Atheroma: localization, diagnosis, treatment without surgery. Causes and symptoms of inflammation of the sebaceous glands on the face Sebaceous glands on the face treatment

The appearance of a person depends directly on the condition of the skin. When red dots with purulent contents appear on the face, this indicates that inflammation of the sebaceous glands has occurred. Commonly referred to as blackheads, pimples or, scientifically, acne.

Human skin is covered with a network of sebaceous glands, which are of unequal size. Many of them are located in the hair follicles, others are located separately.

Smaller glands are located along with hair follicles on the head, and larger glands are located with bulbs on the back, chest, and arms.

Significant size of the sebaceous glands in the area of the genital organs of women and men. But the skin of the lower leg and forearms has few of them, hence the increased dryness of these parts of the body.

The size of the sebaceous glands changes throughout life. In a newborn, they are large, decreasing with the growth of the child. It is not for nothing that a teenager suffers from acne, because the glands become larger, increasing secretion production. The organs of secretion partially or completely atrophy in old age.

The sebaceous glands are needed in order to:

lubricate the skin with fat, giving it elasticity;
maintain a constant body temperature due to the water-lipid film on the surface;
neutralize alkalis with acids in the composition of sebum;
protect the deep layers of the epidermis from the penetration of bacteria, viruses, fungi;
contribute to the normalization of metabolism in the cells of the dermis.

Both the autonomic nervous system and the central organs are involved in the regulation of sebum secretion.

Causes of acne

Inflammation of the sebaceous glands is associated with hormonal disorders. When the glands begin to produce sebum in large quantities, their composition changes, and then a painful condition called acne occurs. They appear on the body in certain areas: on the chin or on the back. Salo secretion is stimulated by adrenal hormones, androgens, progesterone.

Another reason for the appearance of acne is the activity of gram-positive bacteria, fungi. They lead to the formation of comedones, which affects most people from 12 to 24 years old. These acne rashes are also associated with a genetic predisposition to them.

They lead to the appearance of acne and disturbances in the functioning of the organs of the digestive tract, especially the intestines.

Inflammation can be provoked by:

malfunctions of the endocrine system of the body;
disorders of the psyche and nervous system;
taking hormonal drugs;
drinking alcohol, smoking;
the use of low quality cosmetics along with poor hygiene;
environmental disasters, air pollution.

For beach lovers, ultraviolet radiation leads to the appearance of dead cells that clog the sebaceous ducts.

And acne appears on the back of people employed in heavy production. Wet from sweat, the skin is exposed to the action of bacteria floating in the air, and inflammation of the sebaceous glands with purulent contents occurs regularly, without having time to heal.

The course of inflammation, its consequences

Acne can be conditionally divided into two groups. One of them appears when the excretory ducts of the glands are blocked by keratinized cells of the epidermis or particles of dirt and dust. The second is due to the addition of a bacterial infection.

When blockage occurs, inflammation of the sebaceous glands on the face. White dots appear around the eyes, on the cheeks. Pimples, black dots cover the forehead, chin.

Accession of the infection leads to purulent contents in the papules, soreness of the skin around the formations, its swelling. On the back, huge eels reach a size of ten centimeters or more.

The disease called acne can be severe and mild in nature. When a large percentage of the body is affected by purulent papules, irreversible skin damage occurs. After all, the cells of the deep layers of the skin are involved in the pathological process. And the accumulation of radicals with high activity does not reduce inflammation. The secret of the sebaceous glands accumulates, becomes thick. Metabolic processes in tissues are disturbed. They intensify against the background of the development of seborrhea.

A complication of inflammatory processes is the benign formation of atheroma. You can notice it on the head, but they find a cystic seal in the groin and on the back.

Acne has a detrimental effect on the patient's psyche. In addition to low self-esteem, he develops depression and anxiety. The adaptation of such people in collectives is difficult, and they replenish the army of unemployed and lonely people.

Ways to get rid of acne

Treatment of skin diseases begins with establishing the cause of acne. The selection of drugs is aimed at its elimination:

Antibiotics, antifungal agents will help stop the spread of infection deep into the skin.
Hormonal agents with estrogen, which suppresses sebum secretion, reduce the function of the sebaceous glands.
Ointments such as Levomekol have an antimicrobial effect.
To cleanse the sebaceous ducts, rubbing the skin of the face with ice cubes is used.
Taking vitamins leads to the restoration of metabolic processes in the cells of the epidermis.

Treatment is also possible with traditional medicine, which includes infusions of chamomile officinalis, masks using chicken yolk.

Prevention measures

So that the sebaceous glands cannot become inflamed, follow the rules:

nutrition, excluding from the diet foods high in carbohydrates and fats;
maintaining normal water balance by drinking from a liter to two liquids a day;
use of high-quality cosmetics;
regular skin care;
body hygiene.

To avoid skin problems, wash your face twice a day using water at room temperature. In the complex prevention of acne, moisturize the skin with the help of special creams such as Physiogel or Setafil. Weaken excess sebum secretion with retinoic acid Adapalen.

It is better to start preventive actions during puberty from the age of 13.

Hyperfunction of the sebaceous glands, accompanied by an abundant accumulation of fat on the skin, is called seborrhea, and hypofunction, a decrease in fat formation, is called asteatosis.

Oily seborrhea (seborrhoea oleosa)

Symptoms.

The skin on the affected areas turns out to be greasy, shiny, as if lubricated with liquid oil, sometimes small droplets of fat protruding from the enlarged mouths of the sebaceous glands are visible. After removing it, for example, with gasoline, it quickly accumulates again. Often, along with this, there is a pronounced expansion of the excretory ducts of the sebaceous glands, the formation of sebaceous plugs (comedo), acne. In the vast majority, oily seborrhea is localized in areas of the skin that are especially rich in sebaceous glands: on the forehead, nose, on its wings and in the nasolabial folds, on the chin, zygomatic arches, scalp, and the hair becomes oily and shiny. Further - on the skin of the foreskin, the clitoris, between the small and large pudendal lips, in the region of the sternum, on the back. Especially often the disease develops during puberty. For many, it lasts long into adulthood. Often the appearance of seborrhea is observed after general debilitating diseases, often in anemic subjects and in women suffering from anomalies of the gonads.

On the scalp, decomposing fat causes itching. As a result of scratching, excoriations, folliculitis are formed, sometimes eczematization develops. Hair loss, initially subtle, if left untreated, can become significant and lead to baldness.

Dry seborrhea (seborrhoea sicca)

Symptoms.

This very common disease mainly affects the scalp, including the area of the eyebrows, eyelashes, beards and mustaches. On the skin covered with hair, rather dry layers accumulate in large quantities, consisting mainly of keratinized epidermis and fat mixed with it. Usually, dry seborrhea begins during puberty in the form of well-known dandruff. Over time, dandruff becomes so much that the hair becomes powdered, it falls in abundance on the dress, itching begins to bother the patients. The skin appears to be completely covered with numerous asbestos-like scales, in places more or less massive, rather firmly adhering layers of grayish-white, yellowish-gray fatty crusts appear on it. Under the scales and crusts, the skin retains its normal color, hair loss increases dramatically, growing, it leads to the formation of baldness, baldness.

On skin that is not covered with hair, most often the skin of the face, dry seborrhea is characterized by the appearance of either relatively large, or smaller, roundish or oval spots, limited by more or less sharp contours, thin, small, grayish-white, asbestos-like scales accumulate on their surface, as a result, they give the impression of being powdered with chalk. And here the skin in all other respects remains normal. Unless some dryness of it, and sometimes slight hyperemia, only attracts attention. These spots appear especially clearly after washing with cold water or when exposed to air in damp windy weather. Light and then not always existing itching is the only subjective disorder.

The etiology of seborrhea is still not entirely clear. Undoubtedly, there is a certain dependence of oily seborrhea on the constitutional characteristics of the body, everyday observations of family seborrhea speak for this. There is no doubt its connection with the function of the endocrine glands, as evidenced by at least the most common development of seborrhea during puberty and its connection with disorders of the female genital area.

Dry seborrhea is obviously an infectious epidermitis. A number of authors note its contagiousness and consider Malasse-Unna spores to be the cause of the disease.

Histopathological picture.

In places, hyperkeratosis, especially in the mouths of the follicles, in places nests of parakeratosis with loosening of the stratum corneum and the formation of macroscopic scales.

In the stage of development of baldness, it is a matter of atrophy of the hair follicles and hair papillae.

The diagnosis of oily seborrhea is easy to establish. The situation is somewhat more complicated with dry seborrhea on the scalp. It is not difficult to take diffuse trichophytosis of the scalp in adults for dry seborrhea, a thorough mycological analysis is necessary. From squamous eczema, dry seborrhea is distinguished by the presence of at least slight hyperemia and infiltration of the skin and eczematous areas on the cutis glabra, especially on the skin of the auricles, neck, and face, at the first. With scaly lichen, accumulations of scales on the scalp usually amaze with their massiveness, the scales are drier, when scraped they look like layered mica, often brilliantly white plates. The skin under them is a moist red malpighian layer, then a pronouncedly scalloped edge of the area affected by psoriasis along the border of the scalp on the forehead, on the lateral surfaces of the neck is characteristic. Finally, typical plaques of psoriasis on smooth skin help to recognize. Seborrheic discs on the face should not be confused with erythematous lupus, with the last scales drier, denser, hold on tighter, lupus plaques are resolved by an atrophic scar.

The prognosis for the final recovery from seborrhea is not always quite favorable: relapses are very frequent.

Prevention and treatment.

Preventive measures. The general treatment and prevention of seborrhea should be aimed at eliminating the disorders that favor the development of its development (malnutrition, impaired metabolism in obesity, intoxication from the gastrointestinal tract, anemia, etc.). General tonic treatment is also necessary, appropriate hydrotherapy, diet, physical education, arsenic, quinine, bromine preparations. For special indications, organotherapeutic drugs are also prescribed - ovarin, thyroidin, suprarenin, etc.

Local treatment of oily seborrhea.

In case of smooth skin disease, daily washing with soapy alcohol is recommended. It is produced as follows: soapy alcohol with a clean flannel soaked in hot water is rubbed into the skin for 1-2 minutes, then the foam is washed off with hot water, the face is wiped and covered overnight with sulfur-resorcinol or sulfur-salicylic paste or ointment. In the morning, the face is washed with warm water and powdered. Some patients do not tolerate soapy alcohol, it can be replaced with sulfuric or sulfuric-tar soap. During the day, excess fat is well removed by rubbing the skin with refined gasoline.

For the treatment of oily seborrhea of the scalp, the following is recommended: daily in the morning, rub 2-3 tablespoons of soapy alcohol with the same amount of hot water into the scalp until a rich foam forms. The latter is left on the head for 10 minutes, and then washed off with copious amounts of hot water, the hair is dried with a soft towel, and the skin is moistened with a small amount of alcohol. At night, sulfide ointment is rubbed into the scalp for 10-15 minutes. Treatment is recommended to be carried out carefully for 1-1.5 months daily, only in case of skin irritation, you can take a break for 2-3 days. In most cases, by this time, the separation of fat decreases sharply, the sensation of itching stops, hair loss stops. Then the same treatment continues for another 1-2 months, but not every day, first every other day, then less often. Every day, only resorcinol alcohol of the above composition is rubbed into the head. By the end of 3-4 months of such stubborn treatment, one can count on success and in the future limit oneself to only weekly washing of the head with sulfur-tar soap, pixaphone, and rubbing resorcinol alcohol in a day or two.

Treatment of dry seborrhea.

Treatment of dry seborrhea should begin with a thorough cleansing of the head from seborrheic layers. To do this, at night the hair is impregnated with Provence or vaseline oil with the addition of 1-2% salicylic acid and a rubber or oilcloth cap is put on. In the morning, the crusts are removed by washing the head with soapy alcohol. In the evening, treatment with sulfur-tar ointment of the above composition begins. Such treatment - ointment in the evening, shampooing in the morning - should be carried out for several weeks until the formation of scales and hair loss stops. If patients indicate that daily washing causes them to feel tight skin, unpleasant dryness, they should wash their hair less often (1-2 times a week). For subsequent treatment, long-term use of 10-15% sulfuric ointment is recommended.

Astheatosis (asfeafosis)

By this name is meant a decrease in sebum secretion, which is clinically manifested by excessive dryness of the skin, a tendency to crack, especially in areas where it is stretched, and more or less abundant lamellar peeling.

The causes of hypofunction of the sebaceous glands are varied, senile age, congenital anomalies, in particular, some dermatoses, for example, ichthyosis, pruritus, lichen planus, psoriasis, myxedema, and some diseases of the nervous system. Frequent washing of the skin, friction, well-known professions (for example, laundresses, work with alkaline solutions, etc.) have a certain influence in this direction.

Treatment comes down to lubricating the skin with indifferent fats - lanolin.

Spot acne (comedo)

Under the name comedo, they mean small plugs that clog the mouths of the sebaceous glands, ranging in size from poppy to millet grains of brownish or black color. When pressed from the sides, they are released from the duct of the gland in the form of a cylindrical or barrel-shaped rod or a thin, convoluted eel-like formation, hence the name - eel. The head of the eel is usually colored brownish-black or black, the body is white, yellowish-white. The coloration of the head is the result mainly of contamination and partly of the presence of a brown granular pigment. Comedo consists of keratinized epithelial cells containing brown pigment, dense fat, crystals of cholesterol, leucine and tyrosine, detritus and fragments of epithelial cells and various random inclusions - vellus hair, various microorganisms.

Favorite localization is the forehead, cheeks in the zygomatic arches, nose, chin, skin of the chest, back, but they often come across in other places, for example, on the skin of the genital organs.

The reasons are varied: most often it is a purely mechanical blockage of the mouth of the follicle with dusty particles, coal, tar. This is favored by a reduced tone of the walls of the sebaceous glands, which occurs with an increased function of the latter during puberty, and hyperkeratosis at the mouth of the follicle.

After a thorough local steam bath, blackheads are squeezed out with a special tool - an acne squeezer. The presence of inflammation around the acne is a contraindication to this procedure. For consistent treatment, a skin massage with sulfuric ointment is prescribed. Daily rubbing of the skin with alcohol, 1% salicylic alcohol, cologne or gasoline is recommended prophylactically.

Redheads (rosacea)

The most common causes of rosacea are diseases of the gastrointestinal system, such as dilation and atony of the stomach, chronic constipation, accompanied by increased intestinal fermentation, diseases of the liver, heart, kidneys, leading to circulatory disorders. Abuse of alcoholic beverages, apparently causing digestive disorders, diseases of the liver, heart, also entail the development of rosacea. Various disorders of the endocrine glands - thyroid, ovaries in the first place - are often accompanied by rosacea, as well as diseases of the genital organs (dysmenorrhea, salpingitis, oophoritis, metritis, etc.). Finally, exogenous factors that cause repeated disorders of local circulation - prolonged exposure to cold, wind, heat on the skin of the face can lead to the development of this dermatosis.

Symptoms.

There are three periods in the development of rosacea:

the first is a period of hyperemia, aggravated after food abuse, after alcohol consumption, after exposure to heat or cold; little by little telangiectasias develop;

the second period, hyperemia and telangiectasias are joined by the development of inflammatory infiltrates - scattered, unsharply contoured nodules of a more or less bright red color, gradually merging into cyanotic bumpy plaques, their cover is usually oily, the openings of the sebaceous glands are enlarged, filled with fat. Some of the nodules break up into pustules that shrink into crusts;

the third period is characterized by hypertrophy and proliferation - the skin thickens, in some places the infiltrates turn into voluminous nodes, the sebaceous glands greatly expand, and when pressed, a foul-smelling secret is secreted in large quantities.

Localization - nose, forehead, cheeks, less often the chin. Subjective sensations are negligible or completely absent, patients are depressing only by a cosmetic defect. The course of the disease is long. Nodules that turn into pustules leave behind small scars.

Rosacea is usually seen after 30 years of age.

Histopathological changes are reduced to the expansion of blood vessels, hyperplasia of the sebaceous glands and hypertrophy, and sometimes hyperplasia of collagen tissue.

Diagnosis in typical cases is not difficult. It differs from juvenile acne in the development of patients in adulthood, the absence of comedones, the presence of telangiectasias, and the absence of a regular connection of nodules with the sebaceous glands. Tuberculous syphilide is distinguished by denser nodules, darker, with a brownish tint, the formation of real ulcers with compacted edges, and the presence of other manifestations of syphilis.

The disease is long-term, requiring persistent treatment, often relapsing.

In the first place should be the special treatment of those disorders of the internal organs that can be connected with the development of dermatosis. The use of alcohol, strong tea, coffee should be completely stopped. In all cases, where the state of the stomach allows it, you should try the appointment of ichthyol 3 times a day, 10 drops in water.

local treatment. In the first stage, galvanocaustics of telangiectasias gives good results. In more severe cases, it is better to apply illumination with a quartz lamp with compression until bubbles form, approximately 5 minutes at each site. This procedure leads to the destruction of the endothelium in the capillaries and their desolation, the result is a barely noticeable atrophy. In the presence of infiltrates, nodes, multiple repeated scarification of the affected tissue to a depth of 0.5-1 mm is recommended, followed by disinfecting, astringent compresses or the application of indifferent ointments. Sometimes an exfoliating acne treatment is helpful. Freezing carbonic acid with snow more than once gave quite satisfactory results: in the initial stages of hyperemia and telangiectasias, we used short-term freezing (6-10 seconds) with light pressure, with thickening of the skin - somewhat longer (up to 20-25 seconds).

knobby nose (rhinophyma)

Under the name rhinophyma, they mean a nodular tumor-like growth of the skin of the nose, which is based on colossal hypertrophy of the sebaceous glands, hyperplasia of the connective tissue of the skin and blood vessels, both blood and lymph.

The etiology of rhinophyma has not been definitively established.

Symptoms.

The skin of the nose, mainly in the lower half, turns into a tuberous tumor, consisting of tuberous nodes of various sizes and shapes, more often they sit on a wide base, sometimes hanging on a leg. Their number varies and can be significant. Their color is either waxy-pale, shiny, or (and this is observed more often) purple-bluish, with numerous, greatly dilated blood branches. The mouths of the sebaceous glands are sharply dilated. Of these, it is easy to squeeze out fetid sebum, sebaceous plugs in large quantities. To the touch, the nodes are in most cases soft, flabby, sometimes more or less dense. From time to time, pustules appear on the nodes. Rhinophyma is more common in older men. It develops slowly at first, then the growth of tumors accelerates. The nodes never undergo either purulent softening or ulceration.

Histopathological changes.

In young nodes, the cystic expansion of the sebaceous glands comes to the fore, the phenomena of hypertrophy and hyperplasia are already visible early. The glands are divided into many large lobules, partly lying directly under the epidermis, collagen tissue grows, blood vessels, especially small veins, greatly expand, as well as lymphatic vessels, in some places it comes to the development of varicose formations. Along with such changed vessels with thickened walls come across. Connective tissue cells are increased in number, their protoplasm swells. In addition, cellular infiltration is always visible, mainly of the perivascular type, more pronounced in the circumference of the sebaceous glands. Near the glands, polymorphonuclear leukocytes sometimes accumulate in more or less significant numbers and form miliary abscesses.

The prognosis is favorable.

Removal with a razor under local anesthesia of all overgrown tissues in such a way that a layer of soft tissues not thinner than 2 mm remains above the cartilage. Under this condition, the epidermis is reborn from the lobules of the sebaceous glands that have not been removed, and the cosmetic result is excellent. Apparently, diathermic coagulation can be used with equal success.

Increased oily skin worries many girls who are thinking about how to normalize the sebaceous glands. This problem is not only a cosmetic defect, but also a sign of diseases in the body.

The sebaceous glands are located throughout the human body. In the area of the face, forehead, nasolabial triangle, on the head, their work is most active. As a result of improper functioning of the sebaceous glands, excess fat is produced on the face. Excess fat provokes the formation of acne, gives the skin an ugly shine and creates other problems.

The main reasons causing increased fat secretion, experts include both internal and external factors.

Hormonal disbalance. Hormonal disturbances or changes in their levels during puberty increase the activity of the glands. In women in adulthood, this is noted in the second half of the menstrual cycle.
UV exposure. According to the research of modern scientists, under the influence of direct ultraviolet radiation, the work of the sebaceous glands is disrupted. The top layer of the skin thickens, which leads to clogged pores and the appearance of cosmetic defects.

Disruption of the immune system. Increased production of fat on the skin of the face contribute to thyroid disease, diabetes, ovarian dysfunction, overweight.
Wrong nutrition. The presence in the menu of fatty foods, fast food leads to disruption of the digestive tract and increased production of fat by the sebaceous glands.
Wrong care. Non-compliance with the rules of hygiene, the selection of cosmetic products that are not suitable for the type of skin, lead to increased oiliness of the skin.

To restore the normal functioning of the glands allows an integrated approach to the problem.

Diet to normalize the functioning of the glands

Changing the diet is the first thing to do to reduce the activity of the sebaceous glands.

The following foods should be excluded from the diet:

carbonated drinks;
alcoholic products;
fatty, fried, spicy;
smoked and canned foods;
products containing dyes, flavors and flavor enhancers;
bakery and confectionery products;
strong coffee and black tea.

The following products should be present in the menu in greater quantities:

fresh vegetables and fruits according to the season;
dairy and dairy products;
cottage cheese;
lean meat;
cereal porridge.

The condition of the skin is positively affected by the use of red fish, sauerkraut, fresh herbs, nuts. From drinks recommended green tea, herbal decoctions, clean water.

Effective pharmaceutical preparations

Pharmaceutical products differ in a wide variety both in terms of the principle of action and in price category.

When choosing cosmetics that allow you to improve the condition of the skin, experts recommend using products from the same series.

La Roche Posay. The company offers products to reduce the activity of the sebaceous glands. At the moment it is a favorite among similar products. Thermal water is the main ingredient. The brand produces a wide range of products that improve the functioning of the sebaceous glands and reduce skin greasiness. Of these, there is a Cleanser - Effaclar Gel and a special mask Effaclar to control the production of fat and narrow pores. Also in the series is a preparation for skin toning, makeup removal and moisturizing.

Avene. Another popular company that produces a wide range of products for oily skin. The most famous remedy is the Cleanance gel. It is suitable for young skin prone to acne. In addition to it, there is a sebum-regulating cream.

Vichy. Well-known cosmetics for the care of problematic and oily skin. The company has released a separate line of products that restore the functioning of the sebaceous glands - Normaderm. It consists of a washing gel, mask, lotion, day cream.

Retinoic ointment. A drug for a quick effect. Differs in low cost. Apply to problem areas twice a day. Effective for acne and rashes, normalizes the sebaceous glands. The course of application is no more than 1 week.

In case of acne caused by clogged pores, Zinc, Salicylic ointment, Chlorhexidine, Salicylic-zinc paste, Aspirin tablets, vitamins A, E effectively help.

How to reduce fat formation on the face: folk methods

Not only the pharmaceutical preparation has a positive effect on the functioning of the sebaceous glands. At home, decoctions of medicinal herbs and recipes from natural ingredients allow you to restore the condition of the skin.

Clay mask. The recipe uses grape puree and 2 teaspoons of clay (white, blue or pink). The ingredients are combined and applied to cleansed skin. Leave to dry completely, then remove with warm water.

Decoction of medicinal herbs. For daily use, prepare a decoction of herbs. Chamomile, calendula, horsetail are brewed in a glass of water. The resulting decoction is wiped or rinsed with a face. Medicinal herbs relieve inflammation, improve complexion, narrow pores. In addition to rinsing, the decoction is used to make ice cubes that rub the skin.

Nettle compress. For cooking, use a tablespoon of dry nettle in a glass of boiling water. The resulting broth is infused for an hour. Then they take clean gauze and moisten it in nettles. The resulting compress is applied to the skin for 10 minutes.

Starch mask. For the recipe, a tablespoon of potato starch, a teaspoon of lemon juice and 3 teaspoons of kefir are used. The ingredients are thoroughly mixed and applied to the skin for 15 minutes.

In addition to the recipes listed, oatmeal masks, lime, lemon or cucumber juice tonics help well. A preparation based on vitamin A or E is added to natural ingredients.

Features of oily skin care

Increased production of fat is associated with improper skin care techniques. For this reason, a change in hygiene rules and the selection of suitable cosmetics help to regulate processes.

Normalization of the work of the glands is possible if a number of rules are observed.

Minimize negative effects on the skin. Alcohol-containing products, fatty creams and frequent scrubbing should be excluded from everyday life.
Regular care. It includes daily makeup removal before bedtime, cleansing, moisturizing and nourishing the skin.
Competent selection of cosmetic products. Cosmetic products are selected depending on the type of skin. For cleansing, gels, mousses and foams with anti-inflammatory action are used.

The right choice of decorative cosmetics. Tonal foundations are selected with a light texture, powders - with a matting effect. It is not recommended to use cream textures for blush or shadows.
Application of folk recipes. In addition to regular care with cosmetic products, it is recommended to use folk recipes. They include rinsing the face with infusions of chamomile, horsetail, nettle, linden.
Diet correction. Increased greasiness of the skin contributes to malnutrition. The menu should include lean meats and fish, fresh vegetables and fruits, cereals. It is recommended to minimize the consumption of sweet, starchy, fatty, alcoholic products.

Compliance with the rules of care can significantly reduce the risk of skin problems resulting from improper functioning of the sebaceous glands.

Blockage of the sebaceous gland can occur in anyone and anywhere - on the face, limbs, and even on the scrotum. All of them that exist in the human body are very important and necessary, but it is always the skin ones that are on the human surface that are always the first to take a hit. They protect the delicate human skin from the manifestations of the outside world, such as dust, dirt and the sun. Actually, thanks to these “defenders”, we can fearlessly go out into the street every day, do the usual things, while not feeling any consequences. But what happens if they stop working properly?

More about skin

In fact, such pores are located throughout the body, with the exception of the soles of the feet and palms. There are more such parts of the epidermis where there is an abundant hairline - under the armpits, in the inguinal region, above the lips. All human skin is completely covered with small hairs, because sebum is distributed throughout the body through the hair follicles. Although some areas of the body are devoid of hair, there the fat spreads directly to the surface of the skin. The sebaceous glands on the penis, circles near the nipples, external auditory canals and other places are called free. Because a hair does not interfere with their entry and spread over the skin.

Due to their location, all the internal parts of the pores and the follicle are very different in size, structure and appearance.

The fat secreted by the sebaceous glands of the skin is necessary for a person. This is especially true of tender areas, for example, on the head of the penis, in the armpit, on the eyelids. They perform approximately the same function as nails - they protect what can be very easily damaged.

What can cause the disease

Those who talk about the appearance of acne and blackheads due to neglect of hygiene products are not entirely right. On the contrary, excessive cleanliness can lead to a similar outcome - the inner parts of the skin are damaged, the epidermis shrinks and collapses. The most dangerous thing is if such a process occurs on the head of the penis of men and female genital organs. In addition to unpleasant rashes, you can get acquainted with such consequences as broken skin. It hurts terribly, itches and also provokes the release of lymph and blood, which will not be easy to stop without medication. These are not all the reasons why there is a violation of the sebaceous glands. Blockages can also occur:

And this is not a complete list of what may cause the malfunction of the sebaceous gland of the skin. In addition, squeezing pimples and blackheads in tender areas, especially on the head or vagina, leads to the penetration of the infection much further deep into the skin. The work of the sebaceous glands is disturbed even more, which leads not only to inflammation, but also to other, much more dangerous diseases.

Skin diseases

The whole problem is that you need to find a kind of golden mean. Excessive hygiene destroys the skin, but it can not do without cleansing at all. If you do not clean the skin, then there is a blockage of the sebaceous gland with dirt, dead cells, microorganisms and fat. In turn, this leads to many serious diseases that will have to be treated for a long time and hard. Here is a short list:

hyperplasia of the sebaceous glands on the face, that is, their tumor-like lesion;
adenoma of the sebaceous glands, that is, a benign tumor;
atheroma, that is, a cyst;
nevus of the sebaceous glands, that is, another type of relatively benign tumor;
carcinoma, i.e. cancer.

Therefore, it is very important to maintain hygiene. This is especially true for those who have hypersecretion of the sebaceous glands, that is, oily skin. It is not enough just to wash your face with ordinary water, you need to use special cleansers. Hyperfunction of the sebaceous glands contributes to the rapid clogging of skin holes. It also provokes the appearance of inflammation of the sebaceous glands on the face and other parts of the body.

Most diseases associated with clogged pores pose a serious threat. For example, such a phenomenon as atheroma is very common. Sometimes it can transform into a malignant tumor. It is enough to miss a little the moment when the sebaceous glands on the penis, face, back or limbs become clogged, and an innocent pimple, which passes quickly, turns into atheroma.

Excess dirt and sebum first provoke inflammation of the sebaceous gland, and only then, if treatment is not carried out, atheroma, adenoma of the sebaceous gland and even carcinoma occur.

The same adenoma of the sebaceous glands refers to benign tumors. By itself, it is safe, easily removed surgically or treated with drugs. However, an adenoma of the sebaceous glands can also turn into cancer over time if it is constantly exposed to damage. Hypertrophy occurs when the skin thickens, sometimes turns into knots. This is typical not only for atheroma, but also for those who have adenoma of the sebaceous glands.

Blockage of the sebaceous glands on the face, back or other parts of the body can lead to another unpleasant disease. True, this disease occurs extremely rarely, and only in young children. The so-called nevus of the sebaceous glands is usually congenital. The reasons for its occurrence are still not known for certain. Most often, the sebaceous glands on the head, face and oral mucosa suffer from a nevus. Since the probability of its transformation into a cancerous tumor is incredibly high, it is customary to remove nevi.

Structure and functionality

To avoid all these unpleasant consequences, you need to know the following information. First of all, you need to learn about the structure of the sebaceous glands. It consists of several small lobes, which are composed of alveoli or acini. You can see the sebaceous glands in detail in the photo. Where it can be seen that the gland itself closely interacts with the hair follicle. It is much more interesting to learn about the functions of the sebaceous glands:

hair lubrication;
protection against ultraviolet radiation and drying;
softening of the skin;
protection against viruses and infections.

The secret of the sebaceous glands allows the skin to remain soft. A good example of what will happen if it is absent is the heels. Agree, the skin there is much rougher and harder. If the secretion of fat were present on the soles of the feet, then they would be no different from the skin of the hands. True, then inflammation of the sebaceous glands would be constantly pursued, because perspiration on the legs is always a little higher, especially in the hot season.

How to treat clogged glands

Inflammation of the sebaceous glands can occur at any time. Particular care must be taken if the sebaceous glands on the face (it is they who suffer most often) are hypertrophied or. Excessive physical activity makes our skin more vulnerable due to increased contact with water. In addition, dirt adheres to wet skin more strongly. The hypertrophic part of the skin is usually removed surgically, as the safest way, but all this can be avoided if stopped.

The main cause that provokes inflammation of the sebaceous glands is excessive production of sebum. The glands secrete it so much that even seemingly washed skin seems smeared with oil. How to normalize the work and how to reduce the production of fat?

In fact, the methods of treatment are selected individually. In the course is not only the operation, but also various medications. And also, to normalize the work of the skin layers, you can use creams and cleansing preparations. It is impossible to reduce the risk of clogging, because we come into contact with dust on a daily basis, but there are some steps you can take to reduce the risk of inflammation:

masks;
washing gels;
special ointments for acne;
folk remedies.

As a result of deep cleaning, the work of the glands is normalized, the inflamed areas return to their normal state. It is important to understand that such things help only in the initial stages. Sometimes, blood transfusions are even done to get rid of acne. Do not delay treatment, if no means already help - consult a specialist. Be healthy!

Oily skin is a problem that many people suffer from. It provokes an annoying shine, the appearance of acne. To eliminate oily facial skin, drying cosmetics are usually used, the manufacturers of which promise a quickly achievable effect.

However, they will provide a stable result, provided that the cause of oily skin is eliminated. Therefore, the first step in solving a dermal problem is the normalization of the sebaceous glands.

Signs and origin of oily skin

Oily skin is the result of an overproduction of fat by the sebaceous glands. These glands are located under the surface of the skin.

Sebum is a substance made up of fats. It's not too bad as it protects and moisturizes the skin and keeps the scalp shiny and healthy.

Too much sebum, however, can lead to oily skin, leading to clogged pores and blackheads.

It is not uncommon for the occurrence of comedones (black dots), cysts of fatty glands,. The skin is also similar to orange peel, as pores stand out on it.

An undeniable advantage for people with oily skin is that wrinkles begin to appear later.

The epidermis, shiny from greasiness, is an unpleasant phenomenon for its owners. Due to the excessive work of the fatty glands on the skin, a rough, porous texture with an unhealthy tone and a greasy sheen is formed, the surface of the skin can also be overdried, like parchment.

Genetics, hormonal changes, or even stress can increase sebum production.

The oily cover on the face is localized in the T-zone: forehead, chin and nose. On the body, the greasy epidermis is located on the back and chest. The properties of oily skin are also manifested on oily hair on the head.

This happens for the following reasons:

Genetically embedded. Under these circumstances, the epidermis is oily throughout life.
Adolescence. Teenagers are familiar with the manifestations of oily skin, which becomes combination by the age of 25-30.
Intensive work of fatty glands. This is associated with an inherited disposition to oily skin, disturbed processes in the gastrointestinal tract (cholecystitis, colitis, constipation), hormonal changes. The reason for the excessive productivity of fat on the skin surface is the diet (addiction to spicy, fatty, starchy foods, alcohol, soda), labor activity when the temperature is exceeded, being in a room smoky with cigarettes, under UV radiation.
Hormonal. This happens during sexual development and the 2nd phase of the menstrual cycle. There is a hormonal failure during menopause, pregnancy, stress. It also occurs due to treatment with hormones or their abrupt use, prolonged use of oral contraceptives.
Disorders in the work of the endocrine system. This occurs when, with hypothyroidism, both dryness of the skin and oiliness of the epidermis on the face are noted.

Reduced immunity also affects the appearance of the sebaceous surface of the epidermis.

7 diseases that cause oily skin

The doctor will be able to find out for what reason the patient has oily skin on his face. Because the sebaceous epidermis also appears in patients:

diabetes mellitus;
cachexia (exhaustion);
obesity;
with tumors, polycystic ovaries;
hyperandrogenism;
hypertrichosis;
with liver disease.

Illiterate hygienic care with the use of aggressive cleansing of the skin surface with cosmetics containing alcohol contributes to the appearance of excess fat on the skin.

It can also cause the use of scrubs, regular degreasing of the epidermis, the consumption of fatty creams, etc.

Do not rely only on your own knowledge. It is better to trust a dermatologist who will determine the cause of excessive greasiness on the surface of the skin. This will save you from serious health problems.

What to do if the skin of the face is oily? How can you help yourself?

10 rules for oily skin

It is necessary to adhere to the rules aimed at the prevention of diseases of the oily surface of the skin. Here is their list:

Exclude (limit) the consumption of fatty and fried foods. It is better to say no to salty and smoked, pickled and sweet foods. Preferred in the menu are dishes from low-fat fish and white meat, vegetables and fruits, bran.
Cosmetics are chosen with a reduced content of lipids and one in which antibacterial and antiseptic substances are represented by ethanol up to 10%.
Do not touch your face with unwashed hands.

It is preferable to purchase hypoallergenic cosmetics that include plant extracts to soothe sensitive and irritated skin.

All care products should be selected with the mark “for combination or oily skin”.

It is also important to follow these rules:

Choose the right wash (gel or foam, milk is best avoided). Under the ban - the use of soap, washcloths, hot water.
Once every 7 days, use ordinary peeling, facial cleansing (for example,).
Use UVA and UVB UV protection cream all year round (e.g. Bioderma AKN).
Do not mix with foundation, reduce its use to two times a week.
Decorative cosmetics should be chosen wisely, for example, powder with minerals.
It is permissible to resort to home masks no more than 1-2 times in 7 days. For procedures, white, green, blue clay, apples, kiwi, lemon juice are used. A positive result is achieved with a mask of mushy fresh potatoes.
Lotions with sea salt work effectively. They are performed once every 7 days, taking 500 ml of melt water and 1 tsp for a solution. salt. Withstand the remedy for 5-10 minutes.
Moisturize your skin only with creams and serums for combination or oily skin.
Consider products with retinol. Vitamin A supplement speeds up cell turnover, making it one of the best ways to fight aging. It also works wonders for acne. Differin has recently become available over the counter without a prescription.
Sauna trips help.

Green Pharmacy (5 Healing Herbs)

How to get rid of the problem at home? It is advisable to treat the sebaceous skin with herbaceous plants.

The presence in them of flavonoids, tannins, saponins (nitrogen-free and alkali-free organic natural substances), silicic acid, plant hormones and trace elements have a positive effect on the sebaceous epidermis.

Chamomile is a natural antiseptic with anti-inflammatory action. Its extract is able to cleanse and soften the skin surface on the face, restore elasticity and smoothness.
Salvia officinalis has a bactericidal, soothing, regenerating power. Calendula officinalis has the ability to heal, restore damaged epidermis.
The bark of oak (birch) is famous for its antiseptic and tannic qualities. Violet tricolor extract is aimed at cleansing, stimulating metabolic processes and ridding the body of harmful substances.
Green tea extract has the role of an antioxidant, which reduces the effect of free radicals on the skin.
An extract from the dandelion root increases the protective forces of the body, helps in the vital activity of the liver, gallbladder, kidneys. The plant extract is involved in the release of the body from metabolic products, which has a positive effect on the surface of the skin.

Effectively acting on the oily dermis grass, each patient selects individually. Replace water when washing infusions of herbs from chamomile, mint, nettle, lime blossom.

Oils for oily skin

Oil formulations are used instead of night cream. They are applied in a thin layer on a clean skin surface.

Oils act on pores clogged from dirt and hard fat, streamline the production of fat, and affect cell regeneration.

What oils to use? Here is their list:

Hazelnut in its pure form or as part of other oils. The surface of the skin under the influence of the product is cleansed, smoothed and restored, the pores are tightened.
Grape seeds, after which the surface of the dermis looks moisturized and without noticeable pores.
Berries, buds, black currant leaves - the product is endowed with an antibacterial property, the skin after it becomes elastic, the tone increases.
Sesame seeds, affecting the normalization of the functioning of the sebaceous glands, narrowing the pores.
Nuclei of almonds, coping with cleaning pores, irritated red spots.
Tea tree leaves - oily composition saves from acne and normalizes the condition of the dermis.
Lavender restores dullness to the skin, acts on the dermis with an anti-inflammatory effect.

Apply hazelnut oil (50% of the mix) with the addition of 10% of other selected oils. If you take essential oils (from sandalwood, rosemary, juniper, bergamot, grapefruit, cedar), add 1-2 drops to the base oil composition.

Beauty treatments for oily skin

What to do if the skin is oily and acne appears? To eliminate the problem of greasiness of the skin, it is permissible to include the following measures:

the use of scrubs (from almonds, apricot, salt, clay, etc.), this will even out and cleanse the skin;
use (milk, pyruvic, trichloroacetic, glycolic, etc.), this will lower the pH, regulate the production of fat and reduce the fat content of the dermis;
consumption of masks (mud, clay, based on seaweed), and this will disinfect, soothe the skin surface and remove excess fatty formations.

Question answer

Of course, oily skin also needs regular moisturizing. With this type of skin, fat interferes with the normal respiration of cells, clogging of pores occurs, and even collagen production worsens. That is why it is important to clean the skin surface, and then do not forget to moisturize it.

To do this, you can use special special napkins. They gently wipe the face, which removes excess sebum without spoiling the make-up. It is also worth carrying powder with you, which after a while you can hide the flaw.

This is because after using a paper towel, a person immediately throws it away. But the towel often remains too wet, and this is an ideal breeding ground for bacteria. As a result, they get on the skin surface, which, especially on oily skin, can lead to inflammation.

TOP-5 treatment methods

Skin with excessive oiliness, prone to peeling, requires additional treatment prescribed by a dermatologist or cosmetologist.

The course of treatment is determined by a specialist after receiving the results of a blood test (for glucose, hormones), familiarization with hereditary predisposition, anamnesis, etc.

The skin surface is cured of greasiness and hardware measures:

. The beam induces photochemical transformations in the dermis. During the sessions, the epidermis is smoothed, updated and regenerated. Its elasticity and tone change for the better.
Microdermabrasion of the dermis. Based on the action of an abundance of microscopic particles. They will polish the skin without pain, eliminate wrinkled manifestations, narrow pores, and reduce stretch marks.
Iontophoresis. It acts on the sebaceous dermis. As a result, blood flow to it, nutrition and microcirculation improve. The treatment restores the skin surface due to the deep diffusion of nutrients, eliminates oiliness.
Cavitation (ultrasonic) peeling. The shock wave cleanses the skin without pain, eliminates excess sebum from the pores of the hair follicles, cleans the keratinized dermis.
Based on mechanical vibrations. The procedure achieves massage, destruction of fibrous tissue, lymphatic drainage (removal of excess fluid). The technique does not allow clogging of hair follicles with fat, reduces skin rashes and irritable manifestations on the dermis.

Aisha Baron

plastic surgeon

For washing, use gels, foams suitable for skin type, cold water. Use tonics, and before applying cosmetics, moisturize the skin with a cream. Also, don't forget to use sunscreen. Daily clean the skin in the evening from dirt, cosmetics. And again apply the cream, only at night. These are simple rules, but they will help maintain the beauty of your skin.

Proper care and a healthy lifestyle will eliminate excessive oiliness of the skin. It makes the surface of the dermis attractive, relieves acne, greasy shine. At the same time, it is not difficult to preserve the visual youth of the face.

To do this, you should follow simple rules, take care of your skin. If you can’t solve the problem of excessive fat content on your own, you should consult a doctor.