Treatment and prevention of hypotension. Symptoms and signs of hypotension. What is arterial and muscular hypotension

dizziness, drowsiness, fast fatiguability, vision problems are all symptoms of hypotension. According to statistics, women are more susceptible to the disease than men, and the diagnosis of the disease occurs both in childhood and in old age. What kind of disease it is, how to recognize it in time and fight it correctly - we will tell in this article.

What is hypotension

This is a permanent or temporary low blood pressure. The complexity of the disease is that it is often difficult to identify it even for the patient himself, since in order to recognize the disease, you need to measure the pressure, and the symptoms themselves can be blurry and invisible.

Causes of hypotension

There are a lot of reasons why hypotension may appear, since the reasons for the drop in pressure can be very different. However, among common causes experts note the following:

• and prolonged stay in states that traumatize the psyche. The reason is not entirely one-sided, because the body can react to a similar state not with reduced, but high blood pressure, then appears.
• Another reason for the disease is neurocirculatory dystonia. This is a whole "bouquet" of diseases of the cardiovascular system. According to experts in this field, in 80% of cases this disease turns into a diagnosis of hypotension.
• Hypotension can be a consequence of certain diseases, for example: hypothyroidism, infectious lesions, tumors, both benign and malignant, heart failure, etc.
• Severe bleeding leads to low blood pressure.
• especially deficiency of vitamins E, C and B.
• poisoning, serious injury and anaphylactic shock.
• Consequence of long debilitating diets.
• Regular intake of certain medications can become a provocateur low pressure.
• Sudden changes in pressure in the atmosphere and changes in the weather can serve as a change in pressure.

These are just some of the reasons why blood pressure may drop below normal levels. By the way, blood pressure is considered to be lower than 100/60.

Symptoms of hypotension

If the pressure is reduced by physiological reason, then a person may simply not notice the symptoms, but in other situations, the symptoms will depend on the genesis of the pathology:

Hypotension in children

Given the statistics, hypotension in children, unfortunately, is becoming more and more common, and boys are less susceptible to the disease than girls. There are several reasons for the appearance of such health problems:

Sometimes hypotension can be quite expected, this applies to cases where it does not act as the underlying disease, but as a symptom of another ailment.

You can understand that a child has hypotension by the following symptoms:

• fainting;
• nosebleeds;
• feeling of lack of air;
• pain in the joints and muscles;
• such children are problematic to travel in transport;
• an incomprehensible increase in body temperature without other symptoms;
• problems in the work of the heart;
• disturbed work of the digestive organs;
• memory disorders;
• disrupted work of the central nervous system: headaches appear, mental abilities deteriorate, instability appears in terms of emotions, etc.

Treatment of hypotension

Quality treatment should take into account the factor that served as the onset of the disease. After identifying, it is necessary to eliminate the cause, and then deal with the symptoms. General recommendations for the treatment of hypotension:

With the permission of the doctor, you can use traditional medicine in the treatment.

• Immortelle tincture, radiola rosea, prickly tartar, ginseng, echinacea, magnolia vine, leuzea have a good effect on the treatment of hypotension.
• Mix 50 g of natural ground coffee, juice squeezed from one lemon and half a kilogram of honey. This mixture is great for raising blood pressure when needed.
• Ten grams of dry immortelle pour a glass of water and boil in a water bath for a quarter of an hour. Strain and drink a third of a glass before meals.
• Pour 50 g of prickly tartar with half a liter of boiling water and cook for ten minutes, then insist finished product about an hour. Reception is carried out on a large spoon several times a day.
• Grind a lemon and a pound of dried fruits (dried apricots) into a total mass. Add four large spoons of honey and stir. This delicacy perfectly improves the functioning of the heart and blood vessels, normalizing blood pressure.
• Useful for hypotension freshly squeezed juice from celery. He drinks a couple of large spoons in the morning and evening.
• Strong sweet tea, with crushed ginger added to it, well raises the pressure.

Sometimes this kind of condition is considered to be a physiological process. So, for example, it is such in well-trained athletes. In other cases, this kind of condition is a clear signal for the development of the disease, and is called a pathological process. The reasons contributing to the development of this pathology are very diverse.

Arterial hypotension. Terminology

Blood pressure in hypotension

Approximate indicators lower bound blood pressure norms for people of different ages:

Causes contributing to the development of arterial hypotension

• Decrease in the amount of circulating blood: blood loss, dehydration;
• Decreased tone of arterial vessels: allergic reactions, vegetative disorders, poisoning;
• Decreased functioning of the heart: heart defects, heart failure, pericardial disease;
• Reception medicines that tend to reduce pressure: large dosages of antihypertensive pharmaceuticals.

Classification of arterial hypotension

1. Acute hypotension
2. Chronic hypotension

• Primary chronic hypotension
• Secondary chronic hypotension

Chronic arterial hypotension accompanied by a prolonged course, as well as a complete absence obvious signs circulatory disorders. AT this case human body adapts to constant reduced pressure.

Primary chronic arterial hypotension is a separate pathology hypotension . The reason for its development is considered to be a decrease in the activity of the centers of the autonomic nervous system responsible for regulating blood pressure. In some cases, this kind of condition is considered a physiological process due to the peculiarities of the constitution of the organism. Modern medical specialists argue that this kind of process is a hypotensive form of neurocirculatory dystonia.

Secondary chronic arterial hypotension is a sign of another disease that has arisen against the background of a malfunction of the mechanisms responsible for regulating blood pressure. This condition can be observed when nervous disorders such as neurosis and vegetative-vascular dystonia, chronic heart disease, brain ailments, as well as pathologies endocrine system.

Symptoms accompanying arterial hypotension

Diagnosis of arterial hypotension

Changes in blood pressure caused by diseases of the cardiovascular department can occur both upward and downward. Depending on the root causes of origin, it is customary to distinguish between two main types of lesions - hypertonic and hypotonic. Hypotension, its causes and treatment, prevention of the development of the disease are discussed in detail in this article.

The arterial type of hypotension refers to conditions that are accompanied by a constant decrease in blood pressure levels below 100/60 units in males and 95/60 units in females. A once registered drop in pressure indicators is not considered a sign of the development of the disease - it includes constantly lowered blood pressure marks.

Stably present low blood pressure is common and is present in 7% of people. This category of persons does not have pathological changes in the body, complaints about the general condition are also absent. This option is referred to as a normative - a physiological type that does not require specific treatment.

The danger of the disease lies in the insufficient supply of blood to organs and systems. Reduced rates BP is provoked oxygen starvation of the brain, as a result of which patients often experience:

• vomit;
• nausea;
• dizziness;
• short-term loss of consciousness.

Constantly low blood pressure over time can lead to the development of a stroke. In some cases, there is a transition from hypotension to arterial hypertension – chronic illness requiring constant drug therapy. The reasons for the change in condition may be incorrectly performed treatment, age-related changes(over the years, cholesterol plaques accumulate in the vessels).

Kinds

Experts subdivide the disease by presence pathological manifestations against the background of a constantly lowered level of blood pressure:

• physiological - individual norm, ailment of athletes, women in the last quarter of bearing a baby, the problem of adaptation;
• pathological - against the background of non-standard functionality of individual internal organs and systems.

The secondary subdivision occurs according to the forms of development of the pathological process:

• acute - developing against the background of shock conditions, collapses and transient hypotension of the orthostatic type;
• chronic - constantly present, without the possibility of restoring blood pressure to standard values ​​on its own.

Arterial hypotension is further subdivided in direct proportion to the causes:

Primary - due to neurocirculatory dystonia of the hypotonic type.

Secondary - developing against the background of symptomatic manifestations of existing pathological processes:

• anemia;
• Addison's disease;
• hypoglycemia;
• hypothyroidism;
• bleeding;
• profuse dyspeptic disorders;
• decrease in cardiac output;
• cirrhosis of the liver;
• stomach ulcers, etc.

Causes of arterial hypotension

The appearance of the disease can occur against the background of various factors. To the main root causes of development pathological condition include:

1. A state of constant stress - a strong emotional overstrain causes disturbances in the functionality of the nervous system. Hypotension, which arose due to psycho-emotional outbursts, is not a consequence of concomitant diseases.
2. A variety of diseases in the cardiovascular and gastrointestinal department - pathological changes in these organs often lead to violations of blood pressure.
3. Neoplasms of benign or malignant etiology may also affect blood pressure levels.
4. Inadequate fluid intake in the body - dehydration refers to rare reasons preceding the development of hypotension.
5. Large blood loss - violations of the integrity of large veins and arteries can provoke a sharp drop in blood pressure. The causes of hypotension in women are attacks of a temporary nature, formed against the background of excessive copious discharge during the menstrual cycle.
6. Inadequate intake of vitamins and minerals necessary to maintain the tone of the muscle tissues of the vessels. Deviations are often recorded with severe avitaminosis.
7. The drug form is fixed with uncontrolled or prolonged intake of certain medicines designed to lower pressure indicators. Violations of the requirements of the instructions for the use of the prescribed drug may cause temporary deviations in the state of the body.
8. Sedentary lifestyle - no minimum physical activity reduces the overall tone of blood vessels, causing them to relax. The expansion of the lumen of the arteries slows down the passage of blood into them, forming a decrease in the level of blood pressure.

Different categories of the population have their own reasons for the deviation in standard pressure indicators. The most common pathological conditions include:

1. Physiological abnormalities - a tendency to low blood pressure can be inherited (with similar diseases in close relatives). Similar states do not belong to full-fledged diseases and can be registered both with athletes with excellent health and other categories of citizens.
2. In the elderly age period- the disease is more often fixed at night and the first time after waking up. Depreciation of the cardiovascular department, the presence of third-party cardiac and neurological pathologies are precursors to the development of hypotension.
3. In children school age- the disease begins with the moment of hormonal and physiological changes in the body. The rapid growth of the body causes additional loads on the heart muscle, not coping with its duties. Incorrectly composed daily routine, lack of sleep and a large number of additional classes in the child's schedule can provoke the gradual development of the disease.
4. In the period of bearing a baby - during pregnancy, there is an increase in the load on the cardiovascular department. Any deviations during gestation require immediate contact with a medical institution to determine the causes of pathological symptoms.

The reasons for the development of hypotension are diverse - without a full-fledged diagnostic study it is impossible to identify the primary source of the development of pathology.

Symptoms

General manifestations of the disorder physiological process depends on general condition the patient's body. Serious concerns are individual symptoms hypotension:

• pain in the chest area;
• loss of sensation in the upper and lower extremities;
• violation of the rhythm of the heart muscle.

The above symptoms are indicative of severe pathological process and require consultation with a cardiologist.

Frequently reported common symptoms of hypotension include:

• sudden or gradual darkening in the eyes - when changing the position of the body;
• increased relaxation of the muscles of the limbs - especially when waking up in the morning;
• periodic dizziness - with short-term loss of consciousness;
• painful sensations in the temporal and occipital zone;
• constant sleepiness;
• weather dependence;
• increased irritability;
• nausea with the transition to vomiting;
• enhanced functionality of the sweat glands;
• shortness of breath;
• night sleep disturbances - insomnia;
• fast fatiguability;
• reduced performance;
• general lethargy;
• memory impairment;
• feeling of insufficient air intake.

Refusal of a diagnostic study, ignoring the proposed treatment, untimely appeal professional help can provoke the development of pathological conditions.

Complications

Hypotonic crisis occurs with psycho-emotional overload due to stressful situations, with excessive physical effort. The duration of the attack is from ten minutes, it can manifest itself:

• pain in the chest area;
• a feeling of acute lack of oxygen;
• periodic dizziness;
• pallor and moisture of the skin;
• decrease in heart rate;
• decrease in pressure to critical levels.

After the end of the attack, the patient experiences drowsiness, lethargy and a state of general weakness. Any acute conditions when blood pressure levels drop, professional help is required.

Hypotension is characterized by a number of complications:

Signs of complicated hypotension require urgent medical care under inpatient treatment.

Diagnostics

Upon initial contact with medical institution The patient is referred for a number of diagnostic studies:

After confirming the presumptive diagnosis, the patient is assigned an individual treatment regimen.

Low blood pressure therapy techniques

The causes and treatment of hypotension are in inseparable connection between themselves. Without determining the previous factors in the development of a pathological condition, any therapeutic intervention will be ineffective.

After determining the prerequisites for the formation of the disease, the cardiologist recommends that the patient change his usual lifestyle:

1. Stabilization of periods of rest and work - the patient must adhere to a strict schedule, including 8 hours of sleep. Sick people should sleep on beds with a raised headboard - in the absence of a specialized orthopedic bed, the height can be increased with the help of additional pillows. Long stay in horizontal position(one plane) negatively affects the circulatory system in hypotension.
2. Change daily diet- the number of meals increases, and portions decrease. Special attention given to the incoming liquid - its volume must exceed two liters. All food products must be fortified with vitamins and minerals, volume limits table salt no (if there are no contraindications).
3. Refusal of alcoholic and low-alcohol drinks, tobacco products.
4. small physical exercise With gradual increase- as a prevention of hypotension.

Additionally, treatment may include:

• sports massage;
• hydrotherapy - using Charcot's shower, hydromassage, mineral baths;
• aromatherapy;
• physiotherapy;
• Exercise therapy - under the supervision of a specialist.

In half the cases, the application non-drug treatment restores the health of the patient - subject to the initial stages of the development of the disease.

Drug treatment

Medicinal correction of the pathological condition includes:

• multivitamin complexes - "Duovit", "MultiMax", "Vitrum";
• antidepressants - "Deprim", "Dopelhertz Nervotonik", "Novoimanin";
• drugs for headaches (with low blood pressure) - "Pentalgin", "Benalgin", "Citramon";
• adrenomimetics (to increase blood pressure) - "Regulton", "Gutron";
• nootropics (normalize blood circulation by regulating metabolic processes in the central nervous system) - Piracetam, Pantogam, Aminalon.

To stabilize the condition and general tonic effect, pharmacy tinctures are often used:

• ginseng;
• Chinese lemongrass;
• aralia;
• echinacea;
• rhodiola rosea.

Against the background of an acute drop in pressure indicators, the patient's condition must be stabilized with the help of vasoconstrictors and cardiotonic drugs. All medications prescribed by the attending physician strictly individually - independent application drugs are strictly prohibited. Uncontrolled use can lead to serious complications up to hypotensive crisis.

Treatment with folk remedies

Therapy with a home formulation should be carried out after the approval of the attending physician. Folk methods must be known to be safe for the patient and not provoke spontaneous allergic reactions. The most famous auxiliary techniques include:

First aid

Primary urgent care when hypotension occurs, it involves performing a series of sequential actions to raise blood pressure:

1. Put the patient to bed, placing a roller under his feet - to increase pressure.
2. If the bed is unavailable, the sick person is seated and asked to lower his head below the knees.
3. The sick person is asked to calm down and try to breathe evenly - shallowly, at regular intervals.
4. With short-term loss of consciousness give a sniff ammonia- a cotton swab pre-moistened in a solution of ammonia.
5. Sweet, not too hot tea is prepared for the patient.

In the absence of the necessary positive effect- the absence of a rise in pressure indicators - an ambulance is required.

Prevention of hypotension

• periodic visits to the district cardiologist - at least once a year;
• constant active image life - long walks, feasible physical activity, swimming in the pool;
• a daily contrast shower will keep the vessels in good shape;
• change in the daily diet - with a predominance of foods containing a sufficient amount of minerals and vitamins;
• seasonal vitamin therapy;
• compliance with the requirements for the regime of rest and work;
• elimination of stressful situations - up to a job change.

Compliance with these rules will help stabilize the work of internal organs and systems and avoid sudden pressure drops. It is easier to prevent the disease than to subsequently use maintenance therapy for chronic hypotension.

Hypotension - low blood pressure, is quite common. It may be a temporary condition or indicate some disease. In any case, when signs of hypotension appear, you need to look for the cause in order to take adequate measures.

What is hypotension?

The numbers 100-140 mm Hg are considered normal. for the upper limit of blood pressure and 60-90 for the lower. When they deviate to a smaller side in question about hypotension. It may represent independent disease Or be indicative of some problem.

However, do not worry if the pressure occasionally drops by short period time, this may be due to certain conditions. If it is constantly low, then you need to find out the reasons.

The danger of hypotension

Reduced blood pressure means a decrease in blood flow, which adversely affects the blood supply to the internal organs. This eventually leads to a deterioration in the condition of all body systems. This is main danger permanently low blood pressure.

Reasons for low blood pressure

The reasons for the decrease in pressure can be related to both external influences, so with internal factors or characteristics of the body.

The most common reasons:

• chronic stress;
• Pathologies of the cardiovascular system or gastrointestinal tract;
• Dehydration of the body or large blood loss;
• Hypovitaminosis;
• The effect of certain medications;
• Lack of physical activity;
• Individual characteristics of the organism.

Hypotension is more common in women than in men and may present at a certain age. For example, often a decrease in blood pressure occurs in adolescents. This is due to the features transitional age when hormonal changes take place in the body and rapid growth is observed.

Older people may experience a decrease in blood pressure during sleep and for some time after waking up. Nocturnal hypotension in such cases is due to the aging of the cardiovascular system and is often accompanied by neurological or other cardiac pathologies.

How does hypotension manifest itself?

This problem does not specific symptoms, signs of hypotension are similar to manifestations of cardiovascular, neurological pathologies. All manifestations can be divided into objective and those that the patient feels, but they cannot be identified with the help of research.

General subjective symptoms:

The most common objective manifestations:

• sweating;
• sleep disorders;
• Irritability;
• Dyspnea;
• Pain behind the sternum;
• Darkening in the eyes during sudden movements;
• Paleness of the skin, possibly blue fingertips;
• Violation of menstrual function in women and deterioration of potency in men.

Another symptom of hypotension is edema. Most often, we associate their presence with high blood pressure, but insufficient blood circulation due to low blood pressure worsens the functioning of the heart and slows down blood flow. This leads to impaired circulation in the renal pelvis, resulting in impaired water-salt balance and reduced diuresis. This is approximately the mechanism for the development of edema in hypotension.

A fairly common symptom in hypotensive patients is headaches. They are explained by a decrease in the tone of the veins and small arteries of the brain. The outflow of blood is disturbed, and arching pain occurs, most often in the temples and in the back of the head. Due to the deterioration of the venous outflow in the brain area, nausea and even vomiting are possible.

Hypotension patients are often addicted to weather conditions in terms of well-being. They can respond to changes in atmospheric pressure, to changes in the weather. During such periods, they are subject to a deterioration in mood and even depression, they may have problems with sleep. The manifestations of hypotension can manifest themselves in stuffy room, in conditions of high humidity, at abrupt change conditions, for example, when entering a warm room from the street.

Pain in the heart area can also occur due to hypotension. It is characterized by pain at rest. They may be accompanied by a feeling of lack of air. Hypotension patients often do deep breaths due to the slowing of blood flow to compensate for the lack of oxygen reaching the lungs.

Manifestations of hypotension are detected with changes in the environment: in a stuffy room, with high humidity, driving in crowded vehicles. Many hypotensive patients adapt worse to changes environment. They need more time to “rebuild” when going from hot to cold and vice versa. Such people require a longer time for acclimatization.

Private symptoms can appear after diseases that lead to a weakening of cardiac activity, blood loss. Injuries, including to the head, can lead to impaired thermoregulation and symptoms of hypotension.

Orthostatic form of hypotension

This is a specific form of the disease. Its symptoms appear when the position of the body changes. The vessels "do not have time" to respond when a person gets up from a chair or from a bed, sharply straightens out of the slope. At such times, hypotension occurs. Main symptom at the same time - darkening in the eyes. There may be dizziness and even fainting.

Diagnostics

It requires a careful and serious approach, as its symptoms are similar to those of many other diseases. This condition may be the result of some pathology. To take adequate measures, it is necessary to find out the cause of the symptoms. When contacting a doctor, a detailed anamnesis is collected and an extended diagnostic examination is carried out.

What needs to be done to make a diagnosis:

• General urine and blood tests;
• Research on sugar;
• Hormonal blood test;
• Ultrasound diagnostics of the heart, vessels of the neck and brain;
• ECG in dynamics.

After receiving all the results of the research, the doctor draws conclusions and prescribes treatment. If the reduced pressure is due to some kind of disease, then the main efforts are directed to its treatment. In most cases for successful treatment a set of measures is required.

Methods for the treatment of hypotension

• drug therapy;
• Folk remedies;
• Diet;
• Physical activity.

Medical therapy

Medications are prescribed mainly as symptomatic and supportive therapy. It is important to strengthen blood vessels, increase blood flow, relieve pain and discomfort.

Hypotensive patients are helped by drugs that increase blood pressure. This is caffeine and other products containing this substance. good effect observed when taking amino acids, which are the building material for blood vessels, and also have the properties of neurotransmitters, that is, they improve the functioning of the nervous system.

Supportive care includes nootropic drugs and, if necessary, headache remedies

Drugs prescribed for hypotension

Treatment with folk remedies

Hypotonics will benefit from taking various natural tonics. Can be purchased finished preparations in tablets, as well as in the form of tinctures, extracts. You can make a tonic tea or infusion at home.

Plants such as Rhodiola rosea, Schisandra chinensis, Eleutherococcus, and ginseng have the most pronounced effect.

Nutrition Features

It is important to eat right with hypotension, but always taking into account contraindications, so consultation with specialists is required. Salty, fatty, carbohydrate-rich foods are helpful because they increase blood pressure. Cinnamon, cloves and hot peppers will also help raise blood pressure.

Physical activity

When a person moves, the heart works harder and the blood circulates more intensively. This leads to increased pressure and improved well-being. Any help physical exercises or fitness classes. For pregnant women or the elderly, it is optimal to do exercise therapy.

A specially selected complex will help improve well-being and reduce negative reactions associated with hypotension.

Video: Low blood pressure

Good day, dear readers!

In this article we will talk about hypotension (arterial) or arterial hypotension, its causes, symptoms, and also learn how to treat hypotension at home.

But first, let's make some clarifications:

Hypotension is arterial type and muscular. There is a lot of confusion on the net about this, and the ancient Greek word “ὑπό”, which translates as “under, below”, combined with the ending “tonus”, is apparently to blame. As a result, literally speaking, hypotension is a reduced tone, which can be like muscle ( muscle weakness, muscle diseases), and total (expressed by low pressure).

Today we will talk specifically about arterial hypotension, which is more accurately systematized under the name - "arterial hypotension". So…

Arterial hypotension (Hypotension)- persistent decrease (blood pressure) to levels lower by 20% from usual value, or up to the marks.

One of the main signs of hypotension are symptoms such as darkening in the eyes (when a person, for example, squatted down and then stood up abruptly), slight dizziness and general weakness.

The main danger of arterial hypotension is oxygen starvation of the brain and other internal organs, which occurs due to its insufficient blood supply, because low blood pressure is a violation of blood circulation, in fact - this is insufficient circulation. As a result, a person may develop severe acute diseases almost all organs. To prevent this, at the first sign of hypotension, be sure to consult a doctor!

For some people, as they grow older, hypotension goes away on its own. This is due to the fact that in older people, blood pressure tends to increase. This must be taken into account in order not to overdo it, and not to translate hypotension into hypertensive (), which may have more dangerous consequences for the health of the body. To prevent this from happening, periodically measure your blood pressure and visit a cardiologist.

An interesting fact is that women suffer from symptoms caused by hypotension more often than men. Perhaps this is due to the fact that many modern women adopted the way of life of men, in terms of the main earner (breadwinner) of the family ...

Some experts claim that people with chronic hypotension live, on average, 10 years longer than most healthy people. Moreover, based on their research, they argue that the chronic form of the disease inhibits development.

Arterial hypotension can occur in acute (short-term a sharp decline pressure) and chronic form (a condition where a person constantly has low blood pressure).

Hypotension. ICD

ICD-10: I95
ICD-9: 458

Types of arterial hypotension (hypotension)

Arterial hypotension is classified into the following types:

- Acute hypotension (acute arterial hypotension);
- Chronic hypotension (chronic arterial hypotension);
— — Primary chronic arterial hypotension;
— — Secondary chronic arterial hypotension.

Acute hypotension (a sharp drop in blood pressure). This type of hypotension is very dangerous, because. the level of oxygen supply to the brain (hypoxia) sharply decreases, which after a while can cause. At the same time, a sharp decrease in blood pressure may be accompanied by such diseases of the internal organs as:, severe, thromboembolism pulmonary artery, and etc.

A sharp drop in blood pressure requires urgent medical attention!

Causes sharp drop pressure can be poisoning (alcohol, food, drugs, drugs), blood loss, acute infections, etc.

Chronic hypotension (permanently low blood pressure). This form of hypotension is often referred to as physiological hypotension. in many cases, it is a constant companion in the lives of many people, for example, residents of highlands, tropics, cold parts of the Earth or athletes, as a way of adapting the body to a lifestyle. In these cases, persistently low blood pressure is not considered a disease.

The main danger chronic hypotension is the risk of ischemic stroke in the elderly.

At the same time, chronic arterial hypotension is a serious opponent of many young people, because frequent breakdowns, in some cases developing into collapses, do not allow you to constantly work productively and achieve success in various fields life.

Primary (idiopathic or essential) hypotension. This condition of the body is isolated in an independent disease. Cause and etiology this moment is the subject of controversy and disagreement, but among the identified causes is prolonged psycho-emotional overstrain (depression,).

It is very important to prevent the overflow of this form of the disease during a protracted period of oxygen deficiency of the whole organism.

Secondary arterial hypotension. Unlike primary hypotension, secondary hypotension is a symptom of other diseases, including: arrhythmia, cardiovascular diseases, brain injury, osteochondrosis cervical, diseases of the respiratory and endocrine systems, circulatory disorders, side effects certain medications, tumors, alcoholism, etc.

Orthostatic hypotension- a sharp drop in blood pressure when a person suddenly gets up after a long squatting or lying down.

We have already discussed some of the causes of low blood pressure with you, dear readers, now let's summarize the picture and find out what else can provoke the development of arterial hypotension.

Diseases of the cardiovascular system:, stenosis aortic valve, heart failure.

Diseases of the gastrointestinal tract: intoxication, .

Other diseases and conditions of the body:, osteochondrosis of the cervical spine, diseases of the endocrine system, blood loss, sepsis, burns, injuries of the brain and spinal cord,.

Adaptation to living conditions: high humidity, rarefied air, severe cold.

Adaptation to constant physical activity, for example, in athletes, where reduced pressure is defense mechanism body, as a result of which, the rhythm of contractions of the heart decreases, which causes a decrease in pressure.

Pregnancy can also cause attacks of hypotension, tk. during this "interesting" period, the vascular tone of a woman may decrease.

Chronic low blood pressure can be transmitted genetically.

What is hypotension, and what are its causes, we have already examined, now let's move on to the consideration of the issue - "symptoms of hypotension."

Of course, the most important sign of arterial hypotension is low and low blood pressure - below 90/60.

Other signs of hypotension include:

Diagnosis of arterial hypotension

Hypotension is diagnosed following methods:

- questioning the patient for various symptoms, in order to identify the cause of the disease;
- identification of the type of hypotension: physiological or pathological type;
- systematic;
— ;
- Doppler echocardiography;
- cardiointervalography, etc.

Treatment of hypotension (arterial hypotension) is carried out in a complex manner and includes correction of the patient's lifestyle with the addition of certain drugs aimed at raising arterial tone. If the diagnosis has established that the cause of the disease is another disease, then the treatment is aimed primarily at eliminating it.

Lifestyle modification includes:

- rational alternation of the working day with rest;
— healthy sleep;
— proper nutrition;
- exception bad habits;
- moderate exercise physiotherapy);
- walks on fresh air;
- hardening of the body (contrast shower).

Let's consider them in more detail.

Step 1: Work day / rest. Normalization of the working day with rest is one of the main "pillars" on which the treatment of arterial hypotension is based. If the body is overtired, it consumes more vitality, there is an increased load on the heart, nervous system and on the whole organism as a whole. If the forces are not restored, the body is depleted, and it becomes vulnerable to various diseases.

Step 2: Healthy sleep. For an ordinary healthy person, it is enough to sleep for 6-8 hours to restore strength. For hypotensive patients, sleep should last at least 10-12 hours, especially if the weather is cold, low Atmosphere pressure. When a person gets enough sleep, you should not immediately get out of bed, but it is better to lie quietly for a few minutes, pull yourself up, then lower your legs to the floor, and sit for another minute or two. Then you can safely get up and go about your business. In this order, the person minimizes sharp drops pressure and all of this derivatives, in the form of darkening and flies in the eyes.

Step 3: Proper nutrition. Food during the day must be consumed 3-5 times, while not overeating, i.e. eat small portions. It is not recommended to eat food before going to bed. When choosing food, the emphasis must be placed on the capacity in them - and antioxidants.

When treating hypotension, special attention should be paid to replenishing the body with protein reserves, and B vitamins, especially, and, potassium, and.

Step 4: Bad habits. A patient with arterial hypotension without fail smoking and drinking alcohol should be avoided.

Step 5: Moderate physical activity (physiotherapy exercises). Moderate physical activity on the body contributes to the normalization of metabolism, as well as the removal of metabolic products from the body. In addition, it stabilizes the work and strengthens cardiovascular system. When moving, blood circulation improves, vascular tone increases, and all organs receive the necessary dose of oxygen.

Recommended physical activity for hypotension is - morning work-out light jogging, swimming, fast walk, cycling , physiotherapy exercises, sports games.

Step 6 and 7: Outdoor walks and hardening of the body are indispensable additional measures when dealing with low blood pressure. They contribute general strengthening body and all its parts, as well as protect it from the harmful environment and various diseases.

Hardening of the body includes - a contrast shower, dousing cold water(with head), bath and sauna. Just keep in mind that the temperature difference should not be too large.

Medicines for arterial hypotension (hypotension)

Some hypotensive patients use short-term means to raise blood pressure - strong tea, coffee, various pills to increase blood pressure, but, as a rule, after a few hours or the next day, the pressure is still low. The danger of this type of treatment for hypotension is the transition of the disease to chronic form, or exacerbation of the disease in the form of complications, which are described a little higher. This is due to the fact that the cause of the disease is not eliminated, but Lost time only complicates big picture health hypotension.

To prevent this from happening, before using pills or other medicines for low blood pressure, consult your doctor, who prescribes medicines for hypotension only after the cause of the disease has been established.

Most of the medications used for hypotension, ie. designed to increase pressure, have in their composition - caffeine, which is actually responsible for increasing blood pressure. Let's consider some of them.

Medicines for low blood pressure:"Askofen", "Coffetamine", "Ortho-taurine", "Piramein", "Regulton", "Saparal", "".

It is worth noting here that with an overdose of caffeine, it can happen reverse process – increased heart rate anxiety, frequent urination. Optimal dose caffeine - 0.1 g / day.

If the patient has a decrease mental capacity, incl. memory impairment, reduced concentration Attention, nootropic drugs are used. Their function is to reduce the need for oxygen by the cells of the body, as well as to restore all the vital processes necessary to maintain the health of a hypotonic person.

Nootropic drugs for hypotension: Aminalon, Vinpocetine, Cavinton, Xanthinol nicotinate, Niceroglin, Nootropil, Picamilon, Tanakan, Phenibut, Cinnarizine, Encephabol.

Means to maintain brain function at low blood pressure (amino acids, proteins, etc.):"Glycine", "Citrulline", "Cerebrolysin".

Other medicines for low blood pressure:"Heptamil", "Gutron", "Rantarin", "Simptol", "Ecdisten".

Before using any of the above remedies for low blood pressure, be sure to consult your doctor. Self-medication can cause irreparable harm to health!

Additional measures in the treatment of hypotension

– different types of massage: acupressure, hydromassage, reflexology;
- aromatherapy;
- aeroionotherapy (inhalation of ozonated air, as well as the use of darsonval to the heart, scalp and neck);
- visiting a psychotherapist.

Treatment of hypotension with folk remedies

Important! Before use folk remedies from low and low blood pressure, be sure to consult your doctor!

Treatment of hypotension at home can be done by the following means:

Coffee with honey and lemon. Grind 50 g of roasted coffee beans, which can be done with a coffee grinder. Add ground coffee to 500 g, and squeeze the juice from 1 here. Mix everything thoroughly. The remedy must be taken 1 teaspoon 2 hours after a meal. The product must be stored in the refrigerator.

Lemongrass. Pour the crushed fruits of Schisandra chinensis 40 ° with alcohol, in a ratio of 1:10. Leave the remedy in a dark place for 2 weeks. Tincture take 25-40 drops per 1 tbsp. spoon cold water 30 minutes before a meal.

Ginger. Dissolve half a teaspoon of ginger powder in 1 cup of sweet strong tea. Take the remedy 3 times a day for 1 week.

Rhodiola rosea (golden root). Drink Rhodiola rosea extract 5-10 drops 20 minutes before meals, 2-3 times a day for 10-20 days.

Low pressure charges

Note 1: hours - parts.
Note 2: Take all the listed fees for 1/3-¼ cup 3-4 times a day, for 1-2 months. Then we take a break for a month and the course can be repeated.
Note 3. To prepare the collection, you need to pour 2 tablespoons of it into a thermos and pour 2 cups of boiling water, then let it brew for 12 hours.

Collection number 7: blueberry leaves (1 hour), lingonberry leaves (1 hour), blackcurrant leaves (1 hour), thick-leaved bergenia (2 hours), forgotten kopeechnik (1 hour), golden root (1 hour), fireweed narrow-leaved (1 hour), thyme (0.5 hours). Three Art. spoons of the collection are poured with a liter of water and boiled over low heat for 5-7 minutes. Next, the remedy is infused for 30 minutes and taken 2-3 glasses a day, like regular tea, with the addition of sugar or.