Cystic ovary symptoms. What is a cystic change in the ovary. Cystic change of the ovary

When cystic changes are detected in the ovaries, experts primarily talk about the pathology of the thyroid gland or. The fact is that cystosis is a consequence of disorders of the endocrine organs.

Cystic degeneration is an endocrine pathology associated with hormonal imbalance in the female body. As a result, multiple cavities are formed in the reproductive organs, which gradually increase in size, fill with liquid and become like a bunch of grapes.

Types of cystic changes

Cystic transformation is small cystic and large cystic. At the same time, small cystic degeneration of the ovaries poses a lesser danger to women's health than large cysts. Therefore, pathological changes in the organs of reproduction must be strictly controlled in order to prevent serious complications.

Diagnose cystic changes in both the right and left ovaries. More severe hormonal disorders provoke bilateral functional disorders. As practice shows, with a unilateral lesion, a woman is able to conceive and bear healthy offspring. With bilateral polycystosis, she does not have such an opportunity. As a result, secondary infertility is formed.

The reasons

Most often, this pathology is associated with excessive production of androgen. A similar situation occurs during puberty in young girls, in females in adulthood - with menopause.

Such a hormonal imbalance is observed in the following cases:

• prolonged hormone therapy;
• with endocrine diseases, in particular, pathology of the thyroid gland;
• with frequent abortions, more often at a young age;
• the use of tablet forms of contraceptives;
• As a result of obesity;
• And for type 1 and type 2 diabetes.

Important causes of development are nervous tension and depression. Women who experience frequent stress and nervous tension are most susceptible to small cystic changes.

In addition, the role of provocateurs of the pathology of the reproductive organs can be:

• heredity;
• climate change;
• frequent respiratory infections accompanied by functional insufficiency;
• decreased immune defense.

When choosing a treatment regimen, it is necessary to rely precisely on the cause that caused the formation of a cystic ovary.

Symptoms

Polycystic ovary pathology of the reproductive system affects all internal organs and systems, which can be expressed in the following clinical symptoms:

• Irregularity of menstruation or in the complete absence (menstrual syndrome);
• no pregnancy;
• copious discharge during menstruation;
• increase in body weight;
• pain syndrome, in particular, in the small pelvis on the left or right.

Symptoms and signs of cystic degeneration of the ovaries are also skin problems, namely acne and a change in skin type to an oily version. Often in women with education, hair falls out or, conversely, grows profusely. In the latter case, we are talking about right-sided damage to the reproductive organs. When such symptoms appear, it is necessary to exclude not only ovarian cysts, but also oncology. To this end, you need to visit a gynecologist and undergo a series of examinations, in particular, a blood test for gonadotropin.

Diagnosis scheme

As a rule, for the diagnosis of cystic degeneration of the ovaries, it is enough for a woman to do an ultrasound examination. With the help of ultrasound, it is possible to detect a cyst, collect information about its structure, shape and size. It is ultrasound that allows you to completely eliminate medical errors in the detection of such diseases.

Treatment

Based on the results of the examination, the specialist will think over an individual treatment plan. The doctor will prescribe medication or surgery. With the help of laparoscopy, pathologically altered tissues are removed. After the operation, the female body recovers quickly enough.

1. The following drugs are used as conservative therapy:
2. Oral contraceptives (Logest). Contraceptives are necessary to restore hormonal levels. The composition of the preparations promotes self-resorption of cysts.
3. Antibacterial drugs. With a confirmed bacterial origin of cystic foci, broad-spectrum antibiotics are prescribed.
4. Vitamins. Vitamin complexes are necessary to launch reserve mechanisms and increase immunity.
5. In the presence of pain syndrome, painkillers are indicated in the age dosage. All medicines must be taken strictly according to the instructions and only as prescribed by the doctor.

Possible consequences

It is important to understand that ovarian cysts, like any disease of the female reproductive system, require the attention of specialists. It is not recommended to resort to self-medication, including using. Such actions are fraught with the development of infertility and malignancy.

Cystic neoplasms during pregnancy:

1. Often they become the reason for the inability to get pregnant. If pregnancy does occur, then the danger to the life of the mother and fetus increases. This fact is explained by the fact that bearing a child is accompanied by pressure on the surrounding tissues, which can lead to rupture of cysts and the outflow of their contents into the abdominal space.
2. If a woman has undergone surgery, then she is not recommended to become pregnant for 2-3 months. It is this period that is necessary for the complete recovery of the female body after surgical treatment.
3. In the case when it is not possible to save both ovaries after the removal of one organ, infertility occurs. In this case, IVF can become an option for pregnancy.

Ovarian degeneration is a disease, but it is not a death sentence. For a woman who wants to conceive and bear a healthy child. It is important to consult a doctor in a timely manner, complete a full course of examination and treatment.

Upon confirmation, it is necessary to follow all medical recommendations: regularly visit a gynecologist for a routine examination and take prescribed medications.

Cystic change in the ovaries is a disease from the field of gynecology associated with hormonal imbalance: the amount of male hormones (they are called androgens) is higher than the amount of female ones. Because of this, ovulation does not occur.

A cyst is not considered a cancer, but in the absence of timely and proper treatment, it can develop into one. In addition, the consequence of this disease is infertility. There are cystic changes in both ovaries (polycystic), only the left or only the right ovary. The causes and treatment are the same in all cases.

Causes of Cystic Ovarian Change

There are a large number of circumstances that can cause this disease. Most often, the causes of cysts are associated with hormonal imbalance, when androgen begins to be produced by the body in quantities exceeding the norm.

This situation can occur both in young girls who are in puberty, and in adult women during menopause.

Hormonal disruptions can also cause a number of other reasons, namely:

• treatment by taking hormonal drugs;
• diseases of the endocrine system, for example, malfunctions of the thyroid gland;
• abortion (especially in young girls);
• use of birth control pills;
• the presence of excess body weight;
• diabetes.

Another common factor in the development of the disease is stress. People who regularly experience stressful situations, as well as those who dramatically and often change their weight up or down, are at risk of cystic transformation of the left ovary.

1. Heredity.
2. Change of climate zone.
3. Respiratory diseases, improper functioning of the respiratory tract.
4. Weak immunity.

When choosing methods of treating the ailment in question, the doctor always relies on what caused it. Therefore, it is very important to understand the causes of cyst formation.

Symptoms

This gynecological disease can affect all body systems, and therefore the range of heterogeneous symptoms of the disease is quite wide.

The most common can be called:

1. Violation of the menstrual cycle: irregular periods or their complete absence.
2. Inability to get pregnant due to lack of ovulation.
3. Heavy bleeding during menstruation.
4. Obesity (manifested at the waist).
5. Constant pain in the pelvic area (if the cyst has formed on only one ovary, the pain may radiate to the right or left side).
6. Skin problems: acne, oily sheen.
7. Hair loss or, conversely, their abundant growth throughout the body (with damage to the right ovary).

With the manifestation of at least one symptom, you need to urgently contact a gynecologist, undergo the necessary studies. As a rule, an ultrasound scan is prescribed to make a diagnosis, which, easily detecting a cystic formation, provides information about its nature and size.

Treatment Methods

After the doctor, having examined the patient, as well as having carried out the necessary studies, made a diagnosis, found out the causes of the disease, he must think over a treatment plan. It can be medical or, if the first method is not sufficient at this stage, surgical.

Drug treatment of cysts involves taking a number of drugs prescribed by a gynecologist.

1. Birth control pills. They are necessary to restore hormonal balance. The composition of these funds, provoking self-resorption of the cyst, normalizes the hormonal background. An example of such drugs is Logest, a contraceptive that should be taken one tablet every day (the time of admission is fixed).
2. Antibiotics are the second class of medications prescribed to cure a cystic neoplasm if the latter is caused by the presence of pathogenic microflora. Inexpensive, broad-spectrum drugs are often prescribed. For example, Lincomycin. Contraindications to taking this remedy are disorders of the kidneys and liver, lactation, pregnancy. It is recommended to take the drug three times a day for 500 milligrams.
3. Vitamin complexes. The treatment course must necessarily include them, since one of the causes of cysts is reduced immunity. Taking antibiotics further depresses the immune system. Vitamins, on the contrary, have a positive effect on it, strengthen, launch the protective mechanisms of the human body. The course should include folic (five milligrams per day), ascorbic acid (one tablet per day), and vitamin E (one hundred milligrams per day). Contraindications to taking these drugs are reduced to individual intolerance to these substances.

In the presence of pain, you can take painkillers as needed, but not more than the amount prescribed by the instructions.

The drug course and its components should be prescribed only by the attending physician. It comes from the symptoms, the stage of the course of the disease, the size and nature of the cyst, and the individual characteristics of the patient. Cystic change in the ovaries is a disease that can have dangerous consequences. Therefore, self-treatment is unacceptable.

Removal of a cyst surgically

Unfortunately, it is far from always possible to cure the disease with medication. If the cystic formation is large or there is a risk of its spontaneous opening, resort to surgical methods. There are only two of them - laparoscopy and laparotomy.

A modern and safe way to remove a cyst is laparoscopy, which is carried out using a laser beam. It vaporizes everything inside the cystic bladder.

Laparoscopy consists of three stages:

1. Diagnostics necessary to confirm suspicions of a cyst.
2. The actual operation. It takes a little time, is not traumatic, and therefore does not affect the ability to conceive a child.
3. Control - assessment of the state of organs after surgery.

Laparoscopy has a number of contraindications, which must be taken into account by the attending physician. Unfortunately, this procedure is often not carried out due to the poor equipment of hospitals, when the equipment necessary for it is not available.

Another type of operation is considered classical. Laparotomy is performed if the neoplasm can develop into a cancerous tumor. Also, this operation is performed with large cysts.

The cyst is removed through a large incision in the abdomen. After the operation, the doctor examines the tissues of the organ, if they contain metastases - secondary foci of the disease, he decides to remove the entire organ.

After laparotomy, the patient is under medical supervision for a certain time (if there are no complications, then four to five days). The recovery period is quite long: for about two months, any physical activity, sexual activity is contraindicated for a woman.

Cystic change in the ovaries: is it possible to get pregnant?

If a neoplasm on the ovaries appeared before the conception of the baby, it is necessary to undergo a full course of treatment in order to eliminate the disease. As a rule, the inability to get pregnant during the disease is one of its symptoms. However, sometimes pregnancy does happen. If this happens when the cystic change in the ovaries is already developing, there is a risk to the life of the mother and child.

This is due to the fact that when carrying a fetus, pressure on all organs increases, which can provoke a rupture of the cyst membrane and the spread of its contents. In addition, with a stable growth of education, operations are often prescribed even during pregnancy, and this increases the risk of miscarriage.

After the complete removal of the cyst, the woman's reproductive function is restored after sixty to ninety days. Up to this point, trying to conceive a child is pointless and unsafe.

Sometimes, if the organ is completely affected, the entire ovary is cut out during the operation. The possibility of conception is preserved. If both organs are removed, infertility occurs. Then doctors offer the option of in vitro fertilization.

Prevention measures

Prevention of any gynecological diseases is extremely important for a woman, since all of them can lead to dangerous consequences.

To prevent the occurrence of cystic neoplasms on the ovaries, you must adhere to a few simple but immutable rules:

1. Regular visits to the gynecologist (twice a year).
2. Strict adherence to the recommendations of a specialist, as well as instructions for taking hormonal drugs.
3. Use of suitable contraceptive pills for contraception.
4. Refusal of abortions at an early age of a woman.
5. Constant care of your nervous system (avoid stress).
6. A balanced diet containing vitamins to support the immune system.

These rules must be followed from a young age, whether or not sexual activity is practiced.

Forecast

Cystic change in the ovaries is not a sentence. If you pay attention to the development of the disease in time and strictly follow the recommendations of the doctor, you can easily recover and conceive a child. On the contrary, self-treatment, the use of untested traditional medicine, neglect of one's health leads to terrible consequences - infertility and oncology.

Types of cystic changes in the ovaries and complications in the course of their development

A cystic change in the ovaries is a hollow formation of a pathological nature that occurs on the tissue of the reproductive female organ. It looks like a bubble filled with liquid. Because of this, the volume of the body increases several times. There are such concepts as polycystic and small cystic transformation of the ovaries.

Various diseases of the genital area, including cystic degeneration of both ovaries, can lead to serious consequences. According to statistics, the most common cystic degeneration of the left ovary.

Types of cystic changes

A cyst can be functional - a relatively non-dangerous type of tumor and non-functional "true". It is the second type that should attract increased attention.

Functional

Neoplasms that resolve on their own or after taking hormone-containing drugs (“false”) are a follicular cyst, a corpus luteum cyst, a paraovarian cyst and a mucinous cyst.

In most cases, with cystic changes in the reproductive glands, the bulk is occupied by functional (false) cysts (corpus luteum and follicular). Due to hormonal imbalance. Appears suddenly, is asymptomatic, disappears spontaneously. The occurrence of these neoplasms is not accompanied by damage at the cellular level and cannot lead to the development of cancer. In some cases, the cysts burst, but even the rupture does not lead to cancer. But it still carries a certain danger and consequences for the body, like other types of cystic neoplasms.

Follicular cyst. The result of the rebirth of the follicle due to hormonal disorders.

Cyst of the corpus luteum (luteal). Often regarded as a physiological condition.

Paraovarian cyst. Tumor of the epididymis of the right ovary or left ovary, does not transform into malignant. Size - up to 10 cm. (sometimes 30cm). The reason is a violation of the embryogenesis of the tubules of the epididymis. With small formations, there are often no manifestations.

Mucinous tumor (cystadenoma). It has the appearance of a capsule with several chambers filled with mucin. In 3-5% of cases it is reborn.

It grows quickly and reaches an impressive size.

non-functional

Non-functional varieties do not tend to dissolve and disappear on their own. The tumor must be removed surgically. This species is called "true". They are much more dangerous and appear more pronounced. These include:

Dermoid cyst (teratoma). The frequency of occurrence is 15 - 20%. The shape is round. Diameter - up to 15 cm. Most often only the right ovary is cystically changed. Growth is slow. In 1-3% of cases it is reborn. diagnosed in childhood and adolescence.

Endometrial cyst. It is characterized by tissue growth.

Size - 5mm-10 cm. Viscous bloody contents inside. It is impossible to say exactly why this type is formed.

Causes of the disease

The causes of ovarian pathology are quite extensive and depend on the type of tumor. The most common:

• disorder of the process of maturation of ovarian follicles;
• hormonal dysfunctions associated with disorders of endocrine origin;
• early puberty;
• abortion at an early age;
• hyperthyroidism (thyroid disease);
• abdominal trauma;
• inflammatory processes of female reproductive organs, especially chronic ones;
• weak immunity;
• period of menopause;
• genetics.

Symptoms of cystic degeneration

At the very beginning of the disease, this disease does not manifest itself in any way. The first symptoms of cystic changes in the ovaries appear when the tumor begins to grow in size. Therefore, treatment may not be timely.

There is a remedy for pain and problems with the ovaries. To get rid of pain forever you need to drink every day.

• pain in the lower abdomen, which does not appear during menstruation, which is given to the lumbar region, rectum or inner thigh (in rare cases, the chest aches slightly);
• violation of the menstrual cycle;
• false frequent urge to urinate, defecate;
• pain increases during physical exertion and during sexual intercourse;
• a change in the abdomen in volume - with a size of education up to 10 cm or more;
• a feeling of fullness from the inside;

• pulling pain in the lower abdomen;
• increase in waist;
• problems with urination;
• constipation, diarrhea;
• prolonged spotting at the end of menstruation;
• constant subfebrile temperature, chills;
• prolonged absence of pregnancy;

Diagnosis of cystic changes

Diagnostics involves a number of activities:

1. Gynecological examination.
2. Blood test (general).
3. Blood test for tumor markers.
4. Computed tomography, MRI.
5. Laparoscopy.
6. Colonoscopy, gastroscopy.
7. Biopsy.

Polycystic and small cystic ovaries

Polycystic ovary syndrome (polycystic ovary syndrome, sclerocystosis) is a hormonal disease accompanied by a violation of the normal structure and functioning of the sex glands.

Polycystic ovaries increase in size. Externally, they are not affected, but there are many small formations in the thickness. They are mature follicles that cannot be released into the egg, because. due to certain disorders, they cannot break through the ovarian membrane.

A number of disorders in the work of the endocrine system, hormonal imbalance leads to polycystic ovaries. As well as a decrease in sensitivity to insulin in tissues.

Provoking factors leading to the development of polycystic disease can be:

1. Overweight and obesity.
2. The presence of chronic infections in the body.
3. Psycho-emotional stress.
4. Abrupt climate change.
5. Unfavorable ecology.
6. Heredity.
7. Insensitivity of the body to insulin.
8. Diabetes.
9. Increased production of the hormone testosterone.
10. Violation of all types of exchange.

1. Delay of menstruation (from 1 m. to 1 year).
2. Abundant menstruation.
3. Ghirsutism.
4. Excessive oily skin, acne, seborrhea.
5. Obesity.
6. Cardiovascular disorders.
7. Infertility (primary, secondary).

Why the disease needs to be treated and how to do it right

Cystic changes in the ovaries are dangerously unpleasant symptoms that worsen the quality of life, infertility, and can cause concomitant diseases.

Prevention involves an annual examination by a gynecologist. Any pain during self-palpation requires a mandatory visit to the doctor. Whether you only have cystic changes in the right ovary, or whether the examination shows that there are cystic changes in both ovaries, the treatment will be the same.

Symptoms of cystic ovarian degeneration for which treatment should be prompt:

• sharp, intense pain;
• too heavy periods;
• reduced blood pressure;
• general weakness, dizziness;
• heat;
• enlarged belly;
• intense thirst with copious urination;
• a palpable lump in the abdomen;

Therapy for an ovarian tumor depends on its type, size, and growth dynamics. Not the last role is played by the age of the woman.

Treatment of cysts through conservative methods

Oral contraceptives, sometimes prescribed for functional cysts, block the work of the reproductive organs, preventing the formation of new formations or the reduction of existing formations.

Several control ultrasounds are prescribed to track the development of the tumor. If after 3 months the cystic degeneration of the ovaries does not disappear on its own or there is no tendency to decrease or resolve, the question arises of surgical intervention. If there were no changes during the period when she was treated, then surgical intervention is indispensable.

Treatment of cysts with surgical methods

Some types of neoplasms are eliminated only in an operable way. Functional ones that do not disappear after several months of treatment are also subject to removal.

An ovarian cyst or small cystic changes are removed laparoscopically or laparotomically. Laparoscopy - the walls of the abdomen are not opened. The tumor is removed through incisions. This type of operation is minimally traumatic, has a short recovery period. Laparotomy is a standard removal by opening the walls of the abdomen. The goal of surgical removal of cystic degeneration of the ovaries is to determine the type of tumor and its characteristics.

Useful information

Most ovarian diseases are caused by suppressed immunity, IUD use, hypothermia, bacteria, and more! Regardless of the method, the following symptoms indicate problems with the ovaries:

• Drawing or sharp pains in the lower abdomen, lower back and pelvic area.
• Irregular or absent menstrual cycle;
• Sudden acyclic uterine bleeding;
• Hypertonicity and spasm of the abdominal muscles;
• Nonspecific discharge from the vagina;
• Increase in body temperature;
• Pain during sex.

If you have at least 2 of the above symptoms - you may have problems with the ovaries! But this problem can be solved once and for all!

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What is a cystic change in the ovary

What to do if diagnosed with "cystic change in the ovaries"? What are the consequences? If a gynecologist and an ultrasound specialist detect a similar pathology in a woman, then there is a problem associated with the thyroid gland, the pineal gland (located in the brain and is responsible for the performance of the endocrine system). The fact is that ovarian cystosis is a consequence, and not a direct pathology of the reproductive organs.

Types of pathology

There are several types of cystic ovarian formations. For example, a three-chamber and multi-chamber transformation is more dangerous than a small-cystic, single-chamber ovary.

Large cystic or small cystic ovarian degeneration occurs. That is, the cysts that form in the reproductive organ have a certain size. Unfortunately, over time, the affected organs can increase in size. Therefore, timely and regular monitoring by an uzist is needed.

There is also cystic degeneration of the right ovary or the left. Serious failures in the female body provoke dysfunction of both organs. Practice shows that a woman with at least one healthy ovary is able to become pregnant. On the contrary, with a bilateral glandular cystic lesion, it is impossible to conceive a child.

For what reason does

The main reason is the overproduction of insulin. Every person has female and male hormones. In the fairer sex, for the normal functioning of the endocrine system, the female hormone must prevail over the male. If this is not the case, then a serious malfunction occurs in the body, the endocrine system, which is directly related to the reproductive organs, begins to suffer.

Cystic degeneration of one / two ovaries is almost always associated with an overabundance of the male hormone (androgen). In addition, the imbalance occurs in other organs: the adrenal glands, the pancreas. Therefore, before prescribing treatment, the specialist will send you for a thorough examination to find the cause.

Heredity

After collecting an anamnesis from a doctor, you can hear that the pathology is hereditary. The cystic formation could have been in the patient's mother. Treatment is prescribed only after examination.

Obesity

Obesity of any degree is also a common cause of cystic degeneration of the ovaries. The patient will be advised to change the diet, diet and drinking regimen.

hormone therapy

Sometimes it’s not at all about overeating, but about a disease, taking basic therapy drugs, course therapy, and prevention. We are talking about hormonal drugs (glucocorticosteroids) that can lead to ovarian dysfunction, menstrual disorders and endocrine function.

Hormonal contraceptives are a common cause of glandular cystic lesions of the ovaries. Oral medications should be discontinued unless they are urgently needed.

medical error

An unprofessional gynecological examination, improper installation of the intrauterine device, an unsuccessful operation on the ovaries with infection in the patient's body often causes cystic transformation.

nervous tension

Stress and depression easily provoke hormonal imbalance and a sharp increase in insulin. As a result, the functional activity of the ovaries is disrupted. Until nervous tension is eliminated, treatment is ineffective, recovery will not come soon.

climate change

Moving to a new place of residence with a climate different from the native land is often the cause of hormonal failure:

• a sharp change in temperature, air humidity;
• change of national dishes;
• moral habituation to new conditions of life.

Of course, not every woman who has moved, for example, from Central Russia to a warm country, develops a cystic change in the ovary over time, but this fact should be taken into account.

Symptoms

Small cystic changes in the ovaries do not have specific symptoms. Violation can be noticed only during examination by ultrasound or surgical intervention in another case. But you can consider the main signs characterizing the presence of a problem:

• skin is oily, greasy;
• on the face there are acne (black dots), blackheads;
• high fatigue;
• constant pain in the lower abdomen;
• violation of the menstrual cycle / lack of menstruation;
• there is a rapid growth of hair on the body;
• obesity;
• diabetes;
• thyroid disease.

Conservative treatments

The patient visits a gynecologist, undergoes an examination. If necessary, the specialist sends for additional research:

Perhaps, at the discretion of the doctor, visiting other specialists: endocrinologist, urologist and others. If small cystic changes in the ovaries are confirmed, the exact cause is established, the woman is prescribed treatment, and recommendations are given. In most cases, the treatment of a cystic ovary is to take hormonal drugs (birth control pills). Quite often, the doctor prescribes injections with aloe. In especially severe cases, surgery may be prescribed:

• • laparoscopy - removal of degenerative ovarian tissues using punctures of the abdominal wall;
  • laparotomy - abdominal surgery to remove the cyst and nearby modified tissues;
  • oophorectomy - removal of a cystic formation along with the ovary.

Phytotherapy and naturopathy

Modern medicine disagrees about the choice of treatment for the patient. Practice shows that pharmaceutical preparations help someone, and herbal medicine helps someone. The choice of therapy should be consulted with a doctor. Before starting a health recovery course, you should make sure that there are no allergies, contraindications to one or another component.

Phytotherapy has found its application in the treatment of not only glandular cystic disease of the reproductive organs, but also the underlying causes. A competent specialist will select the most appropriate treatment regimen with herbs, infusions, seeds and flowers.

The use of herbs requires the patient's willpower and the desire to complete the course of treatment. You have to be very careful. For example, a doctor prescribes psyllium, which is taken at the beginning of the monthly cycle.

Upland uterus, red cheek - these two plants are popular in herbal medicine. Sometimes, they give more effect than pharmaceuticals.

Meadowsweet, raspberry leaves combined dissolve cysts, help the reproductive organs to restore damaged cells.

A cystic right / left ovary is successfully treated with natural remedies according to the recommendations given by the attending physician.

A woman who has been diagnosed with a pathology in the reproductive organs should change her lifestyle, limit herself in many ways:

• avoid nervous overload;
• give up alcohol, caffeine, smoking;
• exclude any physical activity;
• postpone sports activities until recovery;
• eat properly;
• do not bathe in the sauna, bath, do not take hot baths.

All contraindications for cystic ovaries should be discussed with the doctor who prescribed the treatment.

Predictions for a woman with a pathology

Treatment cannot be delayed. A neglected disease can lead to serious diseases, up to the degeneration of a cyst into a malignant tumor.

Endometriosis is also a cause of neglect of the disease. Together, these pathologies require more serious and long-term treatment.

The left, right or both affected reproductive organs always give complications to:

In addition, cystic degeneration of the left ovary and right ovary together lead to infertility. Even if one organ is affected, the second will also be affected over time. If the pathology is not treated, the woman will remain infertile.

In addition, surveys can take a very long time. The sooner treatment is started, the more likely it is to save the reproductive organs from infertility and malignant degeneration of cysts. Trouble can befall at any age:

Causes and treatment of cystic changes in the ovaries

Cystic changes in the ovaries are usually diagnosed in women of reproductive age. These important organs are very often exposed to diseases.

A cyst is a neoplasm filled with fluid. It has a distinctly delimited contour. In diameter, it can reach 20 cm. Education can develop in the region of both the left and right ovaries.

Cysts are divided into 3 types:

1 Etiology factors

Scientists identify the following factors for the occurrence of cysts:

There are many reasons for the formation of a cyst, but it is very difficult to say what exactly influenced its formation without research.

2 Symptoms and diagnosis of the disease

The cyst is constantly developing, so the symptoms are divided into primary and secondary. At the initial stage, education does not manifest itself, the menstrual cycle does not even change. There may be mild pain in the lower abdomen. It is found during a routine examination by a gynecologist.

The leg of the cyst often twists during physical exertion, causing severe pain. It can compress the intestines, contributing to its obstruction. Possible rupture of the cyst, bleeding and infection. This is a secondary symptom.

Scientists argue that the most common lesion of the right ovary. This is due to its increased activity compared to the left. A cyst is found on ultrasound of the pelvic organs. The patient may be concerned about:

• feeling of heaviness in the pelvic area;
• periodic pain and discharge of blood clots from the vagina;
• pain when urinating;
• nausea after strenuous exercise.

Cystic formation leads to weight gain, an increase in the volume of the abdomen, hypertension, dizziness and general weakness. This is an occasion for an urgent appeal to a specialist.

When making a diagnosis, the following methods are used:

• examination by a gynecologist;
• MRI and CT;
• puncture of the posterior fornix of the vagina;
• blood test for tumor markers and general indicators;
• laparoscopic examination of a cyst of the right ovary.

3 Methods of therapy

If discomfort occurs, you should abandon any kind of physical activity, take an anesthetic. The method of therapy is selected only by a doctor. This applies even to alternative medicine.

There are only 2 methods of treating pathology:

Drug therapy involves the use of hormonal contraceptives (oral). They normalize the menstrual cycle, stop the growth of cysts and the maturation of follicles. Anti-inflammatory drugs relieve pain symptoms.

Surgical treatments include:

1. Laparoscopic cyst removal. During surgery, the surgeon pumps gas into the abdominal cavity and makes a small incision. A laparoscope inserted through it allows the doctor to determine the location of the formation and carry out its subsequent removal.
2. Laparotomy. This is a traumatic type of surgery. A complete incision is made in the abdominal wall. The operation is performed under general anesthesia.

4 Recovery after surgery

During the rehabilitation period, it is imperative to follow all the recommendations of the attending physician, which will be given upon discharge from the hospital. It:

Our readers confirmed that they were helped by the method that Elena Malysheva advised in one of her programs. Therefore, we decided to insert a link to and to other reviews. Read more.

• sexual abstinence for 2 months after surgery;
• daily treatment of the seam with a disinfectant solution;
• refusal of the bath for 15 days;
• exception for 30 days of fatty foods and alcoholic beverages;
• pregnancy planning not earlier than 3-4 months after the intervention;
• regular visits to the doctor to monitor the recovery process.

During the rehabilitation period, it is allowed to use traditional medicine. Decoctions of medicinal plants are useful for general recovery of the body and as a preventive measure. They are used in courses of 2-3 months. Medical fees are prescribed by a doctor. They can be purchased at a pharmacy.

With timely treatment, the prognosis is always favorable. But the lack of therapy can lead to the development of complications:

• suppuration or rupture of the cyst;
• intra-abdominal bleeding;
• squeezing nearby organs with a large cyst size.

For the timely detection of neoplasms in the ovarian region, regular visits to the gynecologist are required. In advanced cases, complications are inevitable.

Cystic ovarian change: causes and treatment

Cystic change in the ovaries (polycystic) is determined by the development of anomalies in the internal organs, which are characterized by the formation of almost colorless cysts with contents inside. It is important to note that the development of this disease occurs at any age, but most often in the range from 15 to 25 years, when a restructuring of the female body is observed.

Cystic change of the ovaries. The reasons

Polycystic disease is primarily a hormonal disease, which, as noted above, occurs at almost any age. Most often it occurs in adolescence, during the period when the menstrual cycle is just beginning to form. On the other hand, at a more mature age, a cystic change in the ovaries also takes place, however, in this case, the cause is often chronic diseases of the genitourinary system. Also, the main reasons experts include the following:

• Constant stress.
• Heredity.
• Reduced immunity.
• Respiratory disorders.

Most often, cystic-glial changes are observed during the next gynecological examination. However, it often happens that the fair sex simply does not visit a doctor, therefore, the problem subsequently discovered will be of a protracted nature, which will greatly complicate its treatment. Here are the main symptoms of PCOS:

• Regular drawing pains in the lower abdomen.
• Violation of the menstrual cycle. For example, monthly appear every few months, heavy bleeding, complete cessation of menstruation.
• Chronic pelvic pain.
• Acne and pimples appear on the face, the skin is oily.
• Inability to get pregnant for a long time (in the absence of contraception for about three months).
• Rapid weight gain (up to 10 kilograms).

Cystic change of the ovaries. Treatment

As noted above, polycystic is an endocrine disease, therefore, treatment usually begins with a course of hormonal drugs. In this case, the dosage of drugs should be prescribed exclusively by a specialist. Thanks to the course of therapy, it is possible to maintain the basic and primary functions of the ovaries, as well as to induce ovulation. This method, as practice shows, is effective in approximately 90% of cases. It is important to note that hormone treatment is not limited, sometimes surgery is also required. So, thanks to a timely operation, it is possible to restore the main functions of the affected organs, as well as increase the chances of pregnancy. Some patients are helped by the so-called herbal medicine, in particular, if there is a cystic change in the right ovary. However, fees and infusions should be selected by a qualified specialist. He also monitors the dosage and time of administration, and also recommends the duration of therapy. For example, some fees are supposed to be drunk before meals, while others, on the contrary, after. According to scientists, herbal medicine only helps to alleviate the symptoms, but not completely cure the patient.

There are many gynecological diseases, the main cause of which is an imbalance in the ratio of female and male hormones. Such disorders cause active synthesis of androgen (male hormone), and the productivity of female sex hormones decreases. Changes can develop on the left, right ovary, or simultaneously on both ovaries. With polycystic disease (cystic change in the ovaries), various complications, inflammatory processes, which are accompanied by the absence of ovulation, may appear.

What types of cysts are

The appearance of neoplasms and cysts in the ovaries is considered a serious gynecological disease, which requires hormonal treatment to eliminate. Depending on the level of hormone production and the functioning of the ovaries, various types of cysts can appear.

• In most cases, so-called false cysts are observed, the main reason for their appearance is considered to be hormonal disruptions in the ovaries. The patient in such cases does not notice the main signs of the disease, since the formations form spontaneously, do not affect the general state of health, and disappear on their own. False cysts do not belong to the cellular atypia characteristic of the development of cancer. They spontaneously arise in the ovaries due to dysfunction, are not huge, are accompanied by localized one-sided pain, and cause a delay in the monthly cycle.
• A variety of false cysts is considered a follicular cyst. If it is present in the menstrual cycle, the following is observed in normal times: the egg does not leave the follicle, estrogen continues to be produced, and menstruation is delayed. As you know, after ovulation, the corpus luteum remains intact, it continues to synthesize progesterone and estrone. This process causes the appearance of a corpus luteum cyst. The patient begins to notice all the main signs characteristic of pregnancy, but during tests, the results will be negative. Such types of formations do not require surgical intervention.
• In medical practice, there are also types of cysts that do not appear as a result of hormonal changes in the female body, they are not characterized by spontaneous remission. Such cysts can grow to large sizes and create discomfort in nearby internal organs (rectum, bladder, and intestines). Small cysts have no particular symptoms.
• Formations containing sebum and fluid inside themselves are called dermoids, organic cysts. Their cavity is filled with a viscous yellowish liquid, which in its consistency resembles gelatin. Organic cysts are subject to prompt removal, as over time they can lead to the development of oncology.

Causes of cysts

The ovaries are one of the main genital organs of a woman, they are located in the small pelvis, are responsible for the formation, development and growth of eggs, secrete progesterone, estrogen. Sometimes in the ovaries there is a change that accompanies the appearance of polycystic. Polycystic disease is characterized by the neoplasm inside and outside the ovary of the majority of benign vesicles. This type of disease is seen in 7% of patients. Polycystic changes are divided into primary and secondary:

• Primary polycystosis has a congenital or hereditary appearance. It develops in girls at the beginning of the appearance of the menstrual cycle or during puberty.
• Secondary polycystosis is noted in patients who have previously suffered diseases on the ovaries and subsequently inflammatory processes caused disturbances in the work and functioning of organs. This type of neoplasm can appear in patients at any age.

The main factors affecting the structure and activity of the ovaries include various stressful situations, artificial interruption in the early stages of pregnancy, arbitrary abortions, acute infectious diseases of the upper respiratory organs. Sometimes polycystic disease begins to form when the patient changes his place of residence and begins to live in a different climate zone. The cause of formations is also a malfunction of the pituitary gland and thyroid gland.

Signs of cystic changes

To determine polycystosis, there is a special diagnosis that allows you to study in detail the appearance of disorders and changes in the ovaries. The first thing that a patient can notice on their own is a violation of the menstrual cycle and the absence of menstruation itself.

The formation of cysts leads not only to failures in ovulation, but also causes anovulation. Such changes are of a long-term nature, often the absence of menstruation is replaced by internal bleeding. The formation of cysts in the ovaries is accompanied by modifications in the skin and hairline. Acne, acne, seborrhea appear on the skin. Another sign of the disease is a rapid weight gain of up to 15 kilograms. Fat deposits are seen in the waist, abdomen, the so-called "antennae" may appear above the upper lip, hair growth sharply increases in the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe shins, thighs, perineum and abdomen.

Polycystic is always accompanied by pain, sometimes the pain is sharp, sometimes moderate. The pain covers the area of ​​the lower back, pelvis and lower abdomen. After undergoing research and testing for hormones, the doctor can determine the exact diagnosis and stage of polycystic disease.

The appearance of cysts on the right and left ovaries

With the normal functioning of the ovaries, the formation of sex hormones in the correct ratio occurs, that is, male sex hormones do not exceed the level of female ones. The appearance of cysts on the right or left ovary disrupts homeostasis, after which the balance of hormones in the female body changes. The number of male sex hormones increases, they inhibit the formation of female hormones, as a result, the egg stops developing every month, and ovulation disappears.

Often the lack of ovulation is the main cause of not only polycystic disease, but also the primary stage of infertility. The appearance of cysts on the right ovary causes disruptions in the menstrual cycle, excess weight and vegetation appear on the body. Similar modifications in the right ovary are explained by the malfunction of the female gonads, adrenal glands, thyroid gland and pituitary-hypothalamus. An important role in this type of disease is played by heredity.

The formation of polycystosis in the right ovary is accompanied by a deficiency in the body of insulin. Polycystic in the left ovary is explained by various types of diseases, the main of which is considered a violation in the hormonal balance. In this case, the regularity of menstruation stops, the work of the adrenal glands stops.

Classification of cysts

There are two types of polycystic:

• primary (true)
• secondary (acquired).

The primary form of the disease is due to heredity and congenital factors. The secondary form occurs as a result of previously transferred diseases on the ovaries. The reasons for the formation of cysts on the ovaries are constant stressful situations, breastfeeding, the use of contraceptives, sudden weight gain or weight loss. With untimely access to specialists and improper treatment of this disease, the patient may become infertile.

There is no need to be afraid of the diagnosis of polycystic, as it only indicates the presence of problems in the functioning of the ovaries. The process of treating cysts is not complicated, modern medicine is represented by various therapeutic methods and drugs. The most important thing is to start treatment immediately when a disease is detected. Diagnosis of polycystic disease consists in the study of smear tests for microflora and blood tests for hormone levels.

The appearance of cysts on both ovaries

The appearance of a huge number of cysts on both ovaries is called polycystic. The main cause of the disease is hormonal imbalance. There may be no signs of polycystic disease, the only symptom that may appear is the absence of menstruation. In addition, hair appears on the skin, acne, and body weight increases dramatically. With polycystic disease, both the left and right ovaries are affected. If the disease is not treated, it threatens with complete infertility.

Cystic neoplasms during pregnancy

Neoplasms on the ovaries are dangerous at any age, especially carefully you need to treat this disease during pregnancy. It is best when the diagnosis is carried out before puberty, then a course of hormone therapy is prescribed. After successful treatment, a positive prognosis for the bearing and birth of a healthy child appears. But if polycystic disease is detected during pregnancy, it is also subject to treatment. It is very important to carry out preventive measures before pregnancy, namely to avoid various stressful situations, adverse factors and hypothermia.

Identification of violations in the work of the ovaries occurs when a woman undergoes a gynecological examination. It is very important for women to undergo medical monitoring in a timely manner, and if problems are identified, treatment should be started immediately. If you notice the inability to get pregnant, a failure in the menstruation cycle, the absence of ovulation, you need to urgently take action.

Medical diagnostics is represented by various types of laboratory tests and studies, a general examination of the mucous membranes and skin, in addition, the gynecologist can visually detect changes in the size of the ovaries, the appearance of neoplasms. With the help of ultrasound examination, it is possible to study the size of cysts, their internal content, as well as density. Laboratory blood tests indicate the hormonal level, for which the adrenal glands, pituitary gland are responsible.

Ultrasound of the pelvic organs is considered the most effective research method. With the help of the examination, an assessment of all kinds of pathologies of the uterine membrane is made. To do this, a special sensor is inserted into the vagina, after which a visual analysis of the state of the organs, the stage of the disease, and the presence of neoplasms is done. On the monitor of the device, the specialist sees all the echo signs of changes in the structure of the ovaries.

Treatment of polycystic

Surgical intervention is considered one of the methods for treating cysts, but modern technologies in medicine allow the use of more conservative methods in the form of:

• Correction and stabilization of hormonal balance;
• Restoring the norm of body weight;
• Normalization of reproductive and menstrual function.

In addition, doctors prescribe hormone therapy, which has a beneficial effect on subsequent pregnancy and the fight against infertility. Women should periodically check their health status, if diseases are detected, they are treated, since chronic forms of polycystic disease can lead to the development of cancer of the mammary glands, uterus and endometrium.

Ovarian cyst: video

kistaportal.ru

Cystic change of the ovary.

Zykova Anastasia Vyacheslavovna

Hello, Anastasia Vyacheslavovna.

It's not that treatment or removal of ovarian cysts is prescribed only before a planned pregnancy. The fact is that it is very difficult to achieve conception with a cystic change in the ovary. Spontaneous pregnancy with cystic changes in the ovaries is possible, but ovulation occurs so rarely that pregnancy can occur after several months or even years of waiting. Usually, with this diagnosis, ovulation is stimulated to obtain pregnancy. This is probably why the doctor is in no hurry to treat.

As for the urgent need for treatment and correction of cystic changes, this is done only on the recommendations of the attending physician based on the results of the examination (ultrasound, tests for sex hormones, etc.). It makes sense to be observed by a gynecologist-endocrinologist, and if conception is planned, then by a gynecologist-reproductologist.

In general, ovarian cysts (follicular ovarian cyst, corpus luteum cyst, endometrioid ovarian cyst, etc.) are benign non-tumor processes in the ovaries. Laparoscopic interventions for ovarian cysts are the "gold standard" for operations, as they are accompanied by minimal trauma to the abdominal wall and do not lead to the formation of adhesions in the pelvic area.

Indications for surgical treatment are: any formation in the ovary (tumor, cyst) that has existed for 3 months and has not undergone regression on its own or under the influence of hormonal or anti-inflammatory therapy, a tumor or cyst that appeared during menopause, the development of complications , such as "torsion" of the cyst legs, hemorrhage into the cyst, rupture of the cyst, suppuration of the cyst, as well as suspicion of malignancy of the process.

The volume of the operation performed is decided individually: both at the examination stage and during the intervention - cystectomy (husking of the cyst, unchanged ovarian tissue remains intact), resection of a part of the ovary, oophorectomy (removal of the entire ovary), adnexectomy (removal of the uterine appendages (ovary + fallopian tube ) from the affected side). The duration of the operation is from 15 to 40 minutes.

With a benign histology of the cyst, the operation ends. If there is a suspicion of malignancy, the scope of surgical intervention expands - from the removal of the appendages and the histological examination of the other ovary to the removal of the uterus with the appendages and the greater omentum.

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Causes of the appearance of cystic formations

Ovarian cysts are a very common condition in women of reproductive age. Despite the fact that cysts are considered benign, they can be a source of big problems. To better understand the dangers of this pathology, you need to know the causes of its development.

What is a disease

A cyst is a vesicular pathological formation. In fact, it is a benign tumor.

Depending on their origin, cysts have a very different histological structure. The cells lining the cavity of the bladder and its contents are distinguished: liquid, mucous or jelly-like. Inside the cavity there may be an effusion of blood plasma, pus, blood cells.

It can form as one tumor, or several at the same time. This condition is called cystoma or polycystic. The size of the formations changes during development and can become very large.

The cyst is not a cancerous tumor, but it can be reborn into it.

ovarian cysts

The ovaries are small glands located on either side of the uterus. They are the primary sexual characteristics of a woman. Their main task is the production of female hormones, the production of eggs.

The formation of cystic tumors of the left or right ovary is typical for women of childbearing age. Less commonly, it is diagnosed in young girls and women who have overcome the menopause: in the first, the ovaries have not yet begun to function normally, the menstrual cycle and hormonal levels have not been established, and in the second, ovarian function is already reduced. However, a benign formation in the structure of the left or right organ may be congenital.

This pathological condition may not give itself away and be discovered by chance during a routine gynecological examination or ultrasound. Palpation of the abdomen makes it impossible to feel the tumor. Sometimes pathologies make themselves felt only when their size becomes very large.

The change may concern one ovary, for example, the left one. In this case, we are talking about a unilateral cyst. Bilateral tumor occurs in the area of ​​the right and left ovaries.

A cyst can interfere with the normal functioning of the ovaries and even lead to the development of critical, life-threatening conditions. In such cases, its surgical removal is indicated. Some formations have a high risk of malignancy.

Each neoplasm must be subjected to careful analysis to determine whether radical treatment is required. Palpation only allows diagnosing that the size of the ovary exceeds the norm, but the type of cystic formation cannot be established in this way.

Types of cysts

Cystic formations in the structure of the female gonads are not similar to each other. They are united only by the shape of the bubble, and the cells that form the bubble and lining its cavity, the composition and consistency of the liquid may differ. Also, pathological structures have different causes of formation, size, location (tissue of the right or left ovary).

Given the different comparison parameters, the following, most complete, classification of benign ovarian tumors can be obtained.

By education time:

• congenital: cysts are formed in the embryonic period of development; by type, these are usually dermoids;
• acquired: formations develop in the process of life.

Functional cysts

This type of cyst is the most common. Their other name is physiological. Such tumors are not pathogenic, treatment is usually not required. They are formed from the tissues of the ovary itself in violation of the mechanisms of ovulation. A functional cyst in most cases resolves on its own within one to three monthly cycles. If this does not happen, treatment is necessary.

1. Follicular. It is formed if the follicle does not break, but continues to grow, turning into a cystic structure.
2. Yellow cyst. It is formed if the corpus luteum is not destroyed for a long time.
3. Polycystic ovaries. A pathological condition in which many follicles do not burst in due time, continuing their growth and turning into cysts. Multiple small cystic changes in the ovaries are formed. Adequate treatment is necessary, since polycystic disease can lead to infertility.
4. Hemorrhagic cyst. The rupture of the vessel leads to the filling of the follicle with blood and its increase. This is a very painful and dangerous condition. If the bleeding does not stop, surgery is required.

Cysts are also distinguished by their histological structure.

1. Dermoid (teratomas). This is a very advanced tumor containing almost all tissues: it has nerves, muscles, cartilage, fatty tissue, even hair and sweat glands. Formations grow slowly and occur almost always on the right. Usually dermoid teratoma is congenital.
2. Serous (cystomas). The cavity of such formations has a transparent liquid content, and the cells of its walls are identical to the mucous membrane of the fallopian tubes or the outer surface of the ovary. There is a predominantly unilateral tumor (for example, of the left ovary).
3. Mucinous. Similar to serous cystomas, with the difference that the formation cells resemble the cells lining the vagina at the junction with the cervix. Serous and mucinous tumors grow rapidly, can reach a significant size and are diagnosed mainly in mature women after 45 years of age. The mucinous cyst has a high risk of malignancy.
4. Endometriosis (endometrioid). Tumor tissues are identical to the mucous membrane of the uterine cavity. The liquid content of the bladder has a chocolate color, since it is formed from blood clots, which are secreted by the cyst, like a uterus during menstruation. The size of an endometrioid cyst is usually small.
5. Papillary. This is a dangerous condition that is considered to be precancerous. A feature of the structure of such a cyst is the presence of papillary growths on the surface. Requires radical, surgical treatment.

By location, the cyst is paraovarian: the tumor does not occur on the ovary, but in the body cavity, between the gland and the uterus. Has a wide distribution. It is usually laid in the embryonic period, but develops in adulthood under the influence of stress factors (diseases, hormonal disorders). The size of the cystic formation can increase rapidly.

Cysts can have different etiologies.

1. Hormonal etiology. Almost any type of formation can develop against the background of hormonal disorders in the body. This is especially true for functional tumors.
2. Retention (functional) etiology. A cyst of this type can form in any gland if the outflow of its contents is disturbed. Retention tumors can occur on the salivary glands. This mechanism is also characteristic of the formation of functional tumors.

Whatever type of cyst is diagnosed, it requires attention and treatment. The main dangers: the large size of tumors, the risk of oncology and infection.

Causes of benign ovarian tumors

The global cause of the formation of cysts is almost always a hormonal failure in the body of a woman (or her mother, if the cyst is congenital). It is the instability of the hormonal background that leads to violations of internal mechanisms, causing cell migration.

Factors that increase the likelihood of the formation of cystic tumors:

• puberty;
• pregnancy, childbirth, abortion;
• menopause;
• diseases of the endocrine system, hormone therapy;
• violation of sexual hygiene.

Decreased immunity and microbial infection of the reproductive system can be of great importance. These factors lead to various pathological conditions and processes, which in turn cause the formation of tumors.

Inflammation of the appendages due to a bacterial (rarely viral or mycobacterial) infection can also cause the formation of cysts of the left or right ovary. Edema develops, vascular exudate (effusion) fills the space between the cells, and the size of the ovary increases. Inflammatory cysts are accompanied by temporary infertility. Proper antibiotic treatment completely eliminates the problem.

Congenital dermoid cyst

In the process of intrauterine formation of the organism, three germ layers are involved: endoderm, ectoderm and mesoderm. There is a clear layout of organs and tissues, the violation of which leads to the development of various congenital pathologies. From each leaf, a specific organ system is formed at a certain time. Thus, the ectoderm and mesoderm form the tissues of the left and right ovaries.

If the germ layers are mixed, a cyst is formed. It may include the rudiments of teeth, nails, hair. From the word "dermis" it is called dermoid. The cause of the cyst is a violation of the embryonic developmental mechanisms, which can be caused by hormonal problems in the mother's body or other factors. Such formation, as a rule, has a constant size.

Functional cystic formations

As the name implies, the formation of cysts can be caused by a dysfunction of the organ. The main purpose of the ovary is the formation of eggs, subject to a strict monthly cycle. If the course of one of its stages is disturbed, pathological changes are possible.

In a normal state, the egg during ovulation leaves the bursting follicle into the fallopian tube. The follicle turns into a corpus luteum, which is a temporary endocrine organ that prepares the body for a potential pregnancy. If this does not occur, the corpus luteum is reduced. Otherwise, it is also reduced, while other organs take over hormonal regulation.

However, the worked out scheme may be violated. For example, the follicle does not burst. The main reason for this pathology is the insufficient synthesis of luteinizing hormone in the body of a woman. The follicle continues to grow, forming a temporary (follicular) cyst. This sometimes happens in the body of healthy women and does not lead to serious disorders - the formation takes place over several cycles.

There may be an overgrowth of the corpus luteum instead of its destruction. It is extremely rare for a luteal cyst to reach a large size and provoke sharp pain.

If such violations occur from cycle to cycle, a cluster of unopened growing follicles is formed, the size of which increases. This phenomenon is called polycystic. Polycystic left and right ovaries is tantamount to infertility and requires serious treatment. At the same time, “menses” may continue, which are actually acyclic uterine bleeding.

Cell migration

In the tissues of the ovaries, there may be a focus of foreign cells, similar to the lining of the uterus - the endometrium. The reasons for this pathology lie both in embryonic disorders and in the banal non-observance of hygiene during menstruation (sex or bathing during menstruation), which contributes to the reflux of menstrually active cells from the uterus to the ovaries. During menstruation, bleeding occurs, in which the contents of the cystic bladder come out - chocolate-colored blood clots.

A cyst is a benign formation, but it cannot be left unattended. In most cases, surgical treatment is indicated.

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Ovarian corpus luteum cyst - treatment in Moscow

Ovarian cysts are neoplasms of the female genital organs and are often diagnosed in women of reproductive age. As a rule, an ovarian cyst is a formation filled with fluid, with clear contours. The maximum diameter of a cyst can be 20 cm, but small cysts are common.

1. Corpus luteum cysts are the most common type of ovarian cyst. This is a benign functional cyst of small size, which is formed from an overripe follicle: in some cases, the follicle does not burst and fills with fluid, transforming into a cyst.
2. Endometrioid. It is formed from the tissues of the endometrial mucosa located in the ovary. Such cysts are also called chocolate, as they have a brown color due to the accumulated blood.
3. Hemorrhagic: This is a cyst with hemorrhage, originally a cyst of the corpus luteum.
4. Serous: the so-called epithelial tumor with transparent contents.
5. Mucinous: also an epithelial cyst with clear contents and several chambers.
6. Dermoid cyst. A cyst with a complex structure, growing rather slowly, including components of the connective tissue.
7. Epithelial and germ cell tumors. Rare formations; epithelial tumors can be malignant, germ cell tumors are benign, but often grow rapidly and reach large sizes.

• abortion,
• bad habits,
• endocrine diseases (obesity, diabetes mellitus),
• violation of the menstrual cycle,
• early onset of menstruation and sexual activity,
• surgical interventions on the genitals,
• inflammatory diseases of the genital organs and intestines, etc.

Thus, there are a lot of reasons for the formation of certain cysts, and in each specific case it is difficult to say what exactly influenced the development of the cyst.

How do ovarian cysts appear?

Very often, cysts are found by chance during an ultrasound examination of the ovaries, but some cysts still manifest certain symptoms:

• pressing, pulling or stabbing pains in the lower abdomen,
• pain in the lower abdomen when urinating and defecation,
• menstrual disorders, especially the type of algomenorrhea (painful menstruation),
• feeling of nausea after physical exertion and sexual intercourse,
• bleeding from the genital tract outside of menstruation.

A dangerous complication of an ovarian cyst is its rupture; this condition is a medical emergency. The rupture of the cyst is accompanied by the release of its contents into the abdominal cavity with the development of peritonitis (inflammation of the peritoneum). The symptoms of this condition are as follows:

• dizziness, severe weakness,
• pallor of the skin and mucous membranes,
• nausea, vomiting,
• loss of consciousness,
• sharp pains in the lower abdomen.

What is the diagnosis of an ovarian cyst?

In the event that the size of the cyst is small, it cannot be probed, but only identified using diagnostic methods:

1. Ultrasound of the pelvic organs;
2. CT, MRI;
3. Laparoscopy: This method is invasive, while allowing the removal of the cyst, if necessary, immediately after its discovery.

Additionally, if a cyst is suspected or already detected, hormone tests (estrogen, testosterone, LH, FSH, hCG), tumor marker CA-125 are prescribed.

Treatment of ovarian cysts can be surgical when large cysts are noted (at least 8-9 cm), there are no signs of a decrease in the cyst, and also if the level of the tumor marker is elevated, that is, there is a risk of developing ovarian cancer. In many cases, the cysts will gradually resolve, but monitoring is essential.

pro-uro.ru

2018 Women's Health Blog.

A cystic change in the ovary is a gynecological disease that occurs as a result of impaired functioning of the female body due to hormonal factors.

Cysts can be different in their characteristics and are determined by what structures of the ovaries produced hormones in each individual case.

The largest part of the total number of cases in which there is a cystic change in the ovary is represented by functional cysts or, as they are also called, false ones. They are characterized by spontaneous appearance, not provoked by any obvious visible causes, and have a tendency to the same spontaneous disappearance. Their occurrence is not associated with the appearance and spread of cellular atypia, which is characteristic of cancer. The formation of functional cysts leads to dysfunction of the ovaries, they do not differ in large sizes, in some cases they can provoke clearly localized unilateral pains and lead to violations of the monthly cycle.

One of the types of false cysts is the follicular cyst. With it, after two weeks of the cycle, the egg is not released from the follicle, but estrogen production continues. This causes a delay in menstruation and the absence of ovulation.

It happens that the corpus luteum does not resolve after ovulation has occurred, and estrogen and progesterone continue to be produced in it. This phenomenon provokes the appearance of a corpus luteum cyst. All the signs inherent in the state of pregnancy begin to appear, but the test results indicate that the woman is not pregnant.

With this cystic change, surgical intervention is not required.

Cysts of an organic nature are not related to hormonal imbalances in the body; spontaneous remission does not occur if they are present. If the cyst is large, it can put pressure on nearby organs - the rectum, intestines, bladder. The existence of a small cyst may be asymptomatic.

Dermoid organic cysts are formations containing fluid with the presence of sebum. Pseudomucinous cysts are filled with a yellowish liquid, a thick, viscous liquid resembling gelatin in consistency. Serous cysts have light yellow serous contents.

ICD-10 code

N83.2 Other and unspecified ovarian cysts

Causes of a cystic change in the ovary

The causes of cystic changes in the ovary are mainly associated with a violation of the hormonal balance in the body. This mainly concerns the excessive production of androgen, the male sex hormone. Women of various age groups can be affected by this disease. It can develop both during the puberty of a girl during the formation of the menstrual cycle, and in women at an older age. In the latter case, cysts may appear as a result of chronic genitourinary diseases.

Unfavorable factors that increase the likelihood of developing such a disease are: heredity, a variety of stressful situations, acute respiratory diseases, artificial termination of pregnancy, especially if abortions were performed in the adolescent period of a woman's life. The causes of cystic changes in the ovary can also be caused by travel or moving to a new place of residence in areas located in a different climatic zone. In addition, cysts in the ovaries can develop as a result of the fact that there are other diseases characterized by impaired functioning of the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, adrenal glands or thyroid gland.

Symptoms of a cystic change in the ovary

There are a number of characteristic signs, changes and disturbances in the functioning of the female body, the appearance of which suggests that they are symptoms of a cystic change in the ovary.

Evidence of the presence of such a disease may be a violation of the regularity with which menstruation occurs. The processes of formation of cysts in the ovaries can lead to disruption of ovulation up to its complete absence - anovulation. This has as its manifestations changes in the monthly cycle, prolonged, more than a month delay in menstruation or amenorrhea - their absence. Sometimes delays in menstruation for a long time can be replaced by periods of uterine bleeding.

Symptoms of a cystic change in the ovary are also manifested in the appearance of a tendency to increase the skin and hair, acne, acne and seborrhea may appear. The phenomenon accompanying the development of cysts in the ovaries is a sharp increase in weight from 10 to 15 kilograms. Obesity can be both in the nature of a uniform distribution of deposits throughout the body, and occur according to the male type - with an increase in fat mass, mainly in the abdomen and waist. In addition, the amount of hair on the body increases: in the perineum, on the abdomen, thighs and legs, the appearance of "antennae" above the upper lip is noted.

There are regular pain symptoms of a pulling nature, of moderate severity, covering the lower abdomen and possibly radiating to the lower back and pelvic region.

Conducting a study on the content of hormones shows the following results. Hormones produced by the pituitary gland, thyroid gland and ovaries exceed the norm of their content.

Cystic change of the right ovary

In the process of normal healthy functioning of all organs of the female body, the ovaries produce sex hormones in the required ratio, both female - progesterone and estrogen, and male - androgens. A cystic change in the right ovary, and equally in the left, destroys homeostasis, which is the state of the optimal balance of hormones in the human body. Increasing at the same time, the amount of male hormone produced, which prevails over female hormones, leads to inhibition of the processes of monthly maturation of the egg, that is, ovulation does not occur.

Lack of ovulation, and as a result, a symptom of primary infertility due to cysts that occur in the ovaries, is one of the characteristic features inherent in this disease. In addition, a cystic change in the right ovary leads to menstrual irregularities (oligo-amenorrhea), and growth of body hair, and overweight may also appear.

The occurrence of a cystic change in the right ovary may be due to impaired functioning of the pituitary-hypothalamus, female gonads, thyroid gland, adrenal glands. A certain role in increasing the risk of developing this disease can also play a hereditary factor. In addition, the prerequisites for the appearance of cysts in the ovary may lie in an excess of insulin, which contributes to the active production of androgens.

Cystic change of the left ovary

Left ovarian cystic change is a disease associated with hormonal imbalance in the body, and occurs due to a malfunction in the regulation of the menstrual cycle due to impaired functioning of the hypothalamus, pituitary gland or adrenal glands.

Currently, there is a classification of this female ailment into two of its varieties. The first form is true or primary polycystic. It is caused by the presence of a congenital disease or certain hereditary factors of predisposition to this disease. The secondary form of the disease has ovarian disease as the cause of its occurrence.

Factors representing a risk group that a cystic change in the left ovary may develop are susceptibility to stressful situations, a sudden change in body weight in the direction of both increase and decrease, it can also occur while taking contraceptives and breastfeeding.

It is necessary to pay attention to the fact that this disease, if timely appropriate measures are not taken to cure it, can lead to infertility.

On the other hand, its detection, in many cases, occurs just during examinations and diagnostic measures to determine the cause of infertility.

However, the diagnosis, which states the presence of cystic changes in the ovaries, should by no means cause panic and plunge despair. Currently, there are a sufficient number of different therapeutic methods that will help to cope with this disease. The main thing is to start treatment on time.

A comprehensive diagnosis is carried out using a comprehensive examination by ultrasound, laboratory blood tests for hormones and the presence of latent infections, a smear to determine the microflora.

Cystic change in both ovaries

Cystic change of both ovaries - a female disease, also called polycystic ovaries, is characterized by the fact that small cysts grow in large numbers on the surface of the ovaries. The reason for the development of such a pathological process is a hormonal imbalance in the female body. The course of the disease may be distinguished by the absence of any symptoms, in some cases, menstrual dysfunction by the type of oligomenorrhea is possible. Distinctive signs indicating the presence of this disease are also the growth of body hair, a sudden significant increase in body weight, the appearance of acne.

Congenital polycystic or primary polycystic may first appear in adolescence, during puberty in the process of how the menstrual function is formed. In subsequent age periods of a woman's life, the causes of a cystic change in both ovaries may be a chronic pathology associated with the functions of the endocrine system, or due to infectious and inflammatory processes in the female genitourinary system. This type of disease is called secondary polycystic ovaries.

The formation of cysts in the ovaries, and especially if both the left and right are involved in such processes at the same time, requires the earliest possible start of appropriate treatment. Otherwise, there is a high probability of infertility.

Cystic ovary and pregnancy

Cystic change in the ovary and pregnancy - an approach to this issue requires particularly close consideration and care, since cysts in the ovaries pose a danger to the health of a woman at any age. It does not matter if a woman gave birth before she was diagnosed and ascertained the presence of this disease. If the disease is diagnosed during puberty, the girl, in order to avoid the possibility of all sorts of complications, should regularly undergo therapeutic courses of hormone treatment. A positive result of such therapeutic measures, as well as the removal of the cyst by the laparoscopic method, is that this increases the possibility of a favorable prognosis for the bearing and birth of a healthy child, even if the expectant mother has such a disease. Thus, it can be argued that a cystic change in the ovary and pregnancy - in the realities of the present time, are not something out of the ordinary.

It is only necessary to remember when planning a child that the effectiveness of treatment and the likelihood of a speedy recovery depend on how early the disease is detected and how appropriate measures are taken in a timely manner to prevent further development of pathological progress. It is also important, in addition to this, to take care to protect yourself from hypothermia, the progression of chronic diseases, and avoid stressful factors and situations.

Diagnosis of cystic changes in the ovary

Diagnosis of cystic changes in the ovary and the detection of this disease mainly occurs during a woman's preventive gynecological examination. Therefore, it is very important to visit the appropriate medical specialist on a regular basis, who, based on a regular examination of the state of the genitourinary system of the female body, is able to see signs that may indicate the onset of the formation of cysts in the ovary, in one or both at once. And, based on the positive results of the necessary additional diagnostic measures, appropriate treatment should be prescribed as soon as possible.

The diagnosis, ascertaining the presence of cysts in the ovaries, is made in cases where there is a combination of at least two of the following factors:

• The presence of impaired functioning of the ovary, the result of which is a failure in the regularity of the menstrual cycle, as well as the absence of ovulation and the inability to become pregnant
• The phenomenon of excessive production of male androgen hormones for the female body. Hyperandrogenism causes the appearance of an increased amount of hair on the body, provokes acne, leads to increased greasiness of the skin and seborrhea.
• An increase in the size of the ovary and the presence of cystic changes in it detected during an echoscopic or laparoscopic examination.

Diagnosis of cystic changes in the ovary is carried out using a number of methods of instrumental research and laboratory tests. Their use is preceded by a general examination in order to determine the type of physique, the condition of the mucous membranes and skin, the nature of hair growth, etc.; and the passage by a woman of a vaginal-abdominal examination on a gynecological chair to detect changes in the size of the ovary and the presence of seals.

Ultrasound examination shows that the ovary is enlarged, has a dense capsule, and there are many small follicular cysts on the periphery. According to the results of doplerometry, increased blood flow in the vessels of the ovary is noted.

A laboratory blood test is done to determine the content of hormones produced by the ovaries, pituitary gland, adrenal glands.

Allows confirmation of cystic changes in the ovary as well as laparoscopy.

Echo signs of cystic changes in the ovaries

Ultrasound examination of the pelvic organs allows you to make a visual assessment of the condition of the ovaries, and also helps to identify possible changes in the thickness of the uterine mucosa. The transvaginal method of conducting ultrasound of the pelvic organs in women consists in introducing a special ultrasound probe into the vagina. This diagnostic device, emitting special ultra-high frequency sound waves, transmits the reflected signal to the screen of a computer monitor, where an image of the internal organs located in the small pelvis is recreated, among which are also the ovaries. The use of transvaginal echography makes it possible to achieve a greater degree of information in the study, when compared with the transabdominal type of ultrasound diagnostics. When the sensor is placed in the vagina, it becomes possible to visually analyze the contents that take place in the preovulatory follicles, determine the stage of oocyte maturity, and diagnose endometriosis in its small forms. In addition, this method of research is effective in polycystic ovaries, and also allows you to diagnose uterine pregnancy in obese women in the presence of adhesions in the pelvic area.

Echo signs of cystic changes in the ovaries, when visualized on the screen of an ultrasound device, look like the so-called "string of pearls". This designation was used to describe what the ovarian follicles look like on ultrasound. Each of the dark circles in the computer image is an image of an ovarian cyst.

Treatment of cystic ovarian change

Treatment of cystic changes in the ovary is based on a comprehensive approach and is prescribed after a comprehensive diagnosis has been made. The courses of treatment for this disease are long and include, if necessary, the use of drugs that have an effect on the hormonal sphere of the female body. The main directions on which all therapeutic measures are oriented is to contribute to the restoration and normalization of the processes associated with ovulation and the menstrual cycle, a woman's ability to bear children.

Depending on the indications, the stage and severity of the disease, as well as other concomitant factors, the treatment of cystic changes in the ovary can be performed conservatively, or by the method of surgical intervention.

The essence of conservative treatment is that hormonal drugs are prescribed: anti-estrogens; combined oral contraceptives of anti-androgenic action, which manifests itself in the restoration of the menstrual cycle, and as a result of which hyperandrogenism passes; gonadotropins - ovulation stimulants.

In cases where treatment with conservative methods may not be effective enough, and in addition, if endometriotic hyperplasia develops, a surgical method of treatment becomes relevant. To date, operations for cysts in the ovary are mainly performed laparoscopically and are characterized by a low degree of trauma. During such a surgical intervention, a wedge-shaped resection is performed, the essence of which is the partial removal of ovarian tissue that has undergone cystic changes. Another type of surgical intervention is the cauterization, or cautery, of the affected areas of the ovary. As a result, there is a decrease in the level of androgen production, and ovulation is normalized.

After a surgical intervention, the possibility of becoming pregnant remains in 65% of women who have undergone this operation. The most favorable for this is the period during the first six months after such treatment.

Prevention of cystic changes in the ovary

Prevention of cystic changes in the ovary is of great importance due to the fact that the full cure for this disease, if it has appeared, is not possible. The main task of treatment is mainly to ensure that the maximum possible favorable conditions and help increase the possibility of becoming pregnant. Women who live with this disease, when they are planning a child, are prescribed a treatment course aimed at restoring and stimulating the development of the egg. Since ovarian cystic changes tend to progress with increasing age, pregnancy should be planned as early as possible.

Prevention of cystic changes in the ovary is a series of mandatory rules and principles, following which will reduce the risk of this disease. In order to be as safe as possible from such a possibility, it is enough to adhere to recommendations on preventive measures similar to those in relation to all other diseases of the genitourinary system of a woman. One of the very first and simplest rules to follow is the need for regular visits to the appropriate medical specialist for a gynecological examination. Detecting a disease at an early stage increases the likelihood of a favorable outcome of timely prescribed treatment, and also avoids many side effects and complications associated with its progress. . The most formidable of which is infertility.

An important factor is also the prevention of infections, inflammations and diseases that can adversely affect the functioning of the ovaries.

In the event that the disease, as it progresses, managed to reach its rather severe stages, this leads to a very negative prognosis of a cystic change in the ovary. One of the main aggravating factors in this case is such a feature of the mechanisms of development and course of this disease as its carcinogenic properties. This means that if untimely or untreated, it can provoke malignant processes in the endometrium of the uterus.

In addition, cysts in the ovary act as a factor provoking bleeding in the uterus. But the most serious consequence of neglected and timely measures against cystic changes in the ovary is a significantly increased risk of infertility.

On the other hand, although it is often believed that this disease and the ability to become pregnant, carry and give birth to a child are mutually exclusive phenomena, this is by no means a sentence. With proper treatment, a woman has every chance to experience the joys of motherhood.

What to do if diagnosed with "cystic change in the ovaries"? What are the consequences? If a gynecologist and an ultrasound specialist detect a similar pathology in a woman, then there is a problem associated with the thyroid gland, the pineal gland (located in the brain and is responsible for the performance of the endocrine system). The fact is that ovarian cystosis is a consequence, and not a direct pathology of the reproductive organs.

There are several types of cystic ovarian formations. For example, a three-chamber and multi-chamber transformation is more dangerous than a small-cystic, single-chamber ovary.

Large cystic or small cystic ovarian degeneration occurs. That is, the cysts that form in the reproductive organ have a certain size. Unfortunately, over time, the affected organs can increase in size. Therefore, timely and regular monitoring by an uzist is needed.

There is also cystic degeneration of the right ovary or the left. Serious failures in the female body provoke dysfunction of both organs. Practice shows that a woman with at least one healthy ovary is able to become pregnant. On the contrary, with a bilateral glandular cystic lesion, it is impossible to conceive a child.

For what reason does

The main reason is the overproduction of insulin. Every person has female and male hormones. In the fairer sex, for the normal functioning of the endocrine system, the female hormone must prevail over the male. If this is not the case, then a serious malfunction occurs in the body, the endocrine system, which is directly related to the reproductive organs, begins to suffer.

Cystic degeneration of one / two ovaries is almost always associated with an overabundance of the male hormone (androgen). In addition, the imbalance occurs in other organs: the adrenal glands, the pancreas. Therefore, before prescribing treatment, the specialist will send you for a thorough examination to find the cause.

Heredity

After collecting an anamnesis from a doctor, you can hear that the pathology is hereditary. The cystic formation could have been in the patient's mother. Treatment is prescribed only after examination.

Obesity

Obesity of any degree is also a common cause of cystic degeneration of the ovaries. The patient will be advised to change the diet, diet and drinking regimen.

hormone therapy

Sometimes it’s not at all about overeating, but about a disease, taking basic therapy drugs, course therapy, and prevention. We are talking about hormonal drugs (glucocorticosteroids) that can lead to ovarian dysfunction, menstrual disorders and endocrine function.

Hormonal contraceptives are a common cause of glandular cystic lesions of the ovaries. Oral medications should be discontinued unless they are urgently needed.

medical error

An unprofessional gynecological examination, improper installation of the intrauterine device, an unsuccessful operation on the ovaries with infection in the patient's body often causes cystic transformation.

nervous tension

Stress and depression easily provoke hormonal imbalance and a sharp increase in insulin. As a result, the functional activity of the ovaries is disrupted. Until nervous tension is eliminated, treatment is ineffective, recovery will not come soon.

climate change

Moving to a new place of residence with a climate different from the native land is often the cause of hormonal failure:

• a sharp change in temperature, air humidity;
• change of national dishes;
• moral habituation to new conditions of life.

Of course, not every woman who has moved, for example, from Central Russia to a warm country, develops a cystic change in the ovary over time, but this fact should be taken into account.

Symptoms

Small cystic changes in the ovaries do not have specific symptoms. Violation can be noticed only during examination by ultrasound or surgical intervention in another case. But you can consider the main signs characterizing the presence of a problem:

• skin is oily, greasy;
• on the face there are acne (black dots), blackheads;
• high fatigue;
• permanent;
• violation of the menstrual cycle / lack of menstruation;
• there is a rapid growth of hair on the body;
• obesity;
• diabetes;
• thyroid disease.

Several of these signs are a serious reason to contact a gynecologist to confirm suspicions or the absence of cystic degeneration of the ovaries.

Conservative treatments

The patient visits a gynecologist, undergoes an examination. If necessary, the specialist sends for additional research:

• • hormone tests.
  • smear from the vagina;
  • blood chemistry;
  • general blood analysis;
  • Ultrasound of the small pelvis;

Perhaps, at the discretion of the doctor, visiting other specialists: endocrinologist, urologist and others. If small cystic changes in the ovaries are confirmed, the exact cause is established, the woman is prescribed treatment, and recommendations are given. In most cases, the treatment of a cystic ovary is to take hormonal drugs (birth control pills). Quite often, the doctor prescribes injections with aloe. In especially severe cases, surgery may be prescribed:

• • - removal of degenerative ovarian tissues with the help of punctures of the abdominal wall;
  • laparotomy - abdominal surgery to remove the cyst and nearby modified tissues;
  • oophorectomy - removal of the cystic formation along with the ovary.

Sometimes the patient is shown physiotherapy to restore the functions of the affected systems and organs. In the event that the prescribed therapy does not bring benefits or the effect is in the root cause, and cystic degeneration of the ovaries, as it was, and remains, surgical treatment may be prescribed.

Phytotherapy and naturopathy

Modern medicine disagrees about the choice of treatment for the patient. Practice shows that pharmaceutical preparations help someone, and herbal medicine helps someone. The choice of therapy should be consulted with a doctor. Before starting a health recovery course, you should make sure that there are no allergies, contraindications to one or another component.

Phytotherapy has found its application in the treatment of not only glandular cystic disease of the reproductive organs, but also the underlying causes. A competent specialist will select the most appropriate treatment regimen with herbs, infusions, seeds and flowers.

The use of herbs requires the patient's willpower and the desire to complete the course of treatment. You have to be very careful. For example, a doctor prescribes psyllium, which is taken at the beginning of the monthly cycle.

Upland uterus, red cheek - these two plants are popular in herbal medicine. Sometimes, they give more effect than pharmaceuticals.

Meadowsweet, raspberry leaves combined, help the reproductive organs to repair damaged cells.

A cystic right / left ovary is successfully treated with natural remedies according to the recommendations given by the attending physician.

Find out how to quickly get rid of a cyst in the article ""

A woman who has been diagnosed with a pathology in the reproductive organs should change her lifestyle, limit herself in many ways:

• avoid nervous overload;
• give up alcohol, caffeine, smoking;
• exclude any physical activity;
• postpone until recovery;
• eat properly;
• do not bathe in the sauna, bath, do not take hot baths.

All contraindications for cystic ovaries should be discussed with the doctor who prescribed the treatment.

Predictions for a woman with a pathology

Treatment cannot be delayed. A neglected disease can lead to serious diseases, up to the degeneration of a cyst into a malignant tumor.
Endometriosis is also a cause of neglect of the disease. Together, these pathologies require more serious and long-term treatment.

The left, right or both affected reproductive organs always give complications to:

• cardiovascular system;
• kidneys;
• endocrine system.

In addition, cystic degeneration of the left ovary and right ovary together lead to infertility. Even if one organ is affected, the second will also be affected over time. If the pathology is not treated, the woman will remain infertile.

This article should convince the fairer sex that it is necessary to treat the disease, even if a small cystic transformation of the ovaries is detected, which does not pose a threat in the near future.

In addition, surveys can take a very long time. The sooner treatment is started, the more likely it is to save the reproductive organs from infertility and malignant degeneration of cysts. Trouble can befall at any age:

• teenage;
• young (18-25 years old);
• mature (26-45 years);
• during the climax.