How to treat kernig's syndrome with folk remedies. It is easier to endure strong attacks will help. What is contraindicated in patients with this syndrome

Human body able to rebuild, and in the cold season, protecting the most important organs, tries to increase blood flow to them, narrowing the vessels of the limbs. In most people in a warm room, thermoregulation is quickly restored. But about 10% feel pain, burning, tingling, provoked by severe vasospasm and impaired arterial blood flow in the limbs. This pathology was named after the French therapist M. Reynaud, who first described its manifestations.

Causes of Raynaud's Syndrome

Raynaud's syndrome can provoke a wide variety of diseases. Experts counted them about 70. More often than others, they name such reasons:

• genetic predisposition;
• injuries or frequent vibration of the hands and feet;
• psycho-emotional instability, frequent stress;
• climatic conditions;
• vascular pathology (atherosclerosis, blood clots);
• prolonged immobilization of the limb;
• violations endocrine system(decreased functionality of the thyroid and sex glands);
• anomalies of a rheumatic nature (systemic scleroderma, dermatomyositis, lupus erythematosus and a number of others);
• blood diseases (cryoglobulinemia, thrombocytosis, multiple myeloma);
• response to potent anticancer drugs medications(usually the manifestations of the syndrome stop after the drug is discontinued).

This is far from complete list causes of Raynaud's syndrome and a disease that has similar symptoms. In the treatment of the disease, an individual approach is important.

Classification and main symptoms

If the patient shows signs of the syndrome for the first time, then he will definitely be prescribed diagnostic studies to differentiate the nature of the disease. In medicine, this pathology is divided into two types.

1. Primary (another name is Raynaud's phenomenon). This condition is classified as Raynaud's disease. Approximately 70% of patients with similar symptoms determine this particular form. pathological condition. It is characterized by:

• early start diseases (may occur in a child, but usually from 14 to 30 years old) more often in women;
• symmetrical damage to the limbs;
• pain sensations are accompanied by blanching or blueing of a part of the body, sometimes in the form of a marble pattern;
• vasospasm under the influence of low temperatures or stress, lasting 15-20 minutes;
• fingers of the extremities are usually affected, less often - the tip of the nose and tongue, chin, auricles, patches of skin over the kneecaps.

2. A secondary phenomenon - Raynaud's syndrome, with many similar manifestations, has its own characteristics:

• develops at the age of 40 and older more often in men;
• characterized by asymmetry of pain attacks;
• on the fingers (and especially the lower extremities) ulcerations (tissue ischemia) may occur, which are formed due to a lack of oxygen in the blood;
• with capillaroscopy, vascular lesions are determined;
• specific autoantibodies are detected in the blood;
• has a hereditary character (manifested, as a rule, in 25% of close relatives).

These two pathologies differ from each other in the cause and mechanism of development, possible consequences and methods of treatment.

Concomitant diseases

Associated diseases are related to secondary pathology(namely the syndrome). Diseases affecting nerve endings and blood vessels, as a result, can lead to impaired blood supply to the limbs, which is manifested by numbness, tingling, burning. But unlike Raynaud's disease, complications often occur. different severity up to tissue death (necrosis). Blood diseases can provoke such a condition, of cardio-vascular system, connective tissue, some chronic ailments, hormonal disorders.

Pathology will progress if proper attention is not paid to the treatment of concomitant disease.

Diagnostic studies

The diagnosis is usually established already at the first visit to the doctor according to the patient's complaints. For this, it is enough for an experienced specialist to assess the external symptoms:

• hypersensitivity fingers to exposure to cold;
• discoloration of the skin of the fingertips from normal to white and bluish on cooling.

In the photo - hands in the stage of cyanosis (the color of the fingertips is due to high content carbon dioxide in blood).

• whether the patient has problems with connective tissue (skin pathologies, arthritis, myalgia, cardiological and pulmonary diseases);
• whether the patient underwent chemotherapy shortly before the onset of the syndrome;
• whether the work and leisure of the patient are connected with the vibrations of the hands and feet.

The methods used to diagnose Raynaud's syndrome are divided into general and instrumental. The first group includes:

• blood test (clinical and biochemical);
• immunological blood test, clotting test;
• studying the anamnesis in order to identify diseases that provoke Raynaud's syndrome or have similar symptoms.

Instrumental examination allows you to detect concomitant diseases and assess the condition of the capillaries. The most informative among them are:

• ultrasound examination of the thyroid gland;
• radiography or MRI of the cervical spine;
• capillaroscopy (a method that allows you to identify changes in the capillary structure and impaired blood supply to the fingers and toes);
• laser Doppler vascular flowmetry (to determine the intensity of skin blood flow);
• rheovasography;
• color Doppler scanning (a method of visual study and measurement of the diameter of the digital artery);
• thermography (assessment of blood flow by the time of recovery of skin temperature after cooling);
• plethysmography (to measure blood pressure in the arteries of the fingers).

Instrumental and laboratory methods differentiation of the primary and secondary nature of the syndrome allows you to establish the final diagnosis, the severity of the disease and prescribe an effective treatment.

Raynaud's disease treatment

Methods of treatment depend on the type of pathology. For patients who have been diagnosed with Raynaud's disease, it is enough to eliminate provoking factors, undergo a course of therapy aimed at eliminating vascular spasm, improving blood circulation in tissues and reducing anxiety.
Treatment of Raynaud's syndrome, in addition to the measures already listed, requires eliminating the causes of the underlying disease, strengthening immunity, cleansing blood vessels of cholesterol, correcting blood properties, and eliminating pain.

Treatment methods are usually medical, and with tissue necrosis, it is possible surgical intervention.

An excellent addition to the course of treatment can be physiotherapy, gymnastics for blood vessels, massage, psychotherapy, homeopathic remedies:

• "Aconite";
• "Carbo vegetalis".

Be sure to consult with your doctor before taking medications.

Medications

Medicines used to treat pathology can be divided according to their action into several groups:

1. To reduce the tone of the walls of blood vessels and eliminate spasm ("Nifedipine", "Amlodipine").
2. To block the transmission of vasoconstrictor impulses ("Doxazosin", "Tropafen", "Fentolamine").
3. Vasodilator drugs ("Pentoxifylline").
4. Antispasmodics ("No-shpa").
5. Sedatives.
6. For tissue regeneration ("Actovegin").

Attention! Medications should be selected by a doctor.

Folk recipes

Traditional medicine also offers time-tested effective ways fight against the disease, aimed at normalizing the work of the central nervous system and circulation in the arms and legs. Her recipes are a good addition to traditional methods treatment. Replace the entire treatment in medical institution unofficial is not worth it. You will not be able to find out the cause and detect concomitant diseases on your own, and there will be no long-term improvement in the treatment of symptoms alone.

Restore blood circulation in the limbs will help therapeutic baths for hands and feet:

1. Bath with the addition of kitchen salt and wood ash. For 5 liters of water, the temperature of which is about 40 degrees, - 1 cup of salt and 2 cups of ash. Dip your arms (or legs) into the water, wrap up and sit like this for 15-20 minutes. Then wipe the body dry, put on socks and cotton gloves until the hands and feet are cool.
2. Foot bath (birch). Branches and leaves are harvested for future use at the end of May - June. Pour water into a 10-liter container, put on fire and, when it starts to boil, put Birch broom. After 3–5 minutes, they are removed from the fire, insisted until the temperature drops to 37–40 degrees, and filtered. Such baths will help not only improve blood circulation, but also normalize water-salt metabolism.
3. contrast baths. The essence of the treatment is a rapid change in the temperature of the environment. Such baths are useful for both hands and feet. Place two containers side by side: one with cold (about 10-15 degrees), and the other with hot water. Alternately lower the limbs into one or the other container, causing alternately rushes of blood to the limbs and ebbs from them. In water, you can steam oregano, St. John's wort, elecampane.

Important! People who have malignant neoplasms, any baths are prohibited!

More traditional healers to prevent spasms of blood vessels, it is recommended to take tinctures, decoctions and simply teas from medicinal herbs. Before you start herbal treatment, remember if this plant is an allergen.

1. If the tips of the fingers, nose, and earlobes are very cold and even numb, it is recommended to drink tea in the mornings and evenings with the addition of:

• ginger;
• leaves and flowers of wild strawberries;
• lemon balm or peppermint;
• thyme.

2. Healing decoctions and infusions:

• 10 g mixed in equal parts rue, lemon balm and thyme pour 1 tbsp. boiling water, wrap, let it brew. Then strain, add boiled water to the volume of a glass and drink in three doses during the day. The course of treatment is 2 weeks.
• Mix in equal proportions onion peel, pine needles and wild rose berries. 30 g of the mixture is poured into 0.5 l of water and brought to a boil. After cooling, the broth is filtered, topped up with boiled water, add 2 tbsp. spoons of honey and mix thoroughly. Take 1/3 cup after meals.

3. You can protect your fingers from hypothermia in this way:

• mix glycerin and water, apply to brushes and rub before going outside until the skin is dry;
• prepare an ointment based on melted internal pork or goat fat with a few drops fir oil. Rub into fingers and toes before bed. Then don't forget to wear warm socks.

In addition, daily massage your fingertips, chin and other problem areas. In summer, go barefoot more often, do not overcool.

Proper nutrition

There is no special diet for this pathology. But you need to learn how to eat rationally. The menu should always contain fiber-rich fruits and vegetables in any form. nuts, leaf salad and buckwheat will make up for the lack of magnesium and potassium. Mineral water, green tea, compotes will improve the condition of the blood.

It is necessary to limit smoked meats, fried and fatty foods, coffee, strong tea and alcohol.

Complications and prognosis

The prognosis for Raynaud's disease (primary phenomenon) is favorable. When the recommendations are followed, the symptoms of the disease do not return. A sufficient condition may be a change in lifestyle, sports, periodic examination.

But with Raynaud's syndrome, the symptoms of which are much more serious, it takes more time to restore health. At untimely treatment even a disability. Some experts believe that it is impossible to get rid of the syndrome forever. You can only achieve a stable remission.

Prevention

To date, science cannot offer methods primary prevention ailment. Conditions for reducing the likelihood of the syndrome are hardening, rational nutrition, creation favorable conditions work and life, refusal of alcohol and smoking, exclusion stressful situations. In the cold season, hypothermia is unacceptable.

Raynaud's disease- this is angiotrophoneurosis with the greatest damage to the small terminal arteries and arterioles. It affects the upper limbs bilaterally and symmetrically. The disease is vasospastic. It occurs in three to five percent of the total population, and in women five times more common than in men.

The disease was first described by the French physician Maurice Raynaud in 1862. Raynaud's disease code according to ICD-10: I73.0. Here we look at the causes, symptoms, signs of an attack of Raynaud's disease, general recommendations its treatment and how to treat this disease folk remedies at home by methods of folk treatment.

It is believed that Raynaud's disease is based on a genetic predisposition. There are the following risk factors:

1. prolonged and frequent episodes of hypothermia upper limbs,
2. permanent finger injuries
3. endocrine disorders of the thyroid gland, gonads,
4. severe and prolonged emotional stress.
5. professional harm, factors of production(e.g. vibration),
6. rheumatic diseases: rheumatoid arthritis, systemic scleroderma, dermatomyositis, systemic lupus erythematosus, periarteritis nodosa, etc.

Women aged 20 to 40 are five times more likely than men to get sick, often the disease is combined with migraine. Pianists and machinists often suffer from Raynaud's disease.

Symptoms

There are three main stages:

1. angiospastic(spasms, of a short-term nature, of the vessels of the terminal phalanges of the second to fifth fingers of the hand or the first or third toes of the foot; the spasm is soon replaced by vasodilation with warming of the fingers and reddening of the skin;
2. angioparalytic(the whole hand and fingers become bluish (cyanotic) in color, swelling and pastosity of the fingers appear);
3. trophoparalytic(the tendency to the appearance of panaritium and ulcers on the fingers, there are foci of superficial necrosis of the soft tissues of the terminal phalanges, and after rejection, long-term non-healing ulcers).

Perform a monthly cleansing of the body by fasting (once a week arrange a complete fast).

Contrasting foot baths. Do it daily at first, then, as it improves, every other day. The technique of contrast foot baths is simple. Take two buckets of water, in one the water is hot (to barely endure the leg), in the other - very cold. Soak one foot in hot water and the other in cold water for 2-3 minutes. Then change the position of the legs. Perform this procedure 3-4 times in the evening, an hour before bedtime.

Do leg exercises daily (take one of the exercises and focus on exercises for the leg muscles).

Walking in the dew in summer and in the snow in winter barefoot. Start with 2-3 seconds, then gradually increase the time (every three days add 2 seconds) up to 5 minutes. You can’t stand on snow and dew, you just need to walk or stomp. After the procedure, rub your feet with a woolen cloth.

Apples in any form, eat daily.

Food must be kept enough vitamin C and routine.

Take fresh juice onion and honey(mix in a 1:1 ratio). Take 1 teaspoon 3-4 times daily.

Medicines, medicines, procedures and methods

Conservative means of general and purposeful action with complex application in right combination provide the most complete results in the first phases of the disease.

Treatment is aimed at:

• elimination of vasospasm,
• pain relief,
• the fight against tissue ischemia,
• improvement of tissue trophism (change in tissue metabolism, improvement of circulation),
• desensitization of the body, with the help of anti-inflammatory and bactericidal therapy (if necessary),
• to the extent possible, detention and prevention of further development of the disease.

Antispasmodic drugs eliminate vascular spasms, reduce pain, improve blood circulation, trophism (Atropine, Papaverine, Prostigmine, Prozerin, alcohol, Acetylcholine, Theobromine and its derivatives, a nicotinic acid, Richter's belloid, Pahikarpin, Aprofen, Angiotrophin, etc.). From the latest drugs more broad action Padutin, Lidaza and many others are known. good effect obtained from the use of Reserpine and Phentolamine.

The surgical method for the treatment of Raynaud's disease and syndrome is sympathectomy. The essence of treatment is to "turn off" nerve fibers, along which pathological impulses go, causing the blood vessels to spasm. There are several types of sympathectomy for these conditions. The least traumatic endoscopic sympathectomy.

There is also a fundamentally new method of treating the disease and Raynaud's syndrome - stem cell therapy. In most cases, cell therapy can completely stop the development of this pathology, as it not only normalizes blood circulation, but also stimulates nerve cells to regeneration, which makes spasm attacks in Raynaud's disease as rare as possible.

Related videos

Stopping an attack of Raynaud's disease in a jet of warm water

Raynaud's disease: symptoms, photos, treatment with folk remedies

Attacks of Raynaud's disease occur differently in different patients. For some, it may occur several times a day, for others - once for several months. Over time, after repeated attacks, the skin on the fingers dries up and begins to peel off, the nails become uneven and easily broken.

Why do fingers go numb

Raynaud's syndrome is a rare and unusual disease. The reasons for its occurrence are still not fully understood. It can be an independent disease, and be a consequence of another disease.

Let's talk about what modern medicine know about this disease and its varieties, as well as what methods of treatment exist.

Raynaud's syndrome (disease or phenomenon) is impaired blood supply due to severe constriction of peripheral vessels. Usually the fingers and toes are affected, less often the tip of the nose, tongue or chin. The occurrence of the syndrome may indicate the presence of diseases of the connective tissue, and may be an independent disease.

First the syndrome was described in 1863 by the neurologist Maurice Reynaud. The doctor decided that he had succeeded in describing another form of neurosis. But his assumption has not yet been confirmed.

As an independent disease, it is more common in cold climates, where its prevalence reaches 20%. In this case, Raynaud's syndrome is more common in women aged 16 to 25 years. As a consequence of other diseases, it is much less common - only 20% of all cases of diagnosing this disease.

Causes and risk factors

Despite the fact that the syndrome has been described for a long time, there is still no exact data on the causes of its occurrence. Physicians on this moment only the following risk factors are known:

• hypothermia;
• stress;
• overwork;
• overheating;
• endocrine disorders;
• brain injury;
• hereditary factor.

The risk group includes people whose daily work activity is associated with increased load on the fingers or working in a strong vibration environment. For example, typists and musicians (especially pianists).

Raynaud's phenomenon also may develop against the background of other diseases, including:

• Rheumatic: scleroderma (inflammation of blood vessels), lupus erythematosus (damage to the connective tissue), (inflammation of arterial vessels), rheumatoid arthritis (inflammation of the joints) and others.
• Vascular: post-thrombotic syndrome (), (damage to the arteries).
• Various blood pathologies: thrombocytosis (increase in platelets), myeloma(malignant tumor).
• Compression of the neurovascular bundle.
• Violation of the adrenal glands.

Classification and stages

There are two types of Raynaud's syndrome:

• Primary- the disease develops on its own and is not associated with other ailments.
• Secondary- the phenomenon is caused by other diseases.

The course of the disease is divided into three stages:

• angiospathic- initial stage;
• angioparalytic- can develop over several years, accompanied by long-term remissions;
• atrophoparalytic– last stage characterized by tissue death and joint damage. At this stage, the disease begins to progress rapidly, which leads to the death of the affected limbs and, as a result, the patient's disability.

To help you identify symptoms and get timely treatment, take a look at these photos of all stages of Raynaud's syndrome (disease):

Danger and complications

There are times when the disease stops on its own even at the first stage. after several episodes. But even if this did not happen, the course of the disease is very long, and increasing in frequency and duration pain attacks sooner or later they are forced to see a doctor.

The first and second stages of Raynaud's syndrome are not particularly dangerous. Even vascular damage at these stages occurs rarely.

The third stage is the most dangerous because the appearance of skin ulcers, tissue necrosis and even loss of limbs. But it occurs only in very advanced cases and in those patients who suffer from Raynaud's phenomenon due to another serious illness.

Symptoms

Raynaud's syndrome with the greatest frequency manifests itself on the hands, less often on the legs and in isolated cases on the chin and the tip of the nose.

The main symptom of the disease is an attack, which is divided into three phases:

• 1 phase- the skin of the affected limbs becomes very pale. It lasts from 5 to 10 minutes and begins after the disease-provoking cause (hypothermia, stress). Paleness appears due to a sharp narrowing of blood vessels, which leads to impaired blood flow. The whiter the skin, the worse the blood supply.
• 2 phase- pale areas begin to slowly turn blue. This is due to the fact that the blood that entered the veins before the vasospasm stagnates in them.
• 3 phase- the affected areas turn red. The attack ends, the arteries expand and the blood supply is restored.

Besides, during an attack are observed:

• Pain syndrome, which can accompany the entire attack, and can occur only in the first and third phases.
• Numbness usually occurs after the pain syndrome, but can replace it. During the restoration of blood circulation, numbness is accompanied by a slight tingling.

When to see a doctor and which one?

It is advisable to consult a doctor for diagnosis and treatment immediately after the onset of the first symptoms of Raynaud's syndrome (disease) - seizures. Need to choose experienced rheumatologist since Raynaud's syndrome is very rare.

Learn more about the disease from the video clip:

Diagnosis and differential diagnosis

An experienced doctor can diagnose Raynaud's syndrome only by external symptoms. But to determine the cause of the disease It is necessary to conduct a comprehensive examination, which consists of:

• general blood test;
• immunological blood test;
• blood clotting test;
• Ultrasound of the thyroid gland;
• capillaroscopy (examination of blood vessels for the degree of damage);
• tomography and X-ray of the cervical spine;
• ultrasonic dopplerography of vessels.

Thanks to this differentiated diagnosis, it is possible to determine whether primary or secondary Raynaud's syndrome develops in a patient. And, therefore, prescribe the correct course of therapy, aimed either at eliminating a more serious disease, or at treating Raynaud's phenomenon itself.

How to treat?

The treatment process for Raynaud's disease is very long, since the cause of the disease is unknown. For the entire duration of therapy factors that provoke the disease should be avoided:

• smoking;
• drinking coffee;
• hypothermia;
• impact of vibrations;
• interaction chemicals;
• long work on the keyboard;
• stressful situations.

The main way to fight the disease is conservative treatment combining medication with a number of therapeutic methods.

by the most effective drugs in the treatment of Raynaud's syndrome are recognized:

• Vasodilators: Nifedipine, Corinfar, Verapamil. In advanced cases, Vazaprostan is prescribed, the course of treatment of which consists of 15-20 infusions.
• Antiplatelet(improving blood circulation): Trental, Agapurin.
• Antispasmodic: Platifillin, No-shpa.
• In some cases, apply ACE inhibitors that lower blood pressure.

Drug therapy is always combined with therapeutic methods:

• physiotherapy;
• reflexology (influence on active points human body)
• electrophoresis;
• acupuncture;
• thermal procedures;
• extracorporeal hemocorrection (blood purification);
• regulation of peripheral circulation;
• hyperbaric oxygenation (treatment with oxygen in a pressure chamber);
• psychotherapy.

The treatment of Raynaud's syndrome is always complex and can take several years, so there is no need to wait for quick results.

Easier to transfer severe attacks will help:

• warming the affected limb warm water or woolen fabric;
• soft massage;
• warming drink.

This video talks about an alternative method of treating the disease - magnetotherapy:

In cases where conservative treatment is powerless or the disease progresses rapidly, surgical intervention is used. It consists in carrying out a sympathectomy. During this operation, part of the autonomic nervous system responsible for the narrowing is removed. blood vessels.

Forecasts and preventive measures

By eliminating the causes that provoke the disease, the prognosis for primary Raynaud's is very favorable. In case of secondary syndrome, everything will depend on the severity of the disease that caused the disease.

AT preventive purposes recommended:

• refrain from smoking, drinking alcohol and coffee;
• eat properly;
• avoid stressful situations;
• take contrast baths - this restores the process of thermoregulation;
• massage hands and feet;
• avoid hypothermia;
• take fish oil capsules annually for three months.

If the patient's work is associated with an increased load on the affected parts of the body, then the work activity will have to be changed.

Despite the fact that the causes of Raynaud's syndrome are not completely known, one thing is clear - only healthy lifestyle life and taking care of your body will help prevent this disease. If you have the first signs of the syndrome, it is better to immediately consult a doctor. The treatment will be long but effective and will save you from such terrible consequences as the loss of limbs.

Raynaud's syndrome- This is a complex of symptoms that develop as a result of a sharp narrowing of blood vessels under the influence of stress or cold. Most often, it affects the vessels of the fingers, toes, and chin. This syndrome is most often a manifestation various diseases connective tissue, but can also be an independent disease.

Raynaud's syndrome occurs in 3 - 5 percent of the population, more often recorded in cold regions. Among patients with this disease, there are five times more women than men. According to some sources, the disease only develops in 27 percent of cases at the age of over 40 years, the rest of the diagnoses occur at the age of 15 to 25 years. In 85 percent of cases, Raynaud's syndrome is a symptom of a disease, and only 15 percent is an independent disease.

Interesting Facts
Raynaud's syndrome is named after the French neurologist and therapist Maurice Raynaud. A 26-year-old girl came to the doctor with complaints of severe numbness of her upper extremities. After conducting a survey, Maurice Reynaud came to the conclusion that given deviation represents individual disease. Subsequently, based on five cases from practice, the doctor described in detail and systematized the signs of this pathology.

Raynaud's Syndrome suffered famous oceanographer, underwater photographer and scuba diving pioneer Hans Heinrich Romulus Hass. Due to illness, Hans Hass was declared unfit for military service in the Austrian army. Pathology did not prevent the scientist from making more than seventy films about the life of marine inhabitants, which today are the property of mankind.

Causes of Raynaud's Syndrome

Causes of Raynaud's syndrome:

• connective tissue diseases - scleroderma, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus;
• vascular disease- vasculitis;
• blood diseases and circulatory pathologies;
• endocrine pathologies;
• professional pathologies.

Connective tissue diseases

Under the influence of provoking factors ( cold, stress) the vessels narrow sharply, and blood circulation is disturbed. Worst of all, blood circulates in distant ( distal) parts of the body such as fingers and toes, chin, tip of the nose. This explains the manifestation of the symptoms of Raynaud's syndrome in these areas of the body.

At sharp narrowing small blood vessels, the skin in this area begins to turn pale due to lack of blood supply. In the absence of blood in the tissues, trophic disorders are noted, which are accompanied by pain. Since the blood does not circulate, it accumulates in the veins. Full-blooded veins subsequently give a bluish color to the skin.

Vascular disease - vasculitis

Vasculitis associated with Raynaud's syndrome:

• nodular periarteritis;
• Wegener's disease;
• cryoglobulinemic vasculitis;
• medication-associated vasculitis.

Circulatory pathologies

Thrombus can form when different situations- under the influence of cold, nicotine, emotions. A short-term cessation of blood circulation in the vessels is manifested by a sharp pallor, which is replaced by cyanosis and redness.

Blood diseases and circulatory pathologies accompanied by Raynaud's syndrome:

• thrombocytosis of various etiologies;
• cryoglobulinemia;

Other blood diseases in Raynaud's syndrome follow a similar scenario, only blood clots are formed under the influence of other factors. The formation of microthrombi may be associated with inflammation of the walls of the veins ( with thrombophlebitis) or taking certain medications ( e.g. hormonal drugs).

Endocrine pathologies

The thyroid hormone triiodothyronine has a similar effect. It not only has a vasospastic effect, but also increases the sensitivity of blood vessels to adrenaline and norepinephrine. Therefore, with its increased production, people may experience Raynaud's syndrome.

Occupational pathologies

Under the influence of prolonged vibration, or rather, mechanical waves, irreversible destruction occurs, which underlies the development of Raynaud's syndrome. These destructions affect the vessels, nerve endings, bodies of Vater-Pacini and other structures that are located on the upper limbs. Destructive phenomena in these structures are the cause of the development of Raynaud's syndrome.

In addition to the immediate causes of Raynaud's syndrome, there are also numerous factors, under the influence of which its symptoms develop.

Factors that provoke the development of Raynaud's syndrome:

• stress;
• emotional stress;
• taking medications that have a vasoconstrictive effect.

In addition to factors environment symptoms of the syndrome may appear due to excitement, emotional stress, stress. Since Raynaud's syndrome itself is characterized by episodic ( microcirculation disturbances are fixed only for a short period), then the factors provoking it differ in short duration. This means that only a little excitement or stress is enough to cause it to occur.

Taking medication

Raynaud's syndrome symptoms

Raynaud's syndrome phases:

• first phase ( vasoconstrictor) - manifested by pallor skin, last 10 - 15 minutes;
• second phase ( cyanotic) - pallor is replaced by a bluish coloration of the skin, which lasts a couple of minutes;
• third phase ( reactive hyperemia) - manifested by reddening of the skin.

Symptom	Manifestation	A photo
Paleness of the skin of the hands	This symptom develops first within 5 to 10 minutes after the provoking factor ( going out into the cold, emotions). Paleness develops due to a sharp spasm of blood vessels. As a result, blood circulation is disturbed in them. Slow blood flow in the narrowed arteries of the hand and gives the skin such a pale color. The worse the blood circulation in the vessels, the paler the hands.
Pain	Pain syndrome accompanies the first phase of Raynaud's syndrome. because of poor blood supply tissues are less supplied with oxygen, as a result of which the metabolism in them is disturbed. However, pain can also be observed in the reddening phase.
Numbness	The feeling of numbness may develop after the pain syndrome, before or instead of it. The development of this sensation, as well as the pain syndrome, is associated with impaired metabolism in the tissues due to the lack of oxygen. Numbness is accompanied by a tingling sensation in the fingers, which is also due to impaired blood supply. Numbness with a sensation of tingling disappears after the restoration of blood circulation.
Blueness of the skin	The bluish color comes to replace the pale color. It is due to blood filling and congestion in the veins. Due to a sharp spasm, the movement of blood in the arteries stops, but at the same time, the veins take on the entire load. They fill with blood, and as long as the arteries are spasmodic, it stagnates in them. This venous congestion gives the skin a bluish coloration ( because the veins have a bluish tint).
Redness	Redness is the third phase of Raynaud's syndrome, which follows the cyanosis of the skin. It is due to the expansion of previously narrowed arteries and blood flow to the vessels of the skin. As a result of this, the hands, after pallor and cyanosis, acquire a red tint.

Skin color symptoms develop gradually. First, pallor appears, the severity of which depends on the degree of vascular spasm. Most often, this phase is accompanied by a sensation of pain. The pain syndrome is present in all phases, but is most pronounced in the first, when the fingers are pale.

The second phase is more characterized by the appearance of so-called paresthesias ( numbness, crawling sensations, tingling), which develop as a result of venous congestion.

These symptoms are core to Raynaud's, but not to the underlying disease. Therefore, they are also accompanied by the symptoms of the disease against which Raynaud's syndrome developed. Most often, these are rheumatic diseases, which are characterized by symptoms of joint damage and general symptoms of inflammation. Autoimmune diseases are characterized skin changes, as well as changes in the internal organs.

Diagnosis of Raynaud's syndrome

Laboratory methods used in the diagnosis of Raynaud's syndrome:

• coagulogram ( blood coagulation parameters);
• immunological tests ( immunity research);

General blood analysis

Anemia syndrome
Anemia reflects a decrease in red blood cells less than 3.5 x 10 12 and hemoglobin less than 120 grams per liter. More often found hemolytic anemia, which appears due to the massive destruction of red blood cells in the vessels. With such anemia, in addition to a decrease in red blood cells and hemoglobin, there is an increase in the number of reticulocytes - more than 2 percent.

Leukopenic and thrombocytopenic syndrome
With systemic lupus erythematosus, scleroderma and phospholipid syndrome, leukopenia is noted ( decrease in the number of leukocytes less than 4x 10 9 /liter) and thrombocytopenia ( decrease in platelets less than 180x 10 9 /liter). These laboratory syndromes may not always occur and are noted only during exacerbation.

Blood chemistry

The list of enzymes, the level of which may increase with Raynaud's syndrome:

• creatine phosphokinase ( KF);
• lactate dehydrogenase ( LDH);
• alanine aminotransferase ( ALT);
• aspartate aminotransferase ( AST);
• aldolase.

Coagulogram

General urine analysis

Immunological tests

Mandatory immunological parameters:

• blood immunoglobulins;
• rheumatoid factor;
• immune complexes circulating in the blood;
• specific and nonspecific antibodies.

Rheumatoid factor and immune complexes
Immunological analysis detects rheumatoid factor in the blood, the level of which may vary depending on the duration and stage of the disease. It appears in almost all autoimmune diseases and connective tissue diseases. It is worth remembering that its absence does not exclude the presence of rheumatic diseases.
The autoimmune component of the disease leads to the appearance in the blood a large number immune complexes, which are a complex of some antigen ( virus, bacterium) and antibodies, which were synthesized by the body in response to the penetration of the antigen.

Specific and non-specific antibodies
Most often, people suffering from Raynaud's syndrome are examined for the presence of antinuclear and anticentromere antibodies.
The detection of antinuclear antibodies in the blood indicates a rheumatic cause of Raynaud's syndrome. With the help of immunofluorescent analysis, specific antibodies to various diseases.
Systemic scleroderma characterized by the appearance of specific anticentromeric antibodies. Antibodies to the Scl-70 antigen have high specificity. 30 percent of people with scleroderma have antibodies to this antigen.

Myospecific antibodies ( more often - antisynthetase) appear with myositis and dermatomyositis. Immunological markers of systemic lupus erythematosus are antibodies to DNA and to phospholipids.

Treatment of Raynaud's syndrome with medicines

Vasodilator drugs, as well as drugs that improve blood circulation

Many recommend inhibitors as vasodilators. calcium channels (nifedipine, diltiazem), which are prescribed together with agents that improve the rheological properties of blood ( trental, vazaprostan).

Anti-inflammatory drugs used in the treatment of Raynaud's syndrome

In the acute period of connective tissue pathologies, steroid drugs (dexamethasone) and cytostatics ( methotrexate). The treatment regimen with these drugs is determined individually by the attending physician based on the underlying disease.

Alternative methods of treatment of Raynaud's syndrome

• contrast baths;
• compresses;
• rubbing;
• ointments;
• vasodilators;
• anti-inflammatory agents.

Contrast baths

Coniferous bath
Pour two hundred grams of chopped needles with two liters ( 8 glasses) boiling water and keep on low heat for five to ten minutes, avoiding boiling. Next, the needles should be left for half an hour to infuse. Strain the product and add 5 tablespoons of coarse table salt. Divide into two parts and pour the decoction into containers for contrast baths.

Combined contrast baths
For a bath with cold water, you need a decoction of oak bark. Pour 20 grams ( 2 tablespoons) bark with a liter of boiling water and soak on low heat for ten minutes. After 20 - 30 minutes, add the infused oak broth to a bowl of cold water.
For a hot bath, prepare a decoction of calamus and stinging nettle. Pour 15 grams of calamus ( rhizome) and 3 grams ( one tablespoon) nettle herbs with one liter of boiling water. Prepare the remedy in the same way as a decoction of oak bark.

Compresses

Pumpkin compress
For the procedure, you will need pumpkin porridge and a scarf or scarf made of natural wool. Apply the porridge to the limbs that are bothering you. Fix the composition on top with cling film and wrap with a woolen cloth. The duration of the procedure is two to three hours. To cook porridge, take one slice of pumpkin ( 400 - 500 grams) and bake it in the oven. Peel the finished pumpkin, cut into small pieces and add half a glass ( 125 milliliters) whisk boiling water with a blender.

Aloe juice compress
Cut two or three bottom leaves of a three-year-old aloe plant and chop them. Squeeze out the gruel and soak gauze bandages with aloe juice. Apply dressings to the affected areas of the body and leave for several hours. A pre-made massage of the limbs will help to increase the effectiveness of the procedure.

Onion compress
Onion compress ingredients:

• onion - 75 grams ( 1 medium onion);
• honey - 1 teaspoon;
• kefir - 2 tablespoons.

Rubbing agents

Tincture on red pepper and pickles
Tincture Components :

• pickled cucumbers - 300 grams, which is approximately equal to three cucumbers;
• hot red pepper - 75 grams ( three pods);
• vodka 40 percent - 500 milliliters.

Oil for rubbing
Rub Oil Ingredients:

• peppermint - 6 grams ( one tablespoon);
• motherwort - 4 grams ( one tablespoon);
• yarrow ( grass) – 5 grams ( one tablespoon);
• dill seeds - 5 grams ( one tablespoon);
• anise seed - 15 grams ( one tablespoon);
• vegetable oil- 250 milliliters ( one glass).

Pour the raw material with heated oil and leave to infuse for a week. Then strain and use for massage.

Ointments

Wormwood ointment
Heat in a water bath 100 grams badger fat. Add 30 grams ( 10 tablespoons) dry wormwood and place the container ( glass or ceramic) in the oven for 6 hours. Strain the fat and pour it into a container suitable for storage in the refrigerator. Ointment can be prepared on the basis of lard ( rendered pork fat), and replace the wormwood with celandine or calendula.

Funds from vasodilating action
The use of mixtures and infusions with a vasodilating effect helps to reduce the frequency and intensity of spasms.

Decoction with wild strawberries
To prepare a decoction, you should take two tablespoons of chopped fresh leaves wild strawberries and steam them with two glasses ( 500 milliliters) boiling water. After the composition has been infused for an hour, it must be filtered and cooled. The drink should be divided into two parts and drunk, the first part in the morning, the second part in the evening before going to bed.
Mixture of celery and parsley
Celery and parsley have powerful anti-inflammatory effects, which is why they are recommended for Raynaud's syndrome along with other folk remedies.

Mixing Ingredients:

• parsley - 1 kilogram;
• celery stalks and greens - 1 kilogram;
• lemon - 2 pieces ( 250 grams);
• natural honey - 250 grams.

Rosehip infusion
Rosehip Infusion Ingredients:

• rosehip - 15 grams;
• St. John's wort - 5 grams;
• white birch leaves - one tablespoon ( 2.5 grams).

Lemon and Garlic Remedy
The systematic use of this remedy restores the elasticity of the arteries and prevents the occurrence of spasms.

Components of the folk mixture:

• lemons - 5 medium lemons;
• garlic - 5 heads;
• natural honey - 500 milliliters.

Decoction with golden mustache juice
Pour 10 grams of thyme with cold water and heat to 80 degrees. Remove from heat and leave to infuse for an hour. After that, strain the thyme decoction and add 10 drops of golden mustache juice. It is necessary to take the remedy for two weeks at 100 milliliters per day.

Infusion based on common harmala
Harmala-based infusion expands peripheral vessels. To prepare it, steam 3 grams of the plant with a glass of boiling water and leave to infuse. Strained infusion drink one tablespoon several times a day.

onion mix
To prepare an onion-based remedy for the treatment of Raynaud's syndrome, fresh onion juice and natural honey should be mixed in equal parts. It is necessary to prepare the mixture daily, as from onion juice healing substances quickly disappear. Take honey-onion mixture should be one tablespoon an hour before meals three times a day. After three weeks, you should pause for a month.

Anti-inflammatory drugs

Coniferous decoction
Coniferous decoction components:

• pine needles - 3 tablespoons;
• rose hips - 40 grams ( two and a half tablespoons);
• onion peel- 3 tablespoons;
• natural honey - 5 tablespoons.

Infusion of knotweed, medicinal lungwort and horsetail
Mix dry chopped ingredients, pour 3 cups of water and heat in a water bath, avoiding boiling. Leave the broth to brew for half an hour, then filter and pour into a dish that is convenient for storage in the refrigerator. The decoction is taken one third of a glass three times a day.

Infusion Ingredients:

• horsetail - 3 tablespoons;
• medicinal lungwort - 3 tablespoons;
• knotweed - 3 tablespoons.

The name "Raynaud's disease" means nothing to most people. For the same reason, having heard such a diagnosis, it is difficult to immediately understand how to behave. But this fact does not exclude the possibility that someone may encounter a situation where help is needed for a patient with this ailment.

What is Raynaud's disease. Reasons for the development of the disease

Raynaud's disease in women is "numbness" due to damage to the small terminal vessels of the fingers, mainly on the hands, rarely on the legs, which, with the development of the disease, can develop into tissue necrosis, bone destruction or complete loss sick fingers.

The attack occurs due to a strong vasoconstriction. It can be provoked by frequent or prolonged sharp hypothermia of the upper extremities, chronic finger trauma, for example, in pianists and typists), brain injuries, smoking, physical activity,. In women, this disease occurs three times more often than in men: people over forty years of age suffer.

The main symptoms of the disease are constantly cold hands, even when a person is in a warm room. Numbness or tingling is more common in the morning, giving the impression that the hand is numb. The fingertips turn blue and swell.

The course of the disease is paroxysmal: the hands either get cold, or seem to burn. As a rule, the inflammation is symmetrical on both hands. The disease is dangerous because many mistakenly consider the symptoms to be a normal reaction of the body to hypothermia.

Diagnostics

An accurate diagnosis is possible if the symptoms appear for at least two years. Capillaroscopy is used - a study of the nail bed, in which you can visually see the changes in the arteries present.

Cold tests are carried out, when the limbs are lowered into the cold water, the temperature of which is about 10 gr.S. The diagnosis is difficult to make: it involves the exclusion of about 70 types of diseases.

The course of the disease

There are three stages of Raynaud's disease. Angiospastic, in which there are short-term spasms of the vessels of the terminal phalanges of the fingers of the hands (usually the 2nd-5th or less often the 1st-3rd toes). Spasms quickly give way to vasodilatation with reddening of the skin and warm fingers.

At angioparalytic stage the hands and fingers become bluish in color and swell. On the trophoparalytic stage Raynaud's disease may develop acute purulent inflammation of the tissues of the fingers, ulcers and even necrosis of the skin on soft tissues terminal phalanges.

It is impossible to completely recover, but it is possible to slow down the development of the disease. The first stage of Raynaud's disease requires only conservative treatment. The attack is removed by making a warm bath, wrapping the area where the attack has developed, or massaging the patient's limb.

In order to prevent the development of seizures, the influence of hypothermia factors, injuries, and excessive emotional stress is limited. Drug therapy is used only after examination and strictly according to the doctor's prescription!

Showing vasodilators based on nifedipine ( nifedipine, cordaflex, osmo-adalat, corinfar, cordipin, nifecard CL, fenigidin), as well as nicardipine and means based on verapamil ( isoptin, finoptin, verogalide EP).

Inhibitor drugs ( captopril, captopril), ketanserin as a blocker of the effects of serotonin; to normalize blood composition, to improve its microcirculation trental, agapurine, pentoxifylline, dipyridamole, vasonite; drugs from the group of lipid physiologically active substances (vap, vazaprostan, alprostan coverject).

AT without fail conservative therapy complemented by physiotherapeutic methods of treatment. Procedures such as galvanic baths, mud therapy, UHF, hyperbaric oxygenation (a method of using oxygen under high pressure in medicinal purposes), reflexology, exercise therapy.

Treatment with drugs is relevant for the first few years, then attacks of spasms of the vessels of the extremities lose their sensitivity to the drug. In such cases, surgery is indicated sympathectomy).

Its essence is surgical removal nerve fibers that are responsible for the resulting vasospasms. The optimal variant of surgical treatment is selected by the attending physician.

The goal of treatment is to restore the efficiency of blood vessels and the central nervous system. At the beginning of the disease, its symptoms can be eliminated by changing jobs, avoiding hypothermia and stress.

The patient is advised to dress warmly in order to normalize blood circulation in the limbs, and also to drink a lot of hot drinks (but not coffee) to keep warm and protect the body from dehydration - one of the causes of seizures.

Smoking is contraindicated because nicotine constricts blood vessels. Do not use devices that can provoke an attack (electric drill, mixer, food processor, vacuum cleaner).

It is useful to massage the feet and fingers daily, using sea buckthorn oil or herbal infusions that dilate blood vessels. AT winter time walk in the house without slippers, and in the summer walk barefoot in nature. Take a contrast shower to strengthen blood vessels and restore thermoregulation.

The menu should include buckwheat, milk, rabbit meat, squid, cod, citrus fruits, currants, porcini mushrooms. It is advisable to eat lemons with honey more often. Be sure to eliminate fatty foods from your diet.

Fir oil

In Raynaud's disease, treatment with folk remedies includes the use of fir essential oil both externally and for oral administration.

Good healing effect provides patients with fir baths for 15 minutes. To do this, add 5 or 6 drops of fir essential oil to the bath. The water temperature should be around 37°C.

You can also drip 1-2 drops of fir oil on a small piece of bread, eat it in the morning. But there are contraindications for certain diseases of the stomach, intestines, pancreas.

Onion juice with honey

Take 150 ml and add the same amount of liquid natural honey. Mix thoroughly and take orally 2-3 teaspoons in the morning, afternoon and evening 30 minutes before meals. The course is 60 days, after which you need to pause for 45 days.

Oil infusion of wild rosemary

Mix 2 tbsp. tablespoons chopped and 5 tbsp. tablespoons of sunflower oil and leave for 12 hours in a sealed container, stirring occasionally. Keep the mixture temperature warm. When the medicine is infused, strain, use for baths and in the form of compresses.

Rue, creeping thyme, lemon balm

Take in equal amounts medicinal herbs- rue and thyme and one and a half times more lemon balm. Pour 1 teaspoon of the mixture with 1 cup of boiling water and leave for 2 hours (preferably in a thermos - to maintain high temperature throughout the preparation time). Strain and divide the remaining liquid into portions of 50 ml each. Take 30 minutes before meals and at night.

Natural honey with garlic

Mix equal amounts of honey and garlic gruel, place in a container that closes very tightly. Steep for two weeks, stirring occasionally. Take 2 teaspoons 3 times a day half an hour before meals for 2 months. If treatment needs to be continued, repeat the course after a monthly break.

Drink decoctions or infusions of red clover. Take 20 g of red clover flower heads and boil them for 5 minutes in 300 ml of water. Infuse for 1 hour, strain, take 100 ml 30 minutes before meals for fourteen days. After a two-week break, the course can be repeated.

Water infusion of elecampane roots

Effective in the treatment of infusion of the root of elecampane high. Grind the root, take 50 g and pour it into a bottle of vodka. Infuse for two weeks, then filter and take daily 2 teaspoons 3 times a day before meals. The course of treatment should continue until you drink 1.5 liters of tincture.

A decoction of wild strawberry leaves

Boil the leaves of wild strawberries with the calculation of 4 tablespoons per glass of water. Take one glass twice a day.

And remember that if you have Raynaud's disease, you must visit your doctor regularly.