The human body is the sense organs. See what "Sense Organ" is in other dictionaries. The eye consists of several important parts, namely

A person receives various information about the environment and the state own body through the sense organs. All sense organs have their own receptors (sensory nerves), the signal from which is transmitted to the central nervous system. Thanks to this, a person can react to everything that happens in the world around him. In this article, Elhau will talk about what the sense organs are.

sense organs

• Eyes
• Skin receptors

What are the sense organs, you now know, but you should consider in more detail each of them, as well as the feelings that we feel thanks to them.

Eyes

This sense organ is visual system man, thanks to which we have vision, that is, we see the world around us as an image of objects and their location in space. The eyes belong to the distant sense organs, that is, the sense organs that react to irritation at a distance.

Ears

This organ belongs to the distant sense organs and performs two functions:

• Perception of sounds. The human ear can perceive far from all sounds, but only sound waves located in the range of 16-20000 Hz.
• Sense of balance and position of the body in space. This feeling is called equiprioception, and is provided vestibular apparatus(part of the inner ear).

Skin receptors

The skin performs many functions, including sensitive ones:

• Thermoreception - a feeling of warmth and its absence. It is thanks to the skin receptors that we feel heat or cold, the temperature of various objects.
• Touch or tactile sense. Thanks to the skin, we can feel touches, their strength, vibrations, texture of objects (for example, smoothness, roughness, and so on).

This sense organ reacts to irritation only with direct contact, in contrast to distant sense organs.

Nose

Thanks to this body senses a person can distinguish smells, this sense is called smell. It is worth noting that a person has the best sense of smell at birth, with age the ability to distinguish smells worsens. In addition, scientists argue that the sensitivity to odors in women is higher than in men.

Language

Thanks to this sense organ, a person can distinguish taste different substances. However, the tongue also has tactile receptors, that is, it is able to transmit the temperature and texture of substances.

Now you know what sense organs a person has, however, in addition to the listed types of sensations received with the help of these sense organs, a person has other feelings:

• feeling of pain (perceived by the skin, organs and joints).
• proprioception - a sense of position in space, movement and strength (sense of one's own body). Proprioreceptors are located in muscles, joints, tendons, and allow us to understand how our limbs are located relative to our body. Thanks to the work of receptors, we can regulate the strength of our actions, as well as determine whether we are at rest or moving.

Human senses are designed to interact with the outside world. A person has five of them:

The organ of vision is the eyes;

Organ of hearing - ears;

Sense of smell - nose;

Touch - skin;

Taste is language.

All of them respond to external stimuli.

organs of taste

Human taste sensations. This happens due to special cells responsible for taste. They are located on the tongue and are combined into taste buds, each of which has from 30 to 80 cells.

These taste buds are located on the tongue as part of the fungiform papillae, which cover the entire surface of the tongue.

There are other papillae on the tongue that recognize various substances. There are several types concentrated there, each of which distinguishes "its" taste.

For example, salty and sweet determine the tip of the tongue, bitter - its base, and sour - the lateral surface.

Olfactory organ

The olfactory cells are located in the upper nasal part. Various microparticles enter the nasal passages on the mucous membranes, due to which they begin to contact with the cells responsible for smell. This is facilitated by special hairs that are in the thickness of the mucus.

Pain, tactile and temperature sensitivity

The sense organs of a person of this species are very important, because it allows you to protect yourself from various dangers of the surrounding world.

Special receptors are scattered over the surface of our body. Cold ones react to cold, thermal ones to heat, painful ones to pain, and tactile ones to touch.

Most of the tactile receptors are located in the lips and on the fingertips. In other parts of the body, there are much fewer such receptors.

When you touch something, tactile receptors are irritated. Some of them are more sensitive, others less, but all the information collected is sent to the brain and analyzed.

The human senses include the most important body- vision, thanks to which we receive almost 80% of all information about the outside world. Eye, oculomotor muscles, lacrimal apparatus and others are elements of the organ of vision.

The eyeball has several layers:

The sclera, called the cornea;

The choroid, passing in front into the iris.

The eyeball inside is divided into chambers filled with jelly-like transparent contents. Cameras surround the lens - a transparent disk for viewing objects that are close and far.

Inner side eyeball, which is opposite to the iris and cornea, has light-sensitive cells (rods and cones) that convert light fluxes into an electrical signal that enters the brain through the optic nerve.

The lacrimal apparatus is designed to protect the cornea from microbes. The lacrimal fluid continuously washes and moisturizes the surface of the cornea, providing it with sterility. This is facilitated by episodic blinking of the eyelashes.

The human senses include the hearing organ, which consists of three components - the inner, middle and outer ear. The last one is auditory concha and ear canal. The middle ear is separated from it by the eardrum, which is a small space, with a volume of about one cubic centimeter.

The tympanic membrane and inner ear contain three small bones called the hammer, stirrup and anvil that transmit sound vibrations from eardrum into the inner ear. The sound-perceiving organ is the cochlea, which is located in inner ear.

The snail is a small tube twisted in a spiral in the form of two and a half special coils. It is filled with a viscous liquid. When sound vibrations enter the inner ear, they are transmitted to a fluid that vibrates and acts on sensitive hairs. Information in the form of impulses is sent to the brain, analyzed, and we hear sounds.

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A world full of a s o to , s in u to o to and from a n a x o give us our senses

Probably, in the first period of the existence of life on Earth, our planet seemed to living beings as a completely dark, soundless world. Gradually, they learned to feel smells, taste, heat and cold, touch, thereby acquiring touch, smell, taste - the first external senses. With their help, ancient organisms searched for food, escaped from dangers. Gradually, the world of colors and sounds opened up to the first creatures. Animals acquired a protective coloration, learned to quietly sneak up on prey or hide from the enemy. Their perception became more and more perfect, the world of living nature perceived by them became more and more diverse.

Imagine that a person is standing on the seashore. The wind throws salt spray in his face. In front of him is an endless blue and a golden sun.
He listens to the sound of the sea, inhales its unique smell. A person feels strong and happy, feels every muscle, his whole body, standing firmly on the ground. A single image is born in his brain - the sea, which he will never forget.

1. ORGANIZATION OF VIEW

Through the organ of vision, a person receives the largest amount of information in comparison with other sense organs. “A tight fishing net, thrown to the bottom of the eyecup and catching the sun's rays” - this is how the wise Greek Herophilus imagined the retina of the eye. The retina, as the scientist proved, is precisely the network and precisely the catching ... separate, unified and indivisible quanta of the radiant energy of the Sun. The quantum nature of absorption and the appearance of radiation has now been established for the entire range of the electromagnetic spectrum. For the first time, the hypothesis about the occurrence of radiation by portions of energy was expressed in 1900 by the scientist Planck (1858-1947)

In terms of sensitivity, the eye approaches an ideal physical device, because. it is impossible to create a device that would register the energy of less than one quantum.

Where h is Planck's constant, equal to 6.624 * 10-27 erg * s
v - radiation frequency, s-1

This unique property eyes were used by scientists - pioneers of atomic and nuclear physics. For centuries, science has been studying the eye, discovering all its new properties and secrets. An unsolved mystery, one of the most difficult and unexplored problems of modern physiology of the sense organs is color vision. It is completely unknown how the brain decodes the color signals that come to it.

The eye is complex optical system. Light rays enter the eye from surrounding objects through the cornea. The cornea in the optical sense is a strong converging lens that focuses light rays diverging in different directions. And optical power the cornea does not change and always gives a constant degree of refraction.
The sclera is opaque outer sheath eyes, respectively, she does not take part in conducting light inside
eyes.
It has been proven that the optics of the eye is just a window into which light quanta fly; that the retina of the eye and the brain make the resulting image clear, voluminous, colored and meaningful

But the human eye cannot perceive radiation in excess of high intensity and distinguish between short signals (up to 0.05 s long).
It is considered that the average human eye in average daylight conditions, it perceives an extremely narrow (compared to the spectrum of possible radiation) wavelength range: from 380 to 780 nm (1 nanometer = 10-9m) or (0.38 × 0.78 μm).
The resolving power of the eye is also very small: the minimum size of an object that can be distinguished by the eye turns out to be about one micrometer (10-6m). That's why We don't see the world as it really is., and new methods and ideas of physics, mathematics, chemistry, biology are the key to future discoveries in this area.

2. ORGANS OF HEARING. SOUND. RESONANCE THEORY OF HEARING

The world is filled with a wide variety of sounds. The noise of the wind and waves, thunder and the chirping of grasshoppers, the singing of birds and the voices of people, the cries of animals and the sounds of traffic - all these sounds are picked up by the auricle and cause the eardrum to vibrate.

The human ear consists of three parts: outer, middle and inner, the structure of each of which, in turn, is a rather complex system. Let's try together to understand this complex process, which we call "hearing".
By using auricle we determine the direction the sound is coming from. The external auditory meatus is an elongated canal, the walls of which produce a liquid substance, better known to us as sulfur. It is designed to remove foreign bodies and preventing the ingress of various insects due to the specific smell. Due to the depth of the external auditory meatus, the temperature and humidity at the tympanic membrane remain almost constant, and the latter retains its mobility. At the same time, the eardrum is well protected from any damage.

Frequency range of sounds perceived by the ear 16-20 to 20000 Hz

Speech frequency range 1200-9000 Hz

The frequency of sound vibrations to which the ear is most sensitive is 1500-3000 Hz

Through the system of sound ossicles of the middle ear, sounds are converted into impulses and transmitted to the perceiving cells of the brain.
How exactly the brain decodes these impulses and “recognizes” the sounds is still unclear to scientists.

But the sounds perceived human ear, are an important source of information, make it easier to adapt to the world around. What is sound, how it arises, propagates, its parameters are studied by a special department of physics - acoustics.
Sound or a sound wave can propagate only in a material environment; it is an elastic wave that causes auditory sensations in a person. More than 20,000 filamentous receptor endings located in the inner ear convert mechanical vibrations into electrical impulses, which are 30,000 fibers each. auditory nerve are transmitted to the human brain and cause auditory sensations in him. We hear air vibrations with a frequency of 16 Hz to 20 kHz per second. 20,000 vibrations per second is the highest sound of the smallest wooden instrument in the orchestra - the piccolo flute, and 16 vibrations corresponds to the sound of the lowest string of the largest bowed instrument - the double bass.
fluctuations vocal cords can create sounds in the range from 80 to 1400 Hz, although record low (44 Hz) and high (2350 Hz) frequencies are recorded.

It has been proven that the length and tension of the vocal cords determines the pitch of the singer's voice. For men, it is (18 × 25) mm (bass - 25 mm, tenor - 18 mm), a in women - (15?20) mm.
In a telephone, for example, a frequency range from 300 Hz to 2 kHz is used to reproduce a human voice. The frequency range of the main oscillation modes of some instruments is shown in the figure:

The first truly scientific theory of hearing was the theory of the remarkable German naturalist, physicist and physiologist Hermann Helmholtz. It is called resonance theory, it was confirmed by hundreds of experiments conducted by many scientists. But in last years, by using electron microscope, some inaccuracies of this theory were revealed, in particular, in the perception of high and low sounds. Helmholtz and the Italian Corti are considered pioneers in the study of hearing, although they took only the first steps. Over the past 100 years, a considerable path has been traveled to the knowledge of the science of hearing, now in question to refine and develop it further. After all, any scientific theory must develop, bring new facts to people. Thus, the range of perception of the hearing organs is limited by small threshold possibilities for the perception of low and high sound intensity, as well as by a small frequency range of perceived sounds.

3. SKIN SENSORS

Surprisingly nice to turn the face fresh wind! On the face, lips, there are many special cells that feel both the coolness of the wind and its pressure. The skin is not only our protection, but also a huge source of information about the world around us, moreover, the source is very reliable. Often we do not believe our ears and eyes, but feel the object - we want to make sure that it is, to find out how it feels to the touch. For all these sensations, there are specialized cells, unevenly "scattered" throughout the body.
The ear perceives only sound, the eye perceives light, and the skin perceives touch and pressure, heat and cold, and finally pain. The main skin sense is touch, the sensation of touch. The tip of the tongue, lips and fingertips are most sensitive to pressure and touch. For example, on the skin of the fingertips, the sensation of touch occurs at a pressure of only 0.028 - 0.170 g per mm2 of skin. Not all skin feels touch, but only its individual points, of which there are about half a million. At each point there is a nerve ending, so even the slightest pressure is transmitted to the nerve and we feel a light touch.

The organs of touch do not allow distinguishing weak stimuli and rather small roughness from each other.
Concentration harmful liquids on the skin and the range of temperature perceived by a person is small and provides only a mode of biological survival of the organism.

3.1. ELECTRICAL RESISTANCE OF BODY TISSUES

The electrical resistance of individual tissue sections depends mainly on the resistance of the skin layer. Through the skin, the current passes mainly through the sweat channels and, in part, sebaceous glands; the current strength depends on the thickness and condition of the surface layer of the skin.
Skin is the outer covering of the body. Its area is about 2 m2. The skin is made up of three main layers. The outer layer - the epidermis - is formed by a multilayer epithelial tissue, which is constantly desquamated and updated due to the reproduction of more deeply located cells. Below the epidermis is a layer connective tissue- dermis. Numerous receptors, sebaceous and sweat glands, hair roots, blood vessels and lymphatic vessels. The deepest layer subcutaneous tissue- formed by adipose tissue, which serves as a "cushion" for organs, an insulating layer, a "warehouse" nutrients and energy.
The main function of the skin is protective, protection from mechanical influences, an obstacle to the ingress of foreign substances, pathogenic microbes into the body.
Electrical resistance human body It is determined mainly by the resistance of the superficial stratum corneum of the skin - the epidermis. Thin, delicate and especially sweaty or moist skin, as well as skin with a damaged outer layer of the epidermis, conducts well electricity. Dry, rough skin is a very poor conductor. Depending on the condition of the skin and the path of the current, as well as the value of the voltage, the resistance of the human body ranges from 0.5-1 to 100 kOhm.

4. THE ORGANISM OF SMELL

How can you describe the smell of freshness, how can you explain the difference between the smell of a rose and a rotten egg? You can describe it if you compare it with another familiar smell! There are physical instruments for measuring the strength of current and the strength of light, but there is no measure by which it would be possible to determine and measure the strength of the smell. Although such a device is very necessary and modern chemistry, and perfumery, and Food Industry and many other branches of science and practice.


We know surprisingly little about the natural olfactory organ, the odor-catching organ.

There is still no theory of smell perception, there is no law. So far, there are only experiments and scientific hypotheses, although the very first step towards understanding the smell was taken 2 thousand years ago. The great Lucretius Car proposed an explanation for the sense of smell: every odorous substance emits tiny molecules of a certain shape.

5. ORGANE OF TASTE

Taste is a complex concept, not only the tongue feels “delicious”. Taste fragrant melon It also depends on the scent. The tactile cells in the mouth provide a new taste flavor, such as astringent taste unripe fruits.

Taste in the mouth is perceived by taste buds - microscopic formations in the mucous membrane of the tongue. A person has several thousand of them in his mouth. Each bulb consists of 10–15 taste cells located in it like orange slices. Experimenters have learned to register a weak bioelectric reaction of individual taste cells by introducing the thinnest microelectrode into them. It turned out that some cells react to several tastes at once, while others only respond to one.

But it is not clear how the brain understands all this mass of impulses that carry information about taste: bitter or sweet, bitter-salty or sour-sweet. The first classification of tastes was proposed by M. V. Lomonosov. He counted seven simple tastes, of which only four are now generally accepted: sweet, salty, sour, and bitter. These are simple, most primary tastes, they have no aftertaste. Different areas of the tongue in a person sense taste differently.

At the tip of the tongue there is a cluster of "sweet" bulbs, so sweet ice cream should be tasted with the tip of the tongue. The back edge of the tongue is responsible for the acid, and its front edge is responsible for the salt. Feels bitter radish back wall language. But we feel the taste of food with our whole tongue. Along with the bitter medicine, the doctor ascribes some other one that discourages bad taste, because from two tastes you can get a third, not like either one or the other. The most important problem of the science of taste is to find the relationship between the molecular structure of the taste cell, the physicochemical nature of the substance and the taste itself. And to the question: "What is the limited range of perception of the organ of taste?" it can be answered that for him the nature of the sensitivity to only a limited set of substances and chemical compounds consumed by the human body. But man is a biological being, all his sense organs were formed during a long evolution, so the range of their perception was sufficient for adaptation to life in earthly conditions. But the narrow range of perception of the sense organs in comparison with the variety of natural information signals has always been a brake on the development of scientific ideas about the world around us.

But man is a biological being, all his sense organs were formed during a long evolution, so the range of their perception was sufficient for adaptation to life in earthly conditions. But the narrow range of perception of the sense organs in comparison with the variety of natural information signals has always been a brake on the development of scientific ideas about the world around us.

6. SENSE ORGANS AND THE PROCESS OF KNOWLEDGE

A person receives a limited amount of information from each sense organ. Therefore, the process of cognition of the surrounding world can be compared with the situation that arose in the parable of the five blind men, each of whom tried to imagine what an elephant is.
The first blind man climbed onto the elephant's back and thought it was a wall. The second, feeling the elephant's leg, decided that it was a column. The third picked up the trunk and mistook it for a pipe. The blind man who touched the tusk thought it was a saber. And the last one, stroking the elephant's tail, thought it was a rope.

Similarly, the lack of sensory perceptions leads to contradictory and ambiguous ideas about the structure of the surrounding world. Life experience turns out to be insufficient in the study of phenomena determined by time intervals and spatial dimensions that are inaccessible to observation. Under such conditions Additional Information obtained by experimental facilities, which can be used to expand the range of received signals, and by paradoxical physical theories that describe the basic laws of physical phenomena.And, despite the limited range of perception, a person is trying to determine the structure of matter and understand the nature of numerous effects outside the vibration ranges accessible to the senses.

Even in ancient times, people began to notice that a person tends to perceive the information surrounding him differently. This perception is carried out with the help of the sense organs. Thanks to them, a person gets a complete picture of his environment. The question arises: how many sense organs does a person have.

It is believed to be five. They tend to respond to a variety of external factors. These are the sense organs, which will be discussed in the article.

Characteristic

The main sense organs are:

1. Eyes - with their help everything that a person sees (vision) is accepted;
2. Nose - recognizes pleasant and unpleasant odors(smell);
3. Ears - perceive vibrations of sounds and take part in the regulation of balance (hearing);
4. Tongue - is responsible for all kinds of taste sensations (taste);
5. Skin - sensitive here nerve endings allow you to feel touch (touch).

These 5 sense organs are conventionally divided into two groups:

1. Tactile - they can be called simple in their nature of impact. It is touch and taste. Because the initial stage of information processing by the brain is carried out when direct contact;
2. Remote - this is sight, hearing, smell. Everything represented by these feelings, the individual perceives remotely. Certain parts of the brain are responsible for creating images and evaluating what they see. At the same time, intricate analytical chains are built.

Let's take a look at each.

Vision

The eyes are considered the most beautiful of the sense organs, they are also called the “mirror of the soul”. They provide 90% of the information about everything around and what is happening. Even in the womb of the fetus, the eyes are formed from two small pimples that emerge from the brain.

In the form of nerve signals, the presented image is sent to the brain center, where they are decoded, assessed and understood.

With the help of six separate muscles, the eye can rotate in different directions and be directed to any object. I would like to note that visual acuity or the ability of the lens and cornea to refraction of light depends on refraction. When rays of light enter the eye, they begin to focus on the retina, forming an image.

excitation in the retina nerve cells leads to education different kind impulses depending on the color and brightness of the light, which are examined and analyzed by the brain. Then everything is folded into human-readable pictures and views.

Hearing

Human ears are made up of three sections:

1. outdoor;
2. Medium;
3. internal.

They act not only as an auditory organ, but also establish the balance and position of the body.

The outer ear starts from the auricle. She conscientiously protects the ear canal from injury. Hairs and special glands are seen in the ear canal. The latter secrete sulfur in order to protect ear canal from the smallest specks.

The functions of the auricle do not end there. It not only protects the ear from negative impacts, but also works as a catching device - with its help, sound vibrations are sent straight to the eardrum.

The middle ear contains the hammer, anvil, and stirrup. With their help, the tympanic membrane communicates with the inner ear, where the cochlea is comfortably located - an important auditory organ. The vibration of the tympanic membrane transforms into nerve impulses which are sent to the brain and read as sound there.

Smell

The air cavities of the skull are closely connected with the nasal passages. Smells are sensed by olfactory nerves, much like hairs, which are located in the upper part of the nasal cavity. With the next breath of air, they delay and examine the incoming molecules. Capture and perfectly determine the smells hovering in the air. Further, they quickly and clearly transmit the received information to the olfactory bulbs, which are associated with the brain center.

Those who like to drag on a cigarette are likely to have an impaired sense of smell. And for allergic or colds it can change for the worse until the body recovers completely. Irreversible loss of smell occurs when a nerve is damaged (for example, with an injury cranium) or in the pathology of the part of the brain that is responsible for the recognition of odors.

Taste

With a detailed examination, we can safely say that the main taste buds are the taste pimples. They're in in large numbers located on the surface of the tongue in protruding soft papillae. There are four main taste sensations:

1. Sweet;
2. Sour;
3. Salty;
4. Bitter.

Taste buds that determine each of the above sensations are located on specific parts of the tongue:

1. On the back - bitter;
2. On the sides - sour;
3. On the front - salty;
4. The end is sweet.

It is noticed that taste and smell are interconnected - this helps to capture different aromas. Badly developed body sense of smell or loss of its functions impairs the sense of taste.

Touch

Touch means everything. skin sensations. They are sent from receptive and specific receptors of nerve endings along the nerves themselves, which are immersed at different distances and depths, into the thickness skin.

Free nerve endings respond to touch slight increase temperature and cold. Some respond to vibration and stretch (closed nerve endings), while others instantly respond to pressure. Thermoreceptors respond to the sensation of heat and cold and rush to send a signal to a certain part of the brain to regulate body temperature without fail.

With a disease that destroys nerve fibers, peripheral system nerves or brain Great chance deterioration in the sense of touch. To such backfire may cause local damage to skin receptors.

Well-developed sense organs given to us from birth are wonderful helpers in human life. They promote good orientation and adaptation to the environment. Each feeling is unique in its own way and necessary for a full and vibrant life.

Humans have five basic senses: touch, sight, hearing, smell and taste. The connected sense organs send information to the brain to help us understand and perceive the world around us. People also have other senses in addition to the main five. Here's how they work.

People have many senses. But traditionally the five human senses are recognized as sight, hearing, taste, smell and touch. There is also the ability to detect stimuli other than those regulated by these most widely recognized senses, and these sensory modalities include temperature (thermal detection), kinesthetic sense (proprioception), pain (nociception), balance, vibration (mechanoception), and various internal stimuli (e.g. , different chemoreceptors for detecting salt concentration and carbon dioxide in the blood, hunger and thirst).

Having made these remarks, let's look at the basic five human senses:

The sense of touch is considered the first sense that humans develop, according to the Stanford Encyclopedia. The sense of touch is made up of several different sensations, transmitted to the brain through specialized neurons in the skin. Pressure, temperature, light touch, vibration, pain and other sensations are part of the sense of touch and are all attributed to various receptors on the skin.

Touch is not just a sense used to interact with the world; it also seems to be very important for a person's well-being. For example, touch as compassion of one person to another.

This is the sense by which we distinguish the various qualities of bodies: such as warm and cold, hardness and softness, roughness and smoothness.

Seeing or perceiving with the eyes is a complex process. First, light is reflected from the object to the eye. The transparent outer layer of the eye, called the cornea, bends light as it passes through the pupil. The pupil (which is the colored part of the eye) works like a camera shutter, shrinking to let in less light or opening wider to let in more light.

The cornea focuses most light, and then the light passes through the lens, which continues to focus the light.

The lens of the eye then bends the light and focuses it on the retina, which is full of nerve cells. These cells are shaped like rods and cones and are named after their shapes. The cones translate light into colors, central vision and detail. The wands also give people vision when there is limited light, such as at night. Information translated from light is sent as electrical impulses to the brain via optic nerve.

Hearing works through the complex labyrinth that is the human ear. Sound is routed through outer ear and fed into the external auditory canal. The sound waves then reach the eardrum. It is a thin sheet of connective tissue that vibrates when sound waves reach it.

Vibrations travel to the middle ear. The auditory ossicles vibrate there—three tiny bones called the malleus (hammer), incus (anvil), and stapes (stirrup).

People maintain their sense of balance because the eustachian tube, or pharyngo-matian tube, in the middle ear equalizes air pressure with atmospheric pressure. The vestibular complex in the inner ear is also important for balance because it contains receptors that regulate the sense of balance. inner ear connected to the vestibulocochlear nerve, which transmits sound and balance information to the brain.

The sense of smell, through which we distinguish odors, different kinds which convey different impressions to the mind. animal organs and plant origin, as well as most other bodies, when exposed to air, constantly send out odors, as well as a state of life and growth, as in a state of fermentation and putrefaction. These effluvia, drawn into the nostrils along with the air, are the means by which all bodies exude.

According to researchers, humans can smell more than 1 trillion scents. They do this with the olfactory fissure, which is located at the top of the nasal cavity, next to the olfactory bulb and fossa. The nerve endings in the olfactory fissure transmit odors to the brain.

In fact, a poor sense of smell in humans may be a symptom of a medical condition or aging. For example, a distorted or reduced ability to smell is a symptom of schizophrenia and depression. Old age can also reduce this ability. According to data published in 2006 by the National Institutes of Health, more than 75 percent of people over the age of 80 may have severe olfactory disorders.

Taste is usually classified into the perception of four different tastes: salty, sweet, sour, and bitter. There may be many other flavors that have not yet been discovered. In addition, spicy, the taste is not.

The sense of taste helps people to check the food they eat. A bitter or sour taste indicates that the plant may be poisonous or rotten. Something salty or sweet, however, often means the food is rich in nutrients.

Taste is felt in the taste buds. Adults have between 2,000 and 4,000 taste buds. Most of them are on the tongue, but they also extend the back of the throat, epiglottis, nasal cavity, and esophagus.

It is a myth that the tongue has specific zones for each flavor. The five tastes can be felt in all parts of the tongue, although the sides are more sensitive than the middle. About half of the sensory cells in taste buds respond to several of the five basic tastes.

Cells differ in the level of sensitivity. Each has a specific palette of tastes with a fixed ranking, so some cells may be more sensitive to sweet, followed by bitter, sour, and salty. Full picture flavor is produced only after all the information from different parts language is merged.

In this painting by Pietro Paolini, each individual represents one of the five human senses.

sixth sense of man

In addition to the traditional big five, there is a sixth human sense, the sense of space, which is about how the brain understands where your body is in space. This sense is called proprioception.

Proprioception involves the sense of movement and position of our limbs and muscles. For example, proprioception allows a person to touch the tip of their nose with their finger even when their eyes are closed. This allows a person to climb the steps without looking at each one. People with poor proprioception can be clumsy.

Researchers at the National Institutes of Health (NIH) have found that people who have particularly poor proprioception, like feeling when someone is pressing on your skin (may have a mutated gene that is passed down from generation to generation) may not work, so their neurons cannot detect touch or limb movements.

People's Feelings: List

Here is a list of other human senses regarding the main five senses:

• Pressure
• Temperature
• Thirst
• Hunger
• Direction
• Time
• muscle tension
• Proprioception (the ability to recognize your body in detail, relative to other body parts)
• Sense of balance (the ability to balance and feel the movement of the body in terms of acceleration and change of direction)
• Stretch receptors (these are found in places such as the lungs, bladder, stomach, blood vessels, and gastrointestinal tract.)
• Chemoreceptors (this is the trigger medulla oblongata in the brain, which is involved in the detection of blood. It is also involved in reflex vomiting.)

Subtle human feelings

There are more subtle human feelings that most people never perceive. For example, there are neuron sensors that sense movement to control balance and head tilt. Specific kinesthetic receptors exist to detect stretch in muscles and tendons, helping people keep track of their limbs. Other receptors detect oxygen levels in certain blood flow arteries.

Sometimes people don't even perceive feelings in the same way. For example, people with synesthesia may see sounds as colors or associate certain sights with smells.