the reproductive system suffers, and then other human systems.

If the body is prone to the occurrence of neoplasms, then stress, lifestyle, malnutrition, non-compliance with work and rest, etc. can push it to develop an anomaly. If you have a follicular cyst or fluid formation in the right ovary, you should immediately seek help from specialists.

Some women get something like the following ultrasound results: "a fluid formation was detected in the ovary." This conclusion means that a cyst has formed in the appendage, which may disappear within a few cycles or needs treatment. Liquid formation of the right ovary occurs more often than the left.

Causes of fluid formations of the appendages

Failures in reproductive function in most cases are due to early onset of puberty, as well as multiple abortions. Ovarian cysts with liquid contents often affect women who have abnormalities in the endocrine system.

Types of liquid foreign matter in the ovaries

When they say that there are liquid formations in the appendages, then we are talking about cysts, which may not manifest themselves for a long time. There are the following types:

A dermoid ovarian cyst often develops in the fetus during the mother's pregnancy. This extraneous inclusion is filled with fluid and the rudiments of the skin, hair and other tissues of the child. Sometimes it appears during life.
Follicular formation is formed against the background of a hormonal failure, in which ovulation is not complete, and the follicle is filled with fluid, gradually increasing in size.
Mucinous - filled with mucous contents. Its danger lies in the possibility of malignant degeneration. In most cases, such an extraneous inclusion is formed during menopause.
A paraovarian cyst is a thin-walled neoplasm, which is inactive and most often does not manifest itself in any way, having a small size.
A luteal neoplasm occurs immediately after ovulation due to a violation of circulatory processes in the tissues of the appendage. The factors provoking its development are a strict diet and significant physical activity.
An endometrioid fluid neoplasm is formed due to the introduction of endometrial cells into the epididymal tissue, and sometimes leads to the development of infertility. Among other liquid formations of the ovaries, it is quite common.
Numerous ovarian cysts that are caused by PCOS. Hormonal abnormalities lead to violations of the reproductive function and the appearance of these fluid-filled formations in the appendages.
Serous cystadenoma with watery transparent contents of light yellow color. It rarely transforms into a cancerous tumor and is quite common.

Signs of a liquid neoplasm

As the pathology develops, a woman, as a rule, has the following symptoms:

bleeding from the genital tract outside of menstruation;
soreness in the abdomen;
vomiting and/or nausea;
anovulation;
feeling of bloating;
pain during intimacy;
cycle disorders;
problems with bowel movements;
increased urge to urinate;
pain in the thigh or lower back.

These manifestations do not always indicate the presence of a liquid formation and quite often act as manifestations of other gynecological pathologies, for example, uterine fibroids.

If you experience pain during intimacy and / or after physical activity, nausea and other unpleasant symptoms, you should consult a doctor as soon as possible. Such a clinical picture may indicate the development of a cyst.

Diagnosis of pathology

How to treat fluid formation of the left or right ovary

If the patient is in menopause and suffers from serious diseases of the vessels, heart, metabolic disorders, and the cyst has a diameter of no more than 5 cm and cannot degenerate into a malignant tumor, then the operation is not performed. In this case, conservative therapy with drugs is used.

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What is dangerous liquid formation in the ovary

Sunday, May 1, 2016 - 20:11

Such formations cause danger if there is:

Pain after and during intercourse;
Drawing pains during physical activity;
Nausea, etc.

Causes of neoplasms in the ovary

Regardless of the cause of the pathology, it needs further examination and study, otherwise the following consequences may occur:

Risk of uterine cancer;
Hair loss;
Infertility;
puffiness;
Pain;
Obesity.

Diagnosis and treatment of formations in the ovary

ovaries, women's health

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Fluid in the ovary: what is it and the causes

Fluid in the ovary is one of the pathologies of the reproductive organs, which raises many questions in women. The current lifestyle, diet, well-being in the family, social environment, working conditions and even worldview - all have an impact on the formation of diseases of the genital organs. Overvoltage and stress necessarily affect the work of the endocrine system. This leads to dysfunction and gonads, which provokes the risk of occurrence and development of cysts. An ovarian cyst is a neoplasm in the form of a cavity where pathological fluid accumulates.

Pathological fluid radically differs in its structure depending on the etiology of its occurrence. It can be viscous, oily-dense and watery-mucous.

Causes of pathological fluid accumulation

Identification of the etiology of the development of pathological education allows for effective treatment. In the ovary, fluid may begin to accumulate for the following reasons:

Malfunction of the genital organs. Normally, during ovulation, the graafian vesicle bursts, and the fluid contained in it, along with the egg, enters the abdominal cavity. When this process is disrupted and rupture does not occur, a large amount of fluid accumulates in the bubble, which provokes the formation of a cyst.
Inflammatory processes in the ovaries. With hypothermia, a decrease in immunity, prolonged inflammatory processes in the ovaries can occur. Edema forms in the tissues and fluid sweats out in the space between the cells, increasing the size of the ovary. Such a process can occur in several places, which provokes such a complication as polycystic. In this case, many bubbles filled with pathological fluid are formed.
Hormonal imbalance in the body. All parts of the endocrine system are interconnected. Violation of the hormonal function of any gland entails failures in the work of the ovaries. Patients with an early or too late onset of menstruation, as well as women with a history of abortion, are usually at risk.
Endometriosis. Due to the pathological growth of the mucous layer of the uterus into the pelvic cavity, an accompanying process of fluid formation in the ovaries occurs.
Kidney diseases. Congestion in the pelvis that occurs with renal failure disrupts blood circulation in the genitals, which also contributes to the development of neoplasms.

The composition and mechanism of the occurrence of pathological fluid depending on the type of cyst

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Any type of cystic formation occurs at a certain time and under the influence of various factors. Almost all of them are benign in nature, without aggressive growth, as in ovarian cancer.

Functional formations

The follicular cyst is represented by a capsule in the form of a large follicle, which did not burst during ovulation, but continued to grow. The capsule consists of thin walls and contains a yellow secretory exudate. This clear fluid is produced by the inner lining of the cavity and contains high levels of the hormone estrogen. Such an education tends to disappear on its own within 1-3 menstrual cycles. It is necessary to monitor the development of this cyst and undergo timely ultrasound of the pelvic organs.

A corpus luteum cyst is the second most common pathology in the ovary with fluid accumulation. It is usually located on one ovary and has a longer period of stay in the body. Instead of the expected atrophy of the corpus luteum in the second phase of the menstrual cycle, aseptic inflammation is formed. This happens due to a violation of blood circulation in this place. The formation of a capsule occurs at the site of a bursting small vessel in the corpus luteum. It can be both lymphatic and circulatory. The fluid corresponding to the vessel is poured out, forming a pathological cavity, which begins to grow, accumulating contents.

organic formations

A mucinous cyst (cystadenoma) can appear at any age, but most often occurs in the postmenopausal period. This neoplasm can reach large sizes. Its inner shell has a smooth structure and consists of an epithelium identical to the tissue of the cervical canal, the function of which is to produce mucus. The multi-chamber cavity of the cyst is filled with a jelly-like liquid, which is mucus (mucin) in the form of small droplets. In its composition, it contains glycoproteins and heteroglycans. The color of the liquid is yellowish, less often brown or hemorrhagic. Doctors recommend only an operative method of treating such a pathology, due to the high risk of malignancy of the process.

A dermoid cyst is considered a congenital neoplasm, the growth of which begins during the puberty of a girl. The cyst has high mobility due to the long stem, which creates conditions for future complications, in the form of its torsion. The cavity is limited by dense shells, and contains a thick dense liquid. The structure of this mass contains unique elements: teeth, cartilage, hairs, and even bones. Such a composition is formed during fetal development from stem cells, which can give rise to any kind of tissue.

Click to enlarge

An endometrioid cyst occurs extremely rarely and only in patients with endometriosis. A pathological cavity can occur both on the ovary and inside it. The contents are presented in the form of a brown liquid of a benign nature. The fluid is formed by the release of menstrual blood from the capsule, which is represented by the endometrium. Most often, such neoplasms are discovered by chance during an ultrasound examination.

Paraovarian formations

Paraovarian cysts are typical for women of young and middle age. Such cysts form from the appendages located above the ovary. Basically, this pathology affects women with chronic adnexitis. The single-chamber capsule contains a transparent secret that does not contain hormones. It is produced by the inner lining of the cavity. This type of formation, reaching a large size, is able to compress the abdominal organs.

Methods for detecting fluid in the ovaries

The disease is characterized by a long absence of clinical manifestations, which creates a potential threat in the form of dangerous complications. A woman will not be able to independently determine the accumulated fluid in the ovary, because in the ovary for quite a long time there is no pain. Only with the development of complications do acute stabbing pains appear in the groin during physical exertion.

Timely detection of pathology means the prevention of surgical intervention and the preservation of the reproductive function of the gland. In addition to a gynecological examination, it is possible to diagnose fluid that has accumulated in the ovaries in women through the use of additional research methods, such as:

tests for tumor markers;
blood and urine tests (to detect blood loss or inflammation);
CT, where they give detailed information about the location and volume of the cystic formation;
laparoscopy for the purpose of detection and surgical treatment in cases of torsion of the leg or rupture of the cyst;
tests (to determine a possible ectopic pregnancy);
puncture of the posterior fornix of the vagina, where fluid is taken from the ovary for examination.

The key to successful treatment always depends on timely diagnosis. Detection of a pathological cavity at the initial stage helps to prevent its further growth and avoid dangerous complications.

Treatment

Treatment of neoplasms depends on their size, type, dynamics of development, as well as on the age of the patient. Conservative and surgical methods of treatment are used.

With the functional type of cysts, the easiest method of treatment is used - conservative. Patients take hormonal drugs for several months. Thus, the work of the ovaries is blocked and the formation of the follicle does not occur. This reduces existing formations and prevents the formation of new ones.

Surgery is indicated for the following types of pathologies and their complications:

an increase in the volume of formation of more than 10 cm and being in the body for more than 3 months (for the functional type of cysts);
cystosis;
polycystic;
twisting of the leg;
cyst rupture, etc.

Surgical intervention is currently carried out by a more gentle laparoscopic method. Exceptions are abdominal operations, which are performed when a huge tumor is removed.

Relapse can be avoided by conducting preventive courses of treatment with drugs prescribed by the attending physician. Patients are advised to lead a healthy lifestyle, not forgetting to strengthen the immune system and vitamin therapy. Proper nutrition, exercise, lack of stress are good methods for preventing diseases of the genital organs.

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An anechoic ovarian mass or cyst

Monday, April 25, 2016 - 14:21

An anechoic formation in the left ovary is a round cyst with a homogeneous structure and a clear contour.

A woman receives a medical conclusion “anechoic formation in the left or right ovary” in her hands after she has undergone an ultrasound examination of the internal genital organs or small pelvis for various reasons. The conclusion may be, for example, as follows: "anechoic inclusion with a capsule (hyperechoic rim), signs of a corpus luteum cyst on the right." Such a formation on the “picture” of ultrasound looks light, almost white. For reference, similar inclusions (formations) are also hypoechoic (from other Greek - “lower, less”), they are detected on ultrasound as dark structures.

It should be understood that an anechoic or hypoechoic formation in the left ovary is a pathology that is not a diagnosis. This is a description of how the ultrasound beam was reflected from the ovary: the equipment emits ultrasonic waves, human tissues and organs either pass them unchanged (anechoic or echo-negative organs and formations), or reflect them to one degree or another. An anechoic structure is one that contains fluid.

In the case of the ovary, such a conclusion of the pelvic ultrasound means that the sonologist diagnoses the cyst. The subsequent actions of a woman upon receiving such data about her health is a visit to a gynecologist, since cysts can be completely different, and their therapy differs significantly.

It's time to decide how to treat a disease such as an ovarian cyst, and what impact it will have on pregnancy planning.

Ovarian cyst - what is it?

An anechoic formation - an ovarian cyst - is a single ovoid inclusion of a round or oval shape, with thickened walls. The anechoic structure must contain fluid, blood can be added to it.

The contents of the cyst can be not only completely anechoic, but also have a cobweb-like or mesh structure, contain irregularly shaped septa or hyperechoic inclusions (which include such contents as blood clots) of various sizes and shapes.

An ovarian cyst can be single or multiple (several cysts on one ovary), as well as single-chamber and multi-chamber (two-chamber, three-chamber, etc.).

A single-chamber cyst is a simple vesicle in which there are no internal septa. A multi-chamber cyst has many partitions inside. It is believed that a single-chamber cyst is safer than a multi-chamber one.

Forms of an ovarian cyst

Follicular cyst - is formed from a follicle (vesicle) - a receptacle for a maturing egg. Normally, the follicle, having reached a certain maturity, bursts, and the egg is released into the abdominal cavity, which is called ovulation. If the follicle continues to grow in size and does not rupture in a timely manner, they speak of the formation of a follicular cyst, otherwise called an avascular formation.
A corpus luteum cyst is formed when fluid and blood accumulate at the site of a burst follicle.
A simple (serous) cyst is a bladder formed from serous tissue (covering the ovaries from the outside), filled with a clear liquid.
A paraovarian cyst is a dense, inactive formation near the ovary, which is a thin-walled chamber with a clear liquid with a low protein content. Such a cyst develops from the ovarian epididymis and is located between the fallopian tube and the ovary. With ultrasound next to a cyst of this form, as a rule, the ovarian tissue is clearly visible.

At-risk groups

Often, ovarian cysts are detected in young girls, as well as women of reproductive age (i.e., in patients who have not yet menopause). In addition, there is a small chance of ovarian cysts in girls before the onset of menstruation (usually a congenital cyst) and in women in the first five years of menopause.

It is important that every postmenopausal woman understands that ovarian cysts in menopause require much more serious attention to themselves than if they appeared in a woman of reproductive age. The fact is that after menopause, the risk of developing a tumor (ovarian cancer) increases significantly. Therefore, all inclusions that can form in the ovary must undergo a thorough examination that can detect the presence of signs of cancer.

Symptoms of an ovarian cyst

Usually, the owners of ovarian cysts are not even aware of their presence, since small cysts do not provoke any signs. As the cyst develops, a woman may experience the following symptoms:

Feeling of pressure and heaviness in the pelvis.
Dull pain in the lower abdomen on the left or right, appearing or aggravated by physical exertion and / or during sexual intercourse.
False urge to defecate.
Pain when urinating and frequent urination.
In the event of a complication of the cyst (its torsion, rupture), severe paroxysmal pains in the abdomen and in the inguinal region, high body temperature, vomiting, and nausea may occur. When such symptoms appear, it is urgent to contact a gynecologist or call an ambulance.

Why does an ovarian cyst form?

Today, the exact causes of the formation of ovarian cysts in the uterine cavity are not known, but some patterns have been identified:

Congenital cyst (the girl already has at birth): dermoid cyst.
Cysts with hormonal failure: corpus luteum cyst, follicular (functional) cyst.
Benign ovarian cysts: cystadenomas.
Cysts in other diseases: cyst with polycystic ovaries, endometrioid ovarian cyst.
Malignant ovarian cyst: carcinoma (oncology) of the ovary.

What is a follicular ovarian cyst?

Every month, in all women and girls, a follicle ripens in the ovaries - a vial that contains an egg. This follicle gradually increases in size until it reaches two centimeters (20 mm) in diameter and then bursts, releasing the egg. This process is called ovulation. However, the follicle when it becomes ripe, sometimes it does not burst and continues to increase in size. Such an “overgrown” follicle of its own size is a follicular ovarian cyst.

Follicular cyst treatment

If we were talking about such a disease as a cyst of the cervix, it is customary to use the radio wave method for its treatment (the cyst is destroyed by high frequency waves). As for an ovarian cyst, usually a follicular or functional cyst does not need to be treated, as it completely resolves on its own after one to two months. If for three months the follicular cyst has not disappeared or its size exceeds five to seven centimeters, then such a cyst should be treated.

There are two main methods of treating ovarian cysts: with the help of hormonal drugs and with the help of surgery. Hormonal medications (birth control pills, oral contraceptives) help shrink the cyst and prevent new ovarian cysts from forming. When contraceptive treatment fails, surgery is suggested. Also, surgical care will be needed when the size of the cyst is more than ten centimeters and it continues to grow, when the woman has severe pain in the abdomen, and also in case of suspected torsion of the cyst, as well as other complications.

Cyst of the corpus luteum and its treatment

When ovulation ends (the rupture of the follicle and the release of the egg), a piece of tissue appears in the ovary that produces progesterone, the hormone of pregnancy. This area of tissue is called the corpus luteum. If pregnancy does not occur, the corpus luteum should normally resolve. But there are situations when the corpus luteum does not disappear, but is filled with blood or fluid, thereby forming a corpus luteum cyst.

Usually, a corpus luteum cyst does not need treatment, as it resolves on its own within one to two months. To speed up the course of resorption, the gynecologist may recommend taking contraceptives that help reduce the size of the cyst.

In rare situations, the corpus luteum cyst reaches a large size (more than five to seven centimeters in diameter), twist around its axis or break. In this case, a woman has severe pain in the lower abdomen, which is aggravated by exercise or sex. With the development of any complication of the corpus luteum cyst, an urgent operation should be performed.

Is a corpus luteum cyst dangerous during pregnancy?

No, such a cyst is not dangerous. A corpus luteum cyst is not uncommon in the early stages of pregnancy. It not only does not interfere with the development of the fetus, but also helps to maintain pregnancy by producing the pregnancy hormone - progesterone. When the need for progesterone disappears, the cyst resolves on its own. Often, this occurs after the twelfth week of pregnancy (in some cases at the eighteenth to nineteenth week).

Again, in extremely rare cases, there is a possibility of rupture or torsion of the cyst. In this case, the pregnant woman will feel severe pain in the abdomen. If this happens, urgent surgery may be needed.

Dermoid cyst

A dermoid cyst is a benign tumor-like formation in the ovary, which is still present at the time of the birth of a girl and may increase in size during puberty. It may seem strange, but sometimes completely unexpected tissues are revealed in this cyst: teeth, hair, bone tissue or cartilage. This can be explained by the fact that during the formation of this cyst (even during intrauterine development) there were stem cells in it that could give rise to absolutely any tissue of the body.

The only treatment for a dermoid cyst is surgery. It is impossible to cure this type of cyst with pills today.

What is an endometrioma (endometrioid ovarian cyst)?

Endometrioma occurs in women who have endometriosis. Endometriosis is a female disease in which the endometrium (the inner lining of the uterus) begins to develop in other organs. When the endometrium begins to develop on the ovary, an endometrioid ovarian cyst may appear. Because an endometrioid ovarian cyst is filled with dark brown fluid, it is often referred to as a chocolate cyst.

Endometrioma (chocolate cyst) is treated exclusively with surgery.

Polycystic ovaries

Polycystic ovaries is a separate disease in which many small cysts appear in the ovary at once.

Cystadenoma

Cystadenoma is a benign neoplasm of the ovary, which can sometimes reach a fairly large size.

Paraovarian cyst

Unlike ordinary ovarian cysts, the paraovarian cyst does not grow from the ovary, but is localized between the uterus and the ovary, and sometimes behind the uterus or in front of it.

Carcinoma (malignant cyst)

Carcinoma or malignant ovarian cyst is rare. An increased likelihood of developing ovarian cancer is found in women whose relatives had ovarian cancer or breast cancer, as well as in patients who have never given birth. Symptoms of a malignant ovarian cyst are as follows:

weakness;
pain in the lower abdomen;
headache;
weight loss.

Ovarian carcinoma is treated only with surgery. After removal of the neoplasm, drugs that destroy cancer cells (chemotherapy), as well as ovarian irradiation (radiotherapy) can be prescribed.

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Anechogenic formation in the ovary, cyst

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