Polycystic liver disease treatment example from patients. Surgically, cysts are removed in several ways. Diagnosis and treatment

The liver is the largest gland in the body, performing many functions, so any pathology that disrupts its activity negatively affects all organs and systems. Polycystic liver disease is considered a severe hereditary disease.

This problem is faced by residents of all countries, regardless of their economic development and the standard of living of the population. The incidence of the disease is 1 case per 100 thousand people. Compared to stronger half of mankind, women who have crossed the 40-year mark are 5 times more likely to suffer from this disease.

The prognosis of the disease in the complication stage is unfavorable. Multiple neoplasms in the organ, the volumes of which increase with time, lead to (PKN), coma and death, if you do not seek medical help in a timely manner.

The only salvation for such victims is liver transplantation. But it is not available to every patient. Therefore, you need to know how the pathology manifests itself in order to start treatment on time.

A rather rare pathology, characterized by the presence of multiple cavity formations in the parenchyma, is hepatic polycystic disease. In the process of its development, not only hepatocytes and parenchyma suffer. Almost every second patient is faced with polycystic kidney disease. In rare cases, an aneurysm of the cerebral vessels and pathology of the heart valves occur.

The disease is laid down in the embryonic period. Mutated genes contribute to the uncontrolled growth of biliary tissues and the expansion of the hepatic lobes in the fetus. When the division of sebaceous cells fails, fluid begins to accumulate, forming a cystic cavity.

Children with PCOS are born with small cysts, which are like time bombs, waiting in the wings to enlarge. As a rule, problems begin when the patient reaches the age of 30.

Since there are no nerve endings in the liver, it does not give alarm signals, which means that the cysts quietly increase, replacing undamaged tissues. When neighboring organs and urinary canals are compressed due to enlarged ones, the first signs appear. Cystic formation can burst, become infected, fester. All these pathological processes correspond to certain symptoms.

Causes, development factors

In a third of cases, the disease is associated with a mutation in the SEC63 and RKCSH genes. Otherwise, the study of the causes of the disease continues, and experts still do not know why it develops. Presumably, the pathology is provoked by gene mutations of other molecules. The mother or father can be the carrier of the abnormal gene, and the disease itself is transmitted from them to the child.

The main factors for the occurrence of pathology are:

Polycystic disease does not develop in all people with a similar gene mutation. Sometimes the pathology, bypassing the parents, affects the child, causing the formation of multiple cystic cavities in his liver.

Types and stages of pathology

According to the severity of symptoms, it is divided into:

isolated, when cysts affect only the liver parenchyma;
widespread, in which adjacent organs suffer.

Cysts are distinguished depending on the volume:

small (up to 1 cm);
medium (1-3 cm);
large (3-10 cm);
huge (10 or more).

Among the most impressive formations, a 25 cm cyst was recorded. The initial signs of pathology are characterized by:

malaise;
loss of strength;
distraction;
reduced performance;
nervousness;
depression;
cephalgia;
dizziness;
nausea.

In the future, the following symptoms unfold:

loss of appetite;
flatulence;
vomiting after eating;
heartburn, hiccups;
diarrhea or constipation;
an increase in the volume of the abdomen;
pain in the hypochondrium on the right;
pain in the stomach and heart area;
puffiness.

PCN is characterized by:

yellowing of the dermis and sclera of the eyes;
itching, spider veins on the skin;
deformation of the fingers with a significant thickening of the nail plate;
redness of the palms;
hepatic encephalopathy.

Acute complications with suppuration or rupture of cysts are manifested in:

The cystic capsule in the liver ruptures when it reaches a certain size. Vascular walls can no longer withstand constant load and pressure. As a result, the most weakened vessel bursts and bleeding occurs.

Choice of method of therapy

Treatment of hepatic polycystic disease is long and difficult. The treatment of the disease is approached comprehensively, i.e. use all available methods: medicines, surgery, folk recipes, diet food. To select the optimal treatment regimen, the specialist offers the patient to undergo a complete examination.

Diagnostics

To understand whether there is inflammation in the liver parenchyma, and whether PCN develops, the specialist sends the patient for a general blood and urine test. The following indicators are evaluated:

erythrocytes and their sedimentation rate;
reticulocytes;
hemoglobin;
leukocytes;
platelets.

For urinalysis important indicators are:

specific gravity;
alkaline reaction;
presence of protein epithelial tissue, leukocytes.

Then the blood is examined for biochemical parameters:

total protein;
albumen;
glucose;
urea;
fibrinogen;
lactate dehydrogenase;
creatinine.

Liver tests are done for:

total and direct bilirubin;
transaminases;
alkaline phosphatase.

Coagulogram and lipidogram are prescribed by a doctor to assess the state of blood clotting and its lipid spectrum. Next, the victim is sent to:

ultrasound examination;
computed or magnetic resonance imaging of the liver.

If a instrumental diagnostics revealed the presence of a cystic cavity or multiple cysts in the liver, the diagnosis of "hepatic polycystic" is confirmed. The patient necessarily consults with narrow specialists: a gastroenterologist, a nephrologist, a surgeon.

Traditional Approaches

Drug therapy for liver pathology is aimed at maximizing the reduction and elimination of symptomatic manifestations:

Acute complications and the development of PCN are direct indications for surgical intervention. If polycystic disease has led to suppuration of the contents or rupture of the cystic capsule, a cyst resection is performed. If PCN has occurred, then the patient needs a donor liver transplant.

When liver cysts are small, they try to slow down their growth with dietary nutrition, folk recipes, vitamins, medicines. If the cystic formation is large, doctors resort to surgical intervention, since any injury to the abdomen is fraught with its rupture.

Alternative treatment

Folk recipes help to alleviate the condition, support the liver and relieve unpleasant symptoms:

Health food

Diet plays an important role in the treatment of many diseases, including polycystic liver disease. Patients are allowed to include in the daily diet:

lean varieties meat and fish;
low-fat dairy products;
cereals;
pasta;
eggs;
vegetable and butter;
vegetables, not sour berries and fruits;
compotes, teas, still water;
hard cookie.

With liver pathology, the menu is categorically excluded:

fatty meat and fish;
dairy products With a high percentage fat content;
smoked meats;
marinades;
canned food;
mayonnaise, ketchup, mustard;
offal;
legumes;
coffee, alcohol, energy drinks, carbonated sweet water;
baking;
fried, sweet dough;
chocolate.

Prevention

Since science does not yet know how to deal with gene mutations in cells, there are no preventive ways to protect against the disease. After all, the disease is formed even in the mother's womb during the formation of the internal organs of the baby.

But you can slow down the growth of cystic cavities in the liver using the recommendations of specialists:

eat right and balanced;
give up bad habits;
fully rest;
avoid stress;
do not ignore preventive examinations;
take prescribed hepatoprotectors, vitamin and mineral complexes;
you need to protect yourself from exposure to chemicals;
visit more often fresh air, do sport.

Complications and prognosis

If the liver is not treated, the disease can lead to:

After removal of the cystic capsule from the liver, patients often give favorable prognosis. If the case is severe, a relapse may occur. Then healing procedures repeat. It has been proven that the liver is capable of regeneration, which means that with proper treatment, a person can hope for a full recovery.

Consider the feedback from patients about the consequences of pathology:

Ivanna: “10 years ago I had an operation. right share removed due to large cyst. The liver gradually recovered, but when the last time it was checked, multiple cystic formations. Now the question is about further treatment.

Maria Ignatievna:“The first symptoms appeared 11 years ago. Doctors could not put correct diagnosis, so at random began to treat the kidneys. All this time, I drank antibiotics twice a year, until one day I was taken away from work by an ambulance with an acute attack.

An accurate diagnosis was made when the kidneys were examined, and polycystic disease with metastases was found. Now I am strictly on a diet, I take milk thistle powder, I try to move more and live full life. My state of health during dietary nutrition at first worsened. Constantly felt a breakdown, drowsiness. But when the body got used to it, I felt a surge of strength and vigor. I hope the second ultrasound will please me.”

Polycystic liver is often combined with multiple cysts in other organs.

As a rule, this condition of the liver is congenital, for a long time does not bother the patient and is found already in adulthood.

Varieties of cysts

The liver is the largest gland in human body. The organ is considered part of the digestive system, since digestion is hardly possible without its participation, however, in addition to this task, it performs many others in the body, which multiplies its importance.

For digestion, iron produces bile, some hormones and enzymes, participates in carbohydrate and fat metabolism, neutralizes poisons that have entered the body from the outside, and toxins produced by the body itself in various chemical reactions.

The liver produces essential blood proteins, immune and lymphatic cells. This is a kind of blood bank, which is stored in the body, and in case of emergency it is released into the bloodstream.

The formation of cysts in the body (parenchyma) of the liver - fluid-filled cavities - are characterized by two severe forms helminthiases: alveococcosis and echinococcosis.

Subsequently, the cyst may remain connected to the bile duct, then it is called associated. Cysts not united with ducts are called autonomous.

False liver cysts are the result of mechanical injuries and are formed from hematomas. The difference between true cysts and false in the inner epithelial lining and yellowish-brown fluid inside, which may be clear or cloudy.

They speak of polycystic liver disease if several true autonomous cysts are found in the organ.

Polycystic liver disease is often, but not always, associated with cysts in the kidneys and pancreas. Polycystic kidney disease is always associated with cysts in the liver.

Polycystic liver and kidney disease genetic disease, feature which is the degeneration of the parenchyma of organs.

Patients with polycystic kidney disease develop kidney failure over time. The disease has two varieties, which differ in the type of inheritance.

Autosomal recessive is considered a childhood disease, in most cases it is transmitted from parents, but in 10% of cases, cysts form as a result of spontaneous genetic mutations.

The autosomal dominant form usually occurs in adults between the ages of 30 and 50. This is one of the most common genetic diseases.

Causes and features of polycystic diseases

Causes of polycystic liver, pancreas and kidneys in the same genetic mutations.

Cysts are round in shape, have a different size, are located on the surface of the liver, sometimes dotting it all, and sometimes even hanging down.

The fluid inside the cysts is composed of albumin, bile acids and pigments, and cholesterol. Sometimes it includes fatty acid and blood components.

In a newborn, cysts are tiny and do not cause any discomfort. Over the years, they grow, which is why the size of the liver exceeds the norm, the organ becomes more dense.

In the vast majority of cases, polycystic liver disease is diagnosed after 30 years, sometimes much later.

The following symptoms lead to the detection of polycystic liver disease:

feeling of fullness in the right hypochondrium;
asymmetrical enlargement of the abdomen, visible to the naked eye;
mild discomfort, up to low-intensity pain in the upper right side of the abdomen;
cysts located near the bile ducts compress them, which can cause paroxysmal pain in the right side and periodic jaundice.

In women, polycystic liver disease is several times more likely than in men, and cysts after childbirth, as a rule, increase in size.

By itself, polycystic liver disease is not dangerous, because pathological process does not affect hepatocytes, liver cells, therefore, the functions of the organ are not violated.

However, complications of polycystic disease are fraught with serious consequences. Firstly, if the diameter of the formation exceeds 6-7 cm, then the risk of its rupture is high, especially in case of injury. This opens the bleeding abdominal cavity.

Secondly, the cyst can fester and even malignantly degenerate.

92% of patients with polycystic liver disease do not experience serious manifestations of the disease, but the remaining 8% can experience the full beauty of polycystic liver disease.

Most of the problems and symptoms are associated with an increase in the size of the liver. AT rare cases the disease disrupts the functions of the liver, in particular the ability of the body to process excess estrogen.

If a patient with polycystic liver disease is pressed on epigastric region, located in the upper abdomen in the center, in this place there will be discomfort nausea and even vomiting may occur.

With polycystic, one should be prepared for rupture of the cyst and internal bleeding which is manifested by sudden severe pain.

In this case, the only possible treatment polycystic liver disease - emergency surgery.

Diagnosis and treatment

Since polycystic liver disease is almost asymptomatic, a person may not know about the problem for years. A few decades ago, the disease in most cases was detected at autopsy.

Today, quite often there is a need for ultrasound examination of the abdominal organs. The procedure is cheap, safe and affordable, so polycystic liver disease is detected much more often.

On ultrasound, the doctor can see numerous formations round shape with thin walls. Computed tomography will also show that these formations are voluminous and have a cavity inside.

Having received this data, the attending physician can make an assumption about polycystic disease. Unlike cysts, tumors do not have cavities inside and are usually much less numerous.

If the diameter of the cysts does not exceed three centimeters, then the patient is simply observed. Regular examinations designed to control the size of formations.

When they exceed 3 cm, the doctor may decide on surgical treatment - the only method available to modern medicine.

If the cysts are large, then the attending physician will insist on an operation, since any injury that is safe for healthy person, in the case of polycystic disease, it can result in a hemorrhage into the abdominal cavity, which is fraught with serious complications in the form of sepsis and even death.

Doctors may suggest several methods for treating PCOS with surgery.

Endoscopic operations are less traumatic compared to abdominal interventions and significantly reduce the duration of the recovery period.

In some cases, a cyst is punctured under ultrasound guidance.

Effective conservative treatment polycystic, including folk remedies does not yet exist, but your doctor may prescribe drugs to slow the growth of cysts (inhibitors proton pump) in combination with a special diet.

Continue clinical researches somatostatin, injections of which every 28 days reduce the size of a polycystic liver by 3 to 40%.

Living with polycystic liver disease

Life with PCL can be quite comfortable, especially if you know about your condition and take basic safety measures.

First of all, it is necessary to periodically do an ultrasound of the liver to monitor the growth of cysts.

Polycystic does not imply abandoning the usual rhythm of life, on the contrary, it is possible and even necessary to maintain optimal body weight, but one should be selective in choosing sports.

You may have to give up contact sports like wrestling or extreme sports like skiing.

A patient with polycystic disease is not a crystal vase, but one should be aware of the possibility of hemorrhage as a result of trauma and violation of the integrity of the cyst.

The diet for polycystic liver disease is extremely important and is aimed primarily at eliminating foods that promote cyst growth.

Minimize caffeinated (coffee, tea, chocolate) and dairy products, soy, flax seeds and products where they are used, fish fat(fatty foods, especially those of animal origin, should generally be limited).

The daily intake of salt should be reduced to 10 - 12 grams.

You should give up alcohol, especially beer, which, firstly, is alcohol, and, secondly, a yeast product, and yeast can also provoke the growth of cysts.

The best remedy for slowing down the growth of formations - alkaline nutrition. Usually, we are talking about products plant origin- vegetables, fruits, berries, chestnuts, some types of seeds (sunflower, pumpkin) and nuts. They can and should be used without restrictions.

Another important direction for the prevention of exacerbations of polycystic liver disease is to reduce the amount of estrogen in the body.

In addition to the normalization of nutrition and body weight, it is important to protect yourself from contact with various chemicals.

These include a number of household chemicals, for example, based on ammonia and drugs against insects. Plastic and even many hygiene products have led to a global hormonal imbalance of mankind.

Polycystic liver disease is somewhat less common than kidney cysts. The detection of the disease is weak, since the liver does not have pain receptors.

Even a serious increase in the size of the organ does not cause clinical symptoms.

Only during development liver failure the disease is detected, but the treatment is no longer effective. The main symptoms of the condition are sharp pain right hypochondrium, aggravated by turning the body or walking. A similar clinic is more similar for an attack cholelithiasis, which sometimes leads to erroneous online access.

On the early stages Ultrasound helps to detect liver cysts. Echogenic formations from 18 to 67 mm in diameter with homogeneous internal contents - something like this is described by the doctor radiodiagnosis detected foci of polycystic disease.

Polycystic liver disease - prevalence and pathogenesis

Polycystic liver syndrome is more common in women reproductive age. The frequency of detection is 7-10% among all the representatives of the fair half.

The main cause of nosology are considered hormonal disorders. Level Up steroid hormones(genital, adrenal) provides enhanced proliferation sebaceous glands. When they do not cope with the work, there is an expansion, accumulation of fluid, a limited cavity is formed - a cyst.

Theoretically, inflammatory diseases lead to the disease. blockage excretory duct sebaceous glands contributes to the accumulation of secretion inside the formation, which leads to expansion.

The true causes of the disease have not been established. Several decades ago, polycystic liver disease was considered a rare pathology. The theory was rejected after the introduction of mass ultrasound population.

Latest scientific works found a link between the disease and insulin resistance in diabetes 2 types. Pathology is characterized by a violation of the absorption of glucose by cells during the blockade of peripheral receptors for carbohydrates by fat accumulations, the presence of genetic defects in the cell membrane.

Pathogenetic dependence between polycystic disease, type 2 diabetes, metabolic metabolism was established by American scientists. In violation of the penetration of glucose through cell membranes formed increased concentration insulin (pancreatic hormone) in the blood. Insulin resistance with hyperinsulinism causes the launch of biochemical reactions aimed at the formation of fat cells from carbohydrates.

The process worsens the course of polycystic liver and kidneys, ovaries due to the blockade of receptors on the surface of cell membranes by fat accumulations. The deposition of atherosclerotic plaques in hepatic artery disrupts the flow of blood to the organ, the severity of liver failure increases. When large cysts appear in several organs (liver, kidneys), there is a high probability of the appearance of clinical symptoms of both nosological forms, but differentiation with other diseases should be carried out.

The disease, which is an autosomal dominant pathology, accompanied by the formation of many cysts in the parenchymal tissues, is called polycystic liver disease. it chronic illness, which is laid down in the period prenatal development and is in sleep mode long time. Polycystic disease poses a threat to human life, therefore, with the manifestation of pathology, immediate treatment is necessary.

Neoplasms in liver tissues often have a genetic origin and appear gradually.

General information

Polycystic liver disease is inherited. It appears in the form a large number cyst. Prolonged absence treatment is fraught with other life-threatening consequences.

If the parents suffer from the disease, it is likely that the child will have a gene mutation during fetal development. The disease does not manifest itself and does not develop until the age of 40. Most often, the disease is diagnosed by chance during examinations. Often diagnosed with simultaneous polycystic liver and kidney or pancreas. Symptoms at first are absent or very muffled, the first signs appear when many cysts have formed on the organ.

If there are no complications and risks to life, the disease is not treated, but only observed. In addition, the only sure way to get rid of the problem is liver transplantation.

ICD-10 code: K76 Other liver diseases, cystic liver disease (congenital) (Q44.6)

Scientific research found that cystic gene mutation is more characteristic of people who live in countries with developed economies, which may be due to the following reasons:

poor air quality in big cities;
the presence in the diet of a large amount of genetically modified products;
work in conditions of hazardous production;
rare exposure to fresh air;
unbalanced diet, where there are a lot of products that contain chemical elements.

The immediate causes that can provoke the development of polyacidosis are the following factors:

Neoplasms in the liver may be due to hormonal disruptions, bad habits, injuries in the peritoneum.

problems with hormones;
addiction to alcohol;
smoking;
addiction;
overweight;
injuries of the abdominal organs;
chronic pathologies;
neoplasms of a benign or malignant nature, etc.

The development of a mutation most often occurs in the genes that are responsible for the intrahepatic bile ducts. As a result, the ducts form cavities with capsules in the organ. Polycystic disease does not occur in all patients with this gene mutation, so the parents may not manifest the pathology at all, and the child will form multiple cysts.

Usually, a newborn has cysts on the liver, but their size is too small to cause discomfort, so all external factors are not causes, but provocateurs for the development of pathology.

Prevalence and pathogenesis

Polycystic liver disease is more characteristic of women, every 7-10 female representatives are diagnosed with a pathology. In men, polycystic syndrome is diagnosed 3 times less often. It is believed that this is due large quantity steroid hormones that are actively secreted into reproductive period. These substances contribute to the growth of the tissues of the sebaceous glands, which occurs by dividing their cells. When a failure occurs in the process, fluid accumulates and a cyst forms.

A child with PCOS is born with small cysts that don't grow until a certain push. Since the liver is not endowed nerve endings no discomfort or pain occurs. Cysts grow and replace healthy tissues, simultaneously squeezing adjacent organs and the urinary tract. At this point, signs begin to appear that characterize renal failure. When the cysts grow to very large sizes, they can burst, causing bleeding. There are suppurations of cysts.

Classification

Neoplasms of the liver are extensive or local, with different size mutated tissue.

There are several classifications of polycystic liver disease. The nature clinical picture the disease is divided into:

uncomplicated polycystic;
complicated;
isolated;
widespread (to other organs).

According to the size of the formed cysts, they are distinguished:

small (up to 10 mm);
medium (up to 30 mm);
large (up to 100 mm);
giant (more than 100 mm).

Symptoms

Initially, the disease manifests itself with such signs:

drowsiness;
bad feeling;
fatigue;
depressive states;
apathy;
often dizzy and have a headache;
prostration;
nausea.

The following features are added later:

Mutations in the liver tissue provoke heartburn, digestive disorders, swelling, bloating and pain in the patient.

heartburn;
gagging;
unwillingness to eat;
big belly;
a person often hiccups;
stool disorders;
pain on the right under the ribs and in the region of the heart muscle;
pain in the solar plexus;
flatulence;
swelling of the legs;
dyspnea.

When the disease progresses and liver failure develops, the following symptoms appear:

yellowness of the skin and sclera of the eyes;
skin itches;
the appearance of stars from the vessels;
fingers change shape;
palms turn red;
mood swings, etc.

If complications of polycystic disease have begun, there may be:

chills;
heat;
protrusion of cold sweat;
vomiting with blood;
severe pallor;
an increase in the abdominal cavity;
pressure drop, etc.

Complications

There are several ways to develop polycystic liver disease, the treatment of which is not carried out properly, these are the following ailments:

The patient needs to consult a gastroenterologist. A specialist can determine the pathology, given the following family history data. Suspicion of the presence of the disease appears in such cases:

if close relatives have polycystic liver disease, the patient is less than 40 years old, he has one formation;
family history of pathology, the patient is over 40, he has 3 cysts;
relatives were not diagnosed with polycystic disease, the patient has more than 20 small cysts.

Pathology can be diagnosed using laboratory and instrumental research methods. Only after a definitive diagnosis has been made should therapy be initiated.

Treatment

Polycystic disease can be cured only by surgery. Therefore, the pathology is not treated until it poses a danger. Surgical intervention when the pathology is at an uncomplicated stage, can cause more harm than good.

more common therapeutic method is the cure pharmaceutical preparations. Often used in the treatment of folk remedies. Therapy for polycystic liver disease is aimed at stopping or slowing down the growth of cysts. An important part of therapy is dietary nutrition.

Diet and Nutrition

Multiple cystosis requires a special approach to nutrition. The diet for polycystic liver is not very strict. The diet can be varied, but there are some restrictions.

It is recommended to eat low-fat meat and fish, cereals, durum wheat pasta, low-fat milk, eggs, vegetables, etc. As with most diseases, all types of alcoholic beverages, pastries, sweets, muffins, chocolate products are prohibited. Do not drink caffeinated drinks. The presence in the diet of smoked meats, pickled foods, salty, spicy, fatty, spicy or fried foods is not recommended. It is better to refuse sour-milk products, in which a large percentage of fat.

We suggest that you read the article on the topic: "Treatment of polycystic liver disease" on our website dedicated to the treatment of the liver.

Polycystic liver disease is a hereditary, chronic liver disease characterized by the presence of multiple true cysts (a cavity filled with clear liquid, formed in the prenatal period) and leading over time to the development of hepatocellular insufficiency, hepatic coma and, as a result, to death.

The disease occurs due to gene mutation and is transmitted from parents to children. Given pathological condition widespread everywhere, but more common in the developed countries of the USA, Canada, Europe (Great Britain, France, Italy, Sweden), Asia (China, Japan) and Australia.

The incidence of polycystic liver disease is 1 case per 100,000 population. Women are approximately 3 times more likely to get sick than men. The first signs of the disease are observed at the age of 40 years and later, before that, polycystic liver disease is asymptomatic.

The prognosis for the disease is unfavorable, the presence of a large number of cysts in the liver, the size of which increases with age, leads to the development of hepatocellular insufficiency, the consequence of which is hepatic coma and ultimately death. The only way to avoid an unfavorable outcome of the disease is organ transplantation.

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Causes

On the this stage A study of the disease revealed that one third of cases of polycystic liver disease is the result of mutations in the RKCSH and SEC63 genes. The rest of the incidence of the disease at this stage of the study of the disease has not been established, but it is assumed, just as in the first variant, that other molecular defects at the gene level are involved in the pathological process.

The disease is inherited according to an autosomal dominant type, that is, it is transmitted along the first line of inheritance - from parents to children, and both the father and the mother can be the carrier of the pathological gene.

Mutations in genes lead to excessive growth of the biliary epithelium (in the future - these are the intrahepatic bile ducts) and to the expansion of the prebiliary glands (in the future - these are the hepatic lobules) during the intrauterine development of the fetus.

At the time of birth, the liver, as a rule, is already affected, the cysts in it small size and the parenchyma of the organ completely compensates for this disease, over time, the cysts begin to grow, and displace normal structure organ, because of this, the symptoms of the disease begin to increase and the phenomena of liver failure appear.

Classification

By clinical course highlight:

By type of disease are divided into:

Isolated polycystic liver disease (the presence of many cysts only in the liver);
Widespread polycystic, along with liver damage, polycystic kidneys, ovaries, etc.

Divided by size:

Small liver cysts (up to 1 cm);
Medium cysts of the liver (1 - 3 cm);
Large cysts of the liver (3 - 10 cm);
Giant liver cysts (10 - 25 cm or more).

Symptoms of polycystic liver disease

Period initial manifestations polycystic liver:

general weakness;
fatigue;
decreased attention;
disability;
increased irritability;
depression;
drowsiness;
lethargy;
headache;
dizziness;
nausea.

The period of a detailed symptomatic picture:

loss of appetite;
hiccups
heartburn;
vomiting of intestinal contents;
an increase in the size of the abdomen;
pain in the right hypochondrium;
pain in the stomach;
flatulence of the intestine;
diarrhea or constipation;
pain in the region of the heart;
dyspnea;
swelling of the lower extremities.

The period of occurrence of hepatocellular insufficiency:

jaundice (yellowing of the skin and visible mucous membranes);
itching of the skin;
telangiectasia ( spider veins) on the skin;
change in the shape of the fingers by type drumsticks when the nail bed thickens and flattens;
palmar erythema (reddening of the palms);
hepatic encephalopathy, accompanied by a personality disorder:
- disorientation in space and time;
- drowsiness, followed by bouts of irritation or violence;
- lack of perception of other people;
- memory loss;
- stupor;
- hepatic coma.

In the presence of acute complications polycystic liver disease (bleeding or suppuration of cysts) appears:

increase in body temperature;
chills;
cold sweat;
fever;
indomitable vomiting with an admixture of blood;
increased heart rate;
a sharp decrease in blood pressure;
pallor of the skin;
the presence of ascites (free fluid inside the abdominal cavity);
hemoperitoneum (blood in the abdominal cavity);
board-shaped abdomen (tension of the muscles of the anterior abdominal wall);
sharp pain in the abdominal cavity;
delay in passing gases and stools;
short-term loss of consciousness.

Diagnostics

Laboratory research methods

Such methods are not specific for polycystic liver disease, since changes in the analyzes can only be used to judge the presence of an inflammatory liver disease and the development of hepatocellular insufficiency - this is the initial stage of the examination.

General blood analysis:

General urine analysis:

Biochemical blood test:

Liver tests:

Coagulogram (blood clotting):

Lipidogram (the amount of cholesterol and its fractions in the blood):

Instrumental research methods

The second stage of the diagnosis of the disease are instrumental research methods that allow you to establish an accurate diagnosis:

Ultrasound of the liver;
CT (computed tomography) of the liver;
MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) of the liver;

The criteria for diagnosing polycystic liver disease are:

the presence of 1 cyst under the age of 40 and the presence of 3 or more cysts after the age of 40 in people with aggravated heredity (parents suffer from polycystic liver disease);
the presence of 20 cysts in the liver up to 40 years in persons with uncomplicated heredity.

Expert advice:

Therapist or family doctor;
Surgeon;
Gastroenterologist.

Treatment of the disease should be comprehensive, i.e. include all available methods, which include symptomatic treatment medications, surgery, folk methods of treatment and diet.

Medical treatment

If nausea or vomiting occurs - cerucal or metoclopromide 1 tablet 3 times a day or intramuscularly 2.0 ml 2 times a day.
If pain occurs - no-shpa 2 tablets 3 times a day or mebeverine 1 tablet 2 times a day.
When bloating occurs - Activated carbon at the rate of 1 tablet per 10 kg of body weight 2-3 times a day or Polysorb 1 tablespoon dissolved in ½ cup boiled water 3 times a day between meals.
In case of impaired liver function:
- hepatoprotectors - hepabene 1 capsule 2 times a day or ursodeoxycholic acid (ursochol, ursosan) 3 tablets at night 1 time per day;
- lactulose (normaze, dufalac, lactuvit) 30-50 mg (depending on body weight) 1 time per day in the morning on an empty stomach;
- vitamins of group B (neurorubin, neurovitan) 1 tablet 1-2 times a day;
- stimol 1 sachet 3 times a day.
In the presence of acute complications of polycystic liver disease:
- intravenous administration of saline 200.0 ml drip;
- intravenous administration of Ringer-Lock solution 400.0 ml drip;
- intravenous administration of rheosorbilact 200.0 ml drip;
- aminocaproic acid or vitamin K intravenously for bleeding;
- antibiotics a wide range actions (ceftriaxone, levofloxacin, amikacin) intravenously.

Surgery

Surgical treatment is indicated in case of acute complications or in case of development of hepatocellular insufficiency.

In the first case, with the development of acute complications of polycystic liver disease, the cyst that led to bleeding or suppuration is excised, the cyst is sutured, and the abdominal cavity is drained. The operation is performed under the conditions of an expanded operating room. general anesthesia, access to the liver is carried out by median laparotomy (the surgical incision passes along the midline of the abdomen).

Laparoscopic operations for polycystic liver are not performed, as there are big risk damage to nearby cysts.

In the second case, with the development of hepatocellular insufficiency, liver transplantation (transplantation) is performed.

Alternative treatment

Grind 100 g of elecampane root in a blender and pour three liters of boiling water, let cool until room temperature and add 1 tablespoon dry yeast. After that, leave the mixture in a warm, dark place for two days. Take 100 ml 3 times a day 30 minutes before meals.
1 tablespoon of crushed tenacious bedstraw is poured with 500 ml of boiling water and infused for one hour in a warm place. The infusion is taken in small sips for one day, 500 ml each.
1 tablespoon of crushed burdock roots is poured with 250 ml of water and brought to a boil, then boiled for 15 minutes over low heat and infused for 2-4 hours in a dark place. Take ½ cup of decoction half an hour before meals 3 times a day.

A diet that alleviates the course of the disease

Products allowed for consumption:

non-fatty meat (beef, veal);
fish of any kind;
milk and dairy products of low fat content;
cereals (buckwheat, rice, wheat);
pasta;
eggs;
vegetables in any form;
fruits in any form;
bread;
compotes, teas, fruit drinks, freshly squeezed juices;
biscuit cookies.

Products prohibited for consumption:

There are no methods for preventing the onset of the disease, since it is not acquired during life, but is inherited from parents and manifests itself during fetal development.

You can somewhat slow down the pathological process in the liver, for this you need:

eat rationally;
give up bad habits (alcohol, smoking, drugs);
annually undergo an examination of the liver (ultrasound, CT or MRI) and a course of treatment with hepatoprotectors with the use of vitamins and minerals.

About polycystic liver disease

Polycystic liver - serious illness, in which a large number of cysts form on the liver (there can be 20 or more of them in the liver tissue), literally penetrating the entire surface of the organ. The cysts are filled with a colorless fluid composed of bile cholesterol. This disease is very often combined with polycystic disease of other internal organs, such as the kidneys and / or pancreas.

Most often, cysts on the liver are discovered accidentally and unexpectedly for the patient during a medical ultrasound examination of the abdominal cavity.

The thing is that polycystic is not manifested by any pronounced symptoms, and a person can live long years unaware of illness. However, with its development, when cysts grow, the disease begins to manifest itself: the liver enlarges and begins to put pressure on adjacent internal organs, creating discomfort in the right hypochondrium.

Polycystic - congenital disease caused by mutation genetic process, moreover, in women, polycystic liver occurs 8 times more often than in men.

Medical and surgical treatment of polycystic liver disease

The only treatment for advanced polycystic liver disease is surgery. With asymptomatic small liver cysts (up to 3 centimeters in diameter), it is recommended to refrain from surgery and observe the dynamics, conducting periodically diagnostic tests liver. Indication for emergency operation are the threat of rupture and bleeding at rupture and suppuration of cysts.

The main task drug treatment polycystic disease consists in slowing down the growth of the cyst, for which the patient is prescribed inhibitors proton pump(refer to antisecretory drugs intended for the treatment of acid-dependent diseases of the gastrointestinal tract).

An important component successful treatment polycystic liver disease is dieting.

Diet for polycystic liver disease

With polycystic liver disease, foods that promote cyst growth should be excluded from the diet. These include: alcohol, coffee, tea, chocolate, soy protein(soy) flax-seed and products from it, fish oil, yeast. The patient is also advised to limit sodium intake to 1200 mg per day.

But fruits and vegetables in the diet for polycystic liver disease can be included with virtually no restrictions. The consumption of animal fats is recommended to be reduced to 100-150 grams per day, as they contribute to the production of stomach acid.

Folk remedies

Recipe 1: Pour one tablespoon of crushed dried roots of large burdock 250 ml hot water and simmer over low heat for 15 minutes. Then leave the broth for half an hour, strain through a fine sieve and take 1/3 cup 3 times a day (15-20 minutes before meals).

Recipe 2: Pour one hundred grams of crushed fresh roots elecampane with 2.5 liters of boiling water, add a tablespoon of dry store-bought yeast, two tablespoons of sugar to the container and leave in a dark place. When "kvass" ferments, take half a glass of drink three times a day 15 minutes before meals.

Attention! Funds traditional medicine are given for reference only! Consult your doctor!

source: dlya-chistki-pecheni.ru

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Polycystic liver disease is a chronic disease associated with the formation of many cysts in the liver, which are leathery cavities filled with fluid. The formation of cysts occurs during fetal development. The progression of the disease leads to complete cessation liver function and death. This disease is common in middle-aged and elderly people. It occurs more frequently in women.

Causes of the disease

According to the study of case histories, it was found that polycystic liver disease in almost half of the cases occurs due to a gene mutation. Basically, this prerequisite is typical for developed countries.

Mutation of genes can occur for reasons such as:

work in hazardous production;
air pollution in the metropolis;
limited exposure to nature;
eating foods with GMOs;
malnutrition food fast food using preservatives and flavor enhancers.

It should be noted that in the corners of the planet with a clean environment, polycystic liver disease practically does not occur.

An indirect cause of this disease may be:

bad habits (smoking, drug addiction, alcoholism);
obesity, which disrupts the functioning of almost all internal organs;
violation of the level of hormones in the body;
the presence of tumors and chronic infectious diseases;
injuries and injuries of internal organs.

Transmission of the disease is carried out from one of the parents. By the time of birth, the newborn has multiple liver cysts. They are small in size and do not affect the state of health.

Over time, the cysts get larger. This leads to the fact that there is an isolated or widespread polycystic liver disease. In the second case, the disease covers neighboring internal organs. As the cysts are forced out normal tissue body, signs of the disease appear and intensify.

Symptoms of polycystic liver disease

As you increase foreign bodies the patient's condition worsens.

On the initial stage Polycystic liver manifests itself as follows:

general weakness;
fast fatiguability;
headache;
distraction;
constant sleepiness;
mild dizziness;
periodic nausea;
occurrence of depression.

As the disease progresses, the symptoms of the disease become more noticeable.

The patient experiences symptoms such as:

On the onset kidney failure its symptoms are so obvious that the disease is hard to miss.

Signs of this condition:

yellowing of the skin and mucous membranes;
numerous ruptures of capillaries;
violation of vestibular functions;
palpitations and pallor;
elevated temperature;
lowering blood pressure;
frequent vomiting with blood;
loss of consciousness.

With an exacerbation of the disease, the patient may fall into a coma. In order not to bring the matter to a lethal outcome, the patient must be treated in the early stages of the disease.

Treatment of polycystic

Before prescribing a course of treatment, the patient is diagnosed.

It includes survey methods such as:

analysis of blood, urine and feces;
Magnetic resonance imaging;
CT scan;
ultrasound diagnostics;
consultation with a surgeon, gastroenterologist and therapist.

If three or more cysts are present, a diagnosis of polycystic liver disease is made. Treatment is complex.

The following therapies are used:

Medical. The patient is prescribed antiemetics and painkillers. Medicines are prescribed for bloating and to stabilize the liver. For general strengthening vitamins are taken into the body. All appointments are made by the attending physician. Self-medication is strictly contraindicated.
Surgical. It is carried out if severe complications or liver failure. The operation is done under general anesthesia. The patient is removed the inflamed cyst and drainage of the abdominal cavity is carried out. If irreversible changes have occurred in the liver, then it is removed and a donor organ is transplanted.
Ethnoscience. With liver damage, treatment with folk remedies can significantly improve the patient's condition. Well help tincture of elecampane, a decoction of the shell pine nuts and natural honey. It must be remembered that with such a diagnosis as polycystic liver disease, treatment folk methods is of an auxiliary nature. It is impossible to get rid of this disease only with their help.

Of great importance for the recovery of the patient is a properly selected diet.

The patient's diet includes:

lean meat;
fish;
vegetables and fruits;
pasta and cereals;
eggs;
cookie;
dairy products.

The diet for polycystic liver disease does not allow the use of fatty meat, sour cream, smoked and fried foods, sweets, coffee and alcohol.

Disease prevention

Since this disease is hereditary, it is almost impossible to prevent its occurrence. But the progression of the disease and the rate of increase in cysts can be significantly slowed down.

For this, it is necessary to take preventive measures:

Spend a lot of time outdoors playing various games and swim.
Eat right and regularly. Avoid eating smoked meats, sweets, spicy and spicy foods.
To refuse from bad habits. Smoking, alcohol and narcotic drugs not only weaken the immune system, but also cause various mutations in the body.
Get checked regularly by specialists.
Constantly take hepatoprotectors prescribed by the doctor, vitamins and immunity-strengthening drugs.

Polycystic liver disease is a rather serious pathology characterized by the formation of numerous cysts on the surface of the organ. As a rule, this disease is diagnosed by chance, that is, during the next preventive examination. The pathology is no different. clear signs, so a person for several years may not even be aware of such a problem. Over time, cysts begin to affect an increasing space of the organ, which is manifested by obvious clinical signs. Almost half of the patients have polycystic liver and kidney disease at the same time.

Description of the disease

Polycystic disease refers to a pathology in which a large number of cavity formations are formed in the liver. Scientists have found that this disease belongs to the group of hereditary and is associated with the process of mutation in certain genes. What polycystic liver disease looks like (photo) can be found in specialized medical reference books.

During the development of the disease, cysts are constantly formed on the surface of the organ. They are cavities various sizes filled with clear liquid. It contains many albumins (bile acid, proteins, cholesterol, pigments, etc.). When the cyst reaches an impressive size (about seven centimeters), there is a threat of its spontaneous rupture or infection.

This disease is widespread absolutely everywhere, but mainly occurs in developed countries. The frequency of its occurrence is 1 case per 100,000 people. In the stronger sex, polycystic disease is diagnosed three times less often than in women. Primary signs are observed after the age of 40 years, until this time the disease is asymptomatic.

According to international classification diseases (ICD 10), polycystic liver has the code Q61.

Liver and types of cysts

The liver is an unpaired organ located in the abdominal cavity and related directly to digestive system. This is the largest gland in the human body, which has a wide variety of functions. It is directly involved in the process of digestion, metabolism, blood circulation. It is in this organ that the “neutralization” of toxins occurs, which penetrate the gastrointestinal tract along with the blood. The liver is also involved in the formation of immune cells, lymph.

On the present stage studying the development of this pathology, experts are sure that its main cause lies in the mutation of some genes, namely RKCSH and SEC63. However, this position still causes a lot of controversy among scientists. Experts from all over the world continue to actively study such a disease as polycystic liver disease, the causes leading to its development.

Clinical picture

As already noted in the article, for a long time, cysts may not manifest themselves in any way. Only after they take up enough space in the liver do the following symptoms begin to appear:

An increase in the size of the abdomen.
Bloating and constant pain.
Nausea/heartburn.
Rapid satiety even after eating a small amount of food.

As the disease progresses, more and more new signs are added that characterize polycystic liver disease. Symptoms and their severity may vary for each patient. Patients note fatigue, shortness of breath, problems with appetite. On the other hand, it is significantly reduced muscle mass, there are swelling in the legs, skin turn yellow.

All of the above signs of pathology should alert and become a reason for seeking advice from a specialist. If treatment is not prescribed in a timely manner, there is a risk of spontaneous rupture of cysts, which entails bleeding into the abdominal cavity. Thus, human life is at risk. In addition, there are cases when cysts degenerated into malignant neoplasms.

Disease confirmation

Diagnosis of polycystic liver can be difficult due to the asymptomatic course of the disease. Literally 30 years ago, this pathology was discovered during a post-mortem autopsy of a human body and was an accidental finding. Today, diagnostic capabilities have expanded significantly thanks to the use of ultrasound and computed tomography. Through data instrumental methods specialist can find abdominal formations on the surface of the organ early stage development.

Medical treatment

The main task conservative therapy consists in slowing down the growth of existing cysts, as well as reducing unpleasant symptoms. If nausea or vomiting occurs, Cerucal is prescribed to reduce pain syndrome"No-shpa" is used. When bloating occurs, activated charcoal is recommended at the rate of one tablet for approximately 10 kg of body weight.

When serious violations liver functions, hepatoprotectors, B vitamins (Neurubin, Neurovitan), lactulose (Dufalac, Laktuvit) are prescribed.

Surgery

Surgery is indicated if polycystic liver disease is accompanied by complications or hepatocellular insufficiency.

In the first case, a complete excision of the cyst is performed, which led to suppuration or bleeding. The operation takes place under general anesthesia, and access to the organ is carried out through a median laparotomy.

Laparoscopic operations for this disease are practically not performed, since there is high risk damage adjacent structures.

In case of development of hepatocellular insufficiency, transplantation is recommended for patients.

Polycystic liver: treatment with folk remedies

Many patients, having learned about the diagnosis, are in no hurry to apply for qualified help. Some let the disease literally take its course, while others prefer treatment with folk recipes. Experts warn that both options are not correct. Lack of therapy can provoke the development of enough serious complications and end lethal outcome. As for the question alternative medicine, then it is recommended to resort to her recipes as additional method treatment. Below we list the most popular options for therapy with folk remedies.

What should be the food

Polycystic liver disease, as the name implies, is characterized by the formation of cysts. That is why the daily diet is recommended to be made in such a way that it is most useful for the body and does not contribute to the growth of formations. Experts advise to exclude fish oil, chocolate, soy products, alcoholic beverages and coffee. The diet for this disease involves the use of products with low content sodium.

All fruits and vegetables rich in alkali, low-fat fish, milk, eggs, pasta, biscuits are allowed. Particular attention should be paid drinking regime, because the most ordinary water is an excellent liver detoxifier.

What can and cannot be eaten with a disease such as polycystic liver disease? Diet in this case represents complete failure from junk food. After making a diagnosis, you will have to forget about salty and high-calorie foods forever.

Conclusion

AT recent times Doctors are increasingly diagnosing polycystic liver and kidney disease. Treatment this disease impossible to imagine without a qualified approach. In order to avoid the development of this pathology, it is recommended to adhere to healthy lifestyle life, play sports, annually undergo a complete diagnostic examination.