What is vitamin B6 (pyridoxine) for? Vitamin B6 - instructions for use. Why does the body need vitamin B6 and what foods contain

Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine) - physiological role, signs of deficiency, content in food. Instructions for use of vitamin B6

Thank you

Vitamin B 6 is a group name for three mutually transforming forms of the same bioorganic compound. Various forms of one compound are called spatial conformations and have various names that are used to quickly and easily distinguish them in written and oral speech. However, the common name for vitamin B6 is pyridoxine.

Name of vitamin B 6

Figure 1 - Examples of hexane isomers.

Vitamin B 6 consists of three vitamers-isomers, each of which has the same vitamin activity. Vitamers are called differently - pyridoxol (pyridoxine), pyridoxal and pyridoxamine. All of these names can be used to refer to some form of vitamin B 6 . However, to avoid confusion, vitamin B 6, on the recommendation of the International Commission on the Nomenclature of Biological Chemistry, is called pyridoxine, meaning by this name all three structural forms that have the same activity - pyridoxine (pyridoxol), pyridoxal and pyridoxamine.

In addition, vitamin B 6 is sometimes called the old names - adermin or Y factor, which were given to matter several decades ago during their discovery and study of properties. Today, these names are rarely used in relation to vitamin B 6, but they can still be found in some scientific and popular science publications.

In the human body, all three vitamers of vitamin B 6 - pyridoxol, pyridoxal and pyridoxamine are converted into two active forms - pyridoxal phosphate and pyridoxamine phosphate. It is in the form of pyridoxal phosphate and pyridoxamine phosphate that vitamin B 6 has physiological and biological effects in the human body. These names are also sometimes used in the literature to indicate that we are talking about the active form of vitamin B 6 .

The physiological role of vitamin B 6

Vitamin B 6 has three listed physiological effects at the level of each cell. Then the effect is summed up and arises general action at the level of the whole organism. Let us consider in detail what is the essence of each physiological effect of vitamin B 6, and what role they play in the maintenance and regulation of vital processes.

So, at the level of protein metabolism, pyridoxine is necessary for the mutual conversion and metabolism of amino acids that occur during the reactions of transamination, transamination, deamination and decarboxylation. It is the course of these reactions that triggers and maintains vitamin B 6 at the required level. The mutual transformation of amino acids occurs in the body constantly, when it is necessary from one compound, which at the moment is quite a lot, to get another - available in insufficient quantities. Thanks to this mechanism, one amino acid can turn into another - the one that is needed right now for various protein synthesis processes. The process of converting amino acids into each other allows you to maintain a dynamic balance and prevent the occurrence of deficiency due to the conversion of another substance that is available in excess. In addition, vitamin B 6 improves the absorption of amino acids from the intestines into the bloodstream and their subsequent transportation to various organs and tissues.

In addition, vitamin B 6 supports, activates and accelerates the conversion of dopamine to norepinephrine and glutamic and aspartic acid to succinic acid, which significantly increase the rate energy processes in cells. This means that under the influence of vitamin B 6, metabolism is accelerated, metabolism is faster, and, consequently, all cells are renewed in more than short span time, maintaining the youth and activity of the whole organism.

In the course of deamination reactions, the formation of acetyl coenzyme A, which is a key substance for the course of Krebs cycle. And the Krebs cycle is necessary for the synthesis of a universal energy molecule ATP (adenosine triphosphoric acid) from carbohydrates. The importance of the ATP molecule cannot be overestimated - after all, each cell uses energy in this form, and not in the form of proteins, fats and carbohydrates that come with food. Thus, in order to obtain a universal energy substrate, the cell needs to process carbohydrates, proteins and fats into ATP molecules. And vitamin B 6 ensures the flow of a cascade of reactions (the Krebs cycle), during which carbohydrates are processed into ATP.

During decarboxylation reactions, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is formed from glutamic acid and serotonin from tryptophan. A gamma-aminobutyric acid and serotonin, in turn, are the main inhibitory mediators in the central nervous system. That is, under the influence of GABA and serotonin, inhibition and damping of excitation in the central nervous system occurs. And since the decarboxylation reaction, during which the formation of GABA and serotonin occurs, is regulated and triggered by vitamin B 6, in this way pyridoxine regulates the excitability of the central nervous system, preventing it from becoming excessively increased. That is why, with a deficiency of vitamin B 6, signs of excessive excitation of the central nervous system appear, such as a tendency to convulsions, exaltation, etc.

Finally, vitamin B 6 increases the amount of synthesized protein siderophilin, which carries out the transfer of iron from the intestine to tissues, including the bone marrow. Thus, pyridoxine provides the bone marrow with enough iron for hematopoiesis. And therefore, with a deficiency of vitamin B 6, anemia can develop, because it is simply impossible to deliver iron to the bone marrow, where hemoglobin is formed from it, due to a lack of siderophilin protein.

Vitamin B 6 for children - features of biological function

In children, the ability of vitamin B 6 to ensure the conversion of amino acids into each other is of great importance, since they are necessary for protein synthesis and building muscles, bones, connective tissue, vessels, nerves, etc. Summarizing, we can say that active protein synthesis is necessary for the child to normal growth and harmonious physical development. And at any particular moment in time, there may be a deficiency of one or another amino acid, without which it is impossible to build a protein. And then in literally The word "to the rescue" comes vitamin B 6, which starts the process of converting one amino acid in excess into another - the one that is now lacking. That is, pyridoxine in children provides normal physical development and full growth.

The function of maintaining protein synthesis is important not only for growth, but also for normal immunity. After all, antibodies or immunoglobulins are protein structures that are constantly synthesized in the body to destroy various pathogenic bacteria, viruses, fungi, etc. And against the background of a deficiency of vitamin B 6, the synthesis of immunoglobulins can occur with insufficient intensity, which will manifest itself as a decrease in immunity in a child.

Also, vitamin B 6 is involved in the synthesis of insulin, a protein that is very important for the utilization of glucose, with an insufficient amount of which a person develops a severe, chronic metabolic disease - diabetes mellitus.

In addition, vitamin B 6 is necessary for the synthesis of a sufficient amount of hemoglobin, since it stimulates the formation of a protein that delivers iron to the bone marrow, where hemoglobin is assembled. For children, this is especially important because they grow rapidly, and their blood volume is constantly increasing. If the volume of blood increases without a proportional increase in the amount of hemoglobin, then the child will develop anemia.

Also, for children, the ability of vitamin B 6 to suppress excitation and activate inhibition in the central nervous system is very important. Given the prevalence of excitation over inhibition in the brain in children, it becomes clear that vitamin B 6 is very important for maintaining balance and preventing convulsive activity, irritability and excitability.

Pyridoxine is also very important for skin health, since the vitamin prevents dermatitis of any origin, including allergic, seborrheic, fungal, psoriatic and diathesis. Given that children often develop inflammatory and itchy rashes on the skin, the role of vitamin B 6 as a substance that prevents these phenomena is very important.

Absorption and excretion of vitamin B 6

Vitamin B 6 deficiency - symptoms

Separately, it is worth mentioning the use of drugs that prevent the absorption of pyridoxine into the blood from the intestine as the reasons for the development of vitamin B6 deficiency. These drugs include anti-tuberculosis (isoniazid, ftivazid, tubazid, cycloserine) and some other antibiotics (penicillamine, chloramphenicol), as well as Ethionamide, Levodopa, estrogens and immunosuppressants.

Symptoms of Vitamin B6 Deficiency in Adults

• Deterioration of appetite up to its complete loss;
• Irritability;
• lethargy;
• Depression;
• Strong anxiety;
• Convulsions and high convulsive activity;
• Seborrheic dermatitis;
• Hair loss;
• Formation of kidney stones;
• The appearance of abnormal waves on the electroencephalogram (EEG);
• Neuritis and polyneuritis peripheral nerves;
• Inflammation of the tongue (glossitis);
• Dryness and roughness skin on the face, especially around the eyes and lips;
• Vertical and deep cracks on the lips;
• Cracks in the corners of the mouth;
• Numbness of the limbs;
• muscle weakness;
• Reduced immunity by reducing the number of T-lymphocytes.

Symptoms of vitamin B6 deficiency in children

• Delayed growth and physical development;
• convulsive attacks;
• High convulsive readiness and convulsions;
• Increased excitability;
• Disorders of the digestive tract (flatulence, diarrhea, etc.);
• Dermatitis with a pronounced inflammatory reaction.

Vitamin B 6 in foods

• Walnuts;
• Hazelnut;
• Potato;
• White cabbage;
• Cherries;
• Horseradish;
• Yeast;
• Sweet bell pepper;

The above products contain maximum amount vitamin B6. Pyridoxine is found in somewhat smaller but also sufficient amounts in legumes (beans, beans, peas, nahut, lentils), fish, meat, dairy products, liver of animals and birds, as well as cereals and eggs.

Foods rich in vitamin B 6 - video

Daily intake of vitamin B 6 people of different ages

• Children from birth to six months - 0.1 mg per day;
• Children 7 - 12 months - 0.3 mg;
• Children 1 - 3 years old - 0.5 mg;
• Children 4 - 8 years old - 0.6 mg;
• Children 9 - 13 years old - 1.0 mg.

The above are indicative average vitamin intake per day, which should be tried to be observed daily. However, if during a week a person receives less vitamin B 6 from food for several days, and on other days, on the contrary, consumes it in excess, then the dynamic balance will not be disturbed due to overlap, and in general the body will not experience a lack of pyridoxine.

The above norms are calculated for healthy people, leading moderately active image life. However, with nerve tension, physical exertion, staying in the cold, working with chemicals and radionuclides, the need for vitamin B 6 increases.

It is recommended to calculate the individual intake of pyridoxine based on the amount of protein in the diet, based on the ratio: 0.032 mg of vitamin B 6 for every 1 g of protein. At diet food the minimum sufficient intake of pyridoxine is 1 mg, and the maximum allowable is 6 mg.

In the treatment of various diseases, the dosage of vitamin B 6 by some clinicians is brought up to 600 mg per day. Usually this dose is tolerated without any negative consequences. However, scientists recommend not to exceed the daily dosage of pyridoxine more than 50 mg.

Forms of vitamin B 6 for medical use

Accordingly, vitamin B 6 tablets are taken orally, and the solution is administered intramuscularly, intravenously or subcutaneously. With acne, a solution of vitamin B 6 is applied externally in the form of lotions and applications to the affected areas.

In addition to two dosage forms, a vitamin B 6 preparation for medical use may contain as active substance various vitamers, such as pyridoxine hydrochloride or pyridoxal phosphate. A vitamin B 6 preparation containing pyridoxal phosphate as an active substance has a faster therapeutic effect compared to pyridoxine hydrochloride. Otherwise, the properties of preparations with pyridoxine hydrochloride and pyridoxal phosphate are the same.

Vitamin B 6 - indications for use

A separate article of the use of vitamin B 6 is the prevention of the development of hypovitaminosis in the treatment of tuberculosis with antibiotics. The fact is that anti-tuberculosis antibiotics consume vitamin B 6 in large quantities, therefore, even against the background of its normal intake with food, a deficient state (hypovitaminosis or beriberi) may form after a while. Therefore, when using anti-tuberculosis antibiotics, it is necessary to additionally take vitamin B 6. Currently, many new anti-tuberculosis drugs are produced in a combined form that includes an antibiotic and vitamin B 6 . This combined form allows only one drug to be taken and eliminates the need for additional and separate use of pyridoxine.

Today, the general indications for the use of vitamin B 6 are the following conditions:

• Early toxemia of pregnancy with nausea and frequent vomiting;
• Newborns on artificial feeding, produced not by balanced specialized infant formulas, but by donor milk or milk of farm animals;
• Formula-fed newborns suffering from dryness, swelling and peeling of the skin;
• Newborns with low body weight (hypotrophy);
• Newborns with pyridoxine-dependent convulsive syndrome (hereditary disease);
• Anemia associated with high concentration iron in the blood (hypochromic microcytic anemia);
• People with low resistance to various infectious diseases;
• People with increased excitability;
• People of all ages, including children, who suffer febrile seizures(convulsions that develop in response to high body temperature);
• heart failure;
• As part of the complex therapy of hepatitis and cholecystitis;
• As part of the complex therapy of parkinsonism;
• As part of the complex therapy of sciatica;
• Peripheral neuritis;
• Neuralgia;
• Prevention of seizures during the course of Ftivazid;
• Prevention of hypovitaminosis during the course of treatment with anti-tuberculosis antibiotics;
• Malnutrition;
• Long-term infectious diseases;
• To replenish the loss of vitamin B 6 with diarrhea;
• Enteritis (for the prevention of hypovitaminosis against the background of impaired absorption of pyridoxine through the inflamed intestinal wall);
• Prolonged stress;
• Malabsorption syndrome;
• Conditions after removal of the stomach or part of the intestine;
• Little's disease;
• Alcoholism;
• Dermatitis (atopic, seborrheic, acne, pimples, etc.);
• Herpetic infections (herpes simplex, chickenpox, etc.);

As you can see, the indications for the use of vitamin B 6 are quite diverse, due to the physiological effects of pyridoxine, which are exerted literally on every cell of any human organ. That is why vitamin B 6 preparations are indicated for use with such different states and diseases. Of course, with the help of only vitamin B 6 it is impossible to cure serious illnesses, but its use helps to increase the effectiveness of the therapy and, consequently, improve the prognosis and course of the pathology.

Vitamin B 6 in ampoules - characteristics and names of drugs

A solution of vitamin B 6 in ampoules is produced and sold under the following commercial names:

• Pyridoxine (vitamin B 6);
• Pyridoxine Bufus (Vitamin B 6);
• Pyridoxine-Vial (Vitamin B 6).

Vitamin B 6 tablets - characteristics and names of drugs

• Pyridoxine hydrochloride;
• Pyridoxine (vitamin B 6).

These drugs are monocomponent, that is, they contain only one active substance - vitamin B 6. In addition to these monocomponent preparations, there is a wide range complex means containing several vitamins, including B 6 . The list of complex products containing vitamin B 6 in the composition will be reflected in a separate section.

Complex preparations with vitamin B 6

Therapeutic preparations of vitamins contain several components - from two to five. Moreover, these components are selected for compatibility with each other and ease of use. For example, complexes of vitamins B 6 + B 12, which are very convenient to use, since they allow you to enter both compounds at once in one injection. Such complexes contain vitamins in rather large, therapeutic dosages and are used as part of the complex therapy of various diseases. That is why they are called therapeutic drugs. Below is a list of complex therapeutic drugs containing vitamin B 6:

• Angiovit (B 6, B 12 + folic acid);
• Binavit (B 6, B 1 and B 12 + lidocaine);
• Biotredin (B 6 + amino acid threonine);
• Vitagamma (B 6, B 1 and B 12 + lidocaine);
• Vitaxon (B 6 , B 1 and B 12 + lidocaine);
• Combilipen (B 6 , B 1 and B 12 + lidocaine);
• Compligam B (B 6 , B 1 and B 12 + lidocaine);
• Lysobact (B 6 + lysozyme);
• Magvit (magnesium citrate + B 6);
• Magne B6 (magnesium + B 6);
• Magnelis B6 (magnesium lactate + B 6);
• Magnesium plus B6 (magnesium lactate + B 6);
• Medivitan (B 6 , B 12 and folic acid);
• Mexi B6 (B 6 + ethylmethylhydroxypyridine succinate);
• Milgamma (B 6, B 1 and B 12);
• Milgamma compositum (B 6 and B 1);
• Multi-Tabs B-complex (B 1, B 2, B 3, B 5, B 6, B 12 + folic acid);
• Neurogamma (B 1 and B 6);
• Neurobion (B 6 , B 1 and B 12);
• Neuromultivit (B 6 , B 1 and B 12);
• Pentovit (B 1, B3, B 6, B 12 + folic acid);
• Pitzian (B 6 and B 12);
• Polyneurin (B 6 and B 1);
• Trigamma (B 6, B 1 and B 12 + lidocaine).

Vitamin B 6 - instructions for use

The choice of method of administration of vitamin B 6 depends on what the drug is used for. So, for the treatment of moderate hypovitaminosis or its prevention, as well as to improve the condition of the skin, hair and nails, vitamin B 6 is recommended to be taken in the form of tablets. To eliminate severe hypovitaminosis or beriberi, as well as in the complex treatment of various diseases, vitamin B 6 is recommended to be used in the form of injections. Also, vitamin B 6 must be injected if a person suffers from inflammatory or peptic ulcers organs of the digestive tract, in which normal absorption of the drug from the intestine is impossible.

The choice of injection route (intravenous, intramuscular or subcutaneous) is based on the capabilities of healthcare professionals and patients. The drug begins to act most quickly when administered intravenously, which must be used when acute conditions. During treatment chronic pathologies if a person cannot attend medical institution For intravenous administration vitamin B 6, he needs to switch to intramuscular or subcutaneous injections at home.

An injection of vitamin B 6 - how to administer the drug correctly

• Therapy with anti-tuberculosis antibiotics - administer vitamin B 6 at 5-10 mg per day during the entire course of treatment;
• Sideroblastic anemia - 100 mg per day, intramuscularly twice a week;
• Parkinsonism - 100 mg per day, intramuscularly twice a week. The course of treatment consists of 20-25 injections. Repeated courses are carried out after a break of 2 - 3 months.
• Depression - 200 mg per day, intramuscularly.

Intramuscular injection is recommended for side surface the upper third of the thigh, and not in the buttock, since an injection into the muscles of the leg is much safer. For the production of an injection, it is necessary to release outer surface upper third of the thigh from clothing, wipe the skin at the injection site with an antiseptic (alcohol, chlorhexidine, etc.), then gently break off the tip of the ampoule with the solution, insert the tip of the syringe needle into it and draw right amount drug. Then turn the syringe with the needle up and lightly tap on the surface of the tube in the direction from the piston to the needle so that air bubbles break away from the walls and collect on the surface of the solution. Then lightly press the plunger and release a few drops of the drug from the needle. After that, with a quick and gentle movement, insert the needle deep into the muscle, placing it perpendicular to the surface of the skin of the thigh. Slowly pressing the plunger, inject all the medicine into the muscle, then carefully withdraw the needle, keeping the syringe still perpendicular to the skin surface. Wipe the injection site with an antiseptic.

Subcutaneous injection is best done on the forearms of the hands. Before the injection, wipe the skin with an antiseptic and draw the medicine into the syringe. Release a drop of solution from the syringe to remove air, and close the needle with a cap. Put the finished syringe on a clean surface so that it can be reached by hand. Then, with your left hand, fold a skin area of ​​1-1.5 cm into a fold and hold it in this way until the end of the injection. Right hand take the syringe, remove the cap and insert the needle under the skin fold, holding it parallel to the bone of the forearm. Slowly inject the entire volume of the solution and remove the syringe, continuing to hold the skin fold with your left hand. After the needle is removed, you can let go of the skin and wipe the injection site with an antiseptic.

It is not recommended to do intravenous injections on your own, because without the proper skill it is dangerous and painful. For intravenous administration of vitamin B 6, you should use the services of a professional nurse.

Instructions for the use of vitamin B 6 inside

Vitamin B 6 - use for various purposes

Vitamin B 6 for hair

Mask with vitamin B 6 for hair

This is the best known B vitamin. It is used for fatigue and stress, and is also often used in the treatment of the nervous system, heart and joints. Together with another representative of this group (vitamins B6 and B12), they make a huge contribution to the process of protein absorption.

Vitamin B6 (pyridoxine) - essential vitamin group B, dissolves in water, is rapidly excreted and, accordingly, does not accumulate in the body (it is excreted up to eight hours), and therefore must be constantly replenished. It was discovered in 1926 as a by-product.

It is a representative of the group of derivatives according to chemical composition- pyroxidine, piroxidal, pyroxamine. Their effect on the body is the same.

Pyridoxine is heat resistant and high temperatures, only sunlight has a devastating effect on him. In the process of cooking, up to 40% of the vitamin is lost.

Vitamin B6 (pyridoxine) solves a variety of problems, having a wide spectrum useful properties, but the main and most main function is to ensure the metabolism of amino acids - these are the "building blocks" from which proteins are built. Actually here lies the cause of most of our diseases.

Pyridoxine in the liver synthesizes the enzyme transaminase, which takes part in the processing of amino acids. Also, if necessary, this enzyme regulates the absorption of proteins.

Who Needs Vitamin B6

American professor Albert Sent-Gyeri who discovered several vitamins at once: pyridoxine, ascorbic acid, riboflavin, biotin, thiamine (1934). After researching vitamin B6 for 20 years, I made the following conclusions: that nursing mothers should increase its intake from 2 mg and pregnant women from 2.5 mg to 20-25 mg (10 times more).

An increased dose of the substance is necessary:

• women who take medications containing estrogen;
• pregnant women, whose body forms a huge amount of estrogen, and by the end of pregnancy it is sometimes necessary to increase the dose of the vitamin more than the norm by 1000 times;
• the last two weeks of the premenstrual cycle, when the body produces largest number estrogen;
• losing weight, who cannot lose weight, despite all efforts (the reason may be a lack of vitamin B6);
• people who have experienced a lot of stress or who are prone to depression;
• all those who take drugs with steroids, for example, cortisone;
• adolescents with strong acne, which is difficult to treat, and is caused by the uncontrolled activity of the sebaceous glands. When using an ointment where 1 gram of cream consists of 10-50 mg of vitamin B6, the rash may decrease by 5-21 days of use;
• with low immunity;
• people who are malnourished and suffer from beriberi;
• at high blood pressure and risk of myocardial infarction;
• people who have psoriasis, dermatitis, diathesis.

Vitamin B6 deficiency

Vitamin B6 deficiency is accompanied by such symptoms

• depressive state;
• irritability;
• Insomnia;
• toxicosis in pregnant women;
• stomatitis;
• anemia;
• convulsions and convulsions;
• conjunctivitis.

In combination with magnesium, pyridoxine contributes to the treatment of diabetes, and a lack of it negatively affects the course of treatment. Studies have also shown that vitamin deficiency can cause problems with the pancreas, leading to nervous disorders, irritability, apathy. The deficiency can manifest itself in various skin diseases, as well as in hair loss, reduced immunity, as well as the body's instability to infectious diseases that are transmitted by airborne droplets.

Sources of vitamin B6. What foods contain vitamin B6

Most great content substances in the liver and yeast.

It is very important to find not only a rich source of the vitamin in food, but also to save it. Lost during cooking a large number of vitamin: when frozen, vegetables and fruits lose 40% of pyridoxine, when preserved up to 50% - 70%, when heat treatment products lose up to 90% B6. Therefore, these facts should be taken into account, and change, a little your diet and pyridoxine reserves will quickly replenish. For example, when baking bread and pies, add a little bran, add nuts to the diet, wrap potatoes in foil when baking, steam vegetables, etc.

Daily intake of vitamin B6 by age and gender

A contraindication to the use of the vitamin is severe liver damage, coronary heart disease.

Vitamin is taken in the form of tablets, ampoules (injections), as well as, if necessary, in the form of droppers.

Vitamins and the body

Vitamins - the most important elements for the body, are involved in the functioning of all organs. In the human body, vitamins are not formed (and if they are formed, then in scanty quantities), but they come from outside, in the form of food. Vitamins help cells grow, strengthen the immune system, without them metabolic processes in the body are not carried out.

A person needs vitamins in very small doses, but physiological need in them daily and constant. Deficiency of at least one vitamin threatens irreversible consequences for a person. a lack of useful elements negative impact on the physical and mental capacity, tissues and internal organs, metabolism is disturbed, development and growth slows down.

With full and proper nutrition the body receives all the required vitamins, which contributes to the production of hormones, the regulation of the metabolic process, and the synchronous functioning of organs. A person feels vigorous and healthy, tolerates cold, heat without problems, and is resistant to infections.

Stick to the right balanced nutrition and be healthy!

In medicine, the action of such a useful biologically active substance has not been paid much attention for a long time. However, later it turned out that its deficiency causes more than 100 diseases. Not only the metabolism in the body, the absorption of proteins, but even the mood depends on this compound involved in the synthesis of serotonin - the hormone of happiness.

Vitamin B6 - instructions for use

What is pyridoxine? This is the pharmaceutical name of the drug, which is a water-soluble crystals. B6 vitamins have three modifications:

• pyridoxine hydrochloride;
• pyridoxal;
• pyridoxamine.

The release of the drug is carried out in tablets and in liquid form. The solution in ampoules is intended for intravenous, intramuscular and subcutaneous injections. The method of administration of the drug is selected based on the purpose of its use. To prevent hypovitaminosis, improve the condition of hair, skin, nails, this pharmacy product is taken in tablets. Their use is practiced and, if necessary, a combination of drugs B6 and B1. In liquid form, these related substances are incompatible, so they should be injected on different days.

For the complex treatment of diseases, vitamin B6 is also more effective to use by injection. Dosages are determined by the types of diseases. As a rule, 20-25 injections are prescribed per course. You can repeat the treatment only after a few months. This practice of introducing vitamin B6 should not be violated - the instructions for use warn: with overdoses, the risk of adverse allergic reactions increases.

Vitamin B6 - indications for use

The functions of this substance are diverse. An excess of pyridoxine is just as harmful as a deficiency. There are few contraindications for its use: hypersensitivity, stomach and duodenal ulcers, coronary heart disease. Vitamin pyridoxine is used:

• with hypo- and avitaminosis;
• for the treatment of many diseases;
• for preventive purposes.

With a lack of vitamin B6 - indications for the use of pyridoxine are:

• increased nervous excitability;
• exposure infectious diseases;
• toxicosis during pregnancy;
• underweight in premature newborns;
• bad condition skin, hair, nails;
• slow weight loss;
• sea ​​and air sickness, etc.

The drug is an essential component in the complex therapy of many diseases. This:

• anemia;
• atherosclerosis;
• heart failure;
• diabetes;
• dermatitis, herpetic infections, psoriasis;
• enteritis;
• hepatitis, cholecystitis;
• sciatica, neuritis, neuralgia, Parkinson's disease;
• tuberculosis;
• prolonged stress, depression;
• alcoholism.

Vitamin B6 in ampoules

Vitamin B6 tablets

The preparations are produced with the content of pyridoxine hydrochloride in 2, 5 and 10 mg. In addition, brewer's yeast is sold with standardized doses of this substance, which can be taken as a preventive measure. According to the instructions, vitamin B6 tablets should be swallowed whole after meals with water. How much to take? Recommended for hypovitaminosis daily rate, needed by the body, is 3-5 mg for adults, but 2 mg is enough for a child. For medicinal purposes, appoint 20-30 mg.

The price of vitamin B6

Inexpensive medication can be bought in an online store (pharmacy), by selecting and ordering it from the catalog. Estimated prices for vitamins B6 in complex preparations are as follows:

• Angiovit (B6 + B12 + folic acid), price - 220-240 rubles;
• Pentovit (B6 + B1, 3, 12 + folic acid), price - 130-150 rubles;
• Multi-tabs B-complex (B6 + B1, 2, 3, 5, 12 + folic acid), price - 300-360 rubles;
• Magne B6 Forte, Premium (B6 + magnesium), price - 660-810 rubles;
• Magnelis B6 (B6 + magnesium), price - 280-420 rubles;
• Milgamma compositum (B6 + B1), price - 560-1140 rubles;
• Neuromultivit (B6 + B1, 12), price - 240-630 rubles.

Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine) is one of the representatives of water-soluble B vitamins. It is also called a universal stimulant of metabolism (metabolism). All the most important biochemical reactions in our body take place with its participation. And the lack of this vitamin negatively affects the state of all organ systems.

The concept of vitamins was developed in the first half of the last century. It was then that it was found that the basis of many diseases is a deficiency of certain substances, vitamin deficiency. Among these diseases is pellagra, which was previously mistakenly considered an infectious disease.

Pellagra was manifested by severe neuropsychiatric disorders, pathological changes on the skin and in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT), and often led to death. As soon as the connection between pellagra and vitamin deficiency was determined, the search for the appropriate vitamin immediately began.

In experiments on rats, it was found that recently discovered vit. B 1 (Thiamin) and vit. B 2 (Riboflavin) does not eliminate pellagra. However, feeding experimental animals with yeast led to a regression of pellagra symptoms and improved well-being.

Scientists rightly assumed that yeast contains a certain substance that has an anti-pelargic effect. This substance was called the rat factor. In 1934-1939, this substance was isolated in its natural form from yeast and rice bran, it was established structural formula, and then it was obtained synthetically. The new vitamin was named Pyridoxine.

Notably, Pyridoxine is not effective in treating pellagra. With this disease, another vitamin, vit. RR or A nicotinic acid, which is also found in yeast. However, Pyridoxine is involved in many other metabolic and physiological processes which was soon established. A little later, in 1944, two more varieties of vit. B 6 , Pyridoxal and Pyridoxamine, and their structural formulas are determined.

Properties

Pyridoxine (Pyridoxol) is a colorless crystalline powder. The crystals are odorless, but have a bitter-sour taste. Pyridoxine is highly soluble in water and alcohol, but insoluble in fatty substances and in ether. Resistant to heat and atmospheric oxygen. However, it is destroyed in the light.

Chemical formula of Pyridoxine: C 8 H 11 NO 3. Name: 5-Hydroxy-6-methyl-3,4-pyridine dimethanol (and as hydrochloride). Along with Pyridoxine (Pyridoxol), Vit. B 6 includes Pyridoxamine and Pyridoxal. These substances with similar chemical structure, physical properties and effects on the human body are called vitamers. They are formed from Pyridoxine, and also have the properties of vitamins.

Pyridoxal is an aldehyde analogue of Pyridoxine. The transformation of Pyridoxine into Pyridoxal occurs when it interacts with ammonia, potassium permanganate and other oxidizing agents. The interaction of Pyridoxal with glutamic acid and a number of amino acids leads to the formation of Pyridoxamine, an amine derivative of Pyridoxine.

Pyridoxamine and Pyridoxal can mutually transform into each other during chemical reactions transamination catalyzed by specific enzymes. The natural combination of Pyridoxal and Pyridoxamine is called Pseudopyridoxine. This substance is isolated from the urine of animals, and it has all the properties of vit. AT 6 . True, it is not the vitamers themselves that have vitamin activity, but their phosphorus derivatives.

Phosphates are formed from Pyridoxal and Pyridoxamine during enzymatic reactions - Pyridoxal-5-phosphate and Pyridoxamine-5-phosphate. These compounds are nothing more than active forms of vit. In 6 , which form its properties. The biological activity of Pyridoxal Phosphate is much higher in comparison with Pyridoxamine Phosphate. But despite the fact that vit. In 6 it is represented by several vitamers and their phosphates, the name Pyridoxine was assigned to it. In some sources, this vitamin is called Adermin or factor Y. But these names are rare.

Along with natural vitamers, scientists have obtained numerous synthetic analogues of Pyridoxine. These are 4-methoxypyridoxine, toxopyrimidine, isonicotinylhydrazide, and many others. Most of the synthetic analogues have the properties of antivitamins B 6 . According to the principle of competitive inhibition, they displace Pyridoxine and its derivatives from biochemical reactions, and thereby cause avitaminosis B 6 . If Pyridoxine is then administered, the signs of beriberi disappear.

Physiological role

Pyridoxal-5 phosphate is a coenzyme, non-protein integral part enzymes. As a coenzyme, it is part of enzyme systems that provide the synthesis of a number of amino acids - cysteine, glutamine, tryptophan, histidine, and some others. Some of the amino acids are not only synthesized, but also converted into each other with the participation of vit. AT 6 .

This vitamin transports amino acids through cell membranes and participates in the synthesis of many protein compounds. In addition, Pyridoxine-derived coenzymes regulate fat and lipid metabolism, participate in the synthesis of many biologically active substances, incl. serotonin, adrenaline, norepinephrine, histamine, sex hormones, PUFAs (polyunsaturated fatty acids).

On the part of organs and systems, the action of vit. In 6 it appears as follows:

• The cardiovascular system
  Due to the synthesis of polyunsaturated fatty acids and a decrease in the level of low-density cholesterol, it has an anti-atherosclerotic effect. Prevents the formation of atherosclerotic plaques, and thereby reduces the risk of myocardial infarction. Increases the force of myocardial contraction, and prevents congestive heart failure. Regulates blood pressure.

• Endocrine system
  Under the influence of vit. At 6, the amount of insulin secreted by the pancreas increases. This ensures the utilization of glucose and prevents the development of diabetes.

• Nervous system
  Anti-atherosclerotic effect in the vessels of the brain prevents the development brain strokes. In addition, Pyridoxine regulates inhibition and excitation in the central nervous system (CNS). Vit. B 6 facilitates the utilization of glucose in the brain tissue, participates in the synthesis of neurotransmitter substances (norepinephrine, serotonin, dopamine). As a result, a positive emotional mood is formed, sleep normalizes, thinking and memory improve, and mental performance increases.

• GI tract and liver
  Stimulates the formation of hydrochloric acid and its release in the composition gastric juice. It also stimulates the formation of bile by the liver and its subsequent excretion. Prevents stagnation of bile with stone formation in the biliary tract. Promotes the regeneration of liver cells, enhances the neutralization of toxins in the liver. Stimulates the synthesis of glycogen and its deposition in the liver.

• urinary system
  It has a diuretic (diuretic) effect. Regulates the excretion of mineral compounds in the urine. Prevents stone formation in the renal pelvis.

• Musculoskeletal system
  Promotes the accumulation of skeletal muscles creatinine, a high-energy compound that provides strength to muscle contractions.

• Blood
  Provides iron absorption in the intestine and its transport to organs and tissues, incl. and in the bone marrow. Thus, it stimulates the synthesis of hemoglobin and red blood cells. As a result, the amount of oxygen delivered by the blood to the tissues increases.

• Immunity
  Along with erythrocytes, it stimulates the synthesis of leukocytes and antibodies. Due to this, it activates the links of nonspecific cellular and specific humoral immunity increases the body's resistance to infections.

• Oncology
  Strengthening the immune system and improving metabolism under the influence of Pyridoxine leads to a decrease in the risk of developing malignant tumors.

• Skin with appendages, mucous membranes
  Participating in metabolic processes, vit. В 6 increases the barrier function of the skin and mucous membranes, forms their strength and elasticity, provides regeneration in case of damage and disease. Stimulates the growth of hair and nails.

daily requirement

Causes and signs of deficiency

The main causes of hypovitaminosis B 6:

• Irrational nutrition
  It is quite logical that with a low content of Vit. At 6, in the food taken, its beriberi will develop. The use of protein is accompanied by an increased consumption of vit. AT 6 . Therefore, the intake of protein food also contributes to vitamin deficiency B 6 to a certain extent. In young children who switch early to artificial feeding also increases the risk of beriberi B 6 .

• Diseases of the gastrointestinal tract
  In inflammatory diseases of the stomach and intestines, the absorption of food vit. At 6 will be broken. In addition, intestinal diseases occur with dysbacteriosis. But intestinal bacteria also synthesize this vitamin. A decrease in the enzyme-forming function of the liver, pancreas with some genetic abnormalities and acquired diseases (hepatitis, pancreatitis) also leads to Pyridoxine deficiency.
  In addition, there are a number of physiological and pathological factors, which are accompanied by an increased consumption of Pyridoxine:

• mental and physical stress
• period rapid growth and puberty
• infectious diseases with fever
• other severe diseases: malignant neoplasms, tuberculosis, HIV
• thyroid pathology
• allergic reactions
• alcohol abuse and smoking
• taking contraceptives, antidepressants and antibiotics.

All these factors against the background of malnutrition and diseases of the gastrointestinal tract with big share probability will lead to hypovitaminosis B 6 .

At the same time, negative changes will affect all critical systems organs:

• Nervous system
  General weakness, emotional instability, sleep disorders, deterioration of mental abilities, memory. With a pronounced deficiency, convulsive twitches in the muscles are noted. Convulsions with avitaminosis B 6 mainly occur in infants. In adults, due to damage to the peripheral nerves, numbness, decreased sensitivity and inhibition of tendon reflexes are noted.

• The cardiovascular system
  Atherosclerosis, dystrophic changes in the myocardium with congestive heart failure, increased blood pressure.

• gastrointestinal tract
  Deterioration or lack of appetite, gastroduodenitis, enterocolitis, intestinal dysbacteriosis, cholelithiasis. At the same time, patients complain of bloating, diarrhea.

• urinary system
  Urolithiasis, deterioration of the filtration capacity of the kidneys.

• Skin and mucous membranes
  Decreased firmness and elasticity of the skin, dryness and flaking of the skin, especially on the face. Due to dysfunction of the sebaceous glands develops seborrheic dermatitis. The lesion of the oral cavity takes on the character of glossitis, stomatitis and cheilosis with cracks on the lips and characteristic "seizes" in the corners of the mouth. Hair and nail growth slows down. Hair becomes brittle and falls out quickly.

• Blood
  Hypochromic anemia (anemia with a low amount of hemoglobin). At severe forms beriberi, a transition to the megaloblastic type of hematopoiesis is possible, when the precursors of erythrocytes, megaloblasts, appear in the peripheral blood.

• Endocrine system
  Diabetes mellitus, thyroid dysfunction.

• The immune system
  Decreased immunity against the background of leukopenia (decrease in the number of leukocytes), susceptibility to infectious diseases.

Musculoskeletal system

Low tolerance to physical activity, muscle weakness, accompanied by a feeling of numbness. develop in the joints degenerative changes type of arthritis.

Along with these symptoms, with a deficiency of vit. In 6, an increase in body weight is often noted, which is due to two factors. The first is obesity due to a violation of lipid metabolism. The second is a decrease in diuresis (the volume of urine excreted) and the accumulation of fluid in soft tissues in the form of edema.

In pregnant women, vitamin deficiency B 6 is one of the causes of early and late toxicosis with nausea, vomiting, dermatitis, cramps, and tooth loss. In children, this condition is manifested by a delay in physical and mental development.

Sources of income

A certain part of vit. In 6, it is synthesized by physiological (lactic acid bacteria, bifidumbacteria) and conditionally pathogenic ( coli) intestinal microflora. But the amount of endogenous or "internal" Pyridoxine is small, much less than the existing need.

To meet this need, we must receive vit. At 6 with food. This vitamin is found in many foods of plant and animal origin:

The table shows that quite a lot of Pyridoxine is found in the meat of mammals and fish, as well as in nuts, grains, legumes, berries and fruits.

Synthetic analogues

The most popular synthetic vit. B 6 as Pyridoxine hydrochloride. Forms of drug release:

• tablets for children 2 mg
• tablets for adults 10 mg
• 1 ml ampoules of 1%, 2.5% and 5% solution.

The most convenient form, of course, are oral tablets. However, in diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, the absorption of vit. At 6 in the intestines can be difficult. In these cases, a solution that can be administered intramuscularly or intravenously is preferred.

Along with pyridoxine hydrochloride, synthetic vit. B 6 is a part of many vitamin and mineral complexes (Multi-Tabs, Vitrum, Complivit, Geksavit, etc.), as well as cosmetics for skin and hair care.

Indications for use

• Neurology
  Parkinsonism after previous encephalitis, peripheral neuritis, chorea, convulsive syndrome in newborns, condition after cerebral strokes and traumatic brain injuries, vestibular disorders with motion sickness and motion sickness.

• Gastroenterology
  atrophic gastritis with low acidity, gastroduodenitis, enteritis and other conditions accompanied by malabsorption (deterioration of the absorption capacity of the intestinal mucosa), hepatitis, cholecystitis, cirrhosis of the liver.

• Dermatology
  Dermatitis, eczema, psoriasis, urticaria, exudative catarrhal diathesis, simple and herpes zoster.

• Hematology
  Anemia hypochromic and microcytic, leukopenia.

• Immunology
  Acute phase infectious diseases, recovery period after infections.

• Radiology
  Radiation sickness.

• Pregnancy
  Toxicosis mild and moderate in the first half of pregnancy

• Toxicology
  Alcoholism, severe poisoning with anti-tuberculosis drugs (Ftivazid, Isoniaid), symptomatic treatment other poisonings, accompanied by nausea and vomiting. Pyridoxine hydrochloride is contraindicated in liver failure, individual intolerance and any hyperacid states (with hyperacidity gastric juice). With great care it is used in coronary heart disease.

Metabolism

As part of food products we get vit. B 6 in the form of Pyridoxine (Pyridoxol), Pyridoxal and Pyridoxamine. These compounds are found in food bound state, mainly in combination with the rest of phosphoric acid. Upon entering the body, this connection is lost, and vitamers vit. In 6 they are dephosphorylated.

They are then freely absorbed into small intestine. Normally, the absorption process proceeds quite easily, by simple diffusion. Thus, Pyridoxal and Pyridoxamine can enter the body from outside or be transformed from Pyridoxine during some non-enzymatic reactions.

After the vitamers vit. In 6 they got into tissues, they are again phosphorylated with the participation of phosphokinase enzymes with the formation of active compounds Pyridoxal-5-phosphate and Pyridoxamine-5-phosphate. It should be noted that the accumulation of vit. At 6 it goes unevenly. IN most it is found in the myocardium and in the liver, as well as in the kidneys. End products of vit. B 6: 4-pyridoxylic and 5-phosphopyridoxylic acids. In the form of these compounds, the vitamin is excreted by the kidneys.

Interaction with other means

Corticosteroids (Dexamethasone, Prednisolone, Hydrocortisone, etc.) increase the excretion of Pyridoxine from the body

Synthetic estrogens (including and oral contraceptives), anticonvulsants and anti-tuberculosis drugs, immunosuppressants destroy vit. AT 6 .

Penicillamine, Kuprenil and other complexing antidotes bind Vit. At 6 and inactivate it.

Vit. In 6 reduces the activity of a number of antiparkinsonian drugs.

You can not combine vit. B 6 with Eufillin, Phenytoin, hypnotics and sedatives, because this leads to a weakening of their action.

The diuretic effect of diuretics Pyridoxine, on the contrary, enhances.

Alcohol hinders the absorption of Vit. At 6 in the intestines.

Vit. B 6 facilitates the absorption of iron, magnesium. Magnesium, in turn, has a positive effect on the absorption of vit. AT 6 . Also vit. B 6 reduces the loss of zinc, is well compatible with copper and calcium.

Vit. B 2 (Riboflavin) activates Vit. AT 6 . In turn, Pyridoxine increases the activity of Vit. B 9 (Folic acid).

But the activation of vit. In 1 (Thiamin), on the contrary, it slows down. A vit. В 12 (Cyanocobalamin) destroys vit. AT 6 . However, these three vitamins, vit. B 1 , B 6 , and B 12 are present in balanced amounts in many vitamin and mineral preparations. In combination with other vitamins and minerals, their activity does not decrease. But you should not combine tablets or injections of these vitamins on your own.

Like many water soluble vitamins, Pyridoxine does not accumulate in tissues. Therefore, hypervitaminosis B 6 is a rare phenomenon. It develops only when synthetic analogs are received in high doses, from 200 to 5000 mg and above. In these cases, it is noted pruritus and rash, sensory disturbances in the extremities, general weakness, dizziness and convulsions.

We try to provide the most up-to-date and useful information for you and your health. The materials posted on this page are for informational purposes and are intended for educational purposes. Website visitors should not use them as medical advice. Determining the diagnosis and choosing a treatment method remains the exclusive prerogative of your doctor! We are not responsible for possible Negative consequences resulting from the use of information posted on the site site

According to scientists, which is based on their numerous studies, modern man does not receive the norm he needs. useful substances(vitamins, minerals). We usually get these substances from food. But few of modern people adheres to the principles of a healthy, balanced diet, preferring snacks, convenience foods and mono-diets. Hence the appearance of a deficiency of vitamins, minerals, and other essential substances.

Very often the body lacks vitamin B6. This is one of the vital important elements needed for health. His daily requirement is 2.0 mg per day and not less. Vitamin B6 is involved in the synthesis of serotonin, known as the hormone of happiness. Therefore, it is often referred to as a vitamin - an antidepressant. In the presence of required amount B6 in the blood, a person does not lose peace of mind, he often experiences joyful emotions, being in a good mood. psycho-emotional state.

With its lack, a person suffers from insomnia, dermatitis develops on the skin, and bouts of irritability increasingly occur. Also, the deficiency of this substance has Negative influence on the liver.

Any modern pharmacy offers vitamin B6 ampoules or tablets. Each package contains instructions for this drug. But you can additionally take vitamin B6 only as prescribed by a doctor, after an appropriate medical examination. Remember that an excess of it is no less dangerous than a deficiency. But to treat the consequences of such an overabundance is much more difficult.

What are the indications for the use of vitamin B6?

First of all, the drug is prescribed in the presence of hypo- and vitamin deficiency of this particular substance. This often happens with various diets, poor diet. It is also indicated in the treatment of long-term infectious diseases.

The drug is effective in diarrhea, enteritis, malabsorption syndrome. He is appointed at stressful conditions, as well as the condition after resection of the stomach, intestines. Recommended for hemodialysis.

Vitamin is prescribed as part of the complex therapy of hypochromic or microcytic anemia. Included in the treatment of Parkinson's disease, sciatica, Little's disease, neuritis and neuralgia.

Applied in the treatment of congenital pyridoxine-dependent convulsive syndrome, sometimes observed in newborns. Prescribed as a means of prevention convulsive conditions patients while taking ftivazide.

Assign in the complex therapy of preeclampsia, alcoholism. With liver pathologies that appeared against the background of the use of ethanol or anti-tuberculosis drugs. Often it is recommended to take it to patients with hepatitis, in order to enhance diuresis, enhance the action of diuretic drugs.

Vitamin B6 is often prescribed to cores to regulate pressure. Recommended for treatment depressive states.

Often, preparations with this vitamin are prescribed for skin diseases - lichen dermatitis, with frequent exacerbations of herpes and psoriasis. Assign with neurodermatitis, in the treatment of seborrhea, exudative diathesis.

Assign in the treatment of autism, epilepsy. The drug is indicated for patients with generalized anxiety.

What is the vitamin B6 medication dosage and use?

Pills:

The drug in tablets is taken after meals. WITH preventive purpose take 0.002-0.005 g per day for adults.

What is the use of vitamin B6 in injection solution?

Vitamin is administered intramuscularly:

In the treatment of sideroblastic anemia - 100 mg twice a week. Usually given at the same time folic acid, cyanocobalamin and riboflavin.

In the treatment of parkinsonism - 100 mg per day. The course of conduction is 20-25 injections. If necessary, the treatment is repeated after 2-3 months.

In the treatment of depressive conditions of involutionary age - 200 mg per day with intramuscular injection.

During the treatment of convulsive syndrome (pyridoxine-dependent):

Adults: in / in or in / m - 30-600 mg per day.
Children: 10-100 mg per day.

What are the contraindications for vitamin B6?

Do not prescribe an additional dose, or treatment using B6 in patients with hypersensitivity. For strict restrictions on the drug vitamin B6, the instructions for use call patients with peptic ulcer and those suffering from ischemia of the heart.

What are the side effects of vitamin b6?

When using preparations - sources of this substance, allergic manifestations, such as, skin rashes, swelling, redness of the skin, itching. Hypersecretion of HCl may be observed. Sometimes the patient complains of a feeling of squeezing in the arms and legs. In lactating women, there is a decrease in lactation. With the rapid administration of the drug, convulsions may occur.

You will learn even more detailed information about the properties and use of vitamin B6 from the original paper instructions, which you will find in the package with the drug.

Do not self-prescribe medications. Do not risk your own health, always ask your doctor for a prescription. Be healthy!