How to find out the pH factor of human blood. What foods increase blood acidity. Normal test scores

What is a ph blood test? This question is of interest to many patients. The PH level is an indicator of the state of health and immunity. In order to control the state of your health, you need to regularly do a blood test for ph.

Maintaining the acid-base balance in the body is very important. If it is violated, then the person begins to get sick more, grow old faster.

The diet should be rich in minerals and vitamins, must be present fresh fruits and vegetables, and you also need to try to avoid stress.

Only then will our body be young and healthy for a long time.

What is the ph level

Blood pH is considered normal if it does not exceed 7.35 to 7.45. For a healthy adult, the norm is approximately 7.42.

Level indicators are influenced by:

food quality;
bad habits, smoking, drinking alcohol;
stressful situations;
bad ecology;
wrong daily routine.

All this leads to the fact that the PH level begins to decline.

If we cannot influence the level of ecology, then it is quite within our power to balance our diet. We should be careful about the products that we purchase in stores. Europeans have long understood that healthy food is a guarantee of normal well-being and a decent contribution to the family budget. After all quality treatment it costs expensive.

If the ph level of blood and other fluids begins to change, then the body tries to stabilize it. In particular, blood tests can have the following values:

arterial blood has a ph value of 7.35-7.45;
venous - 7.26-7.36;
lymph - 7.35-7.40;
in the analysis of urine - 6.4-6.5;
in saliva - 6.4-6.8;
intercellular fluid - 7.26-7.38;
intra-articular fluid - 7.3.

If there is no excess ph in the analysis of urine and blood, then your body is in perfect order. Acidity is primarily affected by foods that also have a certain level.
According to the ph level, foods can be acidic or alkaline.

Reduce the acidity of potatoes, starchy vegetables, fruits, pasteurized milk, sweet yoghurts, meat, fish, refined vegetable oil, sugar, flour products.

Oxidizing and alkaline include coffee, tea, cocoa, soda, store juice. Weak tea, herbal infusions are more useful. Of course, it will not work to completely abandon acidic foods, but it is quite possible to maintain your diet.

What do the data in the analyzes mean?

Approximately 5-6 liters circulate in the body, which is approximately 6-8% of total weight person's weight. Only in this amount can the blood maintain the normal functions of the body. Blood density indicators are 1.050 - 1.060, which fully depends on the number of red blood cells. Plasma density is determined by proteins - 1.025-1.034.

Blood acidity, or KOS, measures the balance of hydrogen and hydroxide ions. Here great importance has a ph level. Its norm is 7.2-7.4. As we said before different blood has a different level. Normal level acid-base balance incredibly important.

Changes up or down, such as below 7 or above 7.85, are considered life-threatening.

If the acidity in the blood is increased

Increased acidity of the blood means a condition doctors call acidosis. This condition is very familiar to athletes who are addicted to anabolics and drugs to increase muscle mass. As you know, different amino acids and proteins are used for this. Trying to achieve a serious increase in muscle mass, many athletes are addicted to proteins. This leads to the violation acid balance in the body.

The condition when the acidity in the blood and urine exceeds the permissible level is dangerous for the body. If too much protein accumulates in the body, then their breakdown begins. The condition is dangerous because early stage acidosis is practically not manifested.

However, you may notice the following signs:

worried about chronic heartburn;
a gray coating appears on the tongue;
breathing becomes rapid;
flushed face;
nausea appears;
the person gets tired quickly.

Trying to restore balance, the body begins to get rid of muscle tissue, which the athlete tried to increase. Thus, it is she who decreases in the first place. Modern research proved that the consequences of acidosis can be dangerous.

The acid-base balance is determined by the pH indicator, which is also called hydrogen. pH stands for power Hydrogen, which means "power of hydrogen".

Norms

Blood pH should be within the following limits:

Conditions in which pH values are below 6.8 or above 7.8 are not compatible with life.

A stable amount of hydrogen ions indicates the normal functioning of the body. The pH level is normal if a person's lungs, liver, kidneys work smoothly, which remove harmful elements, maintaining the desired acidity.

Some violations in the body may indicate a violation of the acid-base balance:

in work gastrointestinal tract;
in the work of the liver;
in the functioning of the lungs and kidneys.

This is manifested by the development of chronic diseases and deterioration in appearance.

How to pass the analysis

An analysis of the pH of the blood may be needed for some disorders in the body. During the study, the level of hydrogen content and total acidity is determined. The most reliable result is obtained when passing arterial blood, which is considered more pure, and the number of blood cells contained in it is more constant.

For analysis, blood is taken from the capillaries. The pH level is determined in the laboratory by electrometric method. Measurements are taken with glass pH electrodes. The number of hydrogen ions and the content of carbon dioxide in the blood are counted.

Deciphering the analysis

The interpretation of the received data should be carried out by a medical specialist.

Based on the numerical values, the following conclusions can be drawn:

If the indicator is 7.4, this indicates a slightly alkaline reaction and that the acidity is normal.
A condition in which the pH level is above normal is associated with the accumulation alkaline substances and is called alkalosis.
If the indicator is below normal, this indicates an increase in acidity, and this condition is called acidosis (acidic blood).

Causes of alkalosis

Alkalosis can develop for the following reasons:

with cardiovascular diseases;
with psycho-emotional stress;
after prolonged vomiting, in which a lot of the acid contained in the gastric juice is lost;
with obesity;
if the diet contains a lot of dairy foods and some fruits and vegetables.

When the blood is alkalized, the metabolism is disturbed, the digestion of food worsens, minerals poorly absorbed, toxins enter the blood from the digestive tract. For these reasons, the following pathologies can develop:

Available chronic diseases start to get worse and worse.

Acidosis

Acidosis is more common than alkalosis. We can say that the body is more resistant to alkalization than to acidification.

Alcoholism often leads to acidosis. Acidic blood can also be a complication of diabetes.

Increased acidity of the blood does not manifest itself in any way if the deviations from the norm are insignificant. In more severe cases the following symptoms are observed:

nausea;
constant heartburn;
vomit;
lack of oxygen and breathing problems;
fast fatiguability;
symptoms of diabetes.

With an increase in acidity, insufficient oxygen and nutrition enter the tissues and organs. There is a deficiency of important elements: calcium, magnesium, potassium, sodium, and this leads to pathological conditions:

general weakness;
tumor processes;
diseases of the urinary tract;
cardiovascular diseases;
fragility of bones;
pain in the muscles;
obesity
diabetes
joint pain;
decrease in immune defense.

How to determine at home

You can check the pH level yourself. To do this, you need to buy a special electronic device in a pharmacy that will make a puncture, take the right amount of blood, analyze the data obtained using a microprocessor and display a digital result. But it is better to contact the laboratory of a medical institution for analysis, where more accurate results will be obtained and a competent interpretation will be given.

What else affects pH

Acidity can change for the following reasons:

bad ecology;
malnutrition;
emotional stress;
smoking;
alcohol consumption;
wrong mode of work and rest.

Conclusion

The acidity of the blood important indicator health, which should always be within the normal range. Body tissues are very sensitive to slight fluctuations in pH. Deviations of only 0.1 lead to the destruction of cells, the loss of the ability of enzymes to perform their functions. Such changes can lead to the development of irreversible pathologies and even death. With a deviation from the norm by 0.2, coma occurs, by 0.3 - death. Therefore, to maintain health, it is necessary to maintain an acid-base balance in the body.

Why is blood never tested for acidity and alkalinity when taking blood tests? This is the first. Why do not any pharmacy sell litmus test strips? How can we be sick and elderly, and even young?

So that you get sick and they can sell you drugs and make money. This is business.

Because a healthy pensioner is like a bone in an official's throat.

“Therefore, to maintain health, it is necessary to maintain an acid-base balance in the body.”

Priceless advice. Would also like to know how to do it.

I donated blood for analysis in Finland, it was tested for 26 indicators, the pH of the blood is also indicated, I now have 6.5. This seems to be below the norm, slightly higher than slightly acidic, but 7.43 should be.

Values over 7.8 and below 7.0 are considered incompatible with life.

Acidity of human blood (pH)

Blood in the human body is a combination of living cells in a liquid medium, the chemical qualities of which are of no small importance for its vital activity. For correct operation cells of all systems and organs must maintain a normal Ph level in human blood, i.e., the balance of acid and alkali.

Why do you need to know this indicator

Not every person understands what it is - blood acidity. Scientists from Denmark at the beginning of the last century first introduced the concept of Ph. They developed a range of acidity from 0 to 14 units. According to it, for any liquid, including blood, the Ph index is determined.

The average value of the scale is 7 units and means a neutral environment. If the value is less than 7, the environment is acidic, more than 7 - alkaline. Acid alkaline level of any liquid depends on the amount of hydrogen particles concentrated in it.

Blood acidity (or Ph level) is a constant value. It affects the redox processes in the human body, metabolism, enzyme activity. To maintain its stability in the body, buffer systems operate that control the level of hydrogen ions and prevent sudden changes in acidity.

Buffer systems are divided into:

There are also urinary and respiratory systems. The state of the body's immune system and, in general, human health depends on the acid-base balance. Deviations from lead to the development of a number of diseases, accelerated aging of the body.

Acidity rates

In a healthy person, normal Ph is in the range of 7.32–7.45, which indicates a slightly alkaline blood reaction.

This value indicates that the concentration of hydrogen ions is normal and all body systems are functioning at the proper level.

The level of acidity is somewhat different for arterial and venous blood. In the first case, its normal value is 7.37-7.45, in the second - 7.32-7.42 units.

If the Ph value is less than 6.8 and more than 7.8, then this indicates the development pathological processes in the body. The acid-base balance is also disturbed as a result of diseases that affect blood circulation.

Only when normal value pH indicator, all systems and organs can function normally, remove waste products of metabolism.

Blood test for acidity and preparation for it

It is necessary for setting accurate diagnosis at individual disorders. Conventionally, this analysis is called "Indicators of acid-base balance." They take arterial blood from the capillaries of the finger, which is cleaner than venous blood, and the ratio cell structures and the plasma in it is practically stable.

To obtain reliable results, it is necessary proper preparation. To find out the Ph level, it is necessary to refuse to eat food 8 hours before the donation, since blood is donated on an empty stomach, in the morning.

Determination of the acidity index in the laboratory

After sampling, the sample is delivered to the laboratory. In order to slow down the metabolism, as this affects the reliability of the result, gas bubbles are removed from the test tube, and it is placed on ice.

In the laboratory, a blood test is carried out by the electrometric method using Ph glass electrodes. The number of hydrogen ions is counted and the concentration of carbon dioxide in the blood is determined.

Based on the data obtained, they summarize:

if the value is at the level of 7.4 units - a slightly alkaline reaction, the acidity is normal;
if the indicator exceeds 7.45, then there is an alkalization of the body, when the systems responsible for processing do not cope with their functions;
if the value is below the norm (7.4), acidity is increased, which means either its excessive accumulation, or the inability of buffer systems to neutralize these excesses.

Any deviation is harmful to the body and requires a more detailed examination of the person and the appointment of proper treatment.

Alkalosis and its causes

Alkalosis, or alkalization of the blood, is a disease that occurs infrequently and occurs due to a large loss of acid in the body or due to the accumulation of alkali. A significant decrease in acid is possible due to frequent and prolonged vomiting (for example, in case of poisoning) or a violation of individual kidney functions responsible for regulating acid balance.

There are two types of alkalosis:

gas, which develops due to increased release of carbon dioxide by the lungs (hyperventilation, constant being at high altitude - altitude sickness);
not gas, which occurs with high alkaline reserves (intake of a large amount of alkali with food, metabolic disorders).

The main reasons leading to a decrease in acid:

excessive consumption of food great content alkalis (this is green tea, milk and products based on it);
overweight, turning into obesity;
the presence of cardiovascular diseases;
nervous breakdown, emotional overstrain;
taking some medicines leading to the failure of the alkaline balance.

With alkalosis, metabolic processes are disrupted, digestive activity worsens, gastrointestinal system toxins enter the blood. These deviations provoke the development of diseases of the liver, gastrointestinal tract, skin problems, allergic reactions.

Acidosis and its causes

Acidosis is an increase in the acidity of the blood. It occurs much more often than alkalosis, due to the predisposition of the human body to oxidation. Due to dysfunction in any body systems, leading to difficulty in excretion of organic acids, they accumulate in the blood, causing an acidic reaction.

Acidosis is divided into three types:

gas - appears when slowed down excretion by the lungs carbon dioxide;
non-gas - develops due to the accumulation of metabolic products in the body or their penetration from the gastrointestinal tract;
primary renal - possible as a result of a violation of some kidney functions caused by a large loss of alkali.

A slight change in acidity is not manifested in any way, it is asymptomatic. In severe form, there is rapid breathing, nausea, leading to vomiting.

The reasons causing similar condition, are:

indigestion, prolonged diarrhea;
diseases of the urinary tract;
circulatory disorders;
loss of appetite, poisoning, too strict diet (almost starvation);
diabetes;
heart failure leading to oxygen starvation.

Also, pregnancy, abuse alcoholic drinks able to increase the value of the acidity of the blood. Acidosis can be provoked by a sedentary lifestyle, an unhealthy diet.

Determination of acidity at home

Often, people with any diseases are interested in the opportunity to find out the acidity of the blood on their own, without going to the clinic. It is important to know how to check it correctly.

Thanks to the availability of special portable devices and test strips in the pharmacy network, everyone has the opportunity to find out the acid-base balance of the blood on their own at home.

When determining the pH level, the measuring device is applied to the finger, a puncture is made with the thinnest needle to take a few drops of blood. There is a microcomputer inside the machine where the values are calculated and the final result is displayed on the screen. The procedure takes a minimum of time and is painless.

In order to determine Ph at home, test strips can also be used. It is also necessary to purchase scarifiers for finger piercing and follow simple recommendations:

pierce a finger;
squeeze a drop of blood into a container or a medical test tube, which is preferable;
dip the test strip into the blood, leave it there for a few seconds.

The result obtained should be compared with the scale printed on the package, choose suitable color and determine the norm or deviation of the indicator.

It is much easier to measure the acidity with the device, since the whole procedure occurs automatically: puncture, blood sampling, result output.

Ways to normalize acidity

Restore the balance of acid and alkali on your own with pathological condition body is impossible. But it is realistic to lower or raise acidity if you follow a diet, take medications as prescribed by a doctor.

Food

A proper diet and sufficient fluid intake will help prevent the initial manifestations of imbalance.

Foods that increase acid levels:

sugar, sweeteners, sweet drinks, including with gas;
legumes, most cereals;
seafood, fish;
products made from flour, especially wheat;
eggs, salt;
milk and dairy products;
meat and food based on it;
tobacco products, alcoholic beverages, including beer.

The constant use of these products provokes a drop in immunity, the development of gastritis and pancreatitis. Increased acidity in men increases the risk of impotence and infertility, as sperm cells die in an acidic environment. In a negative way, an increase in acid affects the female reproductive function.

Products that increase the alkali content:

fruits (peach, mango, citrus, melon, watermelon, etc.);
herbs (parsley, spinach);
garlic, ginger;
vegetable juices.

To maintain balance, some doctors advise drinking alkaline mineral water. One glass of water should be consumed in the morning, and two or three more should be drunk during the day. Such water can be used for brewing tea or coffee, cooking. But it should not be washed down with drugs, as it can reduce their effectiveness.

How to be treated

If, during the test, high acidity or alkalization of the blood is revealed, then first of all they find out the reasons that caused the deviation. After that, the doctor takes measures aimed at eliminating these causes, for example, prescribes therapy for diabetes, diarrhea. Injections are also prescribed to normalize acidity.

If the patient managed to normalize the acid-base balance with the help of a diet, one should not forget that abandoning it and switching to a normal diet will lead the pH to the previous level.

The main prevention that maintains balance is a moderately mobile lifestyle, a proper diet (food is preferably separate), drinking enough fluids, and giving up bad habits (alcohol, smoking).

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How to determine blood pH?

Each liquid has its own level of acid-base balance, including human blood. The need to determine the pH of the blood may arise if there is a disorder in the functioning of the body or the work of some organ system is disrupted. How to determine your "hydrogen indicator"?

Features of blood chemistry

The term blood pH refers to the level of hydrogen in the body and the total acidity. The normal balance of alkalis and acids contributes to the work of all systems and organs without failures.

If this balance is disturbed, pathological processes can begin:

disruption of the digestive tract;
the work of the kidneys or lungs, which are responsible for cleaning incoming substances and air, is blocked;
a malfunction in the liver begins - the main regulatory organ;
getting worse appearance develop chronic diseases.

A stable content of hydrogen ions in the blood indicates normal situation in the body. Acid-base balance is maintained due to the synchronous work of the kidneys, liver, and lungs. They act as "compensators", remove a lot of harmful compounds from the body and maintain the level of acids and alkalis. Therefore, it is very important to control the pH of arterial blood in order to prevent the development of serious diseases.

Determination of chemical balance

During a scheduled inspection or preventive procedures Your doctor may suggest taking a blood test for acidity. Data on the composition of the blood balance will help the doctor determine the strategy for further treatment and clarify recommendations for maintaining health. But you can determine the level of hydrogen in the blood even at home.

The patient is taken a small amount of fingertip blood: for analysis, arterial blood from capillaries is used. Usually, the analysis of the content of acids and alkalis in the blood is performed using the electrometric method in laboratories.

Arterial blood is cleaner, it contains the most constant number of blood cells and more stable acidity. This ensures the purity of the analysis results. Special glass electrodes count the level of available hydrogen ions. The level of carbon dioxide in the composition of blood cells is taken into account.

However, you can do the same procedure at home. Naturally, professional analysis in poly clinical setting will be most effective, in addition, the doctor will give qualified recommendations in case of violations in the body. But sometimes there is no way to go to the hospital.

Pharmacies sell a variety of devices that will allow you to do the analysis yourself. Such a device itself will make a miniature puncture in the right place and take the required amount of arterial blood for analysis. The built-in microprocessor will perform an electronic analysis of the received data and display all the necessary indicators and results on the LCD screen. Such devices can be purchased by order or purchased at specialized medical equipment stores.

Indicator values

The man did a self blood test and got everything digital indicators. But what do they mean? Of course, a knowledgeable specialist will give a more qualified and detailed interpretation of the data received. But you can also make a primary anamnesis of the situation with your health yourself.

If the acidity is within the normal range, the indicators should be at the level of 7.40 units. These data indicate the presence of a slightly alkaline reaction. With a decrease in this number, a diagnosis of "acidosis" is usually made, with an increased alkaline reaction - alkalosis (above 7.45 units).

The level of the alkaline indicator is a fairly serious reason for the treatment and control of the state of the body. Severe destabilizing deviations, at a level of 7.0 or above 7.8, are often not compatible with life and require urgent intervention.

Acidosis in a mild form practically does not manifest itself and can only be recorded in a laboratory analysis. Symptoms that occur with progressive acidosis can be as follows:

signs of diabetes;
lack of oxygen;
shock at the primary stage of other chronic diseases;
frequent nausea;
gagging;
breathing problems.

If a severe form of acidosis is detected, it is necessary to establish the causes of such a deviation, to give the patient a solution of water with soda to drink when symptoms appear. Usually you need to call a doctor, go to a therapist.

Alcolosis causes metabolic malfunctions in the body and occurs for several reasons:

after prolonged vomiting, when there is a loss of stomach acid;
with an overdose of alkaline compounds (dairy products, some vegetables or fruits);
with nervous strain;
with obesity;
on the background of cardiovascular diseases.

Eliminating the cause of the disease can normalize the acid-base balance. The treatment process usually begins with breathing exercises, which saturate the blood with oxygen and carbon dioxide compounds in a certain proportion.

Also, injections or ingestion of various solutions are performed: potassium, insulin, ammonium and calcides. However, it is necessary to take into account the danger of self-treatment and never make approximate diagnoses for yourself or your loved ones.

Unauthorized use of drugs can not only cause deterioration of the condition, but also bring the patient to hospitalization. Any manipulations should take place under the strict supervision of a specialist and only as directed by a doctor. At the same time, they can influence the treatment strategy additional tests e.g. venous blood test. General conclusions and recommendations can only be made after a comprehensive examination.

If the acidity indicators are all normal, it is recommended to regularly check your pH level and eat right.

You can self-regulate the condition through proper nutrition and a healthy lifestyle. There are foods that are especially enriched with vitamins and contribute to the balance of substances. It is very useful to eat green salad, cereals, all kinds of vegetables, dried fruits, potatoes, all kinds of nuts (mainly walnuts and almonds), mineral and plain clean drinking water.

Foods such as mangoes, melons, watermelons, lemons and oranges, spinach, sultana grapes, raisins, apricots, freshly squeezed vegetable juices, fresh apples, parsley and celery are good to increase the level of alkali in the blood. A well-known remedy for most diseases is garlic and various medicinal herbs.

The main enemy is fatty, high-calorie foods, fried and smoked, alcoholic beverages, excess coffee, frequent smoking. From these products and bad habits, excessive oxidation occurs in the body. Harmful compounds do not leave the body, but settle on the walls of blood vessels. Long-term cleansing measures are required to eliminate the consequences of the use of such products.

There are special varieties of therapeutic alkaline water for internal use. Such water is enriched with ions and strengthens the immune system, removes toxins and toxins, slows down the aging process and regulates digestive organs. You can drink this water on an empty stomach in the morning, and take 2-3 glasses additionally during the day.

Therapeutic ionized water has a good effect on the composition of the blood, but negatively on the effect of certain drugs if they are taken together with water. It is recommended to take an hour break between taking pills and ionized water. special water can be used in the preparation of soups and drinks, make tea or coffee with it.

It is necessary to regularly cleanse the body of accumulated salts and toxins. Waste buildup leads to many health problems. The state of health worsens, the tone drops, depression can develop. Just like viruses or microbes, all toxins can be eliminated from the blood by drinking alkaline water.

Plan your diet and lifestyle so that problems with the level of alkali in the blood are no longer a concern. A competent diet and medical supervision, timely detection of acid-base imbalance will help maintain health and youth for many years.

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How to check the acidity of the human body at home?

The appearance of many diseases in humans is directly dependent on acid and alkali. Increased acidity harms the most important systems in the body, making it defenseless against infection. The balanced acidity of the body contributes to the normal flow of metabolic processes in the body, while helping it to resist disease.

The body correctly accumulates and assimilates nutrients, only at certain indicators of acidity. Everyone can provide the body with the necessary assistance for the absorption of useful substances, and not their loss. Throughout the life of the body, it needs both acidic and alkaline decay products.

The body is healthy, always has alkaline reserves of substances in case of need. In violation of proper nutrition and the use of acidic foods in food and from a small amount of water in the body, its oxidation occurs. Acidic foods include many foods, such as meat, soda, buns, loaves, sugar, and many other foods. In an oxidized organism, oxygen delivery to the organs and tissues of the body is disrupted, the absorption of minerals is impaired, and minerals such as calcium, magnesium, sodium, and potassium are completely removed. From such a loss of minerals, vital organs will suffer.

In such cases, there is a high risk of cardiovascular disease, immunity decreases, bones become brittle and many other diseases. It is necessary to carefully monitor the level of acids in the body, but not many people know how to check the acidity of the body. Subsequently, increased acidity causes problems with:

Cardiovascular system, which is accompanied by vasospasm and a decrease in the composition of oxygen in the blood;

Weight gain and diabetes;

Disease of the kidneys and urinary bladder, the formation of stones in them;

Increased exposure to harmful free radicals that promote oncogenesis;

Fragility of bones, possibly even a fracture of the femoral neck, and other disorders of the musculoskeletal system;

The manifestation of pain in the joints, in the muscles, which are associated with increased lactic acid;

Great general weakness.

Acidosis is promoted by excessive passion for alcoholic beverages. Acidosis can also appear as a result of complications in diabetes mellitus.

Over the years, studies have been conducted on women with high acidity. As a result, it was concluded that with constantly increased acidity, women have a weaker bone composition, they are more prone to fractures.

Doctors are sure that many of their health problems are directly related to excessive consumption of meat products and low consumption of vegetables and fruits. Such nutrition leads to the oxidation of the body, and in order to obtain the necessary calcium, the body has no choice but to borrow it from the bones. How to determine the acidity of the body at home is of interest to everyone. For this, there are special litmus strips. Just a couple of hours before eating, you need to put such a strip on the tongue for just a couple of seconds.

This procedure must be done about seven or six times a day, for several days. Then the result will be accurate. Normal acidity from 6.6 to 7.0; low acidity below 6.6; over 7.0 increased acidity. It is still recommended to check the acidity of the human body in a clinical setting, which will make it possible to establish a more accurate indicator.

There are pH tests in the form of strips that easily and quickly determine the pH level while sitting at home. To do this, you need to fill the glass with urine and lower the test strip there. When the pH ranges from 6.0 to 6.4 in the morning and 6.4-7.0 in the evening, then everything is normal in the body. When the saliva pH test strip shows a result of 6.4 to 6.8 during the day, then the body is also healthy and in excellent condition. A more optimal pH test for urine and saliva is slightly acidic and is 6.4-6.5. For more accurate indications, the procedure should be carried out one hour before a meal or two hours after a meal.

The obtained pH results of urine show how the assimilation of minerals in the body occurs. These minerals control acid level organism.

It is also good to know the pH level of saliva. The result obtained will show the activity in the digestive process of enzymes, especially in the stomach and liver. Such a result is able to evaluate the work of the organism as a whole or its certain systems.

The blood pH test is the most difficult. The indicators of such a test can range from 7.6 to 7.2. An increase in indicators by only 0.1 can lead to major complications and pathologies.

Should be respected right balance pH. If this balance is violated, any treatment of diseases will not give a positive result.

The mechanism for maintaining the required level are: buffering blood systems, respiratory regulation system, renal excretory system. To maintain the acid-base balance within the normal range, you should first of all monitor nutrition. It is necessary to compose a diet so that alkaline substances predominate rather than acidic ones.

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How to check the acid-base balance of the body (blood pH) at home?

The pH of human blood depends on various factors: from age, from the type of metabolism, from the weather, from health, from physical activity, time of day, and other factors. Usually the pH level is alkaline before 14 hours and acidic after 14 hours. In the alkaline environment of the body (at pH > 7) there is an increase and accumulation of energy and biological synthesis, and in the acidic environment of the body (at pH< 7) происходит расщепление и расход энергии.

How to check the acid-base balance (blood pH)?

By the state of the blood, you can accurately find out about health. Blood pH can shift towards alkalization or acidity. Indirectly at home, you can find out the pH of the blood by measuring the pH of urine or the pH of saliva (blood pH will be more accurate). The pH of the urine of a healthy person is 6.2 - 6.4. When the body is acidified, the pH of the urine is 4.8 - 5.0, when the body is alkalized - 7.6 - 7.8. Healthy blood normal person has pH = 7.35 - 7.45. The pH of blood and urine can be accurately determined in the laboratory.

The pH level of the urine only shows the reaction outside the cells. When it is necessary to determine the pH level of the blood or cells, then it is necessary to take tests for the content of calcium in the urine or potassium in the blood. Urine calcium levels below 2.5 mEq/L or blood potassium levels below 3.8 mEq/L are indicative of an acidic pH. pH levels in diseased organs and tissues diverge from general indications.

Our body has several compensatory mechanisms (buffers) to maintain the dynamic balance of blood pH. The pH level of the blood depends little on nutrition and other factors. Only some serious illness lead to changes in blood pH. diabetic ketoacidosis and kidney failure lead to acidosis, and insufficiency of pulmonary function leads to alkalization. Eating different foods can only change the pH of the urine, but the pH of the blood as a whole changes very little.

Urine is not a good indicator of pH balance and health levels.

If a sick person feels better when eating acidic foods, then his body has high level alkalis. When alkaline foods cause improvement, the body is highly acidic. If there is no reaction, then the person is practically healthy. Unfortunately, many doctors do not take into account the pH level of the body. In this article, we will provide methods and tests for determining the pH of blood, urine and saliva at home.

How to check the pH of blood, urine and saliva at home?

There are several methods for determining blood pH at home, namely:

using a special electronic device;
using indicator paper;
by measuring the lower pressure and pulse;
by the color of the conjunctiva of both eyes.

Let's consider each of the methods separately.

Determination of blood pH using an electronic device.

Devices for measuring blood pH

You can check the level and find out the pH number of the blood at home on your own. To do this, you need to buy a special electronic device in a specialized store, pharmacy or in a salon on order. Use it to pierce an artery. The device will automatically take the required amount of blood. After analysis, the obtained data will appear on the display. Such devices can be purchased in different ways: by order, in specialized medical equipment stores or bought abroad.

In the laboratory of a medical institution, of course, they will do the analyzes professionally, give more accurate results, advise and give necessary recommendations, sound advice on further treatment. But if necessary and for efficiency, the analysis can be carried out at home.

Devices for measuring the acid-base balance (pH balance) of blood

Determination of the pH of blood, urine and saliva using indicator paper.

Now there are many types of indicator or litmus papers. In an alkaline solution, the paper changes color to Blue colour. In an acidic solution, the paper turns red. Universal indicator paper is used to approximate pH readings over a wide range. The accuracy is small, the error in pH values is about one unit.

To determine the pH of the blood using indicator paper, you can roughly measure the pH of saliva. Litmus paper for pH determination should be taken with a range of 4.5-9.0 and in increments of 0.25-0.5 pH. Thanks to the small step of the scale, litmus allows you to more accurately measure the pH of saliva, water, urine and other liquids. At home, litmus paper is also used to determine the pH of urine.

Scale for determining the pH of a liquid in the range of 4.5-9.0:

Scale for determining the pH of a liquid

Place the strip in the measured liquid for 1-2 seconds and quickly apply it to the color scale with the desired range. By comparing the color of the strip with the color of the scale, you can easily determine the pH value. Readings must be taken within 7-10 seconds to be more accurate.

Saliva pH can be easily measured with indicator paper. Indirectly, this will be the acid-base balance of our physical body.

It is better to use high precision indicator paper

Determination of blood pH by measuring lower pressure and pulse.

How to quickly find out the change in acid-base balance at home?

measure the lower diastolic pressure. Measure only at rest;
measure your pulse. You need to measure the pulse only at rest;
determine if there is a pH deviation. If your lower blood pressure is greater than your pulse, then your blood is alkaline (alkalosis). If your lower blood pressure is less than your pulse, then your blood is acidic (acidosis);
determine the level of deviation of blood pH. If the difference between blood pressure and your pulse is more than 20, then this is a clear deviation in blood pH.

Measurement of pulse and pressure

Determination of blood pH by the color of the conjunctiva (according to the system of V. Karavaev).

V.V. Karavaev proposed in his book “Guidelines for the Prevention and Improvement of the Body: Normalization of Three Metabolic Processes - Substances, Energy and Information” to determine the acid-base balance (ABR) of the blood by the color of the conjunctiva of both eyes. By the color of the conjunctiva, one can relatively accurately determine the state of the blood acid-base balance at any time.

The pale pink color of the conjunctiva shows that the deviation of the pH of the blood from the norm in the direction of increasing acidity. The bright pink (scarlet) color of the conjunctiva shows that there are no deviations in blood pH from the norm. The dark pink (burgundy) color of the conjunctiva indicates that the deviation of blood pH from the norm in the direction of increasing alkalinity.

Whitish conjunctiva - the pH level is shifted to the acid side, dark red conjunctiva - the body is alkaline.

To find out what color your conjunctiva is, you need to pull the lower eyelid down at the mirror with your fingertip and look at the color. inside century (conjunctiva).

By the color of the conjunctiva, you can easily find out the state of your blood.

With pathology in the left side of the body, the conjunctiva of the left eye will more accurately show, with pathology in right side of the physical body - the conjunctiva of the right eye. Improving measures should be carried out with a paler conjunctiva.

Checking the pH of the blood by the color of the conjunctiva

In an uncompensated state of the body, the color of the conjunctiva changes in seconds after any strong impact external and internal factors, as well as after the introduction of medicinal and other substances.

Special tests to check the body's pH (blood pH) at home.

Test No. 1 (on black coffee without sugar and without milk).

Black coffee without sugar and without milk is an acidic product. If when drinking coffee there is an increase in energy, strength and vigor, then your body has alkaline environment. Night and evening pain you then will decrease.

Test No. 2 (with a soft-boiled egg).

A soft-boiled egg is an alkaline product that can improve the condition of an acidic reaction in the body. Daily and morning pain may decrease.

Test No. 3 (with a paper bag).

Intense breathing into a paper bag leads to acidification of your body (according to E. Revich). If your poor health is associated with an alkaline pH level (stomach pain, head pain and itchy skin), then these pains may decrease. In the acid state of the body, the above symptoms of ailments increase rapidly.

Test No. 4 (increased breathing).

When breathing increases, the pH level shifts in the alkaline direction. If your condition worsens, then this indicates an alkaline pH level, and if it improves, then an acidic level.

Test No. 5 (breathing through the left and right nostrils).

If the right nostril breathes easier, then the body has an alkaline reaction, and if the left nostril breathes easier, then an acid reaction. When you have the same breath in any nostril, then you have a neutral reaction in your body.

In any treatment of the body, it is necessary to take into account the pH level and the state of the body's defense system. Unfortunately, many doctors do not take into account the pH level of the body. Keep an eye on your own pH level, constantly measure and test it.

We wish you to be always healthy!

Acid-base balance of the body (pH balance) or acid-base balance (ABR)

How to check the acid-base balance of the body (blood pH) at home? : 2 comments

I liked it very much! everything is very clear.

Thank you! It is very important to constantly monitor the acid-base balance of your body, at least at the household level. Our methods and tests allow us to do this. If there are deviations, then it is urgent to make a correction. How do you ask? We have complete information about this on our website. And of course it will be constantly updated. Look to us, please. We advise you not to be indifferent to yourself. Be healthy always!

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2018 | Path to health

Any use of materials is possible only with the consent of the author and a direct link to the blog.

All materials on the pages of the site are informative and educational in nature, do not try to blindly repeat folk recipes, consult your doctor.

Dr. Ben Kim

Is it true that the food and drink we consume determines whether our blood is alkaline or acidic?
Contrary to mass aggressive advertising, the answer to this question is a significant "no".

Your blood pH is tightly regulated by a complex system of blocking mechanisms that are constantly working to maintain a level between 7.35 and 7.45, which is slightly more alkaline than pure water. If the blood pH drops below 7.35, a condition called acidosis occurs, which causes dysfunction of the central nervous system. Acute acidosis - in which the pH of the blood drops below 7.00 - can lead to a coma or even lethal outcome.

If the blood pH rises above 7.45, alkalosis occurs. Acute alkalosis can also be fatal, but through a variety of mechanisms, alkalosis affects nerve hypersensitivity and excitability, often resulting in muscle spasms, nervousness and convulsions; in severe cases, these seizures are fatal.

Thus, if you are breathing, going about your daily activities, then your body is behaving properly to maintain a normal blood pH between 7.35 and 7.45, and the food you eat does not affect blood pH fluctuations.

So, where do the rumors about the need for alkalization of the body come from? And what about the claim that excess acidity leads to osteoporosis, kidney stones, and a host of other unwanted health problems?

As a rule, answers to such questions about human health can be found by understanding the basic principles of human physiology. So let's understand the basic principles of pH, as well as how your body regulates the acid-base balance of the liquid environment.

pH is a value that characterizes the level of acidity and alkalinity of a liquid. With regard to human health, the fluids that make up the body are a liquid medium, which is categorized into two main groups:
Intracellular fluid is the fluid that fills every cell. The intracellular fluid is often referred to as hyaloplasm and makes up two-thirds of the total fluid in the human body.

Extracellular fluid is the fluid found outside the cells of the body. Extracellular fluid, in turn, is divided into two types:

Plasma is the liquid that makes up blood.

Interstitial fluid - a fluid that occupies the entire tissue space. Interstitial fluid includes ocular fluid, fluid lymphatic system, joints, nervous system, as well as the fluid between the protective membranes around the cardiovascular, respiratory and abdominal cavities.

In order for the body's cells to function properly, the blood (plasma) must maintain a pH level between 7.35 and 7.45. This article describes that the body's cells need to maintain a pH level exactly in this range in order to remain healthy, and the main reason is that all the proteins that work in your body must maintain a specific geometric shape, it is the three-dimensional structure of proteins that affects the slightest changes in the pH level of the body fluid.

The pH level ranges from 0 to 14. A liquid with a pH level of 7 is considered neutral (pure water has a neutral pH level). Liquids with a pH below 7 - like lemon juice or coffee - are considered acidic. And liquids with a pH above 7 - like human blood and magnesium hydroxide - are considered alkaline.

It is important to note that in the pH level, each value is ten times different from the next number; those. a pH 6 liquid is ten times more acidic than a pH 7 liquid, and a pH 5 liquid is one hundred times more acidic than pure water. Heavily carbonated drinks have a pH level of about 3, their acidity is a thousand times higher than the acidity pure water. So before you next drink a bottle of soda, think about it.

When food or liquid is ingested, the end products of digestion and absorption of nutrients often cause an acid-base effect: the end products are sometimes referred to as acid sludge or alkaline sludge. In addition, because cells constantly receive energy, a certain amount of various acids is formed and broken down in the body fluid. These acids - generated by your daily metabolism - are inevitable; because your body must produce energy to survive, and it will act as a constant source of acids.

So, there are two main forces that can disturb the pH level of the body during daily work: the acidic or alkaline effect of the food and liquid that you consume and the acids formed by your body during metabolic processes. Fortunately, your body has three main mechanisms that are constantly at work to ward off these forces and keep your blood pH between 7.35 and 7.45.

These mechanisms are:

Buffer systems

Bicarbonate buffer system
Protein buffer system
Phosphate buffer system
Emission of carbon dioxide

Excretion of hydrogen ions through the kidneys

It is beyond the scope of this article to discuss the mechanisms described above. The purpose of the article was only to indicate that these systems exist and are designed to prevent nutritional, metabolic and other factors that affect the change in the blood pH level beyond the normal range of 7.35-7.45.

When you are asked to "alkalize the blood", it basically means that you should eat more food, which will form an alkali in your body. The reason for this suggestion is that most processed foods - such as flour products and white sugar - have an alkaline-forming effect on your body, and if you don't eat well, acid builds up in your body, causing some of the buffer systems mentioned above to begin to work with increased load, which can lead to serious problems with health.

For example, the phosphate buffer system uses the body's various phosphate ions to neutralize concentrated acids and nucleotides. About 85% of the phosphate ions used by your phosphate buffer system come from calcium phosphate salts, which are the structural components of bones and teeth. If the body fluid is constantly exposed to large amounts of alkali-forming food and fluid, the body will use calcium phosphate stores to provide a phosphate buffer system to counteract the alkali-forming effects of the diet. Over time, this can lead to structural wasting of the bones and teeth.

Expenditure of calcium-phosphate accumulations in large volumes can also increase the amount of calcium that is excreted through genitourinary system, therefore predominantly acid-forming diet may increase the risk of calcium-rich kidney stones.

This is just one example of how buffer system abuse can lead to negative health outcomes. Since the buffer system must be working all the time anyway to neutralize the acids produced by daily metabolic processes, it is in your best interest to eat a diet that does not cause the buffer system to work uselessly.

Acid- and alkaline-forming effect of ordinary food

Generally speaking, most vegetables and fruits have an alkaline-forming effect on body fluids.

Most grains, animal foods, and highly processed foods have an acid-forming effect on body fluids.

Your health is supported by food that combines nutrients, as well as acid- and alkali-forming food; theoretically, you should consume more alkaline-forming foods than acid-forming foods for the combined acid-base effect of the diet, corresponding to a slightly alkaline blood pH.

The following list shows which simple food has an alkaline-forming effect on the body fluid, and which one affects the formation of acidic slag in the process of digestion and assimilation.

Food that moderately to strongly influences the formation of alkali

watermelons
Lemons
Cantaloupe
Celery
Lime
Mango
nutmeg melon
Papaya
Parsley
Spinach
Sweet seedless grapes
Horseradish
Asparagus
Kiwi
Pears
A pineapple
Raisin
vegetable juices
Apples
apricots
Alfalfa
Avocado
Bananas
Garlic
Ginger
Peaches
Nectarine
Grapefruit
oranges
Most herbs
Peas
lettuce
Broccoli
Cauliflower

Foods that moderately to severely affect acid formation

Alcohol
Soft drinks
Tobacco
Coffee
white sugar
Table salt
Sugar substitutes
Antibiotics (and other medicines)
White flour products (including pasta)
Seafood
white vinegar
Barley
Most cereals
Cheese
Most legumes
Meat
Almost all types of bread

Please note that the list provided is not complete. If you eat mostly cereals, flour products, animal products and wash it all down with coffee, soda or milk, then it is absolutely certain that by replacing this diet with vegetables and fruits, you can significantly improve your health.

The original purpose of this article was to provide information that will explain why I believe that you do not need to take nutritional supplements or " alkaline water"to alkalize the body. The body is designed in such a way as to maintain the pH level of the liquid in the required alkaline range. The ideal scenario is to make fresh vegetables and fruits the main part of your diet, and consume the rest of the foods that your body requires in moderation.

I hope that these thoughts will bring some clarity to this often misunderstood topic of health.

The acid-base balance or pH of the blood has important function in the body. If there are deviations from the norm in one direction or another, then this will have serious consequences for human health. The pH of human blood is called the hydrogen index, as it is translated from Latin as “hydrogen strength”.

Norm

If we talk about the norm of pH in the blood, then it varies depending on the vessels. For veins, it can range from 7.32-7.42, if we talk about arteries, then here it varies from 7.376-7.43.

AT medical practice conditions when blood pH is below 6.8 or more than 7.8 are considered fatal to humans.

If this indicator is normal, then the required amount of hydrogen ions is in the blood. Then all body systems, such as the respiratory and urinary systems, work normally and help remove metabolic products from the body.

Signs of a serious deviation in blood pH from the norm are:

Disorders in the work of the gastrointestinal tract.
Pathologies in the functioning of the respiratory organs (and so on), kidneys.
and other anomalies.

AT this case a person may be diagnosed with a chronic disease and his appearance will worsen.

How to pass the analysis

This procedure is prescribed for patients who have certain abnormalities. at pH? It is preferable to use arterial blood for the procedure, which is considered clean and gives the most accurate result. A blood test for pH involves identifying the level of hydrogen and total acidity in the body.

This study of acid-base balance is carried out on an empty stomach, and blood is taken from the capillaries. procedure laboratory analysis carried out using an electrometric method. This requires glass pH electrodes. The level of carbon dioxide in the blood is measured, as well as the amount of hydrogen ions.

Deciphering indicators

Usually this disease does not have a bright severe symptoms. But in some cases you can see:

Constant heartburn.
Regular nausea.
And in some cases, vomiting.
All symptoms of diabetes.
Increased fatigue and weakness.
Problems with the respiratory system and a noticeable lack of oxygen.

As a result of the fact that oxygen is supplied in insufficient quantities to tissues and organs, a shortage of trace elements such as magnesium and sodium may develop, which will lead to abnormal conditions:

Obesity.
Tumor formations.
Weakness of the body.
Diseases of the cardiovascular system.
Problems with the kidneys and liver.
Bones become brittle.
Diabetes may develop.
, joints, muscles.
Immunity is reduced.

At home

Many patients have a question: how to determine the pH of the blood at home? To do this, a special device is bought in the pharmacy, with the help of which a puncture is made and the required amount of blood is taken. This device analyzes the data using a microprocessor and displays the result in digital form on the display.

But in any case, you cannot make a diagnosis yourself, so you need to contact any medical institution in order to carry out this procedure in a special laboratory.

What else affects pH

The acid-base balance of the body can be abnormal depending on several factors:

If the city has bad ecology.
A person's susceptibility to stress.
Irregular and improper nutrition.
Tobacco smoking.
Frequent use of alcohol.
Work and rest schedules do not match.

Acid-base balance is a very important indicator of human health. If even slight deviations of blood pH from the norm are detected, then this can lead to the destruction of cells in the body, enzymes lose their main functions, as a result of which even death can follow. Therefore, it is important to prevent this pathology in time. The pH of a person's blood is a very important indicator for his life, so you always need to be aware of what kind you have, because the slightest deviation from the norm can lead to death.

The acid-base balance is determined by the pH indicator, which is also called hydrogen. pH stands for power Hydrogen, which means "power of hydrogen".

Norms

Blood pH should be within the following limits:

Conditions in which pH values are below 6.8 or above 7.8 are not compatible with life.

Some violations in the body may indicate a violation of the acid-base balance:

in the work of the gastrointestinal tract;
in the work of the liver;
in the functioning of the lungs and kidneys.

This is manifested by the development of chronic diseases and deterioration in appearance.

How to pass the analysis

An analysis of the pH of the blood may be needed for some disorders in the body. During the study, the level of hydrogen content and total acidity is determined. The most reliable result is obtained when donating arterial blood, which is considered cleaner and the number of blood cells contained in it is more constant.

Deciphering the analysis

The interpretation of the received data should be carried out by a medical specialist.

Based on the numerical values, the following conclusions can be drawn:

If the indicator is 7.4, this indicates a slightly alkaline reaction and that the acidity is normal.
A condition in which the pH level is above normal is associated with the accumulation of alkaline substances and is called alkalosis.
If the indicator is below normal, this indicates an increase in acidity, and this condition is called acidosis (acidic blood).

Causes of alkalosis

Alkalosis can develop for the following reasons:

with cardiovascular diseases;
with psycho-emotional stress;
after prolonged vomiting, in which a lot of the acid contained in the gastric juice is lost;
with obesity;
if the diet contains a lot of dairy foods and some fruits and vegetables.

When blood is alkalized, metabolism is disturbed, food digestion worsens, minerals are poorly absorbed, and toxins enter the blood from the digestive tract. For these reasons, the following pathologies can develop:

Existing chronic diseases begin to constantly worsen and progress.

Acidosis

Acidosis is more common than alkalosis. We can say that the body is more resistant to alkalization than to acidification.

Alcoholism often leads to acidosis. Acidic blood can also be a complication of diabetes.

Increased acidity of the blood does not manifest itself in any way if the deviations from the norm are insignificant. In more severe cases, the following symptoms are observed:

nausea;
constant heartburn;
vomit;
lack of oxygen and breathing problems;
fast fatiguability;
symptoms of diabetes.

general weakness;
tumor processes;
diseases of the urinary tract;
cardiovascular diseases;
fragility of bones;
pain in the muscles;
obesity
diabetes
joint pain;
decrease in immune defense.

How to determine at home

What else affects pH

Acidity can change for the following reasons:

bad ecology;
malnutrition;
emotional stress;
smoking;
alcohol consumption;
wrong mode of work and rest.

Conclusion

Blood acidity is an important indicator of health, which should always be within the normal range. Body tissues are very sensitive to slight fluctuations in pH. Deviations of only 0.1 lead to the destruction of cells, the loss of the ability of enzymes to perform their functions. Such changes can lead to the development of irreversible pathologies and even death. With a deviation from the norm by 0.2, coma occurs, by 0.3 - death. Therefore, to maintain health, it is necessary to maintain an acid-base balance in the body.

Why is blood never tested for acidity and alkalinity when taking blood tests? This is the first. Why do not any pharmacy sell litmus test strips? How can we be sick and elderly, and even young?

So that you get sick and they can sell you drugs and make money. This is business.

Because a healthy pensioner is like a bone in an official's throat.

“Therefore, to maintain health, it is necessary to maintain an acid-base balance in the body.”

Priceless advice. Would also like to know how to do it.

Values over 7.8 and below 7.0 are considered incompatible with life.

pH (acidity) of the blood: what is it, the norm in the blood test, how it is regulated, when it changes

Typically, such an indicator as pH or acidity of the blood (hydrogen index, acid-base balance parameter, pH), as patients are used to calling it, is not noted in the direction for hematological analyzes for the purpose of examining the patient. Being a constant value, the pH of human blood can change its values only within strictly defined limits - from 7.36 to 7.44 (on average - 7.4). Increased acidity of the blood (acidosis) or a shift in the pH to the alkaline side (alkalosis) are conditions that do not develop as a result of exposure to favorable factors and in most cases require immediate therapeutic measures.

Blood cannot withstand a drop in pH below 7 and an increase to 7.8, so extreme pH values such as 6.8 or 7.8 are considered unacceptable and incompatible with life. In some sources, the high limit of compatibility with life may differ from the listed values, that is, equal to 8.0.

Blood buffer systems

Acid or basic products constantly enter the human blood, but for some reason nothing happens? It turns out that everything is provided for in the body, buffer systems are “on duty” around the clock to guard against pH constancy, which resist any changes and prevent the acid-base balance from shifting in a dangerous direction. So, in order:

The bicarbonate system opens the list of buffer systems, it is also called bicarbonate. It is considered the most powerful, since it takes on a little more than 50% of all blood buffering abilities;
The second place is taken by the hemoglobin buffer system, it provides 35% of the total buffer capacity;
The third place belongs buffer system blood proteins - up to 10%;
The fourth position is occupied by the phosphate system, which accounts for about 6% of all buffer capabilities.

These buffer systems, in maintaining a constant pH, are the first to resist a possible shift in the pH value in one direction or another, because the processes that support the vital activity of the body are constantly going on and at the same time products of either an acidic or basic nature are constantly thrown into the blood. Meanwhile, the buffer capacity for some reason is not depleted. This happens because the excretory system (lungs, kidneys) comes to the rescue, which reflexively turns on whenever there is a need for it - it removes all the accumulated metabolites.

How do systems work?

Main buffer system

The activity of the bicarbonate buffer system, which includes two components (H2CO3 and NaHCO3), is based on the reaction between them and bases or acids entering the blood. If there is a strong alkali in the blood, then the reaction will go along this path:

NaOH + H2CO3 → NaHCO3 + H2O

The sodium bicarbonate formed as a result of the interaction will not stay in the body for a long time and, without having a special effect, will be removed by the kidneys.

The second component of the bicarbonate buffer system, NaHCO3, will react to the presence of a strong acid, which neutralizes the acid as follows:

HCl + NaHCO3 → NaCl + H2CO3

The product of this reaction (CO2) will quickly leave the body through the lungs.

The hydrocarbon buffer system is the first to "feel" the change in the pH value, and therefore the first to start its work.

Hemoglobin and other buffer systems

Upon receipt of bases from the hemoglobin buffer system, the following reaction can be expected:

NaOH + HHb → NaHb + H2O (pH hardly changes)

And with acid, as soon as it appears, hemoglobin will begin to interact as follows:

HCl + NaHb → NaCl + HHb (pH shift is not very noticeable)

The buffer capacity of proteins depends on their main characteristics (concentration, structure, etc.), so the buffer system of blood proteins is not as involved in maintaining acid-base balance as the previous two.

Phosphate buffer system or sodium-phosphate buffer in their work does not give a special shift in the blood pH. It maintains the correct pH values in cell-filling fluids and urine.

pH in arterial and venous blood, plasma and serum

The main parameter of acid-base balance is somewhat different - pH in arterial and venous blood? Arterial blood is more stable in terms of acidity. But, in principle, the pH rate is 0.01 - 0.02 in oxygenated arterial blood higher than in the blood flowing through the veins (pH in venous blood is lower due to excess CO2).

As far as blood plasma pH is concerned, again, in plasma, the balance of hydrogen and hydroxide ions generally corresponds to the pH of whole blood.

pH values may vary in other biological media, for example, in serum, however, plasma that has left the body and is deprived of fibrinogen is no longer involved in maintaining vital processes, therefore its acidity is more important for other purposes, for example, for the manufacture of sets of standard hemagglutinating sera, which determine the group membership of a person.

acidosis and alkalosis

A shift in pH values in one direction or another (acid → acidosis, alkaline → alkalosis) can be compensated and uncompensated. It is determined by the alkaline reserve, represented mainly by bicarbonates. Alkaline reserve (AR) is the amount of carbon dioxide in milliliters displaced by a strong acid from 100 ml of plasma. The norm of ASR is in the range of 50 - 70 ml of CO2. Deviation from these values indicates uncompensated acidosis (less than 45 ml CO2) or alkalosis (more than 70 ml CO2).

There are two types of acidosis and alkalosis:

Gas acidosis - develops when the excretion of carbon dioxide by the lungs slows down, creating a state of hypercapnia;
Non-gas acidosis - is caused by the accumulation of metabolic products or their intake from the gastrointestinal tract (alimentary acidosis);
Primary renal acidosis - is a violation of reabsorption in the renal tubules with the loss of a large amount of alkali.

Gas alkalosis - occurs with increased release of CO2 by the lungs (altitude sickness, hyperventilation), forms a state of hypocapnia;
Non-gas alkalosis - develops with an increase in alkaline reserves due to the intake of bases with food (alimentary) or in connection with a change in metabolism (metabolic).

Of course, it is most likely impossible to restore the acid-base balance in acute conditions on your own, but at other times, when the pH is almost at the limit, and the person doesn’t seem to be in any pain, the entire responsibility falls on the patient himself.

Products that are considered harmful, as well as cigarettes and alcohol, are usually the main cause of changes in the acidity of the blood, although a person does not know about this, unless it comes to acute pathological conditions.

You can lower or increase the pH of the blood with the help of a diet, but we should not forget: as soon as a person switches back to his favorite lifestyle, the pH values \u200b\u200bwill take their previous levels.

Thus, maintaining the acid-base balance requires constant work on oneself, recreational activities, balanced nutrition and correct mode Otherwise, all short-term work will be in vain.

pH standards

● neutral at pH = 7

● acidic at pH< 7

● alkaline at pH > 7

If the pH level of urine fluctuates between 6.0-6.4 in the morning and 6.4-7.0 in the evening, then the body is functioning normally. The most optimal level is slightly acidic, in the range of 6.4-6.5. A urine pH value below 5.0 indicates its sharp acidity, above 7.5 - its sharply alkaline reaction.

The reaction of urine determines the possibility of stone formation: in military - in an acidic, oxalate - in a neutral acidic, phosphate - in a more alkaline environment. So, for example, uric acid stones actually never occur at a urine pH of more than 5.5, and phosphate stones never form unless the urine is alkaline. The best time to measure the pH level is 1 hour before or 2 hours after a meal.

Using the Indicator Litmus Paper pH test, you can easily, quickly and accurately monitor the response of urine to a change in the type of diet, the use of drugs or dietary supplements. Positive pH dynamics can serve as a criterion for the correctness of the chosen diet or treatment.

The acidity of urine varies greatly depending on the food taken, for example, eating plant foods increases the alkalinity of urine. The acidity of urine increases if meat food rich in proteins predominates in the human diet.

An increase in the acidity of urine is noted with increased acidity of the stomach. Reduced acidity of gastric juice does not affect the acidity of urine.

The acidity of urine changes with many diseases or conditions of the body, so the determination of its acidity is an important diagnostic factor.

The acidity of saliva depends on the rate of salivation. Typically, the acidity of mixed human saliva is 6.8-7.4 pH, but at a high rate of salivation it reaches 7.8 pH. The acidity of the saliva of the parotid glands is 5.81 pH, the submandibular glands - 6.39 pH. In children, the average acidity of mixed saliva is 7.32 pH.

The optimal measurement is from 10 am to 12 pm. It is better to measure it on an empty stomach, two hours before or two hours after a meal. Salivation is reduced in the evening hours and at night.

To increase salivation, in order to increase the pH of the saliva, it is good if there is a piece of lemon on the plate, it even increases salivation with visual perception. Food should look appetizing, served on beautiful dishes, appetizingly decorated with greens and / or / vegetables, should, as they say, please the eye! Not only saliva flows, but also juices in the body, preparing for the process of digesting food. This is the psychic phase of digestive secretion.

Acid gastroesophageal and pharyngolaryngeal refluxes reaching the oral cavity play a leading role in the occurrence of oral pathology. As a result of the ingress of hydrochloric acid, the acidity of the mixed saliva decreases below pH 7.0. Saliva, which normally has alkaline properties, at low pH, especially at values of 6.2-6.0, leads to focal demineralization of tooth enamel with the appearance of erosion of hard dental tissues and the formation of cavities in them - caries. The amount of mucus on the mucous membrane increases, the gums become swollen and inflamed.

With a decrease in acidity in the oral cavity, the acidity of plaque decreases, which causes the development of caries.

Bacteria in the mouth "bloom" in the absence of air. Saliva, rich in oxygen, actively prevents their reproduction. Bad smell from the mouth appears when the flow of saliva slows down, for example, in a dream. Excitement, hunger, uttering a long monologue, breathing through the mouth (for example, with a cold), stress - dry oral cavity, leading to a decrease in the pH of saliva. A decrease in saliva flow inevitably occurs with age.

You can connect a slightly alkaline mouth rinse with water with the addition of soda and also taking it inside between meals, proposed by Professor Ogulov A.T. – solution pH 7.4-8. Rinsing the mouth with soda water occurs with various inflammatory diseases gums and teeth and general acidification body (instead of soda water, you can use "living" water / catholyte / - approx.).

You can set the desired pH of the water for rinsing or ingestion using litmus indicator paper. There can be no recipes with the right proportions, because. Water in each region has its own, having its own pH. Therefore, it is necessary to have indicator paper on hand.

The normal acidity of a woman's vagina ranges from 3.8 to 4.4 pH and averages 4.0-4.2 pH.

For maintaining acid environment and growth suppression conditionally pathogenic microorganisms lactobacilli (lactobacilli) and, to a lesser extent, other representatives of the normal microflora are responsible in the vagina. In the treatment of many gynecological diseases, the restoration of the population of lactobacilli and normal acidity comes to the fore.

The normal level of semen acidity is between 7.2 and 8.0 pH. Deviations from these values are not in themselves considered pathological. At the same time, in combination with other deviations, it may indicate the presence of a disease.

An increase in the pH level of sperm occurs during an infectious process. A sharply alkaline reaction of sperm (acidity of approximately 9.0-10.0 pH) indicates a pathology of the prostate gland.

When blocked excretory ducts both seminal vesicles marked acid reaction of sperm (acidity 6.0-6.8 pH).

The fertilizing ability of such sperm is reduced. In an acidic environment, spermatozoa lose their mobility and die. If the acidity of the seminal fluid becomes less than 6.0 pH, the spermatozoa completely lose their mobility and die.

Acidity in the stomach. High and low acidity

The maximum theoretically possible acidity in the stomach is 0.86 pH.

The minimum theoretically possible acidity in the stomach is 8.3 pH.

Normal acidity in the lumen of the body of the stomach on an empty stomach is 1.5-2.0 pH.

The acidity on the surface of the epithelial layer facing the lumen of the stomach is 1.5-2.0 pH.

Acidity in the depth of the epithelial layer of the stomach is about 7.0 pH. Normal acidity in the antrum of the stomach is 1.3-7.4 pH.

The cause of many diseases of the digestive tract is an imbalance in the processes of acid production and acid neutralization. Prolonged hypersecretion of hydrochloric acid or insufficiency of acid neutralization, and, as a result, increased acidity in the stomach and / or duodenum, causes the so-called acid-dependent diseases. Currently, these include: peptic ulcer of the stomach and duodenum, gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), erosive and ulcerative lesions of the stomach and duodenum while taking aspirin or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, gastritis and gastroduodenitis with high acidity and others.

Decreased acidity is observed with anacid or hypoacid gastritis or gastroduodenitis, as well as with stomach cancer. Gastritis (gastroduodenitis) is called anacid or gastritis (gastroduodenitis) with low acidity, if the acidity in the body of the stomach is approximately 5 or more pH units. The cause of low acidity is often the atrophy of parietal cells in the mucous membrane or a violation in their functions.

Normal acidity in the duodenal bulb is 5.6-7.9 pH. The acidity in the jejunum and ileum is neutral or slightly alkaline and ranges from 7 to 8 pH. The acidity of the juice of the small intestine is 7.2-7.5 pH. With increased secretion, it reaches 8.6 pH. The acidity of the secretion of the duodenal glands is from pH 7 to 8 pH.

The acidity of pancreatic juice is from 7.5 to 9 pH.

The acidity of the juice of the colon is 8.5-9.0 pH.

AT lower sections In the colon, pH values of acidity gradually increase, reaching a maximum pH value in the region of the rectosigmoid junction.

The acidity of feces is normal from 6.0 to 8.0 pH.

The acidity of meconium (original feces of newborns) is about 6 pH.

Acidity of human breast milk – 6.9-7.5 pH

The acidity of human arterial blood plasma ranges from 7.37 to 7.43 pH, averaging 7.4 pH. Acid-base balance in human blood is one of the most stable parameters, maintaining acidic and alkaline components in a certain balance within very narrow limits. Even a slight shift from these limits can lead to severe pathology. When shifted to the acid side, a condition called acidosis occurs, and to the alkaline side - alkalosis. A change in blood acidity above 7.8 pH or below 6.8 pH is incompatible with life.

Normal blood revitalizes lymphatic cells capable of destroying tumor cells. There are many lymphatic cells in the human body (eg NK cells, LAK cells). Their uniqueness lies in the fact that they are able to distinguish normal cells from diseased and affected ones, and destroy the latter. This is the function of the immune system of the human body. The greatest activity of lymphatic cells in the destruction of diseased cells is manifested at pH 7.4. However, usually around the affected cells there is more acidic environment, which inhibits the activity of lymphocytes, which work best at slightly alkaline pH. By using food products, which have an alkalizing effect, it is possible to correct the pH balance within 0.5 units, creating a favorable environment for the action of lymphocytes and the destruction of affected or abnormally built cells.

A cancerous tumor is more acidic than normal tissue, and the body protects it with a fibrous sheath, which has an alkaline pH. If you continue to apply an acidic diet, the shell dissolves, and cancer cells released outside.

When the body is acidified, it is advisable to arrange treatment days for yourself once a week, eating only vegetables (1.5 kg of vegetables, divided for the whole day), boiled and sometimes raw in summer, only heat-treated in autumn-winter) and be sure clean hot water.

Essential for support normal level The pH of the body also has a person's mood - a good cheerful mood normalizes the acid-base balance. Laugh more!

Indicator litmus paper provides a quick and economical way to measure the pH (hydrogen index) of any required liquid and liquid mixtures (urine, saliva, feces, semen, vaginal acidity, breast milk, solutions, water, drinks, etc.).

Litmus paper is necessary both in the family and for a specialist conducting a patient study, applicable in chemical laboratories, used for research activities.

In chemistry, there are substances that have the ability to change their color in the presence of acids and alkalis. These substances are called indicators and are used to determine the reaction medium. The environment can be acidic, alkaline and neutral. These substances are impregnated with filter paper.

Litmus is a coloring matter extracted from certain types of lichen. Its composition is complex. Litmus is a weak acid used to impregnate paper.

On the roll, you can tear off any amount of paper you need by pulling on its tip, located in the plastic dispenser. It is necessary to dip a narrow strip of paper into the required solution for two to three seconds. Compare with the supplied color chart and calculate the values.

/ LECTURE Acid-base balance of blood in normal and pathological conditions

BLOOD ACID-BASE EQUILIBRIUM IN NORM AND IN PATHOLOGY

Professor M.I. BAKANOV

Scientific Center for Children's Health of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences Moscow

One of the most important conditions for the vital activity of an organism is the constancy of the concentration of hydrogen ions in the extracellular space and in cells - the acid-base state (CBS) or acid-base balance (COR). In other words, COR is the relative constancy of the reaction of the internal environment of the body, quantitatively characterized by the concentration of hydrogen ions (protons).

The average normal concentration of hydrogen ions in blood plasma is 40 nmol/l, which corresponds to pH 7.4.

The constancy of the pH of the internal environment of the body is due to the joint action of the buffer systems of the blood and tissues and a number of physiological mechanisms (the activity of the lungs and the excretory function of the kidneys).

Buffer properties, i.e. the ability to counteract changes in the pH of a solution when acids or bases are added to it, have mixtures consisting of a weak acid and its salt with a strong base or a weak base with a salt of a strong acid. The buffer system in the body is a conjugated acid-base pair, consisting of a donor and an acceptor of hydrogen ions (protons).

The functioning of the buffer pair is described by the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation, which relates the pH value to the dissociation constant of any acid (CA):

PH = pKA + lg [proton acceptor]/[proton donor]

The most important buffer systems of blood are: bicarbonate, hemoglobin, protein and phosphate.

The bicarbonate buffer system is a fairly powerful system of extracellular fluid and blood. The share of bicarbonate buffer accounts for 10% of the total buffer capacity of the blood. This bicarbonate system is a conjugated acid-base pair, consisting of a carbonic acid molecule (H 2 CO 3), which acts as a proton donor, and a bicarbonate anion (HCO -) - a base, which acts as a proton acceptor. Using the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation for this buffer system, the pH value can be expressed in terms of the dissociation constant of carbonic acid (pKH 2 CO 3) and the decimal logarithm of the ratio of the concentrations of HCO 3 ions - and undissociated H 2 CO 3 molecules: RI = pKH 2 CO 3 + lg ( [HCO 3 -]/[H 2 CO 3])

At normal blood pH (7.4), the concentration of HCO 3 - bicarbonate ions in plasma is about 20 times higher than the concentration of H 2 CO 3 (or dissolved carbon dioxide CO 2).

The mechanism of action of this system is that when relatively large amounts of acidic products are released into the blood, hydrogen ions (H+) interact with bicarbonate ions (HCO 3 -) to form weakly dissociating carbonic acid H 2 CO 3 . The decrease in the concentration of the latter is achieved by accelerated removal of CO 2 through the lungs as a result of their hyperventilation. When the number of bases in the blood increases, they, interacting with weak carbonic acid, form bicarbonate ions and water; no noticeable shifts in the pH value occur. In addition, physiological mechanisms of COR regulation are involved in maintaining a normal ratio between the components of the bicarbonate buffer system: a certain amount of CO 2 is retained in the blood plasma as a result of a decrease in ventilation (hypoventilation) of the lungs.

The second place in importance after the bicarbonate buffer system is occupied by the hemoglobin-oxyhemoglobin buffer system. Last plays important role in the regulation of the ratio of hemoglobin (weak base) -oxyhemoglobin (weak acid), as well as in the conversion of dissolved carbonic acid into carbon dioxide and its excretion through the lungs. The functions of this system depend on the concentration of hemoglobin in the blood and on the intake of sufficient quantities oxygen: with anemia and hypoxia, its power decreases sharply.

In erythrocytes, there is a mechanism for saving bases for the body, known as the Ambourge effect. It consists in the fact that carbon dioxide formed in tissues is converted into carbonic acid (H 2 CO 3) in erythrocytes. In turn, H 2 CO 3 dissociates into the H + ion and the HCO 3 anion - under the influence of the enzyme carbonic anhydrase (carbon anhydrase) of erythrocytes. In this case, the hydrogen ion is captured by buffer systems inside the cell (hemoglobin, phosphates), and the bicarbonate anion returns to the blood plasma, exchanging for the chloride anion entering the erythrocyte (according to the so-called Donnan equilibrium). In erythrocytes, the chloride anion binds to the potassium cation. In the lungs, the resulting oxyhemoglobin binds a significant part of the potassium, as a result of which the chloride anion is displaced outside the erythrocyte and binds to the sodium cation released when carbon dioxide is removed. As a result, there is an active formation and retention in the body of the anion HCO 3 - (base) and the removal of carbonic acid.

It should be emphasized that the degree of oxygen binding to hemoglobin significantly depends on the shifts in the pH of the blood plasma: when it shifts to the acid side (acidosis, pH decreases), the affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen decreases and, accordingly, the saturation of hemoglobin with oxygen decreases; when the pH shifts to the alkaline side (alkalosis, increases), an inverse relationship takes place: the affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen and its saturation with oxygen increase. This pattern is called the Bohr effect.

The protein buffer system is less important for the maintenance of COR in blood plasma than other buffer systems. Proteins have buffering properties due to the presence of acid-base groups in the protein molecule: protein-H + (acid, proton donor) and protein- (conjugate base, proton acceptor). This blood plasma buffer system is effective in the pH range of 7.2-7.4.

The phosphate buffer system is a conjugated acid-base pair consisting of monosubstituted and disubstituted orthophosphate (NaH 2 PO 4: Na 2 HPO 4), in which the first component is an H + ion donor (acid), and the second is a proton acceptor (base). The buffering action of the phosphate system is based on the possibility of binding hydrogen and hydroxide ions. Organic phosphates also have buffer properties, but their power is weaker than inorganic phosphate buffer. The functioning of this buffer system is closely related to the involvement of the kidneys in the regulation of COR. Hydrogen ions are actively secreted into the urine by the tubular epithelium, and this process restores the physiological balance in the phosphate buffer system and ensures the predominance of disubstituted sodium in the blood flowing from the kidneys. The excesses of hydrogen ions removed in this way constitute the so-called. titratable acidity of urine. Anions of strong acids are excreted together with the NH 4 + cation, which is formed from ammonia and hydrogen in the kidneys. This process is called ammoniogenesis and also aims to remove excess hydrogen ions. The renal regulation of COR thus includes the production and removal of ammonium ions, the secretion of hydrogen ions, as well as the conservation of bicarbonate anion (bicarbonate anions from primary urine are almost completely absorbed in the renal tubules).

Sensitive electrodes are used to study blood COR indicators. direct measurement pH and partial tension of carbon dioxide, as well as a micro-Astrup device and domestic devices AZIF, AKOR, which make it possible to determine the pH of capillary blood at various partial tensions of oxygen (PO 2) and carbon dioxide or carbon dioxide (PCO 2). With the help of these devices and the corresponding Sigaard-Andersen nomograms, a number of parameters are determined that characterize the violations of the COR of the blood and the degree of their compensation.

blood pH (an indicator of the concentration of hydrogen ions). The boundaries of this indicator, compatible with life, are as follows: from 6.8 to 7.8. Normally, blood pH fluctuates within narrow limits: from 7.35 to 7.45; pH below 7.35 indicates a significant predominance of acidic metabolic products (acidosis); A pH above 7.45 indicates excessive base accumulation (alkalosis). In others biological fluids and in cells, the pH may have other values: for example, in erythrocytes, the pH is normally 7.19 ± 0.02. The indicator of hydrogen ions reflects only the general direction of shifts in the blood cortex, while the type of these disorders (respiratory or metabolic) can be assessed only on the basis of a set of the following indicators.

The partial tension of carbon dioxide in the blood (PCO 2) is normally 40 mm on average. rt. Art. (5.3 kPa). An increase in this parameter indicates respiratory acidosis associated with depression respiratory function lungs; this is often combined with a compensatory bicarbonate rise. A decrease in RCO 2 (and often a simultaneous compensatory fall in bicarbonates) indicates the presence of respiratory alkalosis, which is most often observed with hyperventilation of the lungs.

Buffer bases (BB) - a total indicator of the content of bicarbonate ions and anions of protein and hemoglobin. Physiological fluctuations of this indicator - from 31.8 to 65.0 mmol / l. Its definition reveals the degree of shift of the COR due to "metabolic" changes in the tissues.

Basis excess (BE) - a parameter indicating an excess of bases (positive values) or their deficit (negative values). Normally, the fluctuation limits of this indicator are as follows: from (3.26 ± 0.4 to -0.98 ± 0.2 mmol / l. An increase in BE indicates the development of metabolic alkalosis, and a decrease to negative values(up to -20 mmol / l) - about the presence of metabolic acidosis.

Standard bicarbonates (SB) - the concentration of bicarbonates in blood plasma, balanced at RCO 2 equal to 40 mm Hg. Art., and at a partial tension of oxygen in the blood, providing full saturation of hemoglobin with oxygen.

True or actual bicarbonates (AB) - an indicator corresponding to the concentration of bicarbonates in the blood taken without contact with air at a temperature of 38 ° C. In healthy individuals, the content of topical bicarbonates and standard bicarbonates (SB) is approximately identical and ranges from 18.5 to 26.0 mmol/L.

The partial tension of oxygen in the blood (RO 2) ranges normally from 90 to 100 mm Hg. Art. (12.0-13.3 kPa). Shifts in this indicator can be due to both changes in the respiratory function of the blood and disorders of tissue metabolism (in particular, tissue or histotoxic hypoxia).

Insolvency compensatory mechanisms organism in preventing shifts in the concentration of hydrogen ions leads to various violations KOR. Depending on the mechanisms of development of these disorders, respiratory acidosis (or alkalosis) and metabolic acidosis (or alkalosis) are distinguished.

Respiratory acidosis occurs due to hypoventilation of the lungs (with bronchial asthma, pneumonia, circulatory disorders with stagnation in the small circle, pulmonary edema, emphysema, atelectasis of the lungs, depression respiratory center under the influence of a number of toxins and drugs such as morphine, etc.). As a result, hypercapnia is observed, i.e. increased PCO 2 arterial blood; at the same time, the content of H 2 CO 3 in the blood plasma increases, which, in turn, leads to a compensatory increase in bicarbonate ions (HCO 3 -) in the plasma (the so-called alkaline reserve of blood increases). Simultaneously with a decrease in blood pH in respiratory acidosis, the excretion of free and bound (in the form of ammonium salts) acids with urine increases.

Respiratory alkalosis occurs with hyperventilation of the lungs (when inhaling pure oxygen, compensatory shortness of breath that accompanies a number of diseases, including neurotoxic syndrome, infectious viral conditions). In this case, due to the rapid removal of CO 2 from the body, hypocapnia develops, i.e. decrease in RCO 2 in arterial blood (less than 35 mm Hg); a decrease in the content of carbonic acid in the arterial blood is accompanied by a decrease in bicarbonates in the blood plasma (the alkaline reserve of the blood decreases), since part of them is converted into carbonic acid compensatory. Although this mechanism is often insufficient to compensate for the decrease in the content of H 2 CO 3 . With respiratory alkalosis, there is a decrease in the acidity of urine and the content of ammonia in it.

Metabolic acidosis, the most common form of COR disorders, is caused by the accumulation of organic acids in tissues and blood. It occurs with diabetes mellitus (an increase in ketone bodies - beta-hydroxybutyric and acetoacetic acids), malnutrition, starvation, fever, toxic conditions, renal glomerular insufficiency, cardiovascular insufficiency, hereditary and acquired forms of pyelonephritis, hypoaldosteronism, adrenogenital syndrome with loss salt, diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, shock conditions. With metabolic acidosis, the acidity of urine and the content of ammonia in it are increased.

Metabolic alkalosis can develop as a result of the loss of a large number of acid equivalents (for example, this happens with uncontrollable vomiting, gastrointestinal disorders) and increased intake from the gastrointestinal tract of substances that have not been neutralized by acidic gastric juice and have basic properties, as well as with the accumulation of such agents in tissues (in particular, with tetany) and in cases of excessive and uncontrolled administration of alkaline solutions to correct metabolic acidosis . With metabolic alkalosis, the content of bicarbonate (HCO 3 -) in the plasma increases and, consequently, the alkaline reserve of the blood increases. As a compensation for metabolic alkalosis, one should consider the resulting hypercapnia as a result of a decrease in the excitability of the respiratory center under conditions of elevated pH and, accordingly, a decrease in the respiratory rate. This type of COR disorder is accompanied by a decrease in the acidity of urine and the content of ammonia in it.

In practice, isolated forms of respiratory or metabolic disorders of the COR are rare: most often they occur in combination. So, for example, mixed acidosis is the result of a change in both "metabolic" and "respiratory" indicators; such violations of the COR are often observed in bronchopulmonary pathology.

If the pH values remain within the normal range for various changes in blood COR, such changes in COR can be considered compensated; if the pH value is outside the normal range, then COR violations can be either partially compensated or uncompensated (depending on the degree of pH deviation).

Without dwelling in detail on the issues of correction of disorders of the COR in the blood, it should be noted that alkaline solutions (sodium bicarbonate, trisamine, etc.) are used to neutralize acidotic changes in the COR; on the contrary, solutions containing acidic valences (hydrochloric acid or salt, etc.). It is important that the correction of the COR should be carried out under strict control of changes in the indicators of acid-base balance.

Indicators of acid-base balance and gases in the blood are normal

LIMITS OF VARIATIONS OF INDICATORS

pH CONCENTRATION OF HYDROGEN IONS

BB BUFFER BASES

BE EXCESS OR DEFICIENCY OF BASES

AV TRUE BICARBONATES

SB STANDARD BICARBONATES

PCO 2 CO 2 PARTIAL VOLTAGE

RO 2 PARTIAL VOLTAGE OF OXYGEN

Note. *- I mm Hg. Art. = 0.133 kPa

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How to find out the pH factor of human blood. What foods increase blood acidity. Normal test scores

What is the ph level

What do the data in the analyzes mean?

If the acidity in the blood is increased

Norms

How to pass the analysis

Deciphering the analysis

Causes of alkalosis

Acidosis

How to determine at home

What else affects pH

Conclusion

Acidity of human blood (pH)

Why do you need to know this indicator

Acidity rates

Blood test for acidity and preparation for it

Determination of the acidity index in the laboratory

Alkalosis and its causes

Acidosis and its causes

Determination of acidity at home

Ways to normalize acidity

Food

How to be treated

How to determine blood pH?

Features of blood chemistry

Determination of chemical balance

Indicator values

How to check the acidity of the human body at home?

All categories

How to check the acid-base balance of the body (blood pH) at home?

How to check the acid-base balance (blood pH)?

How to check the pH of blood, urine and saliva at home?

Determination of blood pH using an electronic device.

Determination of the pH of blood, urine and saliva using indicator paper.

Determination of blood pH by measuring lower pressure and pulse.

Determination of blood pH by the color of the conjunctiva (according to the system of V. Karavaev).

Special tests to check the body's pH (blood pH) at home.

Test No. 1 (on black coffee without sugar and without milk).

Test No. 2 (with a soft-boiled egg).

Test No. 3 (with a paper bag).

Test No. 4 (increased breathing).

Test No. 5 (breathing through the left and right nostrils).

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Acid-base balance of the body (pH balance) or acid-base balance (ABR)

How to check the acid-base balance of the body (blood pH) at home? : 2 comments

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Norm

How to pass the analysis

Deciphering indicators

At home

What else affects pH

Norms

How to pass the analysis

Deciphering the analysis

Causes of alkalosis

Acidosis

How to determine at home

What else affects pH

Conclusion

pH (acidity) of the blood: what is it, the norm in the blood test, how it is regulated, when it changes

Blood buffer systems

How do systems work?

Main buffer system

Hemoglobin and other buffer systems

pH in arterial and venous blood, plasma and serum

acidosis and alkalosis

pH standards

/ LECTURE Acid-base balance of blood in normal and pathological conditions