Levels of formation of a healthy lifestyle. Healthy lifestyle of a student

Formation problem healthy lifestyle life and strengthening the health of students is becoming a priority in the development of the educational system of the modern school.

The process of forming a healthy lifestyle of the younger generation, until recently, was identified with physical education. Life, however, has shown that in the age of stress and neuroses, aggressiveness and indifference, social diseases and environmentally unfavorable conditions of existence, physical education cannot cope with the tasks set for the formation of a culture of health among students. There was an urgent need to highlight an independent area of ​​education, called "the formation of a culture of student health."

Only from the very early age it is possible to instill in children knowledge, skills and habits in the field of health care, which will later turn into an essential component of the general culture of a person and will have an impact on the formation of a healthy lifestyle of the whole society.

Health education is a purposeful, systematic and organized process. It is this organization of education that contributes to the formation of ideas about health saving and teaches children to distinguish a healthy lifestyle from an unhealthy one, and will help to protect their own health and the health of others in the future.

The formation of a healthy lifestyle includes three main goals:

• global - ensuring the physical and mental health of the younger generation;
• didactic - equipping schoolchildren with the necessary knowledge in the field of health care, instilling skills, abilities and habits that allow preventing child injuries, contributing to the preservation of health, working capacity and longevity;
• methodical - equipping students with knowledge physiological foundations human life processes, personal hygiene rules, prevention of somatic diseases, mental disorders, sexually transmitted infections, as well as knowledge about the harmful effects of psychotropic substances on the body.

Responsibility for achieving these healthy lifestyle goals rests primarily with the school.

School is not only an educational institution, it is a special world of childhood in which a child spends a significant part of his life. Hence the need to look at the educational environment of the modern school from the point of view of the ecology of childhood. And here the role of such subjects as natural science, biology, genetics, human anatomy and physiology, valeology, the basics of life safety is great. But often the knowledge received by schoolchildren in the lessons in these subjects is a theory far from life.

Currently, various health programs are being widely introduced into the practice of schools, which contribute to the formation of valeological literacy, a healthy lifestyle of students. As a rule, separate recreational activities are not difficult to organize in schools, which, in the end, do not always give a positive effect. To do this, it is necessary that the work on health-creativity be of a systematic nature.

In order to expand schoolchildren's ideas about the world around them, to form their healthy lifestyle skills, teachers of the Department of Biology, Medical Training and Life Safety of the Armavir State Pedagogical University organized the work of the "School of Health" club on the basis of the State Special (Correctional) Educational Institution for students (pupils) with deviations in the development of a boarding school of III-IV type in the city of Armavir, Krasnodar Territory.

We became participants in the implementation of the Comprehensive Program of Creative Activities for the Socialization and Social Adaptation of Children with handicapped having the social status of orphans and children left without parental care "We are your family" with the support of the Foundation for Helping Destitute Children and Children Deprived of Parental Cares - Children's Charitable Foundation "Victoria" (Moscow).

Targets and goals educational program on valeology, developed within the framework of the project “We are your family”:

• contribute to the preservation of the health of boarding school students;
• develop beliefs about the negative effects on the body of such harmful substances as tobacco smoke, alcohol, drugs and toxins;
• to form the safe behavior of children with disabilities.

Our program is aimed at developing health skills through the acquired knowledge about the characteristics of your body, about the patterns of its functioning and the rules of a healthy lifestyle. Children practically apply these rules through playing various situations outside of school hours. We discuss with the children questions about what “health” is and what “disease” is, we conclude that a person’s health depends on his lifestyle.

A practical contribution to the implementation of the program “We are your family” was the Collection of methodological materials “Thematic Health Lessons” in 2 parts. The author of this article, the compiler of the Collection, addresses it to teachers, educators, social workers and all those who care about the health of our children.

The pages of the Collection tell us that health is not a gift received once and for life, but the result of the conscious behavior of each of us. The book is designed to convince that our body deserves special attention, that self-knowledge is one of the main tasks of homo sapiens (reasonable man).

Under the guidance of the teachers of the department, senior students of the socio-pedagogical faculty, the faculty of technology and entrepreneurship, the faculty of philology conduct “Health lessons” in the form of game lessons, fairy tale lessons, theatrical lessons, etc. Such forms of work allow introducing elements of entertainment more widely.

During the game, conditions are created for the comprehensive development of the personality of children with disabilities. Games make you think more actively, contribute to broadening your horizons, form an idea of ​​the world around you. During the game, the physical development of children improves and mental processes improve.

Volunteer students talk with children about how to properly treat themselves and others, how to communicate and interact with other people.

Children learn to understand under what conditions the environment (school, street, dwelling) is safe for life and health. Schoolchildren consider their external data, their development as a natural process that depends on reasonable behavior.

In working with children, we proceed from the fact that childhood is a special unique period in a person's life, it is not a preparation for life, but life itself with a certain range of needs and opportunities inherent only to it. Therefore, in working with children with disabilities, we are guided by the principle of humanism and pedagogical optimism, which implies faith in the child, in his potential to realize himself as a person.

Real theatrical performance with soft toys organized by students of the socio-pedagogical faculty - future social teachers. And the future primary school teachers held the “Lesson of Aibolit” about the culture of food. Poems and riddles about healthy berries, vegetables and fruits aroused a keen interest among children. They actively guessed them, for which they received oranges, tangerines and bananas as a reward.

Students of the Faculty of Philology held a health lesson in an unusual form: “The Trial of AIDS”, which was written by the city newspaper “Armavir Interlocutor”. Standing in front of the students not an easy task: the power of voice, a special intonation to convey the tragedy of broken destinies, ruined hopes. "Victims of AIDS" urged the guys not to risk their dreams, the wonderful world that awaits them ahead, for the sake of momentary pleasure.

We prepare students for conducting health lessons before entering teaching practice in schools in the city and the region. At the Department of Biology, Medical Training and Life Safety of the ASPU, special courses are read for them: “Hygienic Foundations of Education of Students”, “Protection of Reproductive Health”, “Fundamentals of a Healthy Lifestyle”, “Prevention of the Use of Psychoactive Substances”, etc. For several years, the “School Health”, within the framework of which student volunteers undergo appropriate training in various areas: environmental, patriotic, anti-drug and valeological education of schoolchildren.

We start the valeological education of future teachers from the most important thing - from the formation of skills and abilities to preserve and strengthen the health of our students. And no innovations, no initiative and creativity should go ahead of caring for the health of children.

In order to study the ideas about a healthy lifestyle, we started a study in which full-time and part-time students take part. A questionnaire has been compiled in which the subjects must rank 15 given characteristics of a healthy lifestyle. When ranking students, first of all, they note the absence of bad habits, sports, and rational nutrition. Moreover, in most answers, such equally important components of a healthy lifestyle as self-improvement, a friendly attitude towards other people, a meaningful life are in last place. Part-time students prefer characteristics such as harmonious relationship in the family, “do not conduct disorderly sexual life” and others. It should be noted that the very procedure for ranking the proposed components of a healthy lifestyle expanded the subjects' understanding of it. This type of research is also a factor in the formation of more complete ideas about a healthy lifestyle.

The majority of study participants (97%) indicate the need for a healthy lifestyle. They name the following as the main arguments: “to be healthy”, “to be strong”, “to be beautiful”. Apparently, this is due to the age of the subjects (mainly first-year students took part in the study), their desire to please the opposite sex. In the answers of part-time students, there are comparatively more such arguments as “to be successful in business”, “to be always in shape”, “to have healthy children”. Here are some excerpts from students' reflections: “It is necessary to lead a healthy lifestyle, as it is a short guide on the road to personal happiness and well-being”, “A healthy lifestyle is a ticket to the future, a future without disabled children”, “If we do not lead a healthy lifestyle, then future generations will face even greater problems”, “Lifestyle sets the rhythm of life itself”, “Thanks to a healthy lifestyle, I easily adapted to student life away from home.” This is how far interpretations about health, a healthy lifestyle can stretch, if young people are given the opportunity to think.

So, the need to adhere to the principles of a healthy lifestyle is recognized by almost all participants in the study. But behind this understanding there are not always real actions to fulfill them, which is most likely due to the reluctance to change the developed habits, stereotypes of behavior. Unfortunately, only in extreme situations (a serious illness, a life crisis) a person is forced to change his lifestyle, begins to take a responsible attitude to his health and the health of people close to him.

The started study of ideas about a healthy lifestyle shows the relevance of this area of ​​work in the professional training of future teachers. After all, the implementation of the tasks facing the school in the field of shaping the health of the younger generation requires trained personnel.

Unfortunately, the issues of hygienic education of young students are not singled out as a special discipline, and the formation of a healthy lifestyle is considered only in some disciplines of the Department of Biology, Medical Training and Life Safety, and mainly in the first years. Although, as you know, the process of valeological education should be continuous.

In practical classes in disciplines that study the human body, students master techniques that form the social need to be healthy. The knowledge gained in the classroom is consolidated by future teachers during teaching practice at school, on playgrounds, as well as in health-improving summer pioneer camps.

We constantly include issues of valeological education in the subjects of students' research work. Under our leadership, future teachers participate in preventive days in the city's schools, speak among students on health promotion issues. It has already become a tradition to hold a city environmental conference the day before world day health (April 7).

Lately we have been talking a lot about the revival of Russia. To make a contribution to the preservation of its gene pool is the noblest task of those who work in public education. And this must be done today, tomorrow will be too late.

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The problem of educating a healthy generation is now becoming increasingly important. Many factors influence the deterioration of health, including the wrong attitude of the population towards their health and the health of their children. The deterioration in the health of school-age children in Russia has become not only a medical, but also a serious pedagogical problem. One of the reasons for this is the way of life of families where children are brought up today. Students and their parents have not formed a value attitude towards their health, which is explained by insufficient promotion of pedagogical and medical knowledge about a healthy lifestyle. An analysis of the psychological and pedagogical literature allows us to assume that one of the possible solutions to the problem of poor health junior schoolchildren is the formation of their knowledge about a healthy lifestyle. Need to organize school activities so that students improve their health and leave school healthy.

1. Theoretical foundations for the formation of a culture of a healthy lifestyle of younger students.

1. The essence of the concepts of "health", "healthy lifestyle".

According to the World Health Organization, "Health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity."

Currently, it is customary to distinguish several components (types) of health:

Somatic health is the current state of the organs and systems of the human body, which is based on the biological program individual development mediated by the basic needs that dominate at various stages of ontogenetic development. These needs, firstly, are the trigger mechanism for human development, and secondly, they ensure the individualization of this process.

physical health- the level of growth and development of organs and systems of the body, - which is based on morphophysiological and functional reserves that provide adaptive reactions.

mental health- condition mental sphere, - the basis of which is the state of the general peace of mind providing an appropriate behavioral response. This state is due to both biological and social needs, as well as the ability to satisfy them.

Moral health is a set of characteristics of the motivational and need-informative sphere of life, the basis of which is determined by the system of values, attitudes and motives of the individual's behavior in society. Moral health mediates the spirituality of a person, since it is connected with the universal truths of goodness, love and beauty.

Health signs are:

specific (immune) and non-specific resistance to the action of damaging factors;

indicators of growth and development;

functional state and reserve capabilities of the body;

the presence and level of any disease or developmental defect;

the level of moral-volitional and value-motivational attitudes.

According to the conclusion of WHO experts, if we take the level of health as 100%, then the state of health depends only 10% on the activities of the healthcare system, 20% on hereditary factors, and 20% on the state of the environment. And the remaining 50% depend on the person himself, on the lifestyle that he leads. Thus, it is obvious that the primary role in the preservation and formation of health still belongs to the person himself, his way of life, his values, attitudes, the degree of harmonization of his inner peace and relationships with the environment.

The most complete relationship between lifestyle and health is expressed in the concept of a healthy lifestyle. A healthy lifestyle combines everything that contributes to the performance of professional, social and domestic functions by a person in optimal conditions for health and expresses the orientation of an individual's activity towards the formation, preservation and strengthening of both individual and public health.

Thus, a healthy lifestyle should be understood as typical shapes and ways of daily life of a person, which strengthen and improve the reserve capabilities of the body, thereby ensuring the successful performance of their social and professional functions, regardless of political, economic and socio-psychological situations. And it expresses the orientation of the activity of the individual in the direction of the formation, preservation and strengthening of both individual and public health. From this it is clear how important it is, starting from an early age, to educate children active attitude to one's own health, understanding that health is the greatest value bestowed on man by nature.

1.2. Components of a healthy lifestyle (HLS) of a junior schoolchild.

Primary school age is one of the most important periods of a person's life in the formation of personality. It is known that 40% of mental and physiological diseases adults are laid in childhood. That is why school education should form the level of health of the child and the foundation of the physical culture of the future adult.

The formation of a healthy lifestyle is based on such components as scientific knowledge, medical and preventive measures, a rational regimen of the day, work and rest, physical activity, correct organized meals and no bad habits.

For younger students, compliance with the daily routine has special meaning. On the one hand, their nervous system is still far from mature and the limit of exhaustion nerve cells quite low, and on the other hand, new living conditions, the need to adapt to physical and mental stresses that are difficult for the child’s body associated with systematic training, breaking old stereotypes of behavior and activity and creating new ones place increased demands on all physiological systems. The orderliness of the alternation of work and rest contributes to the optimization of body functions, better adaptation to school conditions with minimal physiological costs, and violations of the daily regimen lead to serious deviations in the child's health, and above all to neurosis.

The main components of the regimen are the following: sleep, being outdoors (walking, outdoor games, physical education and sports), learning activities at school and at home, rest of one's own choice (free time), eating, personal hygiene.

With age, the ratio of individual components of the regime changes over time, training sessions become longer, and walks become shorter. New types of activities may appear, for example, the work of schoolchildren outside school hours is now quite common.

However, the main thing in the daily routine should be a reasonable alternation of mental and physical stress and work and rest, while any activity, both intellectual and physical, in nature and duration should be feasible for the child, not exceed the limits of his working capacity, and rest should provide full functional restoration of the body

Primary school age is a period when a child has a particularly pronounced need for motor activity. It can be said that the main tasks of this age period are to master all available movements, test and improve their motor abilities and thereby acquire wider power, both over own body, and over external physical space.

Motor skills and abilities are of great educational value, since they are based on creative thinking. Also, in early school age, the development motor qualities especially closely related to perception. Children become more attentive, observant and disciplined, their will is strengthened, character is developed.

An important role in the formation of a healthy lifestyle is played by the rationality of the diet of a younger student. Rational nutrition is based on 5 principles: regularity, variety, adequacy, safety and pleasure.

One of the components of the formation of a healthy lifestyle among younger students is the rejection of unhealthy habits, among which we can name smoking, alcohol, drug addiction and substance abuse, as well as excessive computer addiction. The computer is our present and future, it makes it possible to travel to another world. At the same time, very often children, in their passion for computers, begin to reject real world where they are threatened with negative assessments and there is a need to change something in themselves. In this regard, a number of questions arise related to the impact of the computer on children, the organization of educational and gaming activity in the process of mastering the computer.

In communicating with a computer, there are not only pluses, but also minuses that can lead to negative consequences. They are connected with the wrong organization of the child's activities in the family.

At the age of 6-8 years, children are very curious and tend to imitate adults, at 9-10 years old they consider themselves adults and strive to gain authority among their comrades. These are the main motives why younger students start smoking. And although they know that smoking is harmful to health, this knowledge is not realized by them. Therefore, adults need to tell the child that nicotine affects the child's body 10-15 times more than the adult's body. To lethal outcome can bring 2-3 cigarettes smoked in a row. People who started smoking at the age of 15 die from lung cancer 5 times more often than those who started smoking after the age of 25. Harmful habit and alcohol consumption. In just 8 seconds, it reaches the brain cells, causing its poisoning - intoxication. Therefore, a drunk person loses control over his behavior, says and does things that he would not dare to do in a sober state. According to some studies, by the age of 9-10, half of the boys and a third of the girls already know the taste of alcoholic beverages. Moreover, only 3.5% of them tried it on their own. A child can become addicted to drugs at an early age. There are known cases of substance abuse (inhalation of glue, varnish) among children 7-8 years old. Younger students, as a rule, do not try drugs, but they are interested in their effect, methods of use, and they do not take information about the consequences of use seriously. At primary school age, the first emotional attitude to drugs is laid, and if the first information received from one of the children (in the yard, at school) is positive, then the child may have a desire to try them. Therefore, it is important as early as possible, even in the preschool period, to form an unambiguously negative attitude towards drugs in children. Substance abuse is one of the most dangerous types of drug addiction. Already during the first weeks, mental abilities decrease, concentration of attention weakens. The sphere of emotions is completely degraded. Under the influence of toxins, the brain and nervous tissue decays and the central nervous system is damaged.

It should be noted another component that we consider especially important in the formation of a healthy lifestyle for younger students - this is the example of teachers and parents. By virtue of their age features The younger student has great confidence in adults. For a child, the words of the teacher, his actions, assessments are of great importance. It is the teacher who, not only with words, but with all his behavior, with his personality, forms the child’s stable ideas about the reality around him. An example is of great importance in the education of a younger student. An example is a personified value. It is necessary to strive to ensure that the entire way of life of a younger student is filled with many examples of healthy lifestyles. The standards of behavior received in the family seem to us the most correct and important. A strict system of values ​​can help children to refuse bad habits. There are no set parenting standards, but your child will observe how family values ​​affect your lifestyle and will adopt your standards of behavior.

The desire to be healthy, beautiful, successful at work is also a family value. How good it is when everyone in the family is cheerful and energetic, full of vitality, spend their free time with interest, do their homework together, are fond of sports! The family should be convinced that one's behavior should always be controlled. Parents set an example in this first of all, talking with their children. Whatever misconduct children may have committed, we must adhere to the rules of effective communication in dealing with them. If we know how to control ourselves, our children in any situation will also be able to give an account of their actions.

Meanwhile, if the parents do not have a well-developed culture of healthy lifestyle (violation of the daily regimen, lack of gymnastics and hardening, insufficient physical activity, excess of hygiene standards for watching TV programs, low level of food culture, alcohol consumption and smoking), then the influence of the family in the formation of a healthy lifestyle of a younger student is reduced to a minimum.

Thus, the leading factors that form a healthy lifestyle and promote the health of schoolchildren are a rationally organized daily routine, balanced diet, optimal motor regimen, outdoor physical education classes, tempering procedures appropriate for the age of the child, regular quality medical service, favorable hygienic and sanitary conditions, as well as an example of the family and teachers.

When using all these factors, the most favorable prerequisites are created for the formation of a healthy lifestyle, the preservation and strengthening of the health of younger students.

One of the important factors in the development of a healthy lifestyle of younger schoolchildren is their ideas and concepts that expand children's knowledge about a person, his health, and a healthy lifestyle.

1.3 Forms and methods of formation of knowledge about a healthy lifestyle among younger students.

So, human health depends on many factors: hereditary, socio-economic, environmental, health system performance. But a special place among them is occupied by a person's lifestyle.

A healthy lifestyle is created both in the family and at school. Under the general control should be the study load, daily routine, nutrition, physical activity, tempering procedures, nervous loads, psychological climate at home, at school and in the classroom, relationships between parents and children, students and teachers, types and forms of leisure, entertainment and interests.

Improperly organized work of schoolchildren can be harmful to health. That's why great importance has a rational lifestyle.

A person who knows how to properly organize the regime of his work and rest from school time will retain cheerfulness and creative activity for a long time in the future.

One of the possible solutions to the problem of the deterioration of the health of younger schoolchildren is the formation of their knowledge about a healthy lifestyle. Healthy lifestyle knowledge is formed in the course of lessons and extracurricular activities. In the course of developing the concept of a healthy lifestyle, it is better to give preference to simple methods and techniques: “health lessons”, practical exercises, conversations, reading, drawing, observing nature, games, project activities children. One of the important methods of forming knowledge about a healthy lifestyle, we consider practical exercises. Consider the most effective method of activity - the game. The game is the most effective type of activity that allows you to keep the productive working capacity of the child longer. In games, children enter into various relationships: cooperation, subordination, mutual control, etc. Using the game, a huge potential is revealed, subordinating the rules of the game to its educational and educational tasks. Mobile game creates favorable conditions for mastering spatial orientation, improves perception and ideas. Constantly comparing and clarifying the impressions received from actions in the environment, the child is accustomed to observation, is aware of the relationship between objects in his environment. In games, the knowledge acquired in the exercises about the direction of movements, locations and the relative position of objects is improved. In exercises and outdoor games with elements of competition, a creative attitude of children to motor activity is brought up; qualities such as personality, purposefulness, aspiration, responsibility, critical thinking, perseverance in overcoming difficulties, observation, activity are formed; development of fantasies, initiative and enthusiasm, the ability to implement creative ideas in practice. The younger student learns to look at the ordinary, the familiar in a new way. All this is necessary for them in his future activities.

Thus, in the work aimed at the formation of knowledge about a healthy lifestyle in younger students, any methods of working with children, an entertaining conversation, storytelling, reading and discussing children's books on the topic of the lesson, staging situations, viewing transparencies, filmstrips, films, etc., are important for mastering knowledge about a healthy lifestyle. Forms of organization educational process can also be varied: classes in the classroom and in nature, excursions, lessons - travel, lessons - KVN, holidays, games, quizzes, etc. The effectiveness of the formation of knowledge about healthy lifestyles will largely depend on the variety of methods that the teacher uses in his work , as well as taking into account the age characteristics of younger students when choosing these methods and the personal example of the teacher and parents.

2. Generalization of experience on this problem

For the formation of a healthy lifestyle of a school-age child, the main thing is the complexity of the impact.

That is, each teacher should create a comprehensive system of social and pedagogical work on the formation of healthy lifestyle skills, consisting of the following blocks:

Socio-psychological,

Basic education,

Extracurricular work and leisure.

Work on the formation of healthy lifestyle habits in children should be systematic, unfortunately, it should be noted that sometimes it is episodic. The need for constant work on the formation of a healthy lifestyle is due to the increasingly deteriorating both individual and public health of children.

The most important thing is to create a team that implements a preventive program. At the same time, the personality of the organizer and leader plays an important role. In preventive education and upbringing, it must be taken into account that they tend to obey those they love and respect. The activity and erudition of the teacher, as well as his ability to arouse the trust, respect and interest of students contribute to the effectiveness of this work.

The formation of healthy lifestyle skills should also take place in the classroom, being the consolidation of classes in class hours.

In the lessons, this work should be integrated through various subjects (music, physical education, fine arts, etc.) during school year using different forms lesson ( role-playing games, discussions, cooperative learning), which significantly increases the effect of work on the formation of value attitudes towards health, because information is transmitted both by the teacher and the students themselves, and for the class it becomes more meaningful. At physical education lessons in elementary grades, it is advisable to rely on interdisciplinary connections: with natural history (in such matters as hardening, requirements for student clothing, muscle work, daily routine, etc.); mathematics (measuring the length and height of the jump, throwing distance, speed and duration of the run, etc.); musical and rhythmic education (lesson to music); fine arts (beauty of movements, postures), etc.

To work at school, special programs of preventive education “Useful Habits”, “Useful Skills” can be introduced, which are aimed at mastering by students objective, age-appropriate knowledge, the formation of healthy attitudes, responsible behavior skills, social and personal competence.

An integral part of the system of forming a value attitude to a healthy lifestyle is extra-curricular work and additional education, because. this prevention should be part of the entire education system.

Every year, a week can be held at the school - the action “We are for a healthy lifestyle”, during which a set of activities is implemented using different forms appropriate for the age of children:

Single class hour

library exhibition,

poster contest,

Sport competitions,

- "round tables",

- "five-minute health" (high school students - junior), etc. with the help of various experts.

Children, as practice shows, actively participate in all activities, which undoubtedly increases the effectiveness of the formation of healthy lifestyle skills.

A positive role is played by physical culture and health-improving work, implemented through lessons and extracurricular activities(sports sections, competitions), as well as through additional education in the youth sports school.

School and parents should be partners. Schools should work with parents to form a value attitude towards health in the family, where information is provided on issues that affect their own health and the health of children. The purpose of providing this information is to help understand the impact of certain behaviors on their children. The forms of this work can be different: individual consultations, thematic parent-teacher meetings, lessons for parents (within the programs “Good habits, skills, choice”), trainings, conferences..

An independent direction is preventive work with the teaching staff, which is informative and educational in nature, in order to increase competence in the formation of attitudes and skills of a healthy lifestyle, as well as a value attitude to one's health, because educators are real significant other persons for students and take on part of the preventive responsibilities. These are seminars, teachers' councils, meetings scientific departments and scientific and methodological council of the gymnasium, individual consultations.

AT modern school the real way to preserve the health of the student is to establish a balance between the educational environment of the school in which the child is brought up and educated, and physiological processes the child's body, characteristic of a particular age group, while providing singularities physiological development student with organization pedagogical process at school, especially in the classroom.

Ensuring this balance is possible only on the basis of the unity of efforts of all school teachers, especially physical education teachers, medical service, psychological service, parents, valeological monitoring service, necessary for the implementation of conditions for the preservation and development of the child's health.

Conclusion.

A healthy lifestyle combines everything that contributes to the successful completion of educational, playful, labor activity, public and domestic functions performed under optimal conditions, contributing to the preservation, strengthening of health and increasing efficiency. The main content of the process of forming a healthy lifestyle of younger students should be complex recreational activities (optimally organized daily routine, systematic exercise, rational nutrition, medical and preventive measures) aimed at maintaining, strengthening health and improving the efficiency of younger students, as well as activities aimed at preventing bad habits. The greatest effectiveness can be expected only when we teach children from an early age to appreciate, protect and strengthen their health. If we demonstrate a healthy lifestyle by personal example, then only in this case we can hope that future generations will be healthier and developed not only personally, intellectually, spiritually, but also physically.

Thus, the main tasks of a teacher working on the formation of a health-saving environment are to prepare a child for an independent life, to raise him morally and physically healthy, to teach him to competently, responsibly and effectively maintain health.

In conclusion, following the great humanist and teacher J.-J. Rousseau, I would like to say: “To make a child smart and reasonable, make him strong and healthy.”

Protecting one's own health is the direct responsibility of everyone, he has no right to shift it to others. After all, it often happens that a person with a wrong lifestyle, bad habits, physical inactivity, overeating brings himself to a catastrophic state by the age of 20-30 and only then remembers medicine. Health is the first and most important human need, which determines his ability to work and ensures the harmonious development of the individual. It is the most important prerequisite for the knowledge of the surrounding world, for self-affirmation and human happiness. Active long life is an important component human factor. A healthy lifestyle (HLS) is a lifestyle based on the principles of morality, rationally organized, active, labor, hardening and, at the same time, protecting from adverse environmental influences, allowing you to old age maintain moral, mental and physical health. In general, we can talk about three types of health: physical, mental and moral (social) health: Physical health is the natural state of the body, due to normal functioning all its organs and systems. If all organs and systems work well, then the whole human body (self-regulating system) functions and develops correctly.

Mental health depends on the state of the brain, it is characterized by the level and quality of thinking, the development of attention and memory, the degree of emotional stability, the development of volitional qualities.

Moral health is determined by those moral principles that are the basis of human social life, i.e. life in a particular human society. hallmarks The moral health of a person is, first of all, a conscious attitude to work, mastery of the treasures of culture, an active rejection of mores and habits that are contrary to a normal way of life. A physically and mentally healthy person can be a moral monster if he neglects the norms of morality. That's why social health considered the highest measure of human health. Morally healthy people have a number of universal human qualities that make them real citizens.

Health is the most valuable thing we have. It cannot be bought with any money. Health needs to be tempered and maintained.

The formation of a healthy lifestyle depends only on ourselves, our preferences, beliefs and worldviews.

In our time, the scientific, technological and industrial revolution, almost everything is done by machines for a person, depriving him of physical activity. The main share of physical activity falls on sports and physical culture. For which, as always, we do not have the opportunity, time, strength, desire, etc. Hence the poor health, and lethargy, and illness, and obesity, and other ailments. Also, the state of human health is affected by the ecological situation in the place of his residence, the quality of nutrition and the availability of favorable conditions. natural conditions. In the area with environmental issues maintaining health is paramount.

HLS and its components

Before touching on this topic, I would like to reveal what a person is. Personality is a social category, it is a characteristic of a person as a social individual, subject and object of social relations. “From beginning to end, a person is a phenomenon of social nature, social origin ...” The concept of “personality” indicates the connection between a person and society. Thus, from the words I wrote above, it follows that you need to turn Special attention on maintaining a healthy lifestyle (HLS) of the individual. After all, if every individual leads a healthy lifestyle, then our entire society will be healthy, and this is very significant.

The formation of a healthy lifestyle is the main lever primary prevention in strengthening the health of the population through a change in style and way of life, its improvement using hygiene knowledge in the fight against bad habits, physical inactivity and overcoming the adverse aspects associated with life situations.

Motivation

Everyone who wants to understand the actions of another person or his own behavior begins with the search for the causes of the corresponding actions - the motives of behavior. These searches would not present any difficulty if human behavior was always determined by only one motive. Motivation in the formation of a healthy lifestyle by means of FC and S, as in any other activity, occupies a special place. And the motives that encourage a person to engage in FC and C have their own structure:

1. Immediate motives:

the need for a sense of satisfaction from the manifestation of muscle activity;

the need for aesthetic enjoyment of one's own beauty, strength, endurance, speed, flexibility, dexterity;

the desire to prove oneself in difficult, even extreme situations;

the need for self-expression, self-affirmation.

2. Indirect motives:

the desire to become strong, healthy;

striving to prepare oneself for practical life;

a sense of duty (“began to do physical exercises, because it was necessary to attend FC lessons as mandatory in the school curriculum”).

Body reserves

Let's say that a person in a calm state passes through the lungs 5-9 liters of air per minute. Some highly trained athletes can randomly pass 150 liters of air through their lungs every minute for 10-11 minutes, i.e. exceeding the norm by 30 times. This is the reserve of the body.

The system of functional reserves of the body can be divided into subsystems:

1. Biochemical reserves (reactions of exchange).

2. Physiological reserves(at the level of cells, organs, organ systems).

3. Mental reserves.

Basic elements of a healthy lifestyle

A healthy lifestyle includes the following main elements:

schedule

rational mode of work and rest, rational nutrition

sleeping mode

eradication of bad habits,

optimal driving mode,

fruitful work,

personal hygiene,

hardening, etc.

An integral part of a healthy lifestyle are high moral, moral and ethical values ​​of a person. Much attention should be paid to the formation of the consciousness of the individual as a social unit. Let us briefly consider each of them:

Schedule

Special place in mode healthy life belongs to the daily routine, a certain rhythm of life and human activity. The regime of each person must provide certain time for work, rest, eating, sleeping.

The daily routine of different people can and should be different depending on the nature of work, living conditions, habits and inclinations, however, even here there must be a certain daily rhythm and daily routine. It is necessary to provide sufficient time for sleep, rest. Breaks between meals should not exceed 5-6 hours. It is very important that a person sleeps and eats always at the same time.

Rational mode of work and rest

rational mode work and rest - a necessary element of a healthy lifestyle. With the correct and strictly observed regimen, a clear and necessary rhythm of the functioning of the body is developed, which creates optimal conditions for work and leisure, and thereby contributes to health promotion, improved performance and increased productivity.

Labor is the true core and basis of a person's healthy life regime. There is a misconception about harmful effect labor that allegedly causes "wear and tear" of the body, excessive expenditure of forces and resources, premature aging. Labor, both physical and mental, is not only not harmful, but on the contrary, a systematic, feasible, and well-organized labor process has an extremely beneficial effect on the nervous system, heart and blood vessels, the musculoskeletal system - on the entire human body. Constant training in the process of labor strengthens our body. The one who works hard and works well throughout his life lives long. On the contrary, idleness leads to muscle weakness, metabolic disorders, obesity and premature decrepitude.

A necessary condition for maintaining health in the process of work is the alternation of work and rest. Rest after work does not mean a state of complete rest. Only with very great fatigue can we talk about passive rest. It is desirable that the nature of the rest be opposite to the nature of the work of a person (the "contrasting" principle of rest construction). Physical workers need rest that is not associated with additional physical activity, and knowledge workers need some physical work during their leisure hours. This alternation of physical and mental stress good for your health. A person who spends a lot of time indoors should spend at least part of their time outdoors. It is desirable for city residents to relax outdoors on walks around the city and outside the city, in parks, stadiums, on tours, on excursions, at work on garden plots etc.

Balanced diet

The next component of a healthy lifestyle is a balanced diet. When about him in question, you should remember about two basic laws, the violation of which is dangerous to health.

The first law is the balance of received and consumed energy. If the body receives more energy than it consumes, that is, if we receive more food than is necessary for the normal development of a person, for work and well-being, we become fat. Now more than a third of our country, including children, is overweight. And there is only one reason - excess nutrition, which ultimately leads to atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease, hypertension, diabetes and a variety of other ailments.

The second law: food should be varied and provide the needs for proteins, fats, carbohydrates, vitamins, minerals, dietary fiber. Many of these substances are irreplaceable, since they are not formed in the body, but come only with food. The absence of at least one of them, for example, vitamin C, leads to diseases, and even death. We get B vitamins mainly from wholemeal bread, and the source of vitamin A and other fat-soluble vitamins are dairy products, fish fat, liver.

Rational nutrition provides correct height and the formation of the body, contributes to the preservation of health, high performance and prolongation of life.

Sleeping mode

To save normal activities the nervous system and the whole organism, a good sleep is of great importance. The great Russian physiologist IP Pavlov pointed out that sleep is a kind of inhibition that protects the nervous system from excessive stress and fatigue. Sleep should be sufficiently long and deep. If a person sleeps little, then he gets up in the morning irritated, broken, and sometimes with a headache. It is impossible for all people without exception to determine the time needed for sleep. The need for sleep varies from person to person. On average, this rate is about 8 hours. Unfortunately, some people view sleep as a reserve from which you can borrow time to complete certain tasks. Regular sleep deprivation leads to nervous activity, decreased performance, increased fatigue, irritability.

Eradication of bad habits

The next link in a healthy lifestyle is the eradication of bad habits (smoking, alcohol, drugs). These violators of health are the cause of many diseases, drastically reduce life expectancy, reduce efficiency, adversely affect the health of the younger generation and the health of future children.

Many people begin their recovery by quitting smoking, which is considered one of the most dangerous habits modern man. No wonder doctors believe that smoking is directly related to the most serious illness heart, blood vessels, lungs. Smoking not only undermines health, but also takes strength in the most direct sense. As Soviet experts have established, after 5-9 minutes after smoking a single cigarette, muscle strength decreases by 15%; athletes know this from experience and therefore, as a rule, do not smoke. Doesn't encourage smoking mental activity. On the contrary, the experiment showed that only because of smoking, the accuracy of the test, the perception of the educational material decreases. The smoker does not inhale all the harmful substances in tobacco smoke - about half goes to those who are next to them. It is no coincidence that children in families of smokers suffer from respiratory diseases much more often than in families where no one smokes. Smoking is a common cause of tumors in the mouth, larynx, bronchi and lungs. Constant and prolonged smoking leads to premature aging. Violation of tissue oxygen supply, spasm of small vessels make the appearance of a smoker characteristic (yellowish tint of the whites of the eyes, skin, premature fading), and changes in the mucous membranes of the respiratory tract affect his voice (loss of sonority, reduced timbre, hoarseness).

The effect of nicotine is especially dangerous during certain periods of life - youth, old age, when even a weak stimulating effect disrupts nervous regulation. Nicotine is especially harmful to pregnant women, as it leads to the birth of weak, low-weight children, and to lactating women, as it increases the incidence and mortality of children in the first years of life.

The next difficult task is to overcome drunkenness and alcoholism. It has been established that alcoholism has a destructive effect on all human systems and organs. As a result of the systematic consumption of alcohol, a symptom complex of a painful addiction to it develops - a loss of a sense of proportion and control over the amount of alcohol consumed; violation of the activity of the central and peripheral nervous system (psychosis, neuritis, etc.) and functions internal organs.

Changes in the psyche that occur even with episodic alcohol intake (excitement, loss of restraining influences, depression, etc.) determine the frequency of suicides committed while intoxicated.

Alcoholism has a particularly harmful effect on the liver: with prolonged systematic alcohol abuse, alcoholic cirrhosis of the liver develops. Alcoholism is one of the common causes of pancreatic disease (pancreatitis, diabetes mellitus). Along with changes affecting the health of the drinker, alcohol abuse is always accompanied by social consequences that harm both those around the patient with alcoholism and society as a whole. Alcoholism, like no other disease, causes whole complex negative social consequences that go far beyond health and concern, to one degree or another, all aspects of life modern society. The consequences of alcoholism include the deterioration of the health indicators of people who abuse alcohol and the associated deterioration in the general health indicators of the population. Alcoholism and related diseases are second only to cardiovascular disease and cancer as a cause of death.

Optimal driving mode

Optimal motor mode is the most important condition for a healthy lifestyle. It is based on systematic physical exercises and sports, which effectively solve the problems of improving the health and developing the physical abilities of young people, maintaining health and motor skills, and strengthening the prevention of adverse age-related changes. At the same time, physical culture and sports act as essential tool education.

It is useful to walk up the stairs without using the elevator. According to American doctors each step gives a person 4 seconds of life. 70 steps burn 28 calories.

The main qualities that characterize the physical development of a person are strength, speed, agility, flexibility and endurance. The improvement of each of these qualities also contributes to the strengthening of health, but not to the same extent. You can become very fast by training in sprinting. Finally, it is very good to become agile and flexible by applying gymnastic and acrobatic exercises. However, with all this, it is not possible to form sufficient resistance to pathogenic effects.

For effective healing and disease prevention, it is necessary to train and improve, first of all, the most valuable quality - endurance, combined with hardening and other components of a healthy lifestyle, which will provide a growing body with a reliable shield against many diseases.

For knowledge workers, systematic physical education and sports are of exceptional importance. It is known that even in a healthy and young person, if he is not trained, leads a “sedentary” lifestyle and does not engage in physical education, with the slightest physical exertion, breathing quickens and heartbeat appears. On the contrary, a trained person can easily cope with significant physical exertion. The strength and performance of the heart muscle, the main engine of blood circulation, is directly dependent on the strength and development of all muscles. Therefore, physical training, while developing the muscles of the body, at the same time strengthens the heart muscle. In people with underdeveloped muscles, the heart muscle is weak, which is revealed during any physical work.

Physical education and sports are also very useful for people of physical labor, since their work is often associated with the load of any particular muscle group, and not the entire musculature as a whole. Physical training strengthens and develops skeletal muscles, heart muscle, blood vessels, respiratory system and many other organs, which greatly facilitates the work of the circulatory apparatus, has a beneficial effect on the nervous system.

Daily morning exercises- mandatory minimum physical training. It should become for everyone the same habit as washing in the morning.

Physical exercises should be performed in a well-ventilated area or outdoors. For people leading a "sedentary" lifestyle, physical exercises in the air (walking, walking) are especially important. It is useful to go to work on foot in the morning and walk in the evening after work. Systematic walking has a beneficial effect on a person, improves well-being, increases efficiency.

Walking is a complexly coordinated motor act controlled by the nervous system, it is carried out with the participation of almost the entire muscular apparatus of our body. As a load, it can be precisely dosed and gradually, systematically increased in pace and volume. In the absence of other physical activity, the daily minimum rate of activity is only walking for young man is 15 km, a smaller load is associated with the development of hypodynamia.

Thus, daily exposure to fresh air for 1-1.5 hours is one of important components healthy lifestyle. When working indoors, it is especially important to take a walk in the evening, before going to bed. Such a walk as part of the necessary daily workout is beneficial for everyone. It relieves the tension of the working day, calms the excited nerve centers regulates breathing.

Walking is best done according to the principle of cross-country walking: 0.5 -1 km walking at a slow pace, then the same amount at a quick sports step, etc.

hardening

In Russia, hardening has long been massive. The benefits of hardening from an early age have been proven enormous practical experience and backed by solid scientific evidence.

Widely known various ways hardening - from air baths to dousing cold water. The usefulness of these procedures is beyond doubt. Since time immemorial, it has been known that walking barefoot is a wonderful hardening remedy. Winter swimming is the highest form of hardening. To achieve it, a person must go through all the stages of hardening. The effectiveness of hardening increases with the use of special temperature effects and procedures. Everyone should know the basic principles of their correct application: systematic and consistent; taking into account individual characteristics, health status and emotional reactions to the procedure. Another effective hardening agent can and should be a contrast shower before and after exercise. Contrast showers train the neurovascular apparatus of the skin and subcutaneous tissue, improving physical thermoregulation, have a stimulating effect on the central neural mechanisms. Experience shows a high hardening and healing value contrast shower for both adults and children. It also works well as a stimulant of the nervous system, relieving fatigue and increasing efficiency. Hardening is a powerful healing tool. It allows you to avoid many diseases, prolong life for many years, maintain high performance. Hardening has a general strengthening effect on the body, increases the tone of the nervous system, improves blood circulation, and normalizes metabolism.

The impact of FA and C on health

There is only one way to achieve harmony in a person - the systematic performance of physical exercises. In addition, it has been experimentally proven that regular physical education, which is rationally included in the regime of work and rest, not only improves health, but also significantly increases the efficiency of production activities. However, not all motor actions performed in everyday life and in the process of work are physical exercises. They can only be movements specially selected for influencing various organs and systems, developing physical qualities, correcting body defects.

It has been established that schoolchildren who systematically go in for sports are physically more developed than their peers who do not go in for sports. They are taller, have more weight and circumference. chest, muscle strength and their lung capacity is higher. The height of 16-year-old boys involved in sports is on average 170.4 cm, while for the rest it is 163.6 cm, weight, respectively, is 62.3 and 52.8 kg. Physical education and sports training cardiovascular system make it resistant to heavy loads. Exercise stress contributes to the development of the musculoskeletal system.

Physical exercise will positive impact, if the classes are observed certain rules. It is necessary to monitor the state of health - this is necessary in order not to harm yourself by doing physical exercises. If there are violations by of cardio-vascular system, exercises that require significant tension can lead to a deterioration in the activity of the heart. Should not be exercised immediately after illness. It is necessary to withstand a certain period in order for the functions of the body to recover - only then physical education will be beneficial.

When performing physical exercises, the human body reacts to a given load with responses. The activity of all organs and systems is activated, as a result of which energetic resources, increases the mobility of nervous processes, strengthens the muscular and osseous-ligamentous systems. Thus, the physical fitness of those involved improves and, as a result, such a state of the body is achieved when the loads are easily transferred, and the previously inaccessible results in different types exercise becomes the norm. You always have good health, desire to exercise, high spirits and good dream. With proper and regular exercise, fitness improves year after year, and you will be in good shape for a long time.

Conclusion.

Which of the young people does not want to be strong, dexterous, enduring, have a harmoniously developed body and good coordination of movements? Good physical state- a guarantee of successful study and fruitful work. A physically fit person can handle any job.

Far from all people are granted these qualities by nature. However, they can be acquired if you are friends with physical culture and join it with childhood.

Physical Culture - component general culture. It not only improves health, but also relieves some congenital and acquired ailments. Physical culture is necessary for people and physical and mental labor. But it is especially necessary for children and adolescents, since at their age the foundation is laid physical development and health.

Physical culture and sports are acquiring especially great importance now, in the age of the technical revolution, when industry and Agriculture mechanization and automation are introduced. The work of many workers is gradually reduced to operating machines. This reduces the muscular activity of workers, and without it, many organs of the human body work at a reduced mode and gradually weaken. Such muscle underload is compensated for by physical education and sports. Scientists have found that physical education and sports have beneficial effect on labor productivity.

Physical education and sports also provide an invaluable service in shaping high moral character. They bring up will, courage, perseverance in achieving goals, a sense of responsibility and camaraderie.

Bibliography

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It is one of the top priorities for society. A normal physical condition contributes to the successful solution of basic tasks, overcoming difficulties, and helps to endure stress. Formation helps to maintain the tone of the whole organism. This, in turn, ensures an active and long life.

It should be said that many do not comply with the most simple rules. Some become victims of hypodynamia (low mobility). Hypodynamia is one of the reasons that provoke some people do not follow the diet. Disturbances in the diet, in turn, often lead to obesity, diabetes. Some people cannot distract themselves from everyday worries, worry all the time, suffer from insomnia, are nervous, and are prone to stress. This often leads to the development of pathologies of internal organs. Last but not least are bad habits. So, smoking and addiction to alcohol significantly shorten life.

The formation of a healthy lifestyle in preschoolers is of great importance for the normal development of the body. A preventive measure is hardening. It allows you to develop resistance to colds in the body, infectious diseases. The simplest is air hardening. Water treatments are also important. They contribute to the stabilization of the function of not only the nervous system, but also have a beneficial effect on blood vessels and the heart, stabilize blood pressure, and improve the quality of metabolic processes.

The formation of a healthy lifestyle among schoolchildren is also of great importance for children. A normal physical condition contributes to better academic performance, strengthening of the musculoskeletal system, and stability of the nervous system.

For adults, the formation of a healthy lifestyle is no less important. This is especially important in modern conditions. A special place in the process of human life has the correct mode of rest and work. There is an opinion that labor harmful effect on the body, provoking its "wear and tear", premature aging, consumption of resources. However, experts say that work, both mental and physical, on the contrary, stimulates the body, helps to maintain tone. As practice shows, lives longer one who works hard and with high quality, whose labor process is well organized. At the same time, idleness leads to a slowdown in metabolic processes, muscle weakness, premature decrepitude, and obesity.

According to the results of observations, the wrong mode of work adversely affects the state of human health. It is necessary to be able to distribute one's forces in the performance of both mental and physical work. As you know, rhythmic, evenly organized work is more useful and productive than changing periods of hard work with periods of downtime.

The formation of a healthy lifestyle also involves the competent organization of recreation. In particular, good sleep is of great importance for maintaining stability in the nervous system. As Pavlov argued, sleep is a mechanism to prevent excessive stress and fatigue of the nervous system. The body must rest. Sleep should be deep and last required time. If a person sleeps little, then in the morning he wakes up irritated, tired, sometimes with a headache. Systematic lack of sleep provokes a disturbance in the nervous system, can cause neurosis, decreased performance, increased irritability, fatigue.

Bibliographic description:

Nesterova I.A. Formation of a healthy lifestyle [Electronic resource] // Educational encyclopedia site

A healthy lifestyle has now ceased to be something secondary and uninteresting. In modern social and environmental conditions, this is a conscious need, thanks to which one can improve health and prolong life. Therefore, the process of forming a healthy lifestyle as the basis of longevity is of particular interest.

What is meant by a healthy lifestyle

Human health – the most important factor his longevity and prosperity. requires constant work on yourself and your habits. To preserve it for many years, it is necessary to form.

Each person is based on the regime of work and rest, which is imposed by study, profession or just habits. AT last years interest in the formation of a healthy lifestyle has grown significantly since childhood.

Formation of a healthy lifestyle- the process of self-education and self-improvement based on overcoming bad habits and cultivating a desire for physical and social activity, proper nutrition and psychological harmony.

Factors that shape human health

In the process of forming a healthy lifestyle, not only citizens, but also society and the state are actively involved.

Formation of a healthy lifestyle of the population, prevention and control of non-communicable diseases are one of the most important intersectoral development problems Russian Federation.
Project: Strategy for the formation of a healthy lifestyle of the population, prevention and control of non-communicable diseases for the period up to 2025

Formation of a healthy lifestyle It is impossible without getting rid of such bad habits as:

1. Alcohol
2. Tobacco smoking
3. Regular overeating

Until 2012, the main factor hindering the formation of a healthy lifestyle in Russia could safely be called alcoholism. In 2018, the situation has changed. According to the results for 2017, alcohol consumption decreased by a third. However, there are still "drinking regions". There, the formation of a healthy lifestyle is difficult for a number of reasons:

• increased alcoholization of the population
• insufficient social activity of the population
• low level of prevention at the regional level
• low level of interest of the population in their own health.

According to the results of the study Russian regions, for 2017 the Chechen Republic, Ingushetia and Dagestan were recognized as the most "sober" regions. Buryatia, Nenets turned out to be the most drinkers autonomous region and Magadan region.

Accordingly, it can be said with certainty that formation of a healthy lifestyle represents a process that depends on many factors, the key of which are:

1. self-discipline
2. State propaganda
3. Prevention of the health of the nation

Formation of a culture of healthy lifestyle

Formation of a healthy lifestyle inextricably linked to culture. These two concepts in tandem create the term "healthy lifestyle culture". Healthy lifestyle culture attracted the attention of scientists in the middle of the last century. Understanding the culture of a healthy lifestyle finally took shape by the end of the last century.

The culture of a healthy lifestyle is a way of life, a system social mechanisms, which form the motivation of the individual to preserve and promote health, which depends on the type of dominant culture, natural and social environment, model social policy states, traditions.

Key indicators of the level of formation of a healthy lifestyle culture

Formation of a healthy lifestyle culture is the most important task of society and the state. The education of young people of willpower, self-demanding, combined with respect for their own health and the health of those around them, can not only increase life expectancy in Russia, but also increase the birth rate.

Principles of formation of a healthy lifestyle

Any important social, legal or cultural phenomenon has a certain system of principles. The formation of a healthy lifestyle, as an important element of the health of the nation, has its own principles that only emphasize its importance.

Principles of formation of a healthy lifestyle:

• The principle of physical activity
• The principle of respect for one's own health
• The principle of respect for the health of others
• The principle of rational nutrition
• The principle of psychological harmony
• The principle of social activity

Ways to form a healthy lifestyle

In modern valeology, there are several scientifically based approaches to the formation of a healthy lifestyle. They are classified into: social approaches, health-saving and general. It does not make sense to consider all their diversity in this article, since the reader is more interested in ways of forming a healthy lifestyle. It is they, for the most part, that have an applied and public character for everyone. Separately, it should be noted that the main ways of forming a healthy lifestyle are based on WHO recommendations, which are as follows:

• Balanced and rational nutrition;
• Reducing the amount of salt consumed;
• Reducing the amount of sugar consumed to the level of a healthy norm;
• Reducing the consumption of alcoholic beverages;
• Maintaining a normal body weight and regular exercise;
• Reduced stress levels;
• Hardening of the body;
• Social activity.

Medical practice has long known a set of factors that contribute to the formation of a healthy lifestyle. Accordingly, they must be included in the structure of approaches to the formation of a healthy lifestyle and, as a result, they are steps towards a long, interesting and worthy life.

Ways to form a healthy lifestyle are based on the fact that all diseases of modern man are due to the fact that the way of life that he has chosen has come into conflict with the biological characteristics of man. Laziness, tendency to overeat, elevated level consumption, the inability to communicate in society - only a small fraction of what prevents the full formation of a healthy lifestyle.

Literature

1. Project: Strategy for the formation of a healthy lifestyle of the population, prevention and control of non-communicable diseases for the period up to 2025 // [Electronic resource] Access mode: https://www.gnicpm.ru/UserFiles/PROEKT_STRATEGII_NIZ-210616.pdf
2. Sobriety rating of regions // [Electronic resource] Access mode: https://www.vesti.ru/doc.html?id=2958301
3. Krylatov S.A. Culture of a healthy lifestyle // Uchenye zapiski Zabaikal'skogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Series: Sociological Sciences, 2013
4. Mandrikov V.B., Ushakova I.A., Mitsulina M.P. Ways of formation of a healthy lifestyle of students. Elective course. - Volgograd, VolGMU Publishing House. – 2006