Cook during lactation, what is possible. The drug "Charozetta" and its effect on the baby. What methods of contraception are not suitable for HB

Modern medicine creates all the conditions for a woman during the decree to be not only a good mother to her baby. The desire to remain a wife and lover to her husband makes women look for reliable birth control pills while breastfeeding. What contraceptives can be used during this crucial period?

Contraceptive methods while breastfeeding

The trends of modern society are such that most women give birth to one, maximum two children. At the same time, few young mothers decide to have a second baby in the first year after the last birth. The weather demands a lot of strength and resources from a woman, so many families put off planning another child for a while.

A month and a half after the birth of the first child, the question of reliable contraception arises. If the baby is bottle-fed, there are usually no questions. Combined oral contraceptives are recognized as the most effective means to protect against unwanted pregnancy. These drugs contain estrogen and progesterone in their composition in the lowest possible doses. Daily intake of oral contraceptives reliably protects a woman from the birth of an unplanned child.

During lactation, the situation becomes somewhat more complicated. If a woman is breastfeeding her baby, she cannot take combined oral contraceptives. Estrogen, which is part of their composition, reduces the amount of milk. What about a nursing mother who does not want to refrain from intimacy with her beloved man? What are the methods of contraception for women during lactation?

All contraceptives approved for use in nursing mothers can be divided into the following groups:

• hormonal agents;
• intrauterine contraceptives;
• barrier methods;
• chemicals;
• natural methods of conception planning.

All these funds can be used during lactation 6 weeks after the birth of the baby. Let's take a closer look at each of the contraceptives.

Hormonal contraception

During lactation, to protect against unwanted pregnancy, you can use the following hormonal drugs:

• progestogen contraceptives (mini-drank);
• intrauterine device "Mirena";
• subcutaneous implants.

Contraindicated during breastfeeding:

• combined oral contraceptives;
• vaginal ring "NovaRing".

Gestagen contraceptives

Representatives of this group include Laktinet and Charozetta. These products contain only progesterone. Unlike combined oral contraceptives, mini-pills suppress ovulation weakly. Only in 30% of women taking "Laktinet" or "Charosetta", the egg does not mature in due time. Most nursing mothers ovulate, and the contraceptive effect is achieved through other mechanisms.

The Pearl Index (contraceptive effect) for progestin preparations is 0.3-0.9. Mini-pills increase the viscosity of the mucus of the cervical canal and reduce the activity of the fallopian tubes, thereby complicating the passage of spermatozoa. In addition, progestin contraceptives change the structure of the endometrium (the inner lining of the uterus). Even if fertilization occurs, the embryo simply will not be able to attach to the uterine wall. With prolonged use, mini-pills cause reversible atrophy of the endometrium (reduction in its size).

Preparations "Laktinet" and "Charozetta" are analogues. Each of them contains 75 micrograms of desogestrel. The package contains 28 tablets, which should be taken once a day, daily. A break in taking the drug is not done.

Take the mini-pill at exactly the same time every day!

Progestin preparations can be started 6 weeks after birth. "Laktinet" does not affect the composition and volume of breast milk. This tool is considered completely safe for the baby, so the entire period of breastfeeding can be used.

Laktinet causes the following side effects:

• heavy and prolonged menstruation;
• spotting between periods;
• decreased mood;
• decrease in sexual desire;
• soreness of the mammary glands;
• body weight gain.

"Laktinet" has some advantages over combined contraceptives. It can be used by nursing mothers suffering from varicose veins and many heart diseases. Mini-pills are much less likely to cause blood clots and other serious complications.

Of the minuses of "Laktinet" it should be noted an increase in the risk of ectopic pregnancy and the occurrence of ovarian cysts. Also, this drug leads to the frequent occurrence of acyclic bleeding outside of menstruation. These side effects do not make Lactinet too popular among nursing mothers, forcing them to look for other methods of contraception.

Intrauterine hormonal system "Mirena"

Mirena is an intrauterine device containing levonorgestrel. This drug belongs to the group of gestagens and is approved for use during breastfeeding. Mirena inhibits the development of the endometrium, leading to its temporary atrophy. Like mini-pills, the intrauterine device increases the viscosity of the cervical mucus and reduces the activity of the fallopian tubes.

Mirena is recommended for women who have given birth and have one sexual partner. Of the advantages, it should be noted the high efficiency and convenience of the method. The spiral is installed in the uterine cavity for 5-7 years. A woman no longer needs to think about taking a pill every day or constantly buying new packs of condoms. The gynecologist is engaged in the installation and removal of the intrauterine device.

Do not delay your visit to the doctor after the expiration of Mirena!

The intrauterine device, like Laktinet, has a number of negative side effects:

• mood changes, depression (first 3 months after installation);
• uterine bleeding;
• menstrual irregularities;
• lack of menstruation (amenorrhea).

Barrier and chemical methods of contraception

Not all women are ready to take mini-pills or put a spiral during lactation. What other methods of contraception are allowed while breastfeeding?

Many breastfeeding mothers prefer condoms and diaphragms. These funds are completely safe for the baby and do not affect the composition and amount of breast milk. Of the minuses, it is worth noting the decrease in sensitivity during intercourse, as well as the need to keep condoms at hand all the time. In rare cases, it is possible to develop an allergy to latex. Contraceptive effect from 85 to 97%.

Chemicals (spermicides) are also allowed during lactation. Their efficiency ranges from 75 to 90%. Spermicides are recommended to be used together with barrier methods of contraception to increase their reliability. The contraceptive effect after the use of chemicals lasts from 1 to 6 hours.

Natural methods of contraception

During lactation, not only hormonal and barrier contraceptives can be used. The well-known method of lactational amenorrhea is very popular with nursing mothers. The contraceptive effect persists for 6 months when fed exclusively with breast milk. Supplementation with mixture and supplementation with water is not allowed. Even with all the recommendations, this method often fails young mothers. Pregnancy against the background of lactation can occur even before the arrival of the first menstruation. It is quite difficult to predict this moment, so many women, when using the lactational amenorrhea method, become mothers for the second time.

The method of natural recognition of fertility also applies to natural methods of contraception. Its essence lies in calculating the moment of ovulation and calculating safe days for marital intimacy. This method should be used under the supervision of a recognition specialist. Otherwise, the risk of incorrect self-interpretation of the results and the occurrence of an unplanned pregnancy is too great.

Women who have previously used this method of contraception decide to take birth control pills while breastfeeding. However, not all remedies are suitable for lactation. Features of protection during breastfeeding, effective and safe contraceptives - in the recommendations of obstetrician-gynecologists.

The onset of a new pregnancy within a short time after childbirth is possible, even if the woman is breastfeeding. Lactational aminorrhea, in which menstruation does not occur, does not provide reliable protection against conception. The absence of menstruation and their irregularity do not allow a woman to assume the probable timing of the release of a mature egg. In fact, pregnancy can occur any day. Therefore, gynecologists recommend starting to protect yourself not from the period of menstruation, but from the moment you start having sex, that is, from the sixth to eighth weeks after childbirth.

Demanded means of protection

In 2011, the magazine "My Child" conducted a sociological survey on the topic of contraception after childbirth. Almost two-thirds of the women surveyed answered that they pay high attention to contraception and use special means for this. More than half of them used a condom, just under thirty percent chose the pill. About ten percent of the mothers surveyed used barrier contraceptives (cap, vaginal ring). And almost eight percent trusted the calendar and cervical methods.

This survey showed that postpartum birth control pills and other hormonal contraceptives are not often used by young mothers. The reason for this is the low level of trust due to the danger of reducing lactation, interfering with the hormonal background. In addition, to choose contraceptives, you should consult a doctor, which takes time. It is much easier to use "improvised" means that do not have a pronounced effect on the body.

But doctors warn of the risks of using them.

• Condom. The most popular type of contraception, and not only during breastfeeding, but also in everyday life. For a woman during lactation, it is completely safe. Condoms are available, you can buy them at any pharmacy, they do not affect the hormonal balance. Their advantage is also protection against sexually transmitted infections, which is especially important in the postpartum period, until the natural defense mechanisms of the uterus are restored. The disadvantage of a condom is the need for strict adherence to the rules for its use. In addition, there is a psychological barrier associated with an insufficient level of sensations. Not all couples can overcome it.
• barrier means. Barrier contraception during lactation is not very popular. At the same time, gynecologists note its relevance for nursing mothers. A contraceptive cap or diaphragm does not interfere with the hormonal background, does not affect lactation and the reproductive system. They are chosen by women who have already used such contraceptives before pregnancy. After giving birth, the first acquaintance with them may be unsuccessful. Only a doctor can choose the right size, insert a diaphragm or a cap, for which you need to contact a antenatal clinic.
• Chemical means. These include suppositories, spermicidal ointments, vaginal tablets. These funds can be used as contraceptives during breastfeeding, as they act exclusively within the vagina, inhibiting sperm motility. Their effectiveness is up to 90%, the probability of conception increases if the requirements for use are not followed.
• natural contraception. It involves the use of three methods of self-control. First calendar. With him, a woman calculates the days of a possible conception by mathematical calculations. The most dangerous period is the middle of the cycle, when the likelihood of pregnancy increases. The second method is cervical, it involves controlling the volume and quality of mucous secretions from the vagina. By increasing their number, it can be assumed that ovulation has occurred. And the third method is symptothermal. A woman daily measures the temperature in the rectum and, if it rises, she can draw a conclusion about dangerous days. The disadvantage of all these methods during lactation is the lack of an established cycle. In addition, self-discipline and experience are important.
• lactational aminorrhea. Natural contraception during breastfeeding, due to high levels of the hormone prolactin, which blocks ovulation. Its efficiency reaches 98%, but several conditions form it. It is necessary to feed the child only with breast milk, without supplementing with water, without the use of supplementary feeding. It is not allowed to offer the baby nipples, and breastfeeding should be as frequent as possible. Reduce the protective effect of long breaks in feeding, for example, for a night's sleep. The method stops working if the baby is six months old or the mother starts menstruating.

Natural and barrier methods of protection against pregnancy are the safest for a woman's health. They act "superficially", do not interfere with the processes occurring in the body. But in terms of effectiveness, birth control pills for nursing mothers are more preferable. They provide an increased level of protection against conception.

Hormonal drugs

Means that correct the hormonal background of a woman are represented by pills, spirals, implants. Not all of them are suitable for a young mother. Preparations containing the hormone estrogen negatively affect lactation, suppress the production of breast milk. Therefore, the use of traditional oral remedies during lactation is prohibited.

mini pili

Alternative to oral contraceptives. The composition of the preparations includes gestagens, which do not affect the production of breast milk. The principle of action of contraceptives during lactation is to disrupt the possibility of fertilization of the egg.

Gestagens cause the following body reactions.

• Change the quality of mucus on the cervix. Its structure becomes denser more dense. The increased density makes it irresistible for spermatozoa.
• Reduce the peristalsis of the fallopian tubes. A decrease in the productivity of the movement of the epithelium does not allow a mature, fertilized egg to reach the uterine cavity.
• Exclude the fixation of the egg. In the case of fertilization of the egg, it is not fixed on the walls of the uterus, therefore it is rejected by the woman's body.

“Gestagens have a mild effect on a woman’s body,” comments obstetrician-gynecologist Olga Pankova. - They do not change the composition of breast milk, its taste, do not affect lactation. But their effectiveness depends on the woman's self-discipline. It is important to take the tablets daily, at the same time. A break of more than twelve hours reduces the protective effect.

Contraceptives for breastfeeding such as mini-pili are represented by the preparations "Charozetta", "Lactinet", "Femulen", "Exluton".

Disadvantages of drugs:

• the penetration of small doses of hormones into breast milk;
• change in the menstrual cycle - increased intensity, reduced cycle duration, intermenstrual bleeding;
• skin deterioration, acne development;
• risk of developing polycystic ovaries.

Despite the mild effect of drugs on the body, side effects of mini-pills do exist. Therefore, they should be prescribed by a doctor, taking into account the state of health of the woman. If adverse reactions occur, a doctor's consultation is required. After discontinuation of drugs within two to three months, the woman's condition usually returns to normal without additional treatment.

Hormonal coils are more convenient than pills. Their action is always kept at the same level. Efficiency reaches 98%, the result is based on the suppression of the egg maturation process.

Doctors do not exclude the use of an intrauterine device as a solution to the issue of how to protect yourself during breastfeeding. But note the following features of its application.

• Childbirth without complications. The introduction of a spiral is possible only for women who have not received ruptures and significant damage to the cervix during childbirth. In this case, the use of the IUD is allowed already six or eight weeks after the birth of the baby. If the birth was traumatic, the installation of the IUD will need to be postponed, sometimes for up to six months.
• Risk of inflammation. The use of a spiral increases the likelihood of inflammatory diseases of the genital organs. Therefore, a woman should be regularly observed by a gynecologist.
• Side effects. Like other hormonal-type drugs, the spiral can affect the frequency and nature of menstruation, and cause ectopic pregnancy.

It is important for a woman who has installed an IUD to consider the period of its validity. It ranges from several months to five years. Even if the spiral works for a long time, regular examinations by a gynecologist are necessary to control your own health.

implant

If a woman is not sure that she will be able to take birth control pills correctly after childbirth and is afraid of inflammation that is possible after the installation of the spiral, she may choose a subcutaneous implant. It is a thin rod 4 cm long. It is implanted subcutaneously, on the inside of the shoulder. The procedure is fast, performed under local anesthesia, takes about three minutes.

The implant contains the hormone progestogen. It does not affect lactation, but blocks ovulation. Its duration is up to three years. A woman can have an implant inserted as early as six weeks after giving birth.

Subcutaneous implants do not bring harm to health. But when using them, spotting in the middle of the cycle is possible. To prevent negative reactions, regular examinations by a gynecologist are required.

emergency contraception

Emergency contraception during breastfeeding is used after unprotected intercourse, when there is a high risk of unwanted conception. Preparations of this group are hormonal, contain high doses of hormones, so they should be used carefully, only in case of urgent need.

Tablets "Exapel", "Postinor" contain the hormone levonorgestrel. It is able to affect lactation, reduces milk production. However, due to the short-term course of these drugs (2 tablets per day), they are considered conditionally compatible with lactation.

Currently, there are a large number of means of protection against unwanted pregnancy. Many of them can be used as birth control while breastfeeding. It is allowed to use effective hormonal contraceptives in the form of a mini-pill, an IUD, an implant. The doctor will help you choose the right one, taking into account the state of health and the characteristics of the recovery of the body after childbirth.

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Today, family planning is one of the priority areas in gynecological practice, especially if there is a baby in the family. Not all families are morally and financially ready for the birth of the weather, and abortion for a woman who has recently given birth to a child and is breastfeeding is also a negative impact on health. Therefore, contraception after childbirth against the background of breastfeeding, after the start of intimate relationships between spouses, becomes one of the most important tasks.

Contraception after childbirth

Today, there are many methods of preventing unwanted pregnancy, but their effectiveness varies, there are both relatively reliable and unreliable methods. Against the background of lactation after childbirth, a relatively long period of amenorrhea persists, the absence of menstruation due to blocking the work of the ovaries for the maturation of the egg against the background of lactation. This phenomenon is used by many married couples, practicing the method of LAM prevention (method of lactational amenorrhea). In addition, there is a marital calendar, this is the calculation of safe days, as well as interrupted sexual intercourse, in which sperm does not enter the woman's vagina. There are also barrier means of protection - condoms and vaginal caps and membranes, preparations for oral hormonal contraception and intrauterine devices. The most radical method of protection is the method of cutting or tying the fallopian tubes in a woman or the vas deferens in a man.

When to Consider Contraception

Actually, with the onset of intimacy, the question of contraception should already arise, since even with intensive breastfeeding, LLA may not work, since its effectiveness reaches 95-96%, that is, purely theoretically 4-5% of women may well become pregnant. That's why, starting from 8-10 weeks after birth, when the discharge has ended, or with the onset of regular menstruation, pregnancy is quite likely, and it is necessary to decide how to protect yourself. Each of the methods has its indisputable advantages and disadvantages, the most reliable and indisputable method is only abstinence.

MLA while breastfeeding

LAM is a method of lactational amenorrhea practiced by many breastfeeding women. Subject to all the rules of this method, its efficiency reaches 96%, in connection with which it is convenient for many couples in the first time after childbirth.

The undoubted advantage is its naturalness, ease of use and free. A significant disadvantage is the degree of reliability, which significantly depends on the strict observance of the conditions for compliance with all the rules in breastfeeding.

A similar method can be practiced if breastfeeding does not allow pacifiers, supplementary feeding and drinking water, application strictly on demand, including at night, the child sucks actively and the mother does not have menstruation.

It is usually practiced before children when it already loses its effectiveness and degree of protection. Against the background of active and full breastfeeding without interruptions, there are usually no periods, ovulation is suppressed due to the active release of lactation hormones and conception does not occur. Usually this method is practiced by those couples who do not worry about the possible hit in 4-5% of those who can become pregnant.

Calendar method for HB

One method of natural contraception is to keep a marital calendar (often along with measurements of basal body temperature). The effectiveness of the method for HB is low, since conception can often occur before the first menstruation, and with this method they are guided by the timing of menstruation.

note

Due to hormonal changes, the days of ovulation can shift, respectively, as well as “stray” and safe days.

Against the background of breastfeeding, it can only be used in the second year of feeding, when menstruation is already established, its terms are stable, and hormonal effects on reproductive functions are not so great. Efficiency ranges from 40 to 65%, depending on whether the cycle is regular or not.

The advantages of this method:

• Free
• Natural

Cons of this method:

Coitus interruptus with GV

Many couples practice PAP (pullout) as a method of preventing unwanted pregnancies. Its essence lies in the fact that a man before the onset of ejaculation during intimacy removes the penis from the woman's vagina, respectively, the sperm does not enter the vagina.

It is difficult to call this method reliable due to the fact that some of the active spermatozoa are contained in the secrets released before ejaculation, and sometimes a man in a fit of passion simply does not have time to "come out", which causes misfires.

The advantages of this method:

• Free
• Natural

Cons of this method:

Barrier methods of contraception for HB

Barrier contraception includes condoms that are put on a man's penis during intimate contact or caps (membranes) that are placed or put on a woman's vagina. Due to these products, sperm and, accordingly, male germ cells cannot enter the cervix and fallopian tubes, where conception occurs. Caps and membranes have not received much distribution with HB, as well as with other intimate contacts, due to the difficulty with their use and low reliability. Therefore, we will discuss condoms as one of the most popular methods.

A condom is put on the penis in an erect state just before intimacy, and due to it, the sperm simply physically cannot get into the woman's hearth paths, remaining inside the condom. The effectiveness of this method reaches 95-98% with proper selection and use.

Advantages of the method:

• Simple, does not require special skills
• Reliable when properly sized
• Protects against STIs

Cons of the method:

• The condom may fall off, tear, or not fit
• May be allergenic (grease, latex)
• Every intimate encounter requires a new condom, which is financially sensitive (quality products are expensive).

Ligation (cutting) of pipes during HB

Refers to radical methods of contraception, in which, due to artificially created obstacles, conception in the fallopian tubes is impossible. It is used only for those women who have reached the age of 35, have 2 or more children, or for medical reasons, pregnancy is dangerous for a woman. Efficiency reaches 99-100%.

Advantages of the method:

• Free
• Effective

Cons of the method:

• Does not protect against STDs
• Requires an operation if the dressing was not done in childbirth with.

Ligation (transection) of the vas deferens

It is similar to this method in women, but is performed in men. It is indicated when a man reaches 35 years of age and older and has 2 or more children. The method can be both reversible and radical. When ligating the cords or placing a special cork, fertility can be restored, when transected - only after the operation, and not always successfully.

Advantages of the method:

• Free
• Effective

Cons of the method:

• Radical, further conception is possible only after surgical intervention
• Does not protect against STDs.

Contraceptive pills for nursing mothers

When breastfeeding, only pure gestagenic contraceptives (mini-pills) are acceptable for use, since combined ones (COCs) lead to a violation of milk production, and also affect the child.

Taking a mini-pill gives, when used correctly, an efficiency of up to 98%, but requires pedantry in observing the timing of taking the pills.

Advantages of the method:

• Effective
• Does not affect the quality of milk
• It is applied from early terms after childbirth, it is possible from 8-12 weeks after birth

Unplanned pregnancy after childbirth is a fairly common phenomenon. Many couples believe that it is impossible to get pregnant in a short time after giving birth, or even simply forget to use protection. Meanwhile, there are convenient and reliable contraceptives for nursing mothers. We'll take a look at the various options available. Surely some of them will suit you. Many of them are sold freely in pharmacies and do not require skill to use. However, this fact does not cancel the planned visit to the gynecologist about 2 months after the birth of the child. And the doctor will tell you the recommended list of contraceptives for nursing mothers: spermicides, barrier methods of contraception, oral contraceptives, IUDs (intrauterine systems).

Chemical contraception

These are well-known products under the trademarks "Pharmatex" and "Patentex Oval", as well as their various "versions", that is, drugs that have a similar composition, but are sold, as a rule, at a lower price.

The effect of these drugs, which are introduced into the vagina immediately before sexual intercourse, is that they paralyze spermatozoa and form a reliable protection throughout the vagina and cervix, preventing them from penetrating further.

However, the effectiveness of spermicides are quite average. All due to the fact that many people violate the instructions for their use. Begin sexual intercourse before the drug has time to evenly cover the entire vagina.

And two more unpleasant moments - burning, which can occur in both men and women. As well as a violation of the microflora of the vagina. With frequent use of chemical contraception, many women develop vaginal candidiasis or bacterial vaginosis.

The first time after childbirth, a woman does not have a menstrual cycle. In this regard, many young mothers are sure that they will not be able to become pregnant again during this period, and lose sight of the need for contraception. Indeed, breastfeeding is a good contraceptive, but it is effective for a short time and only under certain conditions.

In no more than six months, each woman will have to use additional means - barrier methods, spirals or tablets. The first two methods during lactation are used as usual, but not all birth control pills are allowed during breastfeeding, some of them can suppress milk production.

About lactational amenorrhea

Amenorrhea is the absence of cyclic hormonal changes in an adult woman. At the same time, menstruation stops, as the work of the ovaries stops. If this condition lasts more than three cycles at the usual time, the woman needs treatment. But during GV, amenorrhea is the norm. This is a completely physiological phenomenon, designed to protect the mother's body from excessive stress.

During lactation, the amount of prolactin increases significantly, which affects milk production. Prolactin suppresses the production of luteinizing and follicle-stimulating hormones in the pituitary gland, which are necessary for the maturation of follicles in the ovaries and ovulation. Thus, during breastfeeding, the ovaries rest and no new pregnancy.

The effectiveness of this natural method is quite high - pregnancy occurs in only 2% of women. In terms of efficacy, lactational amenorrhea is comparable to the use of condoms and significantly superior to vaginal spermicides. It was this method that was the main one of our great-grandmothers - married women of childbearing age in the villages were either pregnant or lactating.

Observations in modern life do not confirm historical facts, many women, in the absence of contraception, become pregnant in the first year. The weather is not uncommon in our lives, and not always a quick re-pregnancy was desired. The fact is that the method of lactational amenorrhea is highly effective only if a whole list of conditions is met.

Why should you take precautions while lactating?

Breastfeeding protects against pregnancy if the following conditions are met:

1. Feedings should be frequent, during the day and at night, with intervals between them no more than 3 hours.
2. You need to apply the baby, do not limit the sucking time.
3. The baby should not consume anything other than breast milk - water, formula, complementary foods. The use of a pacifier is also not allowed.
4. should be absent.

A high contraceptive effect is achieved only if the entire list of conditions is met. When the baby begins to sleep more at night, or he has to give, the effectiveness of this method drops sharply. The most effective lactation method of contraception is for mothers of restless, actively sucking babies. And even in this case, you will have to think about additional contraceptives when the child is 6 months old and should normally begin.

The disadvantages of the method are:

• the need to control the frequency of breastfeeding, sometimes the child will have to be woken up to give him a breast;
• a strong decrease in the contraceptive effect in case of a child’s illness, when you have to give him the medicine in a diluted form or additionally supplement it with saline solutions;
• lack of protection against the penetration of infection into the female genital tract, so it should be used only with full confidence in the partner.

With a decrease in the contraceptive effect, pregnancy can occur during the first ovulation, the appearance of menstruation for conception is not required. Gynecologists do not consider breastfeeding a sufficiently reliable method of protection and insist on the use of other methods, especially in cases where repeated pregnancy is contraindicated in the near future.

Ways to protect yourself while breastfeeding

Resume sexual intercourse after childbirth in most cases resolved after 2 months, with a mandatory preliminary examination by a gynecologist. From now on, it is worth thinking about contraceptives.

There are quite a few options for contraception for a nursing mother, adjusted for the preservation of lactation, all the main methods are allowed:

1. Interrupted intercourse in combination with the calendar method is the most risky contraceptive method. In 73% of cases, pregnancy occurs already in the first year of its use, and in case of insufficient self-control of a man, even earlier. In addition, it negatively affects the sexual function of both the woman and her partner.
2. Spermicides in the form of vaginal tablets, gels, creams and suppositories are not much more effective, with them the probability of pregnancy is 71%. Also, these drugs can cause allergic reactions.
3. Condoms as a contraceptive method are especially recommended when changing sexual partners. In addition to sexually transmitted diseases, they will protect against the introduction of new microflora, which can disrupt the balanced system of bacteria in the woman's vagina. When using high-quality products in accordance with the instructions, pregnancy will not occur in 98% of cases. With errors in application, the contraceptive effect is reduced to 85%.
4. Other barrier methods - uterine caps, condoms for women - are often used in Western countries, but are not widely used in Russia. These are quite effective ways that allow a woman to control the possibility of conception herself, without relying on a man.
5. The intrauterine device is the best contraceptive for women who do not plan to become pregnant in the next 5 years. Copper coils provide 99.2% protection. The Mirena system, which contains the hormone levonorgestrel, which is allowed for HB, is considered the most effective contraceptive and provides 99.9% protection from pregnancy. Mandatory conditions for their use are the installation only by a gynecologist and the absence of inflammatory diseases in the pelvic organs.
6. Oral contraceptives have a contraceptive effect in 99.7% of cases. For nursing mothers, not all pills are allowed, but only mini-drank. They contain only the hormone desogestrel, which is safe for breastfeeding. Despite this, they are no less effective than full-fledged birth control pills.

If emergency contraception is needed after intercourse, nursing mothers can use drugs based on levonorgestrel - Postinor and Escapel. The sooner they are taken after unprotected sex, the better the protection will be. Breastfeeding after their use will have to be interrupted for a day. Levonogestrel inhibits fertilization, but is safe for pregnancy that has already begun, it is not an abortifacient.

Contraceptives for breastfeeding mothers (names)

Contraceptive pills for nursing mothers are allowed to be used 2 months after the birth of a child, that is, they can be protected immediately after the onset of sexual relations. Ordinary tablets are combined, that is, they contain progestogen and estrogen. It is impossible to use them in the first six months of the child, since estrogen suppresses lactation. For nursing mothers, tablets containing only progestogen are suitable.

The characteristics of the most common oral contraceptives allowed during breastfeeding are shown in the table:

The effect of birth control pills

Contraceptive pills, which contain only the gestagen in the smallest amount that provides contraception, are called minimal pills, or mini-pills. They were created for use in cases where estrogen is contraindicated - for women who smoke, with diseases of the cardiovascular system, for mothers who are breastfeeding.

When using these contraceptives there is no risk for the child on breastfeeding. To receive a dose of progestogen, which is contained in just one tablet, an infant must be fed breast milk for 3 years. Mini-pills also do not have a negative effect on the amount of milk and feeding time. Moreover, some studies have noted an increase in lactation with their use.

The action of birth control pills with progestogen is based on a change in the density of the mucus that is on the cervix. It becomes more viscous and the sperm cannot reach the egg. Also, drugs containing desogestrel suppress ovulation, in 99% of the release of the egg does not occur. For linestrenol-based mini-pills, this figure is less (about 50%), which explains their lower contraceptive effect.

With the advent of the baby into the world, the mother has a lot of trouble that can disrupt the emotional state. Keep on hand.

How to take birth control while breastfeeding

Contraceptives are started no earlier than 3 weeks after the birth of the baby. The best time to take the first pill is 6 weeks after giving birth, before resuming sexual activity. In this case, additional protection is not needed. If the reception is started later, it is necessary to make sure that there is no pregnancy and use other contraceptives in the first week.

You need to drink birth control pills during lactation 1 piece per day at the same time. At different times of admission, the contraceptive effect decreases, especially with Exluton. If you miss a dose, you need to use other methods of protection for 7 days and continue to drink mini-pill. A pass is considered to be a break of more than 36 hours (27 for Exluton).

With diarrhea and vomiting due to indigestion, the absorption of the contraceptive may not be complete. In this case, additional protection is needed, as when skipping a pill.

Some antiepileptic, sedative, antifungal agents, some antibiotics, St. John's wort, activated charcoal reduce the effectiveness of the mini-pill. When prescribing these drugs, you should check with your doctor about the possibility of taking them together.

Side effects with HB

The main side effect when taking progestogen-based tablets is a change in the nature of menstrual flow. The endometrium in 40% of women passes into an inactive phase, its thickness decreases. In this regard, the allocation becomes scarce, irregular, may disappear completely, especially after six months of admission. These phenomena are considered the norm and disappear in the first cycle after the abolition of contraceptives.

When taking pills, the follicles in the egg continue to mature, they may be larger than usual in size, in the future they resolve on their own. When conducting an ultrasound, it is necessary to warn the specialist about taking contraceptives in order to exclude incorrect diagnosis.

In the first months of taking mini-pills, they can cause headaches, mood changes, and nausea. With further use of drugs, they disappear or significantly decrease.