Hormonal pills for n. The latest birth control pills: freedom of choice. Hormonal and non-hormonal, used after the act. Which of them is better to use? Surgical methods of contraception

Today, there are many ways to prevent unwanted pregnancy. A wide selection allows you to choose the most suitable for each woman contraceptives. In an irregular relationship, it is also important to take care of protection. How to decide on the method of contraception and what to look for when choosing? Let's try to understand this issue in more detail.

Why is contraception necessary?

Every woman sooner or later thinks about how to avoid unwanted pregnancy. At the same time, it is absolutely not necessary to exclude love joys from life, which, by the way, negatively affects psycho-emotional state. Modern medicine currently offers a large number of most different ways contraception.

The use of contraceptives helps to preserve women's health and reproductive function. The selection of the optimal method should be done by a gynecologist, since the age, anamnesis and regularity of the patient's sexual life are taken into account.

What are the contraceptives?

To protect against unwanted pregnancy, there are many types of contraception, each of which is suitable in a particular situation. They are usually divided into traditional and modern. The former include coitus interruptus, barrier methods (condoms, diaphragm), spermicides, non-hormonal agents and a biological (calendar) method of protection.

Modern types of prevention of egg fertilization are the most popular, as they give an almost 100% guarantee. These include hormonal IUDs (intrauterine devices), injections, vaginal rings. Each method has its own indications, side effects and contraindications. Therefore, without consulting a specialist, it is unlikely that it will be possible to choose effective contraceptives.

Hormonal methods of contraception

The most common and reliable are based on female hormones (synthetic analogues) - estrogen and progesterone. Some may be single-component and contain only progesterone, in which case they are called mini-pills. They are the most gentle for the body. Combined contraceptives may contain various doses the main active ingredient.

The action of hormonal agents to protect against unwanted pregnancy is to block the maturation of the egg and the onset of ovulation. Mini-pills affect only the uterine mucosa, making it looser, and the excreted secret becomes viscous. This prevents the sperm from fertilizing the egg. Pregnancy planning can begin as early as 2-3 months after the end of taking birth control pills, when the reproductive function is fully restored.

Benefits of hormonal drugs

The past generation of hormonal pills had a number side effects, which caused many women to abandon their use. The latest contraceptives are well tolerated by the body and practically devoid of unpleasant consequences of use. They are produced in patches, injections, vaginal rings and hormonal implants.

Oral contraceptives containing one type of hormone (mini-pill) are allowed to be taken during lactation. The components of the medicine do not affect the baby's body. For normalization menstrual cycle or medical abortion, women are advised to take combination drugs. They allow not only to further prevent the fertilization of the egg, but also to protect against inflammatory diseases.

The benefits of hormonal drugs include the elimination of skin problems. Sex hormones are known to affect sebum production. If a violation occurs, male hormones begin to be produced in more than women's, and, as a result, acne appears on the skin.

Quite often, women are prescribed for the treatment of polycystic ovaries and the elimination of severe pain during menstruation. It has been scientifically proven that such drugs have a preventive effect and significantly reduce the risk of developing oncology of the mammary glands, uterus, ovaries, and also prevent mastopathy, endometriosis and fibromyoma.

Contraindications

You should carefully study the list of contraindications for taking to prevent pregnancy. The main factors prohibiting the use of oral contraceptives are:

Cardiovascular diseases (ischemic disease, hypertension, stroke, heart attack), venous pathologies.
Kidney diseases.
Oncology.
The last stages of obesity.
Autoimmune diseases.
Benign neoplasms.
Venereal diseases.
Vaginal bleeding in the intermenstrual period of unknown etiology.
Pregnancy.
Diabetes.

Each drug has its own list of contraindications, and therefore you should seek the help of a specialist who will help you choose the right hormonal contraceptives. With an irregular relationship, such drugs can also be abandoned. Non-hormonal contraceptives are the most suitable method protection against unwanted pregnancy if sexual contacts occur less than once a week.

The mechanism of action of non-hormonal contraceptives

Non-hormonal methods are very relevant during lactation, with irregular sexual relations, or if hormonal drugs are not allowed to be taken. The action of such funds is based on the destruction or damage of spermatozoa. Non-hormonal contraceptives reviews are very diverse. For some women, this is the best and safe way family planning, while others are completely untrustworthy.

The composition of non-hormonal preparations contains special substances - spermicides, which contribute to damage to the membrane of spermatozoa, which provokes their death. The active ingredient can be nonoxynol, benzalkonium chloride. Substances form a thin film on the mucous surface of the vagina, performing protective function, as well as contributing to the thickening of mucous secretions. Non-hormonal contraceptives are injected directly into the vagina, where they begin to act within 10-15 minutes. That is why they are referred to as barrier methods of contraception.

Are non-hormonal remedies effective?

Non-hormonal contraceptives cope with the task in only 80% of cases. For women who are active sexual life, this method is not reliable. Local protection is suitable for irregular contacts, the impossibility of using oral contraceptives and an intrauterine hormonal device, some diseases of the female genital organs, endocrine pathologies, during breastfeeding.

The main advantage of non-hormonal remedies is absolute safety for health and the absence of serious side effects (in rare cases, itching is possible). A woman may not worry that she has not taken a pill, as is the case with hormonal drugs, because the funds are used immediately before sexual contact.

Disadvantages of non-hormonal drugs

The disadvantages of non-hormonal contraceptives include:

Introduction before coitus - it is necessary to accurately control the process and inject the drug no later than 10 minutes before contact.
It is forbidden to take a shower immediately: soap neutralizes the acidic environment in the vagina created by the product. In the annotation to the preparations you can find information that hygiene procedures allowed only 2-3 hours after unprotected contact.
Short-term effect of the drug - the protection created by the drug lasts for 3-4 hours, that is, it is recommended to introduce a new tablet before the next contact, because reliable protection the first will not provide.
The appearance of itching - some women note that after the introduction of the drug into the vagina, itching appears (an allergic reaction).
Intolerance to the components that make up the drug - in this case, do not use a contraceptive.

Types of non-hormonal contraceptives

Non-hormonal contraceptives in recent times are becoming more and more popular due to their security. They are classified according to the form of release (tablets, suppositories, creams, tampons, vaginal balls, aerosols) and the main active ingredient. Despite some differences, the main effect of the drugs will be the same. A wide selection of drugs allows a woman to choose the most suitable and easy-to-use contraception. It is recommended that you first read the annotation, which will indicate the method of administration of the drug and the duration of the effect.

Non-hormonal contraceptive pills

Girls and women who have contraindications to the use of hormonal contraceptives and who do not want to influence the hormonal background can use local contraceptive pills or suppositories. These are the most easy-to-use spermicide-based protection products.

Non-hormonal birth control pills in irregular relationships - this is an ideal protection against unwanted pregnancy and sexually transmitted diseases for women. Quite often, they are used by girls who are afraid of side effects of oral contraceptives or, due to health reasons, cannot use other methods. Vaginal tablets can be selected independently or with the help of a gynecologist. Some manufacturers recommend combining them with other protection methods, such as a diaphragm.

The following non-hormonal contraceptives (for women) are most effective:

"Benatex";
"Pharmatex";
"Patentex Oval";
"Traceptin";
"Conceptor".

Some of the listed drugs are based on the substance nonoxynol, which can somewhat prolong love joys by reducing sensitivity, others are benzalkonium chloride. In terms of effectiveness and mechanism of action, the drugs do not differ. A remedy should be preferred, to the components of which the woman will not have an allergic reaction in the form of burning and itching.

Pharmatex

Currently, the drug "Pharmatex" is the most popular among non-hormonal methods of contraception. The active ingredient is benzalkonium chloride, a medicinal antiseptic with antifungal and contraceptive effects. At the local level, the drug destroys spermatozoa and enhances the secretion of a viscous secret, like other non-hormonal contraceptives.

With an irregular relationship, Farmateks candles will be the most convenient option for protection. Also, the drug is available in the form of a cream, vaginal tablets and capsules, tampons. Candles are valid for 4 hours, tablets - no more than 3. The manufacturer recommends introducing a new candle (tablet, capsule) with each subsequent sexual intercourse.

According to studies, "Pharmatex" can protect against gonococcus, chlamydia, Trichomonas, herpes virus type 2. At the same time, the remedy does not have a detrimental effect on the microflora of the vagina and does not change the normal level of acidity.

"Patentex Oval"

When safe contraception is needed, non-hormonal yet effective contraceptives are selected. With irregular relationships, many women use a nonoxynol-based remedy - Patentex Oval. Its efficiency is from 80 to 90%. The drug is released in the form of vaginal foaming suppositories, which must be administered before sexual intercourse. In addition to protecting against unwanted pregnancy, suppositories provide antifungal and antiviral effects, that is, they protect a woman from many diseases transmitted through unprotected sexual contact.

Contraceptives after exposure

The method of emergency contraception is resorted to if sexual intercourse was completely unprotected. In order to definitely protect yourself from an unwanted pregnancy, it is recommended to take a contraceptive. After the act, no more than three days should pass.

One-time contraception is based on blocking the release of a mature egg from the ovary and preventing attachment to the uterine wall in case of fertilization. Doctors advise resorting to this method only in the most extreme situations. Popular remedies from this category include Postinor, Escapelle, Zhenale.

A long time ago, more than one or even two children were born in Russian families. A family in which there are “seven on benches” and a mother in the process of demolition is a typical example of the way of pre-revolutionary life. One hundred years ago, almost all of a woman reproductive period was in two states - pregnancy and lactation, and the latter smoothly flowed into the next interesting position.

Whether it's good or bad, but in modern families there are much fewer heirs. One or two children are considered normal. And in order not to exceed the upper limit, a healthy woman needs to take contraception seriously.

In the contraceptive arsenal today, there are about a dozen methods of preventing unwanted pregnancies. Almost the most popular way is the use of birth control pills.

How effective and safe is contraception using pills? Who shouldn't rely on this method? And in general, what should be understood by the term "contraceptive pills"? Every woman should own these concepts no worse than a local gynecologist - after all, health sometimes depends on this knowledge. Well, let's figure it out together.

Contraceptive pills: both orally and vaginally

The concept of "contraceptive pills" includes two absolutely different categories medicines:

- hormonal contraceptives, which are based on synthetic hormones;

- local spermicides in tablets. The action of these contraceptives is based on the spermicidal effect, which is achieved with topical, vaginal application.

Of course, the greatest interest from the point of view pharmacological effect constitute hormonal agents. With them, we will begin our acquaintance with contraceptives.

Hormonal contraception: origins

Already in late XIX century it became known that the development of follicles and ovulation is completely suppressed during pregnancy, and the reason for this is high concentration corpus luteum hormones. In the 1920s, Ludwig Haberlandt proposed the use of such substances as contraceptives. In the next ten years, three estrogens were synthesized: estrone, estriol and estradiol, and at the end of 1929 scientists identified progesterone.

Probably, the first hormonal contraceptive pills would have appeared ten years earlier, if not for the problem with the synthesis of progesterone. It was mastered only in 1941, after which it was the turn of other progesterone drugs - norethisterone and norethindrone. That's when these substances got common name progestogens (or progestins), which emphasized progesterone-like properties.

In the early 50s, scientists began experimenting with hormonal drugs. The first pancake came out lumpy: the use of hormonal pills for the treatment of infertility did not give results. But it was found that in women taking these drugs, ovulation was suppressed. It took researchers another 5 years to select the right formula, and in 1957 the first hormonal contraceptive drug was released. As early as 1960, 0.5 million American women were taking these pills. The era of hormonal contraceptives has begun.

Pharmacological effect of hormonal pills

The action of contraceptive hormonal drugs does not depend on the composition and dosage. The contraceptive effect is achieved by influencing a complex reproductive chain, which includes the pituitary gland, hypothalamus, ovaries, uterus, and even fallopian tubes.

First of all, hormonal contraceptives suppress the production of releasing hormones by the hypothalamus, resulting in a decrease in the gonadotropic function of the pituitary gland. Due to this, ovulation is inhibited, and temporary sterility occurs.

Secondly, hormonal pills suppress ovarian function: estrogen synthesis is almost halved, and the ovaries even decrease in size.

Thirdly, under the influence of hormonal drugs, the properties of cervical mucus, which becomes very difficult for spermatozoa.

Fourth, the peristalsis of the fallopian tubes slows down significantly. A miraculously mature egg is unlikely to be able to get out of the long, inactive fallopian tubes and, most likely, will be doomed to death.

And fifthly, the endometrium changes, which quickly regresses and does not reach the thickness necessary for the implantation of a fertilized egg. This mechanism serves as additional protection - even if conception has occurred, the embryo simply cannot attach to the uterine wall.

The effectiveness of contraceptive drugs is evaluated using a single indicator - the Pearl index. It is equal to the number of pregnancies in one year in 100 women who used a particular method of contraception. The Pearl Index of hormonal contraceptives rarely exceeds 3-4% and fluctuates around 1%.

Hormone Dosage: Then and Now

The first hormonal contraceptives contained simply lethal doses of hormones: 150 micrograms of estrogen and 9.35 mg of progestogen. In 1964, it was possible to reduce the concentration of active substances to 100 micrograms and 2 mg, respectively. However, these dosages were far from perfect.

The next step was the release of hormonal contraceptives containing 50 micrograms of estrogen. Scientists came to the conclusion that lowering the dose of hormones does not affect the effectiveness of the drug, but it greatly reduces side effects.

In the 1970s, the upward trend in the use of hormonal contraceptives stopped. This was led to pronounced adverse events in the form of thromboembolism (blockage of blood vessels by blood clots), especially in smoking women. Pharmacists had no choice but to develop new low-dose drugs. And it succeeded.

Birth control pills new, latest generation contain less than 35 micrograms of estrogen - the component that causes most side effects. In addition, highly active progestogens have been synthesized, including drospirenone, desogestrel, gestodene, and others. With these advances, low-dose hormonal medications have a very high safety profile and a low likelihood of side effects. Nevertheless, when choosing a contraceptive drug, you need to be vigilant, given the many nuances. However, more on that later.

Classification of hormonal contraceptives

All hormonal drugs can be divided into three large groups:

- combined lanes oral contraceptives(COOK).
Such tablets contain both components: both estrogen and progestogen;

- progestin preparations - mini-pill.
Monocomponent means, which include only gestagen.

- emergency contraceptives.
These contraceptives contain extremely high doses of hormones and are intended for urgent, that is, urgent contraception.

Each of the groups of hormonal pills has its own advantages and disadvantages, on the basis of which the conclusion is based on the appointment of a particular remedy.

KOC: positive aspects

Undoubtedly, the most common hormonal pills are combined contraceptives. They have a lot of positive aspects, including:

high contraceptive effect;
excellent tolerance;
ease of use;
reversibility of action;
safety;
therapeutic action;
preventive action.

To understand all the advantages of contraceptive hormonal drugs, we will consider each criterion in detail.

Efficacy and tolerability of combined contraceptives

The Pearl Index KOC ranges from 0.1-5%. The average statistics state that the probability of pregnancy with the constant use of hormonal pills during the year does not exceed 1%. Thus, the effectiveness of combined contraceptive pills reaches 99%. An indispensable condition for achieving such results, of course, is compliance with the dosing regimen.

Oral combined contraceptives are generally well tolerated. Side effects develop, as a rule, in the first months of taking, and notice that they decrease on their own and completely disappear.

Types of combined hormonal pills

Depending on the qualitative composition, COCs are divided into three groups:

- monophasic drugs.
These drugs contain estrogen and progestogen in the same dosage. Regardless of the phase of the menstrual cycle, the same amount of hormones enters the body. Tablets of monophasic COCs are painted in one color.

These monophasic contraceptive drugs include most of the modern low-dose COCs: Logest, Silest, Janine, Microgynon, Lindinet-20 and Lindinet-30, Regulon, Diana, Yarina, Jess and others;

- biphasic drugs.
Biphasic COC tablets are divided into two groups: the first contains more estrogen, and the second - progestogen. For ease of administration, the tablets are colored in two colors. Biphasic COCs are rarely used;

- triphasic preparations.
A package of a three-phase COC contains three groups of tablets, the level of hormones in which changes approximately in the same way as in a physiological menstrual cycle. Each group of tablets is coated with its own color. Triphasic preparations are considered the most adapted to natural cycle women. Among the modern representatives of this group, we note Tri-merci, Tri-regol, Triziston.

Rules for taking birth control pills

The first and main rule, on which both the effectiveness and side effects of COCs depend, is the regularity of intake. Forgetfulness - main enemy any contraceptives, and hormonal in particular.

We list the main postulates that every woman who takes hormonal contraceptives should remember:

1. It is better to start taking contraceptive drugs on the first day of a new cycle, although it is also allowed in the first 5-7 days from the onset of menstruation. Some experts recommend starting treatment on some convenient day for counting, for example, on Sunday. If a woman needs immediate therapy, you can drink the first tablet immediately after the complete exclusion of pregnancy;

2. It is better to take medicine at the same time. Ideally, you should associate the reception with some kind of ritually repetitive action, for example, evening dress or dinner. Although there are no specific recommendations on the best time of day to take the pill, many doctors advise taking COCs at night. This is due to the fact that at the beginning of treatment there is a possibility of mild nausea, which practically does not annoy during sleep;

3. In the first cycle of taking COCs, additional contraceptive measures should be used: according to some reports, the effectiveness of hormonal contraceptive pills reaches a maximum only after 2-4 weeks of continuous use;

4. After a 21-day intake, a 7-day break follows, during which menstrual-like bleeding occurs. On the eighth day of withdrawal, you should start taking the first tablet of a new treatment cycle. If within a week after the abolition of COC menstruation has not occurred, the next package is still not canceled. However, in such a situation, it is better to seek advice from your doctor: you need to exclude pregnancy and gynecological pathologies;

5. If there was vomiting within four hours after taking the pill, the contraceptive effect is reduced. In such cases, it is better to use an additional method of contraception until the end of the cycle. Usually, the barrier method is considered the best "safety" method, which involves the use of a banal, but true condom;

6. If bleeding occurs while taking COCs, treatment should be continued. Some experts recommend that patients who bleed more than 4 days start taking an additional COC tablet (eg, morning). As a rule, 2-3 additional tablets are enough to restore the normal picture. After stopping the bleeding, you should take another 2-4 days for half the additional dose, and then switch to the standard course of treatment. If, despite the measures taken, the bleeding continues, you will have to see a gynecologist;

7. Patients who take COCs for a long time need to undergo periodic examinations by a gynecologist with monitoring of the condition of the mammary glands.

What if memory fails?

Every woman, no doubt, knows about the regularity of taking hormonal contraceptive pills. But the girl's memory is fragile: there are gaps and gaps in it. What to do with forgetful patients? Moaning: “All is lost!”? Or ... Of course, act! Depending on how many birth control pills the patient missed:

- if no more than 12 hours have passed since the last pill was taken, you need to take the next one immediately after memory recovery and calm down. The contraceptive effect will not change;

- if the interval between doses was more than 12 hours, you must take the next pill, regardless of the time of day, and then continue according to the schedule. The scheme does not change, even if you have to drink two tablets a day;

- if two doses were missed, that is, the interval between doses was more than 24 hours, you need to take two tablets at once and drink two more doses the next day. It should be borne in mind that in such cases, bleeding may occur;

- if the memory was lost for a long time, and this led to the skipping of three or more pills, the likelihood of spotting is very high. Of course, you can forget about the contraceptive effect, and it’s even better to remember where the condoms are. However, what to do with COC? Doctors recommend taking two tablets for the first three days, then switch to standard scheme. There is a second way out of the situation: to abandon the old packaging altogether and start from scratch, that is, with a new KOC packaging, for example, next Sunday.

If everything is taken and canceled: the reversibility of COC action

Contraception involves deliberate family planning. And someday there comes a time when a woman would gladly start taking germ pills, if such existed. The purchase of new packs of hormonal contraceptives is postponed indefinitely. The only question that worries a woman is when can you get down to business?

The action of combined hormonal contraceptives is reversible, and this, of course, can be attributed to the important advantages of such drugs. In most cases, in the first 1–3 months after the abolition of COCs, healthy women fully restored ovulatory menstrual cycle. Maximum period recovery is 12 months.

There is information about the so-called withdrawal syndrome or rebound effect that occurs after stopping the use of hormonal contraceptives. The ovaries, which have been “resting” for quite a long time, begin to work actively and fruitfully immediately after recovery from “hibernation”. The result of such work is the maturation of the follicles and the release of an egg ready for battle, hungry for action. According to the theory based on the COC withdrawal syndrome, the probability of pregnancy in the first 1-2 months after stopping treatment with hormonal pills is much higher than in the standard cycle.

However, some experts believe that healthy pregnancy Still need normalization of hormonal levels. Many gynecologists insist that conception should occur several months after hormone withdrawal.

Therapeutic effects of COCs: birth control pill therapy

In addition to the contraceptive effect, hormonal preparations also have a proven therapeutic effect, and in this capacity, COCs containing both estrogen and progestogen are mainly used. Consider the main indications for the appointment of combined contraceptives.

Dysfunctional uterine bleeding

Intermenstrual uterine bleeding, not associated with pregnancy and organic pathology, is considered to be dysfunctional. Their main cause lies in a hormonal imbalance caused by a malfunction in the complex circuit of the hypothalamus-pituitary gland-ovaries. It has been proven that long-term use of COCs contributes to the normalization of hormonal levels and the cessation of dysfunctional bleeding.

endocrine infertility

As we have already said, in some cases COCs are used for the sake of the rebound effect. Some endocrinologists believe that if endocrine infertility is suspected, it is first necessary to start treatment with combined contraceptives. If pregnancy does not occur after the abolition of COCs, then proceed to ovulation stimulants.

Premenstrual syndrome

For PMS treatment prescribe modern low-dose contraceptives, including Novinet, Median, Silhouette, Lindinet, Mercilon, Jeanine, Dimia and other drugs. Symptoms characteristic of premenstrual syndrome, irritability, weakness, swelling, pain in the back, chest, headaches - disappear after 1-2 months of treatment.

endometriosis

Endometriosis is a fairly common disease that can be one of the causes of infertility. With this pathology, a tissue similar to the endometrium (the tissue of the inner lining of the uterus) grows in the pelvis. COCs are recognized as one of the treatment options for endometriosis. As a rule, these drugs are prescribed in long courses for a period of at least 12 months.

Among the contraceptives that are most often used for the treatment of endometriosis are Marvelon, Femoden, Regulon, Microgynon, Logest and others.

Hyperandrogenism

A condition that is accompanied by an increased content of testosterone in the blood - hyperandrogenism - manifests itself alongside bright symptoms. These include excessive hair on the face and body in women, acne (acne) and seborrhea.

The drugs of choice for the treatment of mild and moderate forms of hyperandrogenism include COCs with an antiandrogenic effect. This action is inherent in the gestagen, which is part of some combined contraceptives, namely Diana, Zhanin, Yarina and some others.

Separate words deserve a drug with a powerful antiandrogenic and antimineralocorticoid effect - Yarina. As a progestogen, these tablets use drospirenone, which not only helps to reduce testosterone levels, but also reduces swelling. Therefore, the likelihood of weight gain when taking Yarina is minimal.

With acne and seborrhea in adolescents, a three-phase COC Tri-merci is prescribed, which is able to reduce testosterone levels three times.

And the last. The antiandrogenic effect is achieved after three months of constant use of COCs, so contraceptives in order to get rid of acne will have to be taken for a long time.

COC: not only treatment, but also prevention

Combined contraceptives are also additional prevention gynecological diseases.

Inflammatory diseases

It has been proven that regular use of COCs reduces the likelihood of developing an inflammatory process in the small pelvis. This effect is achieved through:

increase the viscosity of cervical mucus.
More viscous mucus turns out to be a barrier not only for spermatozoa, but also for some bacteria;
decrease in the intensity of menstruation.
Menstrual blood is the ideal environment for growth pathogenic microorganisms. Therefore, a decrease in monthly blood loss also reduces the likelihood of infection;
decrease in the strength of uterine contractions during menstruation.
With contractions of the uterus, the infection easily penetrates from the uterus into the fallopian tubes, contributing to the development dangerous diseases- salpingitis (inflammation of the fallopian tubes) and salpingoophoritis (simultaneous inflammation of both the ovaries and tubes). It is these processes that occupy an honorable first place among diseases that lead to the formation of adhesions in the pelvis, and as a result, infertility.

According to the recommendations of the WHO - the World Health Organization - combined contraceptive pills are used in a complex treatment regimen for already developed inflammatory processes. In such cases, COCs allow the ovaries to “rest” and recover, and the cervical mucus plug additionally protects the body from reinfection, that is, re-infection.

Functional ovarian cyst

These pathologies include follicular cyst and cyst of the corpus luteum. Monophasic COCs reduce the likelihood of formation of functional cysts by 3-4 times, and also contribute to the resorption of existing formations.

It is worth noting that triphasic birth control pills may, on the contrary, stimulate the development of cysts. This is because "floating" doses of hormones in such preparations are not able to completely suppress ovarian function.

uterine fibroids, endometriosis

Both uterine fibroids and endometriosis are estrogen-dependent diseases. A decrease in estrogen levels significantly reduces the likelihood of developing these pathologies.

Official figures sound more convincing than words: with the constant use of birth control pills for five years, the risk of fibroids decreases by 17%, seven years - by 20%, and 10 years - by 30%.

Birth control pills: simple cancer prevention

Most credible research in the medical world have confirmed that the regular use of COCs reduces the risk of gynecological cancer. Permanent reception birth control pills reduces the risk of developing ovarian cancer by as much as 40%, and such prevention lasts for 15 years after the abolition of COCs. In addition, the use of combined contraceptives reduces the likelihood of developing uterine cancer by exactly half, and the protective effect is also enough for 15 years.

The only condition that should not be overlooked: to obtain a serious preventive effect, birth control pills must be taken for at least two years.

Combined contraceptives: side effects

Of course, the other side of the coin cannot be ignored. COCs have both side effects and contraindications.

Let's start with the first one. The most common side effects of hormonal birth control pills include:

headache;
nausea, vomiting;
discomfort in the stomach and intestines;
irritability and mood changes;
increased sensitivity of the mammary glands;
change in libido;
dryness of the vagina;
between menstrual bleeding: both spotting and breakthrough (many women perceive this effect as menstruation when taking birth control pills).

The intensity of COC side effects is greatest in the first 1-3 months of treatment. After this period, as a rule, taking birth control pills is not accompanied by any adverse events.

You should know that when long-term use or the abolition of oral contraceptives may occur hormonal disorders. The duration and frequency of menstruation is reduced or increased, and the discharge may become too scarce or plentiful, accompanied by pain in the lower abdomen. A complex of biologically active substances has a beneficial effect on the functions of the female reproductive system -
"Time Factor". It contains extracts medicinal plants, vitamins B9, C, E and PP, minerals Fe, Mg and Zn - reduce muscle spasms, pain during menstruation and participate in the recovery hormonal balance, including during or after the use of contraceptives.

Important: When are COCs banned?

Combined contraceptives are absolutely contraindicated in:

pregnancy or the slightest suspicion of it;
breastfeeding;
vein diseases;
IHD - coronary heart disease;
severe diseases of the heart and blood vessels;
oncological diseases;
uncontrolled diabetes mellitus;
severe pathologies of the liver or kidneys;
uterine bleeding, the cause of which is not established;
over 40 years of age;
smoking a large number of cigarettes, especially women over 35 years of age.

In the presence of one of the above contraindications, COCs should be completely forgotten. There is an additional list of diseases in which it is necessary to weigh the risks and benefits by prescribing contraceptive pills.

Such pathologies include diabetes mellitus, fibroids, age over 35, smoking, and others.

Women suffering from migraine should be especially careful when using COCs. Migraine is relative contraindication to treatment with hormonal pills. Experts recommend prescribing low-dose contraceptive drugs containing less than 35 micrograms of ethinylestradiol, in particular, Janine, Logest, Minisiston, Mercilon, Regividon, Yarina. If severe headaches appear during COC treatment, the tablets should be discontinued, and as soon as possible.

Monocomponent birth control pills: mini pills

Second large group contraceptive hormonal pills contain only one hormone - progestogen. Due to the low dose of the active substance, these drugs have received the sonorous name of mini-pills. Some of the most popular mini-pill birth control pills include:

Exkluton containing 500 micrograms of linestrenol;
Microlut, which includes 3 mg of levonorgestrel;
Charozetta and Lactinet, which contain 75 micrograms of desogestrel.

Note that Charosetta and Lactinet occupy special place in a row of mini-pills. The composition of these funds includes a modern gestagen, which has unique properties. In addition to contraception, desogestrel has an antiandrogenic and antimineralocorticoid effect.

The pharmacological action of the mini-pill is similar to that of COCs. By blocking the production of gonadotropic hormones of the pituitary gland, gestagens contribute to an increase in the viscosity of cervical mucus, forming a barrier to spermatozoa. In addition, minipills reduce contractile activity fallopian tubes and cause endometrial hypotrophy, which makes implantation of a fertilized egg difficult.

Rules for taking mini-pills

Unlike combined birth control pills, mini-pills are used daily without taking a break.

The elimination half-life of the mini-pill is quite short: it is 12 hours less than that of the combined drugs and is only 22-24 hours. In this regard, monocomponent contraceptives must be taken at the same time in order to prevent a critical drop in the dose of hormones.

Charozetta and Lactinet can be attributed to a pleasant exception to the rule: their half-life occurs 36 hours after administration.

Monocomponent birth control pills: benefits

What distinguishes mini-pills from COCs? What are the advantages of monocomponent contraceptives over traditional ones combination drugs? To positive aspects mini-pills include:

- no side effects associated with the intake of estrogen.
Estrogen is responsible for most of the adverse events associated with COC use. Due to the absence of this hormone in minipills, they are better tolerated than combined tablets;

- the possibility of appointment during lactation.
Monocomponent contraceptives are considered a means for nursing mothers. It has been proven that the progestogens used in the minipill do not affect qualitative composition breast milk and do not reduce its quantity. On the contrary, there is information stating that taking a mini-pill helps to improve lactation and lengthen the duration of breastfeeding. WHO recommends the use of monocomponent contraceptive pills 6 weeks after birth;

- the possibility of using mini-pills in women who are contraindicated in combination pills.
Monocomponent contraceptives are safe in patients with severe diabetes, migraine, diseases of the heart and blood vessels, varicose disease as well as in smokers. In addition, mini-pills are birth control pills that are indicated for older women. reproductive age, including after 40 years;

- no side effects after abrupt withdrawal of tablets.
Unlike COCs, you can stop taking monophasic contraceptives at any time during treatment.

Disadvantages of minipill

Along with a significant list of advantages, monocomponent tablets are not without some disadvantages, including:

high probability violations of the menstrual cycle while taking drugs: intermenstrual bleeding, shortening of the cycle, etc.;
relative low efficiency compared to COCs. The Pearl mini-peel index ranges from 0.5 to 3%. The higher probability of conception is due to the fact that low doses of progestogens in mini-pills cannot completely suppress ovulation. The only monocomponent tablets that guarantee this effect by 96% are Charozetta (Lactinet).
increased risk ectopic pregnancy If ovulation and conception still occur while taking the mini-pill, the fertilized egg will not be able to implant in the uterus. Therefore, the embryo is attached to the fallopian tubes or ovaries, as a result of which an ectopic pregnancy develops.

In addition, mini-pills also have side effects, including:

increased appetite;
decreased libido;
nausea, rarely - vomiting;
headache;
increased sensitivity of the breast.

And the last. After the abolition of the mini-pill, a full menstrual cycle is restored within 1-3 months. At the same time, the rebound effect that combined contraceptives are famous for should not be expected.

Emergency contraception: contraceptives in haste

Along with planned contraception, every woman should remember that there is a second, emergency option of contraceptive pills. They are intended primarily for patients who rarely have sexual intercourse, as well as in unforeseen cases when, for some reason, planned contraceptive measures were not taken.

Preparations for emergency contraception are called postcoital, used already post factum, that is, after. If sexual intercourse occurred before ovulation, high doses of birth control pill hormones ensure that it does not occur. If conception does occur, emergency contraceptives provide endometrial hypotrophy, as a result of which the embryo cannot attach to the walls of the uterus. In addition, a low concentration of progesterone guarantees the impossibility of pregnancy.

To quickly achieve the desired effect, it is necessary to administer the highest possible doses of hormones. Therefore, postcoital contraception preparations are high-dose hormonal agents that are recommended to be used as rarely as possible. The effectiveness of urgent drugs reaches 97-99%.

Medicines for emergency contraception

There are several means of postcoital contraception:

- combined tablets.
Ordinary combined COCs at a certain concentration can provide emergency contraceptive action. This method of contraception is called the Yuzpe method. Among the contraceptives used according to the Yuzpe method are Microgynon, Minisiston, Femoden, Regividon, Regulon and others;

gestagens.
This group is represented by the contraceptive Postinor and its analogues - Microlut, Escapel and Eskinor-F;

antigonadotropic drugs.
These include Danazol, which is a treatment for endometriosis;

antiprogesterone agents.
A modern drug that suppresses the synthesis of progesterone - Mifepristone - is used as both an emergency contraceptive and in medical abortion.

Rules for taking postcoital contraceptive pills

Exist strict rules use of hormonal emergency contraceptives, and deviation from them can lead to the most disappointing consequences.

Almost all emergency birth control pills must be taken within 72 hours of intercourse. Dosages of drugs depend on the pharmacological group.

Combined hormonal pills

At the same time take 4 tablets of both colors twice a day with an interval of 12 hours.

Gestagens

Postinor and its generics are prescribed one tablet twice a day after 12 hours.

Antigonadotropic and antiprogesterone drugs

Danazol for the purpose of emergency contraception is used at 400-600 mg twice or three times after 12 hours. An alternative regimen involves the appointment of 200 mg per day for five days in a row.

Mifepristone is used once at a dosage of 600 mg. Perhaps the appointment of 200 mg of mifepristone once a day from the 23rd to the 27th day of the cycle.

Note that according to some data, Mifepristone contributes to abortion up to a period of 5 obstetric weeks.

Emergency contraception side effects

The possible consequences of taking high-dose birth control pills cannot be overlooked.

In the vast majority of cases, taking hormonal pills for emergency contraception is accompanied by menstrual irregularities. Therefore, some experts recommend starting taking COCs to restore hormonal levels next to the “emergency” cycle.

In addition, taking high doses of estrogen is associated with nausea and even vomiting. To reduce these side effects, it is best to take the medication with or after meals. If vomiting could not be avoided, it is necessary to drink another, extraordinary dose.

Local contraceptive pills: alternative contraception

The contraceptive effect of local, that is, vaginal, contraceptives is based on the spermicidal action of the components of the drug. Most spermicides come in the form of suppositories, but pharmaceutical companies have mastered the technology for the production of both contraceptive cream and foam and, of course, vaginal tablets.

In Russia, only one spermicidal vaginal tablet is registered - Pharmatex. The active substance of the drug is an antiseptic and spermicide benzalkonium chloride. Pharmatex has a complex effect:

spermicidal.
Pearl Pharmatex index at correct application is about 1%. Benzalkonium chloride contributes to the destruction of the flagella and the head of the spermatozoon;
bactericidal.
Pharmatex also provides protection against sexually transmitted diseases, including chlamydia, gonorrhea, trichomoniasis, HIV infection, virus herpes simplex 2 types.

Rules for the use of Pharmatex

To achieve a contraceptive effect, it is necessary to strictly follow the rules for the use of Pharmatex:

the tablet must be inserted into the vagina 10-15 minutes before sexual intercourse.
It is this period of time that is needed for a solid tablet to break up and start working. The duration of action is about three hours. Before each subsequent sexual intercourse, it is necessary to use an additional tablet, even if the previous one has not yet expired;
It is strictly forbidden to use soap and other alkaline detergents for the toilet of the external genital organs two hours before and after the use of birth control pills. This is due to the fact that soap contributes to the rapid and complete destruction of benzalkonium chloride.

As contraindications to the use of Pharmatex, only individual intolerance to the active substance and ulceration of the vaginal mucosa appear. In other cases, benzalkonium chloride preparations are completely safe.

Among all the contraceptive pills on the market, Pharmatex occupies a special place. If you need to consult a doctor to buy a hormonal drug, then Pharmatex tablets can be purchased at any pharmacy in the world without a prescription.

In conclusion, it is worth recognizing that the choice of birth control pills for a modern woman is great. It's a matter of small things: responsibility.

Methods of contraception for women are considered. The names of the most common contraceptives that are sold in pharmacies are presented.

Contraceptives are drugs that protect a woman from unwanted pregnancy. There are a lot of myths around hormonal pills. Many believe that their intake is accompanied by weight gain and the inability to become pregnant in the future. We will try to dispel or confirm dubious information regarding female contraceptives.

Why should women use contraceptives?

If you ask about the most popular contraceptive, most will answer that it is condoms. But this way uncomfortable and quite expensive if you have a regular sex partner you trust.

Accordingly, contraceptives are used by women to prevent pregnancy and to get more vivid sensations during sex. Oral contraceptives are used for medicinal purposes and allow you to get rid of skin problems and female ailments.

What are the types of contraceptives for women?

Types of female contraceptives:

Spermicides- ointments or gels containing substances that slow down the movement of spermatozoa. These drugs thicken cervical mucus and prevent male cells from entering the uterus.
Spiral- a small piece of plastic or metal. Placed by a doctor inside the uterus
Oral contraceptives- pills based on female hormones. They can block ovulation or thicken cervical mucus.
Patch- hormonal contraceptive. Hormones enter the body through the skin
vaginal ring- a silicone or plastic ring that contains a small dose of hormones. Set for 21 days. You can do it yourself without the help of a doctor
natural way – calendar method. It is used based on the calculation of periods of pregnancy and fertility
Coitus interruption method- before ejaculation, the partner removes the penis from the vagina

Barrier contraceptives for women. Pros and cons

Barrier contraception is a method of preventing pregnancy by using mechanical barriers that prevent sperm from entering the uterine cavity. To barrier contraception include local chemicals that inhibit the activity of spermatozoa. To barrier contraceptives include: sponge, diaphragm, cap, female condom, suppositories, ointments, gels.

Advantages:

Can be used immediately before sexual intercourse
Protects against most sexually transmitted diseases (spermicides)
High reliability
Can be used by women who have given birth and have not given birth
Low price
Rapid recovery of reproductive function

Flaws:

Less reliable than hormonal contraceptives
Often cause allergies and itching
Reduce sensitivity

Chemical contraceptives for women

This is a barrier contraception, based on reducing the activity of sperm with the help of chemical substances. Often cause allergies and burning. High degree of protection and low price. Below is a list of popular spermicides.

Non-hormonal contraceptives for women, list

These substances are means of barrier contraception. Their effectiveness is due to a decrease in sperm activity. Some of the drugs generally kill spermatozoa.

List of chemical non-hormonal contraceptives:

Pharmatex- a drug produced in the form of candles, sponges, cream and gel. This is a common spermicide that contains benzalkonium chloride - an antiseptic. Accordingly, the drug can be used when having sex with casual partners. Period of action 3 hours after insertion into the vagina
Benatex- available in the form of vaginal tablets and gel. Contains spermicide and antiseptic. There are no hormones in the preparation, so the substance does not affect the menstrual cycle
Pantex Oval- spermicide based on nonoxynol. It has antimicrobial and antiviral properties. Inserted into the vagina 15 minutes before sexual intercourse
Concepttrol- available in the form of suppositories and contains nonoxynol
Gynecotex- spermicide based on benzalkonium chloride. This is a combined substance that kills viruses and bacteria, and also reduces the motor activity of spermatozoa.

Local contraceptives for women

These are chemical and mechanical means that either reduce the mobility of sperm, or simply prevent their penetration into the uterus.

Mechanical local contraceptives:

female condom- analogue of the male, inserted into the vagina. One edge is fixed on the cervix, and the second will remain outside. Accordingly, it protects not only from pregnancy, but also from infection with diseases transmitted during sex.
Diaphragm- This is a domed cap made of latex or rubber. It is worn on the cervix and simply prevents the penetration of sperm into the uterus. Can be used multiple times. The doctor selects this contraceptive, since the sizes of the diaphragm are different. After childbirth or due to weight gain, you need to purchase a larger diaphragm
cervical cap- a product made of soft rubber. It is put on the cervix according to the suction cup principle. Negative pressure is created due to compression of the cap, and it is securely fixed. Low degree of protection due to the possibility of warping the cap during intercourse.

Hormonal contraceptives for women

Preparations containing the hormones estrogen and progestin. They change the composition and viscosity of the cervical mucus, making it impossible for sperm to enter the vagina. Some combined contraceptives inhibit ovulation. Accordingly, the egg does not mature, so pregnancy is impossible
Mechanical products with a low content of progestins: plaster, injections and subcutaneous implants. The patch can be considered the most convenient - this is a relatively new contraceptive. It contains ethinylestradiol and norelgestromin, synthetic analogues of female hormones. Hormones enter the blood through the skin. Every day stands out a small amount of hormones. The effect of the patch is based on a decrease in the thickness of the uterine mucosa, to which the embryo cannot attach. In addition, the patch inhibits the work of the ovaries and prevents the growth of the dominant follicle containing the egg.

Contraceptive injections for women. Pros and cons

In our country, this method of contraception is unpopular. It's connected with high price drug and mistrust of women. The injection is given once every 3 months intramuscularly. It is necessary that the injection was administered on the 5th day of the menstrual cycle.

The essence of using the drug is that it contains progesterone, which thickens the uterine mucosa and thickens the cervical mucus.

In addition, ovulation is suppressed. Injections can be used by women who have given birth and who have not given birth. In the world, not a single case of infertility after drug withdrawal has been registered. Although the reproductive function is restored in 6-12 months.

Advantages:

Efficiency is 99%
No need to constantly calculate the days of the menstrual cycle
Suitable for women who smoke
It has medicinal properties and contributes to the disappearance of endometriosis, endometrial hyperplasia

Oral contraceptives for women, video

Oral contraceptives are well-known contraceptive pills with a combined hormonal composition. On the video you can watch the speech of a gynecologist regarding COCs.

Video: Oral contraceptives

Contraception for women after childbirth

Please note that combined contraceptives should not be taken during breastfeeding. They affect the amount of breast milk.

mini pili
Hormonal injections
Intrauterine device
Remember, you can’t have sex for a month after giving birth, so after the discharge stops, you can resume sexual activity.
If you have a permanent sexual partner, then it makes sense to put a spiral or take hormonal contraceptives based on progestogens. These are synthetic hormones similar in their action to progesterone. It does not suppress lactation, does not harm the health of the baby, since a very insignificant amount of the drug penetrates into the milk.
Previously, it was believed that it was possible to protect yourself after the birth of a child by a natural method. That is, because of the development of lactational amenorrhea, when there is no menstruation, it is safe to have sex. But now many doctors note the inefficiency of the method. Some women have spontaneous ovulation leading to an unplanned pregnancy

Contraceptives for nulliparous women

Many young girls are wary of taking hormonal oral contraceptives. they believe that they will gain a lot of weight and become unattractive. This is not true, since in most women there is no increase in body weight at all or there is a slight weight gain of 2-3 kg.

There are rumors of numerous cases of infertility after the abolition of COCs. This is also a myth, since reproductive function is restored after 3-8 months. Some girls managed to conceive a child in the first month after the abolition of contraceptives.

But if you still decide to take COCs, then seek help from a doctor, he will prescribe a drug with minimal doses progestins and estrogens. Most often, young girls are prescribed Novinet, Jazz, Yarina.

They improve the condition of the skin, make menstruation less painful. COCs are not used for cystic changes in the ovaries and for endometriosis.

Ideal for nulliparous women who have a permanent sexual partner are the following ways:

Barrier contraceptives
condoms

An intrauterine device is not installed for nulliparous girls because of the possibility of developing pain syndrome and uterine bleeding after removing the coil.

Emergency contraception is used in such cases:

Rape
Missing COCs
condom damage
Sexual contact without protection

These are drugs that cause the endometrium to detach from the uterus. Thus, menstruation begins and the sperm is simply carried away from the uterus along with the blood. It is recommended to take no later than 24-72 hours after sexual contact. Here are the names of some emergency contraceptives: Postinor, Escapel, Mifegin, Miropriston.

The best contraceptives for women over 30. Video

Usually, by the age of 30, a woman already has a child and a permanent sexual partner. In this case ideal option considered an intrauterine device
Often prescribe a spiral containing progesterone. Such contraceptives are indicated for women with endometriosis and other estrogen-dependent diseases. Mirena is considered the most popular hormonal coil. Its cost is high, but its validity period is 3-5 years
In women who have given birth after 30, medium-dose combined oral contraceptives are used. They contain more hormones, this is due to the physiological characteristics of the body at this age. Among such drugs are Diana, Chloe, Dimulen

VIDEO: Contraceptives for women

Contraceptives for women over 45. Which ones to choose?

At this age, many women have chronic ailments and overweight. That is why classic COCs are not prescribed
For such women, three-phase preparations have been developed, with a minimal androgenic effect. Often, before menopause, mini-pills are prescribed - progestin contraceptives. Since many women who have given birth have endometrial hyperplasia and endometriosis
It is best to put the Mirena hormonal coil after 45 years. It will help not only not to become pregnant, but also to restore the mucous membrane of the uterus. Such a spiral reduces the risk of developing uterine cancer at times
After the birth of a second or third child, a woman may be sterilized. This is a tubal ligation operation. Now such an operation is performed without the use of scalpels, by laparoscopy.

Contraceptives for lactating women. Features of the choice of contraceptives for breastfeeding women

The ideal option is mini-pills or injections of Depo-Provera (progestins). They do not affect lactation, do not affect the health of the baby. But in most cases, women do not want to take any medication during lactation, so they use barrier methods of contraception.
It is not worth using for contraception the absence of menstruation during lactation. This method only works if you have never missed a feeding, that is, the interval between feedings was no more than 3 hours.

Women's birth control pills. Which ones to choose?

Low dose drugs. Assigned to nulliparous girls, they contain a minimum of hormones (Jazz, Novinet)
medium dosage drugs prescribed for women over 30 years old (Diana)
Progestin drugs should be taken in the presence of endometriosis, endometrial hyperplasia (Norkolut, Mini-pill)

Do not buy birth control pills on your own on the recommendation of a friend or pharmacist.

The doctor must assess your state of health and only then prescribe a specific drug. What suits your friend may not suit you. With endometrial hyperplasia and adenomyosis, drugs with a high content of estrogens should not be taken. From this, the mucosa thickens and the problem worsens.

Folk remedies for contraception. Recipes

Douching with a slightly acidic solution. Usually a tablespoon of acetic acid or lemon juice is added to a glass of water.
calendar method. Periods of pregnancy are calculated before and after menstruation. 5 days before and after your period are considered safe.
Rowan flower remedy. To prepare the substance, pour a tablespoon of flowers with 200 ml of boiling water. Insist an hour and strain. Take 100 ml before each meal.
Coitus interruption method
Douching with a weak solution of potassium permanganate

Traditional medicine offers many methods of emergency contraception that cause rejection gestational sac during pregnancy. Almost after using each of these remedies, a woman is taken in an ambulance from uterine bleeding. The hospital is cleaning. There are known cases of death due to blood poisoning due to rotting of the fetus inside the uterus.

The value of contraceptives in maintaining women's reproductive health

Combined oral contraceptives, when used correctly and prescribed by a doctor, prolong a woman's youth. Oddly enough, after stopping the drugs, even women aged 45-55 can become pregnant. This is due to the fact that at birth, every girl in the ovaries contains the rudiments of future dominant follicles.

When taking COCs, there is no ovulation, which means that this potential dominant follicle saved until the next time. In medicine, this phenomenon is called Anti-Müllerian hormone. With a high content of it, a woman can become pregnant. With a very low concentration of this hormone, a woman will not be able to get pregnant even with IVF, as the supply of eggs has been exhausted.

The effect of contraceptives on a woman's body

If you take the drugs correctly and as prescribed by the doctor, then the effect of the drugs will be positive. Many of the COCs are designed to treat ailments of the reproductive function of women. Try to change the contraceptive once a year, as the body often gets used to it and spontaneous pregnancy may occur.

How to protect yourself without pills and spirals?

Despite their inefficiency, the following methods are still popular:

Calendar
Coitus interruption method
Douching with potassium permanganate or a solution of vinegar after sex
To be sure, use barrier methods of contraception
It's easiest to use a condom
With a regular sexual partner, you can use spermicidal gels and suppositories

About hormonal contraceptives, you can find a lot of positive and negative reviews. In most cases, negative experiences are associated with the use of a drug that was not prescribed by a doctor, but was recommended by a friend or pharmacist.

Often, after miscarriages, low-dose COCs are prescribed to restore the menstrual cycle. After their cancellation, many women managed to get pregnant.
In young girls who have not given birth, the condition of the skin improves, acne disappears, and menstruation becomes less painful
In general, taking hormonal contraceptives has a positive effect on a woman's health. It's much safer than recovering from an abortion or miscarriage.

The final decision on the use of contraceptives is made by the woman. Remember, no persuasion of a partner and the pleasure of sexual intercourse without a condom and contraceptives are not worth your health. Therefore, always protect yourself and consult a good gynecologist. Health to you.

VIDEO: Consequences of hormone therapy

Thanks to modern medicine and pharmacology, there are many ways to help protect yourself without suppressing sensations, and at the same time, providing complete protection for the female body. Oral contraceptives have become increasingly popular in recent years. What are the safest birth control pills out there, and how do you choose them?

Types of contraception

The issue of contraception today is very relevant, since the number of unwanted pregnancies is increasing every day. Nowadays there are many various ways protection, and they all differ significantly from each other. Main types:

hormonal pills;
suppositories;
spirals;
barrier means;
natural ways.

It is the hormonal group of drugs that has recently been gaining more and more popularity, due to the ease of use and the result itself. If even 10 years ago hormonal pills were not so safe, and their range left much to be desired, today pharmacology has taken a significant step forward.

AT modern world contraceptive drugs exist not only in the form of tablets, but also in the form of:

plasters;
vaginal rings;
injections;
candles.

Oral contraceptives are the most effective, the level of protection against such drugs is about 99%. Moreover, besides the protection function, similar drugs often assigned with medicinal purposes. Recently, cases have become more frequent when they are prescribed to restore or normalize the menstrual cycle, to eliminate polycystic ovaries and for the rebound effect.

Interesting fact:

Scientists have proven that such drugs are absolutely safe and harmless to the female body.

How the new generation birth control pills differ from their predecessors:

lower dosage of hormones while maintaining reliability and efficiency;
the use of new analogues of female sex hormones - ethanyl estradiol and levonorgestrel;
the use of new third-generation progestogens - norgestimate, gestodene, desogestrel;
appeared newest look called mini-pills, which do not contain progestogen, and the amount of hormones is at a minimum.

It is worth noting that almost all modern contraceptive pills are combined. This means that they have two main components:

Synthetic estrogen.
Progestogen component, which is usually available in the form of various progestogens.

However, this is not all. Based on the dosage of the main components in the preparation, they can be divided into the following groups:

monophasic;
two-phase;
three-phase.

The new mini-pill contraceptive pills belong to the monophasic group, and are excellent not only for contraception before the first pregnancy, but also during lactation.

How hormonal contraceptives work

All combined oral contraceptives (COCs) contain sex hormones (estrogens and gestagens). The main principle of their action is the suppression of the ovulation process, as a result, protection from unwanted pregnancy. What causes ovulation suppression?

First, it thickens the natural fluid that is secreted in the cervix and affects the penetration of spermatozoa. Due to the compaction and change of flora, it is quite difficult for spermatozoa to penetrate the cervical canal, and sometimes they can even die when they enter the vagina. In this case, their penetration into the uterus is excluded. Secondly, due to the entry of new hormones into the female body, the production of natural hormones is dulled, as a result of which the maturation of the egg does not occur.

In the process of protecting OK, the endometrium becomes much thinner. Because of this, even if the egg is somehow fertilized, it will not be able to attach. As a result, pregnancy does not occur.

To date, this method of protection is one of the most effective and safe.

Modern contraceptives do not have side effects, which is another definite plus. Scientists have noticed that taking COCs improves skin condition, disappears, hair becomes thicker, and the number of hair loss is significantly reduced, nails become stronger. Therefore, recently you can often hear that dermatologists prescribe such drugs to combat various dermatological problems.

Video "How to choose the right oral contraceptives?"

Informative video with advice from an obstetrician-gynecologist on the selection of oral contraceptives.

Mini-pill - what is it and the main advantages of the drug

Today, one of the best birth control pills are mini-pills. Their main advantage over hormonal preparations of various types is that only progestane is present in the mini-pills. Nevertheless, the effect of taking this kind of funds is no less positive.

The principle of operation is also similar to COC. To prevent unwanted pregnancy, mini-pills make cervical mucus thicker and the endometrium thinner, which prevents conception.

Despite the small amount of hormones contained in the preparation, it is categorically not recommended to prescribe them to yourself on your own. As in the case of COCs, mini-pills can provoke hormonal disorders, unplanned bleeding, as well as various gynecological pathologies. Therefore, it is impossible to start taking this kind of drugs without the recommendation of a doctor.

How to choose birth control pills?

In fact, the process of choosing oral contraceptives is quite simple and ideally this should be done by the attending physician. However, in the modern world, women quite often do not find time for additional examinations and visits to a gynecologist, and prescribe contraceptives for themselves.

In such cases, some important nuances when choosing a tool:

Most often, choosing a tool on their own, preference is given to combined contraceptives, as they do an excellent job of preventing unwanted conception, as well as treating gynecological diseases and disorders. It is COCs that are most often prescribed by dermatologists. This is the safest and effective option in the pharmaceutical market.

With existing contraindications, it is better to completely refuse to take OK. Contraindications include:

diabetes;
phlebeurysm;
diseases of the cardiovascular system;
disturbed metabolism in the body;
malignant formations;
pregnancy and lactation;
age over 40 years.

These are not all contraindications, a detailed list is in the instructions for each individual drug, before you start taking which you must definitely read this list.

Non-hormonal contraceptives

Since medicine does not stand still, today you can even find non-hormonal contraceptives. Unlike hormonal OCs, non-hormonal OCs can be used immediately after childbirth, during breastfeeding, and also for those women who have contraindications to taking COCs.

The main principle of their action is the destruction of spermatozoa penetrating the vagina, as well as the thickening of the mucus secreted by the cervix, and the formation of a protective membrane.

Interesting fact:

Non-hormonal contraceptives are based on spermicides, which also help slow down the speed of sperm movement.

It is also important that non-hormonal contraceptives are also a kind of protection for a woman from sexually transmitted infections. This is due to the available antibacterial, antiseptic and antimicrobial actions.

This method of protection belongs to the barrier chemical type, is a fairly convenient and safe option. These are reliable birth control pills that do not contribute to hormonal disorders and are an excellent prevention against various sexually transmitted diseases. Even those more or less safe pharmaceutical products should only be prescribed by a physician.

Contraceptive creams and suppositories

Also, in addition to the form of tablets, there are non-hormonal suppositories and creams to prevent unwanted pregnancy. Unlike hormonal drugs, local funds are less effective, but recently this form is gaining particular popularity.

Many pharmacological manufacturers offer the form of suppositories, ointments and creams, the composition of which contains nonoxynol or benzalkonium chloride. Benefits of local non-hormonal contraceptives:

ease of use;
the effect of additional lubrication from candles and ointments, creams;
only a few side effects;
protecting women from infections;
a wide range of products and the ability to use while breastfeeding, immediately after childbirth.

However similar shape funds also has its drawbacks:

vaginal creams and suppositories can provoke a change in the microflora of the vagina;
itching and burning, allergic reactions and rashes may occur;
lower percentage of protection.

As a rule, topical remedies are used immediately before sexual contact, about 10 minutes before. The action of candles and creams lasts no more than 4 hours.

Rules for taking hormonal OK

Any oral contraceptives must be taken, adhering to certain schemes and rules. Usually they are indicated in the instructions for the drug. If the rules are not followed, unplanned bleeding is possible, as well as the occurrence of an unwanted pregnancy, hormonal failure.

Usually, one package of the drug contains 21 tablets, this amount is calculated for one cycle. Basic rules for accepting OK:

It is necessary to start taking on the first day of the menstrual cycle.
It is necessary to take the tablets at about the same time, preferably in the evening. In order not to forget, you can set a reminder on your phone.
It is necessary to take the tablets daily, without interruption, until the end of the tablets in the blister. After that, you need to take a break for 7 days, just at this time menstrual bleeding should begin.
After a 7-day break, you need to start a new package, regardless of whether your period has ended or not.
If suddenly you forgot to take a pill, then you need to restore the reception as soon as possible.
The first two weeks it is also necessary to use a barrier method of protection (condoms).
If you experience small spotting in the middle of the cycle, you should not stop taking the drug. At heavy bleeding need to see a doctor.

Also, you should not stop taking OK in the middle of the cycle, since this is fraught with consequences such as breaking the cycle and so on.

Are harmful OK?

At correct selection OK drugs are absolutely safe for women. However, with the wrong selection, various side effects can occur, such as excess weight, hair loss, and so on. It is also worth paying attention to contraindications, in which case you can be completely sure of the safety of the remedy. If you have diabetes, diseases of the cardiovascular system, as well as problems with the liver and kidneys, you should stop taking COCs.

You should not give preference to this method of protection even with the existing bad habit - smoking, since OK have a significant burden on the heart.

Interesting fact:

With regular use of OK, sexual activity may decrease. This is due to a decrease in testosterone production.

Contraceptive pills - which are better?

There is a certain rating of the most popular oral contraceptives, which are most often prescribed by gynecologists both for therapeutic purposes and for protection. Each drug contains different hormones, the dosage of which is also different.

Jess is a great option for reproductive age

Jess are the best oral contraceptives of the new generation, perfect for women of reproductive years. It is often prescribed by gynecologists to normalize the menstrual cycle, combat polycystic ovaries and hormonal disruptions. As a nice addition, it can be used to combat acne and other skin problems.

Jess contains estrogens and progestogens that block the ovulation process. This affects pain during menstruation and PMS. Reduces anemia and discomfort, reduces the duration of menstruation, is prescribed for severe symptoms of PMS.

The main advantage over other drugs is the low concentration of active ingredients.

Jess plus - improved version

Jess plus is a more advanced version of Jess, which, in addition to the hormones responsible for the inhibition of ovulation, contains calcium leaomefolate. This is one of the varieties of folic acid, which is essential for women's health.

In spite of low concentration hormones, Jess plus gives up to 99% guarantee against unwanted conception. If pregnancy does occur, then due to the folic acid present in the composition, the risks of violations are reduced. nervous system baby. Can be taken from the age of 18 until menopause.

Yarina and Yarina plus - the most popular OK

The rating of birth control pills in the first positions includes a drug called Yarina. They contribute to the stabilization of the cycle, while they have a minimum number of side effects and perfectly perform their direct function of protection.

Unlike many other COCs, Yarina does not cause weight gain, it fights acne, other rashes and dermatological problems very well. However, it has a small drawback - with prolonged use, you can notice the occurrence of frequent headaches.

Just like Jess, it has a more advanced version - Yarina plus with the included folic acid. It is this drug that specialists often give their preference to, since it is Yarina plus that is easily tolerated by most patients, does not cause unscheduled bleeding and contributes to the rebound effect.

Novinet - a drug with a minimum number of side effects

The main action of Novinet is the blocking of ovulation and the production of luteinizing hormone, which allows you to slow down the movement of spermatozoa. Tablets do not cause pain and discomfort during menstruation, differ the minimum amount side effects.

Nausea, sometimes vomiting, was most often observed during admission. Hair loss and migraines are partly possible. A feature and indisputable advantage can be considered the ability to take Novinet already 3 weeks after birth. However, do not forget that this is still a hormonal remedy and it can provoke an increase in milk secretion during breastfeeding.

Jeanine is a monophasic low-dose agent

Thanks to the main three actions, the effect of contraception is ensured: suppression of ovulation, increase in the viscosity of secretions from cervical canal, reducing the thickness of the endometrium. The drug can be attributed to a monophasic low-dose oral contraceptive. Most reviews of Janine are positive.

Regulon - COC, analogue of Jeanine

Quite often, Regulon is prescribed by gynecologists to normalize the cycle, as well as to eliminate unscheduled uterine bleeding. It is an analogue of Zhanin, the composition is similar, as are the actions. Many women who use Regulon note its quality and focus on reliability.

Often, gynecologists prescribe Regulon to young girls even adolescence. Does not cause side effects even with prolonged use. There are many on the Internet positive feedback about the therapeutic properties of Regulon.

Logest - the minimum content of hormones

These are the best contraceptives of the new generation with a minimum content of hormones. In addition to the main contraceptive function, it has a therapeutic and preventive effect on female cancers. After its cancellation, reproductive functions are immediately restored. This allows as soon as possible.

Qlaira - natural OK

Qlaira is the first OK of the fifth generation. Thanks to the main active ingredient - estradiolavalerate, it perfectly fights the symptoms of menopause.

The main difference is the change in the order of administration, thanks to the unique dynamic dosing regimen. This is a four-phase hormonal drug, in the package of which there is:

2 placebo tablets without active ingredient;
26 tablets with an active ingredient and action, where the dosage of the substance is different.

During the reception, the dosage of estrogen gradually decreases, but the dosage of the progestogen, on the contrary, increases. Due to this, the effect of the reception is significantly increased. To date, Qlaira is a revolutionary drug with a high degree of protection and the ability to treat women's diseases.

What is treated with hormonal drugs?

Hormone-based drugs are used for both chronic and treatable conditions. Without the help of hormonal drugs can not do with:

hypothyroidism;
hyperthyroidism;
diabetes mellitus of the 1st, sometimes of the 2nd types;
hormone-dependent tumors of the reproductive system;
prostate cancer;
asthma and other diseases associated with an immune response to allergens (including allergic rhinitis);
endometriosis;
hormonal disruptions;
menopause;
sleep disorders;
other diseases associated with hypofunction of the glands.

Inflammation and allergic manifestations are treated with glucocorticoids. Preparations based on them - Prednisolone, Metipred, Dexamethasone - reduce inflammation and suppress leukocyte function.

They can be used internally (if necessary) systemic action), and externally (with hemorrhoids, thrombophlebitis, dermatological diseases, allergic rhinitis). When applied externally, they are practically not absorbed into the main bloodstream and do not provide negative impact on the body.

Even if the cause of the inflammation is unknown, adrenal hormones help relieve swelling, pain, and redness. Hormonal anti-inflammatory drugs are among the life-saving drugs.

Vasopressin and epinephrine may be administered along with anesthetics. Due to their ability to constrict blood vessels, these hormones are actively used in anesthesia (including local anesthesia).

Melatonin also belongs to hormonal drugs. This substance, produced in, has an anti-stress effect, regulates circadian rhythms, affects metabolism, slows down the aging process and weight gain, and also stimulates the production of antibodies to infectious agents and tumor cells.

What is Hormone Replacement Therapy?

At chronic conditions associated with dysfunction of the glands or their partial removal, drugs with synthetic and natural hormones provide high quality and longevity of the patient.

There are several types of hormone replacement therapy:

treatment with synthetic thyroid hormones;
insulin therapy;
taking analogues of sex hormones.

Deficiency and excess of thyroxine and triiodothyronine are fraught with mood disorders, sleep, dry skin, problems with memory and performance, growth of gland tissues and other unpleasant symptoms.

Clinical hypothyroidism is most often associated with diseases and tumors of the thyroid gland, so replacement therapy with analogues of iodine-containing hormones is prescribed for life.

Substitution therapy uses drugs such as:

"Eutiroks";
"L-thyroxine" (one of the Russian or German brands).

The treatment of hyperthyroidism has a somewhat more complex scheme: thyreostatics are used to reduce the synthesis of own iodine-containing hormones, and in especially difficult cases, removal of a part of the gland or radioiodine therapy is justified. Then the normal level of triiodothyronine is restored with the help of their synthetic analogues.

Insulin is a pancreatic β-cell hormone, the main task of which is to lower blood glucose levels by regulating its entry into cells and stimulating the conversion of monosaccharide into glycogen.

Violation of the functionality of the cells that secrete this hormone is called type 1 diabetes mellitus. Patients with such a pathology must be prescribed replacement therapy with Humodar, Apidra, Novorapid, Actrapid, Humulin, Insulin Tape, etc.

In type 2 diabetes, which is associated with a violation of the sensitivity of tissues to insulin, the administration of hormones can also be prescribed.

Finally, female hormonal replacement therapy (HRT) is a pharmacological replacement for the function of the sex glands (ovaries) lost during their removal or menopause. The most commonly used drugs are:

"Climodien";
"Divina";
"Ovestin";
"Trisequens";
"Femoston";
"Estrofem" and others.

During treatment, androgens, estrogens and gestagens can be used (mainly the last two subtypes of hormones are involved in the preparations).

oral contraception

Oral contraceptives are the most well-known hormonal pills for women. The action of OK is based on their ability to prevent ovulation (the maturation of the egg and its release from the follicle). Synthetic hormones thicken the mucus on the cervix, which complicates the movement of the sperm, and also thin the uterine lining (endometrium), which prevents the fertilized egg from firmly attaching.

The triple mechanism of action of hormones reliably protects the patient from unwanted pregnancy: the Pearl index for oral contraceptives (the percentage of pregnancies that occur while taking OK) does not exceed 1%.

When using oral contraceptives, menstrual bleeding does not stop, but it becomes more regular, less heavy and painful. A certain scheme of taking hormones allows, if necessary, to delay the onset of menstruation.

Modern contraceptives are classified into three categories:

One-component preparations (Continuin, Micronor, Charozetta, Exluton).
Combined oral contraceptives (COCs). COCs are the most reliable means. They include synthetic estrogen () and progestogen (levonorgestrel, desogestrel, norgestrel, etc.).
Postcoital (emergency) hormonal pills (Postinor, Escapel). Emergency contraceptives contain overdose hormones, however, have a lower efficiency.

Dosages acting hormones in modern contraceptives much lower than in the drugs of the last century, so the side effects of taking estrogen do not appear or appear slightly.

Combined hormonal contraceptives

COCs are divided into mono-, two- and three-phase. Single-phase COC tablets contain a strictly defined amount of hormones that does not change during the cycle. Multi-phase agents are conceived as more physiological: the dosages of active ingredients in tablets for different days of the cycle are not the same.

Three-phase COCs (with three types of tablets changing per cycle) are often recommended by doctors, but biphasic products are practically not used.

Combined contraceptives:

A drug	Active substance	Producing country
Monophasic COCs
Microgynon		Germany
minisiston		Germany
Regividon		Hungary
Novinet	Ethinylestradiol, desogestrel	Hungary
Mercilon		Netherlands
Regulon		Hungary
Marvelon		Netherlands
Jess	Drospirenone, ethinylestradiol	Germany
Dimia		Hungary
Yarina		Germany
Logest	Ethinylestradiol, gestodene	Germany
Lindinet 30	Ethinylestradiol, gestodene	Hungary
Diana-35	Ethinylestradiol, cyproterone acetate	Germany
Three-phase COCs
Tri-regol	Levonorgestrel, ethinylestradiol	Hungary
Triquilar		Germany
Triziston		Germany

A different dosage of the active substance (levonorgestrel) allows you to adjust to hormonal fluctuations during the menstrual cycle and provide a high degree of protection against unplanned pregnancy at low concentrations.

Hormonal remedies for men

Male hormonal preparations are classified into means for gaining muscle mass, directly drugs for inhibiting the pathological process, and hormones for replacement therapy.

In practice, hormones of the adrenal glands (in particular, testosterone), the pancreas (insulin) and the anterior pituitary gland (somatropin or growth hormone) are actively used. They are used to form muscle relief, accelerate mass gain and burn fat. Taking hormonal drugs without a doctor's prescription has a number of negative consequences, including damage to the organs of the excretory system and possible gynecomastia (swelling of the mammary glands) due to the conversion of excess testosterone into female hormone estrogen.

AT medical purposes hormonal agents are used for hormone-dependent tumors (for example, for prostate cancer). Injections with analogues of pituitary hormones dramatically reduce the production of testosterone, which accelerates the growth of a malignant neoplasm. This procedure is called "medical castration". The introduction of hormones allows you to slow down the development of the tumor and resort to more radical methods of treatment. Despite the menacing name, patients should not be afraid of the irreversibility of the procedure: some time after the end of treatment, erectile function and normal testosterone levels are restored.

Replacement therapy male hormones can be used both with the complete removal of the gland producing them, and with a decrease in its functionality. After 40-45 years, the level of testosterone in the blood of a man begins to decline, which leads to problems in the genital area. To restore potency, the following drugs are used:

"Undecanoate Testosterone" and "Andriol" (tablets with one active ingredient - testosterone undecanoate);
"Sustanon" (injection solution with four active ingredients-esters - decanoate, isocaproate, phenylpropionate and);
"Nebido" (injection oil solution testosterone undecanoate);
"Androgel" (means for external use, active ingredient– testosterone).

After the complete removal of the testicles (due to a tumor of the prostate or gonad), replacement therapy is required.

The attitude towards hormonal drugs among people who are unfamiliar with medical reference books is predictably biased. Many drugs in this group have strong and a number of contraindications - for example, with long-term use Prednisolone is a rapid weight gain, the face of the patient receiving premedication with this drug swells.

However, this is not a reason to refuse any means containing hormones, including effective birth control pills. When performing several simple rules the risk of complications from taking hormonal drugs is minimized.

Rules for taking hormonal drugs (GP):

You can not take GP without the appointment of the attending physician (endocrinologist or gynecologist). Especially dangerous when self-administered are drugs that are classified as synthetic analogues of adrenal hormones.
Before prescribing hormonal treatment to a patient or patient, the specialist should carefully study the history, the results of blood tests for the concentration of sex hormones and biochemical parameters, the results of pelvic ultrasound, mammography, cytological smear. It is necessary to inform the doctor about existing chronic diseases: some of them are contraindications for taking COCs and other synthetic drugs.
All changes in the state of health should be reported to the attending physician.
Having missed the dose of the drug, it is strictly forbidden to “compensate” for negligence with a double dose of the drug in the next dose.
It is necessary to take hormone pills strictly at the same time with minimal errors. Some drugs (for example, L-thyroxine) are drunk in the morning, on an empty stomach.
The duration of the course and dosage (including its change during treatment) is determined by the attending physician.

The effectiveness and safety of hormonal treatment depends on the competence of the endocrinologist, the interaction of the doctor with the patient and strict adherence to the rules for taking drugs.