Massage technique for hypotension. Massage technique for hypotension

Allocate primary or neurocirculatory, hypotension and secondary or symptomatic. Massage helps to reduce the manifestations of the disease.

Massage for arterial hypotension

Primary hypotension occurs as a result of functional disorders of the higher parts of the central nervous system that regulate the motor activity of blood vessels. It is characterized by the predominance of braking processes. A significant role in this is played by neuropsychic and physical overstrain.

Secondary hypotension occurs as a result of functional disorders of the nervous and cardiovascular systems that occur after infectious and peptic ulcers, traumatic brain injuries, with functional disorders of the endocrine glands, etc.

In the process of recovery from the underlying disease, blood pressure also normalizes. The disease manifests itself:

a feeling of general weakness, lethargy;
headache of varying intensity and localization;
dizziness, with the intention to quickly change the position of the body - darkening in the eyes;
increased irritability, insomnia;
discomfort in the region of the heart;
decrease in blood pressure and pulse lability with a tendency to bradycardia;
decrease in performance.

Massage task

normalize the functional state of the somatic and autonomic nervous system;
improve the neuro-psychic status and resistance of the body to the negative influence of environmental factors;
accelerate recovery from diseases that reduce blood pressure;
contribute to the elimination of clinical manifestations of the disease.

Indications for the appointment of massage: neurocirculatory dystonia of the hypotonic type, symptomatic hypotension.

Massage contraindications:

severe general condition of the patient;
a significant decrease in blood pressure (below 90/60 mm Hg;
exacerbation of clinical symptoms;
general contraindications.

Massage plan

Neck massage.
Massage of paravertebral and reflexogenic zones of innervation S5-S1 L5-L1 of the spinal segments.
Massage of the pelvis, abdomen and lower extremities.

Back massage

Massage technique

The collar area is massaged in the position of the patient sitting at a massage table or astride a chair, the head rests on the headrest or the patient's hands. Massage of the collar zone includes: massage of the back and lateral cervical areas, scapular subclavian deltoid areas.

Planar and enveloping stroking of the posterior and lateral cervical areas starts from the upper nuchal line and spine. Movements are directed to the shoulders and shoulder blades. Hands move sequentially or in parallel.

Spiral rubbing of the back of the head, mastoid processes, posterior and lateral cervical, scapular, subclavian, deltoid, areas. The following rubbing sequence is effective: occipital region - sawing, lateral and posterior cervical areas - straight-line rubbing with fingers, trapezius muscle (upper edge) - encircling rubbing with the whole palm or intersections. The brushes move in parallel, in opposite phases.

Rubbing of the VII cervical vertebra: circular rubbing of the spinous process, with the thumb - spiral or with several fingers from the vertebra outwards by 2-2.5 cm and return back in the same way. Thus, a massage is carried out in the form of rays of the sun ("sun"). The speed of movements and the force of pressing gradually increase.

Kneading, pressing, displacement of the trapezius and large muscles of the chest. The edges of the trapezius muscle, deltoid muscles - are massaged by longitudinal and transverse kneading, the sternocleidomastoid - by forceps kneading.

Deeply capturing the muscles or pressing on them, they thoroughly knead both superficial and deep layers all the way from the point of origin to the point of attachment. Deep muscles are massaged with spiral rubbing. All these techniques alternate with stroking.

In the presence of a headache, a head massage is performed: rake-like stroking and rubbing in circular directions along the scalp, displacement and stretching of the skin sagittally and frontally. The site of localization of the headache is massaged additionally.

Parovertebral zones are massaged in the position of the patient - lying on his stomach. Massage of the spinal zones is carried out from below - to the overlying spinal segments S5-S1 and L5-L1: planar stroking, rubbing with spiral fingers, shading, rake-like rubbing of the interspinous spaces, spiral rubbing with fingers of the spinous processes, sacrum. They knead the long muscles of the back by shifting, pressing, stretching with the fingers, the supporting part of the hand, rake-like.

Massage of the gluteal areas is performed:

superficial and deep stroking;
rubbing muscles, sawing, crossing, hatching;
longitudinal and transverse comb-like kneading, displacement, pressing with a hand, fist, weighted brush. The force of pressing, the amplitude of movements gradually increase.
slow, then fast shaking of the muscles, patting, chopping;
iliac crests - spiral rubbing with fingers;
end the massage of the area of the sciatic nerve by stroking.

Lower limb massage

The lower limbs are massaged in the position of the patient on the back, a roller is placed under the knees. Performed by:

planar stroking of the foot, superficial and deep embracing stroking of the lower leg and thigh with two hands, which move parallel or sequentially in the direction of the inguinal lymph nodes;
rubbing with the palmar surface of both hands placed parallel in opposite directions;
rubbing spiral or rectilinear with a brush or fist of one or two hands;
comb-like rubbing, sawing of the thigh area;
transverse and longitudinal kneading, felting of the muscles of the lower leg and thigh;
patting, chopping, shaking, shaking the lower limb;
stroking at the end and between doses.

The abdomen is massaged in the position of the patient on the back, a roller is placed under the knees. Massage is performed with planar superficial and deep stroking clockwise around the navel to the periphery. They continue with embracing superficial and deep stroking of the lateral surfaces of the abdomen. Then they stroke above the navel, directing the movement to the axillary lymph nodes. Further below - to the inguinal lymph nodes.

The anterior abdominal wall is massaged, kneading by rolling the skin and muscles, transverse kneading with both hands from the pubic bone upwards.

The oblique muscles of the abdomen are kneaded by clasping them with hands, shifting, stretching and squeezing. The iliac crests are rubbed spirally, then the anterior abdominal wall is massaged by chopping, tapping, patting.

Perform shaking of the abdomen in the transverse and longitudinal directions and vibration stroking. Finish with stroking.

The procedure continues - 15-20 minutes with a course of treatment - 15-20 procedures every other day. Massage procedures are combined with physical exercises and physiotherapy procedures.

Is it possible to massage at high or low pressure and with hypotension

Physiotherapy today is considered an effective way to normalize blood pressure. Previously, it was believed that carrying out such a procedure at elevated pressure is prohibited, and self-massage with hypertension cannot be done, but today the opinion of doctors has changed. With hypotension, massage helps to stabilize pressure and improves the patient's well-being. To obtain the desired effect, it is important to know about the rules of the procedure.

The influence of the massage procedure on the normalization of pressure

With hypertension, high pressure indicators are observed, the values \u200b\u200bof which can exceed 140/110. With hypotension, the situation is reversed, the pressure is below normal at the border of 100/60 or less, which is also the cause of poor health.

With high pressure, a person experiences a sharp deterioration in well-being. He may suffer from headaches, chest discomfort, tinnitus, flies in the eyes. With the appearance of arterial hypertension and very high rates, the consequences can be sad, the result of which can be a stroke, heart attack, or even death of a person. A characteristic symptom of low pressure is apathy, weakness, fatigue.

Carrying out massage helps to improve blood circulation and vascular tone, relieve spasms in problem areas.

As a result, the patient's condition and pressure indicators are normalized. At the same time, it is important that the massage is carried out by a competent specialist who has an idea about the anatomical features and techniques of massage in different situations, otherwise the patient's condition may worsen. With increased pressure, the session involves only a point impact in compliance with the rules of working with the patient.

Head massage for low blood pressure and hypotension

Head massage is carried out in order to increase the pressure by relieving spasms of blood vessels and improving blood supply. The procedure involves the simultaneous action of the fingers of two hands. The session starts from the area of the auricles, moving with the help of circular movements to the base of the skull and the back of the head. Gradually work out the surface of the head in full.

Rules for preparing for a massage

Any massage involves preliminary preparation of the patient for the procedure, the improper conduct of which can weaken the effect as a result of reflex action. The procedure is done in a special place designed for a session, during which the massage therapist stands.

The process looks like this:

the patient prepares for the procedure by removing excess clothing;
the patient lies down on a special massage couch;
the specialist begins smooth stroking.

After preliminary preparation, the masseur smoothly proceeds to the technique, massaging and rubbing certain areas or conducting acupressure, depending on the goals.

Applied medical techniques

Today, there are several techniques, each of which involves the use of low or high pressure. It is mandatory that a person with experience is selected for treatment, and the procedure must be carried out by a qualified doctor.

You should first inquire about the availability of special education from a specialist, available certificates, study the reviews of previous clients.

Massage treatment and the possibility of its appointment is determined by the attending physician, depending on the clinical picture. The session is carried out only in a satisfactory condition of the patient.

All massage techniques are based on the impact on the patient's body, as a result of which the appearance of reflexes is provoked, leading to a narrowing or expansion of blood vessels.

classical

The technique involves stroking and rubbing. If the technique is performed correctly, the patient relaxes, and the nervous system becomes less excitable. As a result, tension is removed from the walls of blood vessels, and pressure normalizes. After a classic massage, you can expect a decrease in headache, dizziness, the feeling of nausea and pulsation in the temples with hypertension disappears.

At reduced pressure, by improving the nutrition of tissues and enriching them with oxygen, the state stabilizes.

Use the following movements:

strokes - contribute to the improvement of metabolic tissues, can be varied, including intermittent;
rubbing - raise the tone, depending on the intensity and strength of the movements, excite or calm the nervous system;
kneading - contribute to the activation of the movement of blood and lymph, are longitudinal and transverse;
vibrations - able to affect the deep layers, as well as internal organs.

Classical technique always assumes a certain sequence with zones. The procedure begins with the cervical-collar region and ends with the abdominal area.

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The procedure involves a directed impact on certain points. In most cases, they are responsible for the work of a certain organ of the human body or are able to influence it. This technique requires a lot of knowledge and experience working with patients.

With acupressure, it is important to observe the following rules:

accurately determine the point of impact;
use the movement of pressure and vibration;
the duration of the procedure varies from 30 to 40 minutes;
the duration of exposure to the point is from 3 to 5 seconds.

Massage can be carried out when exposed to active points located on the neck, head and legs. With the correct technique of the procedure, the patient experiences a slight sensation of pleasant warmth in the place of pressure.

Execution Method

The specialist focuses on those parts of the body that are directly related to the passage of nerve pathways. The impact is on the vasomotor centers, which include the head, neck and collar zone. At the same time, in most cases, it tries to alternate areas.

Before starting the procedure, the specialist measures the pressure indicators, and if they are acceptable, a session is scheduled.

If the blood pressure is too high or the pressure is too low, the session is postponed. Stably stable large deviations from the norm are the reason for the refusal of physiotherapy and require therapeutic intervention.

Effective methods involve exposure for 1 minute to each of them. With increased pressure, the duration of the physiotherapy should not be more than 15 minutes. Massage is carried out in courses, the number of sessions is determined by the attending physician. On average, patients are prescribed 15 procedures. It is important to use the services of a qualified specialist, and not to skip between appointments. Even if there is a stable result, it is impossible to immediately abandon drug treatment.

For the collar area

The massaged patient is located on a chair, the head is placed on intertwined hands located on the table. This pose allows you to relax the muscles of the back and neck as much as possible. Movements are performed only in the direction up and down.

The execution technique involves:

stroking;
rubbing;
spiral movements;
imitation of chopping and sawing movements.

When performing massage movements, the impact force is on average 3 times less compared to other areas. Finish the massage with light strokes.

For the back

Massage well relieves spasms in the muscles of the back and normalizes well-being. All movements are performed only in the direction from the back of the head to the angle of each of the shoulder blades.

The impact sequence is as follows:

rubbing is carried out in a straight line, then spiral movements are imitated;
the zone is kneaded with fingertips;
the impact on the spinous processes is carried out;
the first step is repeated.

The session ends with light stroking movements.

For the neck

Kneading the neck relieves spasms and improves blood circulation, which leads to the normalization of pressure. The specialist performs strokes in the area of the process and lymph nodes, successively moving to the pectoral muscle, sternum and ribs.

The chin and collarbone are subjected to massage movements. When working are used:

traditional strokes;
pinching movements;
rubbing;
creating vibration.

The massage is completed with stroking movements.

For the head

The massage is performed on the patient, who during the procedure lies on his stomach, and the head is on his hands during the session. Movements start from the crown, moving towards the back of the head, forehead and temples.

The following movements are used in the process:

light strokes with open fingers;
imitation of zigzags and circles with your fingertips;
light rubbing.

After the massage in these areas, the patient turns over, and the forehead area is treated, starting from the midline towards the temples. Finish the session with circular movements of rubbing in the area of the temples.

Self-massage for hypotension

At home, in the absence of serious health risks, self-massage can be performed. This method is effective when it is necessary to raise the pressure without resorting to outside help. The massage technique involves a general orientation of the impact.

Particular attention is paid to the lower extremities, the abdomen and the lumbosacral zone.

In order to increase the pressure, use the following movements:

intermittent strokes;
rubbing at an energetic pace;
active kneading;
intermittent vibration.

Massage at low pressure should be intense and make you tone up. It is recommended to do a daily morning massage of the feet, neck and shoulders, which will “start” the processes of blood supply and the functioning of vital systems. To increase the efficiency and effectiveness of the procedure, physiotherapy will help to harden the body, which will increase blood circulation and increase vascular tone.

Contraindications

Before conducting a massage course, a consultation with the attending physician and permission to conduct it is required. The possibility of massage with hypertension is often determined by the form of the course of the disease. The primary stage is typical for 95% of cases, and often the pathology is caused by stress and addictions. It is with this form of the disease that massage will be effective.

In the secondary form, physiotherapy is ineffective or can provoke an even greater increase in blood pressure.

Contraindications for session appointments:

hypertensive crisis;
the last stage of hypertension;
tendency to bleeding, problems with blood clotting;
tuberculosis;
tumor formations;
heart disease requiring surgical intervention.

A contraindication to massage procedures may be a disorder of the digestive system. Physiotherapy is not performed in the presence of damage, the problem of pathological or purulent skin diseases. The ban on holding is imposed by mental disorders, a state of depression or fever.

Features of massage from low blood pressure

Hypotension will be helped by massage, which is aimed at increasing pressure and relieving a person of unpleasant symptoms in the form of a feeling of weakness and lethargy, headache or dizziness, reduced performance. Different massage techniques can be used, but which one will be most effective in a particular case, a specialist will help determine.

Massage procedures will be useful in case of such diagnoses as:

Primary physiological neurocirculatory dystonia of hypotonic type. It is associated with prolonged psycho-emotional stress, including stress, various mental traumas, or a closed skull injury. It usually affects young people and teenagers.
Secondary pathological or chronic symptomatic hypotension. The secondary form develops against the background of other diseases, including gastric or duodenal ulcers, diseases of the endocrine and respiratory systems or blood circulation, intoxication of the body.

What's the use?

Properly performed massage with parallel intake of medications helps:

gradually increase the pressure;
reduce headaches;
normalize the work of the cardiovascular system;
improve the psycho-emotional state of a person;
reduce the risk of crises.

The effect of massage will be only if it is done regularly, so it is highly undesirable to skip sessions.

Massage Techniques

With hypotension, four types of massage are used:

Classical

With this massage, the lower back, pelvis, lower limbs and abdomen are treated. The main tool is the masseur's hands. During the session, the following techniques are used:

strokes. This technique always begins and ends the massage. It can also be used in between other techniques. Stroking is carried out so that there is no pain, and the skin does not gather in folds. When stroking, two hands are involved, which move alternately. They should glide over the skin. Deep stroking affects the lymphatic and circulatory systems. If it is intermittent, then it has an exciting effect on the nervous system, and if it is continuous, it reduces the excitability of tactile receptors.
Rubbing. With such manipulations, the underlying tissues are displaced in different directions, and skin folds form in front of the massage therapist's hands. Rub the skin with fingers, the elbow edge of the palm or the supporting part of the arm. This technique has a tonic effect, which, depending on the intensity, lowers or increases the excitability of the central nervous system.
kneading. They involve the effect on the muscles. To do this, the skin is grabbed by hand and pulled. The pace of admission should be slow and not cause pain in the client.
Vibration or shaking. These are oscillatory movements that are performed at different speeds and amplitudes. They affect not only the skin and muscles, but also the deeper layers of the tissue, as well as the internal organs.

The algorithm for performing classical massage for hypotension is presented below:

First massage the back. The patient is in a sitting or prone position. The procedure begins with a longitudinal stroke from the pelvis up to the shoulder blades. Next, they begin to knead, which is done with the fingertips, making tong-like movements. Thus, the long muscles of the back are massaged. Next, they proceed to rubbing, which is done with the help of the pads of four fingers, especially paying attention to the lumbar zone. Rubbing is performed in all directions from the spinal column. Finish the back massage with stroking.
Continue with a pelvic massage. The patient lies on his stomach and stretches his arms along the body. In the buttocks area, first use superficial and deep strokes, then rub them in different directions, knead, shake the muscles, and pat. Finish the massage in this area by stroking the area of the sciatic nerve.
Then proceed to the massage of the calf muscles. The patient lies on his back, and a roller is placed under the knee. The massage therapist starts by stroking the foot, then superficially and deeply begins to massage the legs and thighs with stroking movements, moving towards the inguinal lymph nodes. After warming up, they start rubbing the lower extremities, kneading and shaking. Massage ends with stroking.
The abdomen is massaged clockwise around the navel to the sides with stroking movements. Then stroke the area above the navel towards the axillary lymph nodes. Then they go down to the area below the navel and massage this area towards the inguinal lymph nodes. The session is completed by rubbing the muscles with your fingers, kneading and stroking.

Canned

This massage is performed using a small glass container. It is attached to the skin with the help of a vacuum and, without taking it away from it, massage is carried out. The jar is moved with continuous movements carried out along the spine from the bottom up - from the lumbar region to the cervical region.

This type of massage is highly effective, so it is carried out infrequently - once a week is enough. The course is about 2 months.

Stone massage

This is a massage using alternating hot and cold stones, which relax the muscles and have a beneficial effect on the vascular system. In this case, the specific impact depends on the stone:

hot stone massage warms and relaxes muscles, dilates blood vessels, improves blood circulation, enhances metabolic processes, normalizes a person’s state of mind;
massage with cold stones causes constriction of capillaries and blood vessels, increases muscle tone, enhances blood oxygenation.

In general, stone massage regulates the functioning of the vegetative-vascular nervous system, reduces the symptoms of hypotension - relieves pain, strengthens the immune system, and restores the psycho-emotional state.

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All listed types of massage are performed with the help of a specialist. But what if there is no way to make an appointment or no time to take a course? Then you should pay attention to acupressure. This type of massage can be performed independently at home, but on condition that you know exactly the location of the necessary active points that excite the nervous system and thereby increase pressure.

Acupressure algorithm:

They start with points located in the region of the carotid artery. Finding them is easy - you need to put your hand below the extreme point of the jaw on the left side and feel the pulsation. In this place, 3 intense pressures are made for 10 seconds with breaks. Then they press on the point from the other side.
Press on the points located on the occipital tubercles. Each of them is affected by 1-2 minutes.
In the central zone, the palms are pressed on the active point for 2 minutes, and then to the right and left of it.
Next, they act on a point located on the inside of the forearm. It is above the wrist to the width of the palm. Press hard for 2 minutes.
And the last point is on the back between the left shoulder blade and the spine. The exposure time is 2 minutes.

In order not to be mistaken with the location of the active points, it is worth consulting with a specialist and getting instructions from him, and only after that proceed to the independent massage.

Contraindications

Despite all the benefits, massage for hypotension should not be carried out in such cases:

against the background of the development of a hypotensive crisis;
at pressures below 90/60 mmHg;
with various skin diseases;
if there are mental disorders.

So, many massage techniques, when performed correctly and regularly, help to normalize blood pressure and get rid of unpleasant symptoms that make life difficult for hypotensive patients. Of course, it is advisable to make an appointment with a specialist, because illiterate independent actions can only aggravate the condition.

Does acupressure help with hypotension

Massage for hypotension is one of the most effective means to help increase vascular tone, normalize blood circulation and get rid of the negative manifestations of low blood pressure. In the process of mechanical influences on various parts of the body, in the skin, muscles, ligaments, tendons and blood vessels, nerve endings are irritated, which causes a response from the body and all its organs. In addition, highly active substances are produced in the tissues that improve metabolic processes and accelerate the movement of lymph and blood in the body. Massage optimizes the work of the heart, tones the blood vessels, facilitates the outflow of venous blood.

With hypotension, the use of various massage techniques helps to relieve headaches, normalize the state of the nervous system and blood pressure levels. In addition, massage helps to mobilize the internal forces of the body to fight diseases that caused pathological hypotension.

Types of massage for hypotension

With low pressure, the massage should be energetic and tonic, so it is best done in the morning.

There are many types of massage, and the purpose of any of them for hypotension is to increase vascular tone, improve blood circulation and facilitate the work of the heart.

Segmental reflex massage. The method is based on the impact on certain parts of the body and spinal cord. Due to stroking and kneading, blood and lymph are “squeezed out” from the vessels and the speed of their current increases. With the help of techniques of "chopping", tapping, patting, the nerve endings of the skin are irritated, and a tonic effect is exerted on the vessels and capillaries.

Acupressure Chinese massage

Acupressure for hypotension is carried out by pressing on the main bioactive points located on:

inner sides of the legs;
on the wrists;
forearms;
feet.

Thanks to this, the work of the heart improves and vascular tone normalizes. Based on the patient's feelings, the masseur can choose the most effective areas of influence from all possible.

Self-massage for hypotension

To normalize pressure and improve well-being, you can use self-massage techniques for the head, lumbar region, hips, shins and feet, abdomen and cervical-collar zone. Techniques are used, such as stroking, rubbing, kneading, vibration. Before the independent use of techniques, consultation and training with a specialist is necessary. It is important to note that massage should be prescribed by the attending physician and carried out by a qualified specialist. During the procedure, the massage therapist pays attention to the reactions and sensations of the patient.

Basic massage techniques

In addition to a positive effect on the nervous and cardiovascular systems, massage has a general strengthening effect and improves the psycho-emotional state of a patient suffering from low blood pressure.

The basic tricks are:

stroking - planar, wrapping, forceps, rake-shaped, cruciform, comb-shaped - improve metabolic processes in tissues and have a calming effect on the nervous system;
rubbing - tongs-shaped, intermittent, rake- and comb-shaped, "sawing", "chopping" - have a tonic effect, increase or decrease the excitability of the nervous system, depending on the intensity of the impact;
kneading - longitudinal, transverse, intermittent, stretching, rolling, shifting - activate blood flow and lymph flow, normalize the work of the central nervous system;
vibrations - labile, continuous, shaking - affect the deep layers of tissues and internal organs.

During the massage, the specialist combines various techniques and their varieties. During the session, he monitors the patient's sensations, and also regulates the intensity and duration of exposure.

The sequence of the procedure

In the process of massage from hypotension, the cervical-collar region, the lumbosacral region, the muscles of the buttocks, abdomen and lower extremities are worked out. In the presence of headaches massage the head area.

Neck-collar zone. The posterior and lateral parts of the neck, scapular, subclavian regions are being worked out. The direction of massage movements is towards the shoulders and shoulder blades. Techniques: stroking (spiral, encircling, straight), rubbing, sawing, pressing and kneading.

Lumbar region. Spinal zones, spinous processes, long back muscles are massaged. Techniques: stroking, rake-like rubbing, shading, kneading the back muscles by pressing and with displacement.
Buttock area. Techniques: deep and superficial stroking, hatching, sawing, comb-like kneading, rubbing, shifting, patting, "chopping", shaking.
lower limbs. Worked out alternately: hips, calf muscles, soles. Techniques: stroking, rubbing (spiral, rectilinear, comb-like), kneading (transverse, longitudinal), patting, shaking.
Belly area. Massage the anterior abdominal wall, lateral surfaces of the abdomen, oblique muscles. Techniques: stroking in a clockwise direction, horseshoe-shaped squeezes, single and double ring kneading, stroking, spiral rubbing, sawing, shaking.

Physical activity, outdoor activities, water procedures will help to overcome the unpleasant symptoms of low blood pressure and always be in a cheerful mood.

Massage technique for hypotension

In the treatment and prevention of hypotension, there are different ways to massage.

In other cases, general massage is more effective.

For secondary prevention of hypotension, massage of the lumbosacral region, gluteal muscles, lower extremities and abdomen is indicated.

The sequence of the massage

1. The starting position of the patient is lying on his stomach.

2. Massage should begin with the lumbosacral and gluteal muscles. Movements should be directed from top to bottom, and on the lower back - from the spine to the iliac bones. The following techniques are performed: combined stroking with both hands (4–5 times), squeezing with the palm of the hand on the long muscles (4–6 times), kneading with the edge of the palm and forceps (3–4 times each), double ring kneading on the latissimus dorsi (3–4 times), shaking (2-3 times).

3. After that, circular rubbing along the spine is performed with the fingertips of both hands (4-6 times), squeezing (3-4 times), stroking (4-6 times). Consistently repeat the described techniques 3-4 times, after which they proceed to massage the back surface of the lower extremities.

4. Planar and encircling stroking of the legs and thighs (5 times), rubbing the muscles of the legs and thighs (3 times), longitudinal and transverse kneading (3 times), vibration stroking (2 times) are performed. Massage first one, then the other leg.

5. Then the patient assumes a supine position. The anterior surface of the lower extremities is massaged with the following techniques: flat and encircling stroking of the legs and thighs (4-5 times), rubbing with the palmar surface of the hand, fingertips (3-4 times), longitudinal and transverse kneading (2-3 times ), vibration stroking (3-4 times). Finish by shaking the limbs.

The room in which the massage is performed must be well ventilated in advance.

The air temperature in it should be comfortable for the patient.

6. The procedure is completed with a massage of the abdomen, while the patient slightly bends the legs at the knee joints. At this stage, the following openings should be performed: planar circular superficial and deep stroking (5–6 times), covering stroking the upper half of the abdomen to the axillary lymph nodes, and the lower half to the inguinal (3–4 times), rubbing with the fingertips and the ulnar edge palms (3-5 times), longitudinal and transverse kneading (2-3 times). The whole complex of techniques in sequence can be repeated 2-3 times, but the total duration of the procedure should not exceed 20 minutes. The recommended course is 15-20 procedures, they should be carried out every other day.

Massage will help from, which is aimed at increasing pressure and relieving a person of unpleasant symptoms in the form of a feeling of weakness and lethargy, headache, or decreased performance. Different massage techniques can be used, but which one will be most effective in a particular case, a specialist will help determine.

Massage procedures will be useful in case of such diagnoses as:

Primary physiological neurocirculatory dystonia of hypotonic type. It is associated with prolonged psycho-emotional stress, including stress, various mental traumas, or a closed skull injury. It usually affects young people and teenagers.
Secondary pathological or chronic symptomatic hypotension. The secondary form develops against the background of other diseases, including gastric or duodenal ulcers, diseases of the endocrine and respiratory systems or blood circulation, intoxication of the body.

In the process of treating the underlying disease, low blood pressure also normalizes, and massage can be used as an additional wellness procedure.

What's the use?

Properly performed massage with parallel intake of medications helps:

gradually increase the pressure;
reduce headaches;
normalize the work of the cardiovascular system;
improve the psycho-emotional state of a person;
reduce the risk of crises.

The effect of massage will be only if it is done regularly, so it is highly undesirable to skip sessions.

Massage Techniques

With hypotension, four types of massage are used:

Classical

With this massage, the lower back, pelvis, lower limbs and abdomen are treated. The main tool is the masseur's hands. During the session, the following techniques are used:

strokes. This technique always begins and ends the massage. It can also be used in between other techniques. Stroking is carried out so that there is no pain, and the skin does not gather in folds. When stroking, two hands are involved, which move alternately. They should glide over the skin. Deep stroking affects the lymphatic and circulatory systems. If it is intermittent, then it has an exciting effect on the nervous system, and if it is continuous, it reduces the excitability of tactile receptors.
Rubbing. With such manipulations, the underlying tissues are displaced in different directions, and skin folds form in front of the massage therapist's hands. Rub the skin with fingers, the elbow edge of the palm or the supporting part of the arm. This technique has a tonic effect, which, depending on the intensity, lowers or increases the excitability of the central nervous system.
kneading. They involve the effect on the muscles. To do this, the skin is grabbed by hand and pulled. The pace of admission should be slow and not cause pain in the client.
Vibration or shaking. These are oscillatory movements that are performed at different speeds and amplitudes. They affect not only the skin and muscles, but also the deeper layers of the tissue, as well as the internal organs.

The algorithm for performing classical massage for hypotension is presented below:

First massage the back. The patient is in a sitting or prone position. The procedure begins with a longitudinal stroke from the pelvis up to the shoulder blades. Next, they begin to knead, which is done with the fingertips, making tong-like movements. Thus, the long muscles of the back are massaged. Next, they proceed to rubbing, which is done with the help of the pads of four fingers, especially paying attention to the lumbar zone. Rubbing is performed in all directions from the spinal column. Finish the back massage with stroking.
Continue with a pelvic massage. The patient lies on his stomach and stretches his arms along the body. In the buttocks area, first use superficial and deep strokes, then rub them in different directions, knead, shake the muscles, and pat. Finish the massage in this area by stroking the area of the sciatic nerve.
Then proceed to the massage of the calf muscles. The patient lies on his back, and a roller is placed under the knee. The massage therapist starts by stroking the foot, then superficially and deeply begins to massage the legs and thighs with stroking movements, moving towards the inguinal lymph nodes. After warming up, they start rubbing the lower extremities, kneading and shaking. Massage ends with stroking.
The abdomen is massaged clockwise around the navel to the sides with stroking movements. Then stroke the area above the navel towards the axillary lymph nodes. Then they go down to the area below the navel and massage this area towards the inguinal lymph nodes. The session is completed by rubbing the muscles with your fingers, kneading and stroking.

Canned

This type of massage is highly effective, so it is carried out infrequently - once a week is enough. The course is about 2 months.

This is a massage using alternating hot and cold stones, which relax the muscles and have a beneficial effect on the vascular system. In this case, the specific impact depends on the stone:

hot stone massage warms and relaxes muscles, dilates blood vessels, improves blood circulation, enhances metabolic processes, normalizes a person’s state of mind;
massage with cold stones causes constriction of capillaries and blood vessels, increases muscle tone, enhances blood oxygenation.

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Acupressure algorithm:

They start with points located in the region of the carotid artery. Finding them is easy - you need to put your hand below the extreme point of the jaw on the left side and feel the pulsation. In this place, 3 intense pressures are made for 10 seconds with breaks. Then they press on the point from the other side.
Press on the points located on the occipital tubercles. Each of them is affected by 1-2 minutes.
In the central zone, the palms are pressed on the active point for 2 minutes, and then to the right and left of it.
Next, they act on a point located on the inside of the forearm. It is above the wrist to the width of the palm. Press hard for 2 minutes.
And the last point is on the back between the left shoulder blade and the spine. The exposure time is 2 minutes.

It is important that the mechanical effect on biologically active points is carried out by intermittent pressure.

In order not to be mistaken with the location of the active points, it is worth consulting with a specialist and getting instructions from him, and only after that proceed to the independent massage.

Contraindications

Despite all the benefits, massage for hypotension should not be carried out in such cases:

against the backdrop of development;
at pressures below 90/60 mmHg;
with various skin diseases;
if there are mental disorders.

So, many massage techniques, when performed correctly and regularly, help to normalize blood pressure and get rid of unpleasant symptoms that complicate life. Of course, it is advisable to make an appointment with a specialist, because illiterate independent actions can only aggravate the condition.

Allocate primary or neurocirculatory, hypotension and secondary or symptomatic. Massage helps to reduce the manifestations of the disease.

In the process of recovery from the underlying disease, blood pressure also normalizes. The disease manifests itself:

a feeling of general weakness, lethargy;
headache of varying intensity and localization;
dizziness, with the intention to quickly change the position of the body - darkening in the eyes;
increased irritability, insomnia;
discomfort in the region of the heart;
decrease in blood pressure and pulse lability with a tendency to bradycardia;
decrease in performance.

Massage task

normalize the functional state of the somatic and autonomic nervous system;
improve the neuro-psychic status and the body's resistance to the negative influence of environmental factors;
accelerate recovery from diseases that reduce blood pressure;
contribute to the elimination of clinical manifestations of the disease.

Indications for the appointment of massage: neurocirculatory dystonia of the hypotonic type, symptomatic hypotension.

Massage contraindications:

severe general condition of the patient;
a significant decrease in blood pressure (below 90/60 mm Hg;
exacerbation of clinical symptoms;
general contraindications.

Massage plan

Neck massage.
Massage of paravertebral and reflexogenic zones of innervation S5-S1 L5-L1 of the spinal segments.
Massage of the pelvis, abdomen and lower extremities.

Massage technique

Spiral rubbing of the back of the head, mastoid processes, posterior and lateral cervical, scapular, subclavian, deltoid, areas. The following rubbing sequence is effective: the occipital region - sawing, the lateral and posterior cervical areas - rectilinear rubbing with fingers, the trapezius muscle (upper edge) - encircling rubbing with the whole palm or intersections. The brushes move in parallel, in opposite phases.

Parovertebral zones are massaged in the position of the patient - lying on his stomach. Massage of the spinal zones is carried out from below - to the overlying spinal segments S5-S1 and L5-L1: flat stroking, rubbing with spiral fingers, shading, rake-like rubbing of the interspinous spaces, spiral rubbing with fingers of the spinous processes, sacrum. They knead the long muscles of the back by shifting, pressing, stretching with the fingers, the supporting part of the hand, rake-like.

Massage of the gluteal areas is performed:

superficial and deep stroking;
rubbing muscles, sawing, crossing, hatching;
longitudinal and transverse comb-like kneading, displacement, pressing with a hand, fist, weighted brush. The force of pressing, the amplitude of movements gradually increase.
slow, then fast shaking of the muscles, patting, chopping;
iliac crests - spiral rubbing with fingers;
end the massage of the area of the sciatic nerve by stroking.

The lower limbs are massaged in the position of the patient on the back, a roller is placed under the knees. Performed by:

planar stroking of the foot, superficial and deep embracing stroking of the lower leg and thigh with two hands, which move parallel or sequentially in the direction of the inguinal lymph nodes;
rubbing with the palmar surface of both hands placed parallel in opposite directions;
rubbing spiral or rectilinear with a brush or fist of one or two hands;
comb-like rubbing, sawing of the thigh area;
transverse and longitudinal kneading, felting of the muscles of the lower leg and thigh;
patting, chopping, shaking, shaking the lower limb;
stroking at the end and between doses.

The anterior abdominal wall is massaged, kneading by rolling the skin and muscles, transverse kneading with both hands from the pubic bone upwards.

Arterial hypotension or hypotension is a prolonged state of low blood pressure, in which systolic does not exceed 100 mm Hg. Art., and diastolic - 60 mm Hg. Art. It develops as a result of a decrease in the tone of medium and small arteries due to violations of the adaptive capacity of the circulatory apparatus.

Arterial hypotension can be primary and secondary . Primary or essential hypotension can manifest itself either as a hereditary predisposition to low blood pressure that does not go beyond the norm, or as a chronic disease. In the first case, one speaks of physiological hypotension, and in the second - about neurocirculatory asthenia. This disease is characterized by certain symptoms, among which weakness, dizziness, fatigue, headache, lethargy. However, there is still no single point of view on whether arterial hypotension is a disease. Supporters of this point of view argue that arterial hypotension causes a whole range of clinical symptoms, requires treatment and, therefore, can be considered a disease. Their opponents object to such a definition of hypotension and consider it not a disease, but a physiological property of the body. This point of view is due to the fact that arterial hypotension does not cause any pathological changes in the body and does not lead, in contrast to hypertension, to dire consequences.

There are two variants of the course of the disease, depending on the predominance of inhibition (more often) or excitation processes in the cerebral cortex. At the same time, clinically, in one form, asthenic syndrome is noted with lethargy, lethargy, depression, drowsiness, and a persistent decrease in blood pressure. Headache is localized more often in the fronto-parietal and temporal regions, the tendency to decrease the pulse at rest, by the evening the blood pressure does not change. On examination, the ophthalmologist reveals atony of the fundus vessels in the fundus.

In another form, increased irritability, superficial restless sleep, headaches in the occipito-parietal region, a pronounced tendency to increase blood pressure in the evening prevail; a tendency to increase the pulse at rest, an examination by an ophthalmologist reveals a spasm of the fundus vessels.
Concerning secondary arterial hypotension, she, as well as secondary hypertension, occurs as a result of a number of diseases (for example, with peptic ulcer, anemia, hepatitis, liver cirrhosis), as a side effect of certain drugs, etc. In this case, arterial hypotension is unequivocally considered not as a disease that needs treatment, but as a symptom of the disease, the elimination of which will occur due to the treatment of its underlying cause.

Suffer from arterial hypotension most often women aged 30-40 years, and sometimes younger (from 19 to 30 years), engaged in mental work. Arterial hypotension affects men less often, partly, apparently, due to the fact that men are much more likely than women to suffer from hypertension. In old age, with the affected atherosclerosis vessels may occur atherosclerotic hypotension characterized by loss of vascular tone and heart muscles as a result of atherosclerotic changes.
Hypotension can also occur in quite healthy people, for example, in athletes with constant high physical exertion.

In this case, low blood pressure is a kind of protective measure of the body. The fact is that with constant overloads, the body begins to work in a more “economical” mode, a person’s heart rate becomes less frequent and blood pressure decreases. This variant of the development of hypotension is called fitness hypotension.
The pressure also decreases when a person adapts to a sharp change in climatic or weather conditions, for example, in a resident of the middle zone, the pressure can decrease in high mountains, in the Arctic, or, conversely, in the tropics. In addition, other factors can also affect the pressure level, lowering it: high humidity, the influence of electromagnetic fields, radiation, etc. Hypotension may also be a manifestation of some types allergic reactions.

Compared to many others vascular dysfunction, such as hypertension, hypotension seems to be a harmless ailment. But, nevertheless, it causes a lot of inconvenience to people with low blood pressure and partly prevents them from leading a full life. In addition, constantly low blood pressure can lead to the development of more serious disorders in the functioning of various body systems. Therefore, the treatment of hypotension, like any vascular disease, must be carried out under the guidance of cardiologist, timely and competently.

Treatment of hypotensive conditions is aimed at eliminating the cause and the main pathogenetic factor. Tonic agents, vasopressor preparations are prescribed, massage, physical exercises, tea, coffee are recommended.

Helps with hypotension and any kind of vascular training, for example, a contrast shower, dousing with cold water, a bath or sauna, massage and hydromassage . But here, as in everything, it is very important for hypotensive patients to have a sense of proportion and the ability to listen to their body. Temperature fluctuations should not be too sharp, and “acquaintance” with bath procedures should be started gradually, avoiding everything that causes discomfort.

As for dousing, it is better to douse as a whole, with the head, so that there is no difference in the tone of the vessels of the head and the rest of the body.

Massage procedures, as well as moderate physical activity, have a positive effect on hypotensive patients. Massage for hypotension strengthens the body, improves work cardiovascular, nervous(regulation of blood circulation), muscular systems, metabolism, helps to learn to alternate relaxation and muscle contraction.

The goals of the massage are to reduce headaches, increase blood pressure, help normalize the psycho-emotional state, increase efficiency, prevent possible crises, strengthen reflex connections between the cerebral cortex and the cardiovascular system, improve general hemodynamics and the state of angioreceptors, eliminate congestion in the abdominal cavity.

The massage technique and its dosage depend on the patient's condition and the clinical manifestation of the disease. It is also possible to use a general massage with an emphasis on the lumbosacral region, lower limbs and abdomen. The first general massage procedures are short, no more than 30 minutes, the massage is light, as the condition improves, kneading techniques are connected and the duration of the massage is increased. Initially, the massage consists mainly of stroking and rubbing, then includes light kneading and intermittent light vibration with high frequency. With a general massage, attention is paid to large muscle groups.

An approximate scheme of massage and the content of the massage procedure for arterial hypotension

In the initial position of the patient lying on his stomach, the following is performed:

1. Back and shoulder massage

2. Massage of the lumbosacral region and buttocks

In the initial position of the patient lying on his back, the following is performed:

1. Massage of the lower extremities according to the general plan

2. Abdominal massage

3. Massage of the anterior surface of the chest (preparatory)

4. Massage of the upper limbs (according to the general plan)

5. Massage of the forehead and scalp

You can massage only the lumbosacral region for a reflex effect on the adrenal glands, then the lower extremities and abdomen.

In the initial position of the patient lying on his stomach, massage the lumbosacral region.

1. Spiral stroking, starting from the buttocks to the level of the 10th thoracic vertebra.

2. Alternate rubbing in an oblique direction in the same place.

3. Separate-successive stroking.

4. Sawing.

5. Ironing (1 option).

6. Spiral rubbing with four 4 fingers of both hands.

7. Ironing (option 2).

8. Semicircular kneading.

9. Separate-consecutive stroking.

10.Light patting or chopping.

11. Spiral light stroke.

In the initial position of the patient lying on his back, massage of the lower extremities is performed according to the method of general massage. Receptions are performed in the proximal direction, trying to cover the leg from all sides.

1. Embracing uninterrupted stroking.

2. Alternate rubbing.

3. Embracing uninterrupted stroking.

4. Spiral rubbing with four fingers.

5. Embracing uninterrupted stroking.

6. Longitudinal intermittent kneading.

7. Embracing uninterrupted stroking.

8. Intermittent transverse kneading.

9. Embracing uninterrupted stroking.

10. Shaking or patting.

11. Covering uninterrupted stroking.

In the same initial position of the patient, a massage of the abdomen is performed - a light short massage of the abdominal muscles.

1. Superficial circular planar stroking over the entire surface of the abdomen.

2. Alternate rubbing.

3. Light circular planar stroking.

4. Easy sawing.

5. Stroking the rectus and oblique abdominal muscles.

6. Light spiral rubbing with four fingers.

7. Combined stroking.

8. Light transverse intermittent kneading.

9.Legkoe combined stroking.
10. Concussion.

11. Light circular planar stroking.

The duration of the massage of the lumbosacral region, lower extremities and abdomen is 25-30 minutes, the course is 20-25 procedures daily. It is recommended to repeat in 1.5-2 months.

A good result is given by hardware massage with a hemispherical rubber vibratod. It is carried out in the area of large veins of the neck on both sides towards the heart, then gentle vibrations are produced in 4-5 intercostal spaces for 2-3 minutes. Vibration of the heart area increases the tone of the heart muscle, relieves pain in the heart area, improves heart rate and conduction of intracardiac nerve pathways, and coordinates the work of various parts of the heart.

Low blood pressure has a detrimental effect on the body. Patients feel a constant loss of strength, chronic fatigue, they are disturbed by sleep disturbances, depression, lack of appetite. With a tendency to hypotension, massage is indicated using various methods.

Diseases of the heart and blood vessels manifest themselves not only as a tendency to high blood pressure - hypertension. No less trouble is caused by low blood pressure - hypotonic status. Massage for hypotension is used to normalize the level of blood pressure, only in this case it is necessary to increase the tone of the vascular wall.

Insufficient blood pressure on the vascular wall indicates several problems. First of all, a tendency to low blood pressure can be a consequence of the following conditions:

hereditary factor;
vegetative-vascular dystonia;
malnutrition;
stress, neurological status;
lack of sufficient physical activity or their excessive amount.

The tendency to hypotension or hypertension can be inherited. Most often, patients with low blood pressure indicate the presence of close relatives with similar pathologies. This reason closely echoes the presence of vegetative-vascular dystonia. The disease consists in a breakdown of the functional regulatory mechanisms between the nervous system and cardiovascular activity.

Inadequate nutrition is not only a small amount compared to the physiological norm, but also the lack of essential vitamins, trace elements, nutrients, low calorie content. Often a similar phenomenon - - can be observed among fans of all kinds of diets, especially low-calorie and short-term ones.

The impact of stress, emotional overload leads to exhaustion of the nervous system, a decrease in vegetative-vascular reactions, and lack of appetite. This in the initial stages can lead to a hypertonic reaction, then the vessels lose their tone, and a state of low blood pressure develops.

Reduced physical activity or, conversely, exhausting sports activities using exorbitant loads can also cause a tendency to hypotonic status. Correction of this condition leads to an improvement in the patient's condition, an increase in vitality. In this case, massage with hypotension has an auxiliary effect, has a beneficial effect on the nervous system.

Massage for hypotension

It is possible to diagnose hypotension by identifying subjective complaints of frequent headaches, chronic fatigue, lack of appetite, and apathy. Blood pressure in such patients ranges below 100 mm Hg. Art. The use of pharmacological agents at low pressure gives good results, especially with regular course use.

However, drugs may have contraindications from other organs or systems, therefore, in order to stabilize the condition, increase the effectiveness of drugs, it is necessary to use not only traditional, but also acupressure for hypotension. The correct impact on biologically active points helps to significantly improve the patient's condition.

Any types of massage indicated for hypotension are effective means for treating the disease, they are a good prevention of the occurrence of crisis conditions.

If you do regular massage for hypertension and hypotension, blood pressure returns to normal values, the frequency of headaches decreases, the psycho-emotional state of patients improves significantly.

With regard to reduced blood pressure, it is approaching the age norm. At the subjective level, this is expressed by the normalization of sleep in patients, improved appetite, the appearance of a positive emotional reaction to external factors, improved communication and well-being in general.

Types of massage for hypotension

There are several massage techniques. With hypotension, you can use one of them or a combination of several. It all depends on the patient's condition, the presence of indications or contraindications for the use of a particular technique, as well as the effectiveness of the chosen method.

Acupressure

This technique came to us from the East, more precisely, from China. Ancient Chinese healers successfully treated various diseases using acupressure. It is based on the stimulation of biologically active points with the help of hands. Stimulation must be strictly regulated, the depth and strength of the impact also require high professionalism from the massage therapist.

With mild hypotension, you should use the technique of light stroking certain points in the morning. A similar effect is produced for 20 - 30 seconds. Then, as the condition improves, the stimulation time should be increased to one to two minutes. The session ends with a light general stroking, which harmonizes the energy, directs it along the energy channels.

The result of acupressure is a significant improvement in well-being, increased vitality with simultaneous stabilization of the emotional status.

Classic massage

This technique is available for wide study, but it also requires high professionalism, accuracy in performing movements, and understanding of the force of impact on the body. Classical massage improves the functional efficiency of the central nervous system, regulates the activity of blood vessels.

Begin the procedure from the lumbar region. Rubbing movements from the bottom up massage the lumbar region, then along the spinal column. After warming up the vessels along the spine, it is necessary to improve the blood flow of the pelvic region, sacrum, and gluteal muscles. Vigorous rubbing of the back and front of the thighs, muscles of the calf of the legs enhances blood circulation in the pulmonary circulation.

The duration is gradually increased from a quarter of an hour to 20 - 25 minutes. For one course it is necessary to plan at least 15 - 20 sessions. The intensity of the physical impact should be quite high, because it is necessary to achieve a stimulating effect, not a relaxing one.

Cupping massage

This type of massaging is performed using a small glass container that resembles a jar. It is attached to the skin with the help of a vacuum, after which it is massaged without removing it from the surface of the skin. First, continuous movement is carried out along the spine from the bottom up, from the lumbar region to the cervical region.

Mandatory key attention is paid to the 7th cervical vertebra. The surface of the skin above it must be carefully worked out.

Cupping massage is highly effective, so sessions are held no more than once every 7 days, but the duration of the course is extended by 1.5 - 2 months. Thus, a long-term fixed effect of cupping massage is achieved.

Indications and contraindications

The basis for prescribing a course of massage at low pressure is the presence of neurocirculatory dystonia of the hypotonic type, a symptomatic tendency to low blood pressure.

To prescribe a massage, stable blood pressure is necessary, the patient's desire to attend regular sessions, since only a course of massage treatment can give a good therapeutic and psycho-emotional effect.

If the general condition of the patient is severe or moderate, blood pressure is lowered below 90 mm Hg. Art., he is in the stage of exacerbation of the clinical picture of somatic diseases, it is better to refuse therapeutic antihypotensive massage. It is necessary to increase the level of pressure to stable numbers, otherwise the condition of the nervous system can worsen. General contraindications are skin diseases, mental disorders.