Brain cyst in a newborn: causes and treatment. What are the possible complications and consequences? Causes of pathology

From the first month of a child's life, the local doctor measures his head circumference. A significant excess of the norm should alert, because it can be a symptom of a brain cyst.

The cyst is a spherical neoplasm, inside of which there is a liquid. Most often, one tumor is found in the brain, less often there are several. Some formations do not require special treatment.

Pathology is located on the site of dead nerve tissue. Any part of the child's brain can be affected.

Learn more about the disease in this video:

The reasons

In most cases, cysts do not belong to tumor processes, they have a different nature.

The main reasons for the formation of a tumor in a child:

congenital pathology central nervous system - a common defect in children, develops due to viruses, some medicines, carcinogens, oxygen starvation, gene mutations;
after birth injury - provokes pathological compression of the head, which leads to a breakdown in the mechanisms of adaptation and damage to the integument, bone tissues, and the contents of the skull;
circulatory failure- leads to the death of the nervous tissue and the formation of a cystic cavity in this area;
inflammatory process of the brain- these include encephalitis and meningitis,

All of these phenomena lead to the degeneration of the brain tissues of the child, their death and the formation of a cyst, which is filled with fluid. This leads to compression of adjacent healthy tissues and the manifestation of symptoms.

Kinds

Neoplasms with cavities can appear in any part of the child's brain. Depending on the location and the cause of the formation, neurosurgeons distinguish the following types of cysts:

pituitary gland- part of the brain is responsible for the production of hormones that are responsible for the growth of the body, the formation of follicles and other work endocrine system. A neoplasm grows from glandular particles, it does not make itself felt at sizes less than 1 cm.
cerebellum- the formation is called a lacunar cyst. It is quite rare, more often diagnosed among male children. Pathology requires immediate treatment, since its growth can lead to paralysis and other complications.
pineal gland- department performs endocrine function called the epiphysis. It is characterized by an abundant blood supply, especially at night. Particles of the gland synthesize a secret that is released into the blood, cerebrospinal fluid. If the secretion outflow is disturbed, a cavity with liquid is formed in the epiphysis.
In the arachnoid- a neoplasm develops after inflammation of the meninges, injuries. The tumor leads to squeezing of nearby tissues. The rupture of the pathology leads to the death of the child.
Dermoid- formations are extremely rare in the brain, in children it is detected, as a rule, in the first year of life. Education differs in that it is filled not with liquid, but with embryonic particles. In the cyst, elements of sweat and sebaceous glands, bones and hair.

Plexus of blood vessels This neoplasm is characteristic of prenatal development, it occurs more often at 28 weeks of fetal development. The tumor may persist until the time of birth and for a very rare cases stay forever.

It does not pose a threat to life, so it is not examined or treated. It has been proven that the cystic cavity is not capable of provoking anomalies in the development of the child. It appears due to violations in fetal development.

pseudocyst- the cavity of the neoplasm contains cerebrospinal fluid, has no symptoms and has no effect on the health of the child. Most often, the formation resolves by 10 months of age.
Liquor- the formation consists of a shell with a cavity, which is filled with cerebrospinal fluid. Fluid circulating inside the brain accumulates inside the cavity due to negative factors affecting the brain rudiment.
Subependymal- neoplasm refers to the frequent phenomena of children in the first months of life. The cyst is a small cavity with cerebrospinal fluid, which is located under the shell of the brain cavity. Occurs as a result of surface damage small vessels during childbirth. It usually disappears during the first months of a child's life.
Porencephalic- refers to very rare diseases leading to porencephaly. In other words, it is the formation of cysts different sizes in the brain.
Lacunar- neoplasms are mainly located in the subcortical nodes or the pons. Less commonly, a neoplasm is diagnosed in the visual tubercles, the cerebellum. Pathology is more common among male patients.
colloidal- pathology is formed in the third ventricle of the brain even in fetal development, but is detected at an older age.

All cysts should be monitored regularly as their growth can lead to grave consequences. Small neoplasms are found, as a rule, by chance during the diagnosis of the head. Large cavities with cerebrospinal fluid are manifested by a number of symptoms that worsen the quality of life of children.

Symptoms

The clinical picture in the presence of a brain cyst depends on its location and size. The presence of pathology in a certain part of the organ disrupts those functions of the body for which the department is responsible.

Frequent symptoms:

headache- associated with the growth of education and squeezing of the parts of the brain on which the nerve endings are located;
enlargement of the head- occurs due to an increase in pathology and bursting of the skull;
the fontanel swells and noticeably pulsates or makes noise in the ears- indicates a strong intracranial pressure, which is provoked by a cyst;
disturbance in the movements of the body and limbs- this is most often caused by education in the cerebellum;
blurred vision, including double vision- pathology compresses optic nerve, often located in the cerebellum;
premature sexual development - the cyst compresses the pituitary gland;
delayed growth and development education affects the work of the pituitary gland;
epileptic seizures- the formation is located in the arachnoid membrane.

Symptoms in junior childhood exhibit restless behavior bad dream or vice versa excessive calmness and drowsiness. Frequent profuse regurgitation should also alert.

If there is confirmation of the presence of a cyst in the brain with the manifestation of at least one of the listed symptoms, it is necessary to immediately seek advice from a neurosurgeon.

Diagnostics

If a cyst is suspected, a diagnostic examination. After confirming the diagnosis, the doctor may prescribe regular monitoring of the condition of the neoplasm.

The main methods of examination of the brain:

ultrasound- the method is called neurosonography, it is recommended for premature babies of the first year of life. Screening produces a good image.
CT- the method has a high degree of resolution, it allows you to identify even small cysts in children.
MRI– Specialists receive a detailed image of the child's brain. It is carried out with or without contrast. contrast agent does not accumulate as a cyst, unlike a tumor.

In children under one year old, the state of the brain can be well studied, since there are areas on the head that are not overgrown. bone tissue. In more adulthood it is more expedient to carry out CT or MRT. The contrast agent is used with extreme caution, as it can cause an allergic reaction.

Treatment

Majority cystic formations have a favorable prognosis without medical intervention.

The specialist can choose one of two ways of behavior regarding the diagnosed pathology:

Observation- the doctor chooses a method with a small size of the neoplasm, the absence of symptoms and developmental disorders in the patient. Children under one year are assigned regular ultrasounds, and at an older age, diagnostics are carried out once a year.
Operation – surgical intervention carried out with an increase in neoplasm in size. A palliative method may be chosen, in which fluid is removed from the cyst. The radical method consists in trepanation of the skull and removal of the cyst with its contents.

The decision on the appropriateness of treatment is made only by a specialist. A radical form of treatment is used in extreme cases.

This video shows the process of surgery to remove an arachnoid cyst in a teenager:

Complications

In most cases, the cyst gradually resolves and requires only observation by a specialist. Less often, it begins to increase in size, causing serious complications in the work of the brain. This leads to the failure of many functions of the body.

Frequent complications in early childhood are associated with developmental delays and stunted growth.

Children experience constant headaches that are not relieved with painkillers, they cannot lead a normal life due to visual impairment, impaired coordination of movement, and hearing problems.

The child may lose consciousness, fall into epileptic shock. Perhaps the onset of paralysis. Some forms of cysts, such as archanoid cysts, may rupture. This ends in death.

Treatment of the cyst is aimed at reducing its size and preventing possible complications. This is especially important for children infancy, in which the development of all body functions occurs, and the violation of any of them can lead to irreversible consequences.

If you find an error, please highlight a piece of text and click Ctrl+Enter.

When the baby is born, doctors conduct various studies to determine the state of his health. One of them is an ultrasound scan, which can detect cysts in the brain - they are diagnosed very often in newborns (according to some reports, in every fourth child).

However, this disease is not a reason for parental panic, since some types of cysts do not require intervention at all, while others can be cured. Let's figure out what kind of disease it is, how it is diagnosed, treated, and what consequences cysts are fraught with.

What is a cyst

Doctors call this term benign formations, which are localized in various parts the brain or near it and are cavities with fluid inside. Depending on the time and cause of the appearance of a cyst, it may disrupt the development of the crumbs, but may not have a negative impact on health.

Causes

The question of why cysts form in infants is quite complicated even for the neurosurgeons themselves.

There can be many reasons, and the time of formation of the cyst plays a role. If it is congenital, most likely, the appearance of a neoplasm is caused by the genetic characteristics of the fetus or the mother herself, a “failure” in the process of intrauterine development. Sometimes cysts form due to infectious or inflammatory processes that occurred during pregnancy.

As for cysts that appeared after birth little man, here are the reasons:

Symptoms

Not always mothers suspect that something is wrong with their baby. Often, the brushes in the head of the crumbs do not manifest themselves in any way and do not bother the newborn. However, there are some signs by which it can be assumed that the crumbs have cysts:

Although most often cysts do not change their size, sometimes they can grow. This is evidenced by the following symptoms:

violations in the work of the senses;
headache;
change intracranial pressure;
epileptic seizures or fainting;
lack of coordination.

Types of cysts

Important! A cyst is not a sentence! In some cases, after the diagnosis, doctors do not prescribe treatment, but simply observe the dynamics. Most types of these neoplasms resolve on their own.

Today, doctors distinguish several types of brain cysts in a newborn, which differ both in the localization of the formations and in possible consequences or method of treatment.

The formations that are located in the area of the choroid plexuses (or "pseudocyst"). They appear even during the prenatal development of the baby - in this case, the prognosis is favorable, and cysts in most cases do not require treatment. Also formed in more late age as a result of the penetration of the herpes virus, difficult childbirth or complications during pregnancy. Here are possible backfire therefore, it is necessary to choose the right treatment strategy.

If several cysts were found as a result of the study, they speak of a multicystosis of the brain, which can be localized both in one department and in different ones. At the same time, the formations themselves can differ in types and require different treatment strategies.

Methods of treatment

First of all, it is worth remembering: if a child has been diagnosed with this disease, repeat examinations regularly. Their frequency, depending on the type of formation, is determined by the neurosurgeon.

As for the treatment strategy, depending on the size, type and location of the cyst, it may not be prescribed.
If the neoplasm does not disappear on its own, they select medical preparations, apply surgical intervention which can be palliative or radical.

Important! Most often, operations are performed on children after a year - up to a year they are performed only in exceptional cases.

Palliative treatments include endoscopic operations (cysts are pierced with an endoscope, sucking out the contents) and shunting (fluid is removed that “filled” the cyst with shunts). It should be emphasized that shunting can lead to infection of the brain due to the long stay of the shunt itself in the body.
In the most difficult cases, an open operation is performed, that is, a craniotomy. It allows you to remove the neoplasm as completely as possible, with walls and all contents.

Cyst in the head of a baby - video from Dr. Komarovsky

Such a diagnosis is very scary for parents, but pediatrician Yevgeny Komarovsky is convinced that there is no reason to panic. After watching the following video, you can find out what he advises parents. In addition, Komarovsky explains what the essence of such a diagnosis is.

A brain cyst in most cases is not as scary as it may seem to parents at first glance. Most often, it resolves on its own, but if not, neurosurgeons select an appropriate treatment strategy. However, it is still not worth ignoring the disease - at least, you should undergo regular examinations. And what do you know about such a disease, did your kids have it? Tell us about it in the comments.

A cyst in a newborn is quite common. benign tumor, which occurs in almost half of newborns. It is dead brain tissue filled with fluid. Often, a tumor is diagnosed at the embryonic stage, and by the time of birth it can resolve itself. As a rule, the consequences of a cyst in the head of a newborn child do not leave marks after birth, and do not affect development in any way.

A brain cyst is a benign tumor, and can not cause direct harm to the health of the child.

However, the presence of a large tumor can affect normal mental and physical health child. If the doctor diagnosed a cyst in the head of a newborn, then you should immediately start treating it.

Reasons for education

The most responsible and most vulnerable period in the development of the embryo is the laying internal organs. During the entire development of the fetus, neoplasms may appear, but often before the moment of birth they all disappear on their own. If a cyst in the head was diagnosed in a newborn child, then this may indicate various violations in the functioning of the nervous system.

Factors that can affect the formation of cysts:

infectious and venereal diseases suffered during a woman's pregnancy. The causative agents of these diseases penetrate the placenta and affect the brain cells of the fetus, as a result of which a cyst is formed, accompanied by inflammation;
injuries received at birth and after childbirth. If a child receives a head injury during passage through the uterine canal, then a cyst may develop;
congenital pathologies due to which the brain receives an insufficient amount nutrients and oxygen. Subsequently, dead brain cells begin to accumulate fluid, resulting in the formation of a cyst;
heavy inflammatory diseases which include meningitis, encephalitis and so on.

All of the above factors contribute to the death of brain cells, and the formation of an empty cell sac, which over time is filled with cerebrospinal fluid. In most cases, this can cause neurological disorders that negatively affect the growth and development of the child.

Classification of cysts

Depending on the location, time of occurrence and properties, brain cysts in newborns are divided into three types:

Arachnoid cyst. This type of cyst is located between the surface of the brain and the arachnoid membrane. The size of the tumor can reach several centimeters in diameter. The cause of this neoplasm may be severe inflammation or injury received mechanically. The main feature of the arachnoid cyst is its rapid development, which quite often leads to various complications associated with compression of brain tissue. According to statistics, this type of tumor occurs mainly in boys.
Subelenedema cyst. This type tumors are quite dangerous, and if not properly treated can lead to severe complications. The cyst occurs when poor circulation blood vessels of the brain, as a result of which the brain receives an insufficient amount of oxygen. The consequences of such oxygen starvation are the death of the cells of the cerebral cortex, from which a new cyst is then formed. Children with a sub-elendemal cyst should be examined every three months. The best method of examination for this type of tumor is MRI. If the cyst in the newborn continues to grow rapidly, and more and more fluid accumulates in it, then this can adversely affect the adjacent tissues of the brain, changing their location and structure.
Choroid plexus cyst. This type of cyst can be diagnosed even at the stage of development inside the womb. In medical practice, the presence of such cysts is considered normal, and they almost always occur at the stage of pregnancy. This type of tumor is considered the safest and usually resolves on its own. If the vascular plexus cyst remains in the child after childbirth, this may indicate that the mother suffered a severe infection or she had a difficult delivery.

Symptoms

A large cyst in a newborn can cause pathological disorders in the organs of the newborn. A cyst in the head of a newborn may increase due to such factors:

with an increase in fluid pressure on the walls of the cyst;
in inflammatory processes children's body;
head injuries of any nature - concussion, bruise, and so on.

Even if a child has a cystic tumor, it may not manifest itself in any way until adolescence. But even in this case, the child needs regular medical supervision.

Most dangerous period with the development of a cyst - adolescence, since it is during this period that even the most inconspicuous and harmless cyst can begin to rapidly develop to a huge size.

If a child has a large cyst, then it can put pressure on the brain tissue, causing such negative consequences:

persistent headaches accompanied by nausea and vomiting;
hearing loss, blurred vision, sense of smell;
absence healthy sleep;
poor coordination in space;
high intracranial and arterial pressure;
convulsions, loss of consciousness;
epileptic seizures;
numbness of hands and feet.

In many ways, the symptoms depend on where the cyst is located. If the tumor is closer to the back of the head, then it is fraught with poor eyesight, double vision, the appearance of a "foggy" look.

A cystic formation in the region of the cerebellum negatively affects the coordination of the child in space. If the tumor is located in the pituitary gland, then the endocrine system is disrupted. With the most severe types of cysts, the child may lag behind in development, both mentally and physically.

Diagnostics

In children under 1 year old, a cyst is diagnosed using neurosonography. The first risk group that needs to be examined for the presence of a cyst is premature, weakened children who had a brain cyst during gestation. In addition to them, children who were resuscitated during childbirth need to be examined. Children over 1 year of age undergo MRI and computed tomography.

If a child has an infection or impaired circulation, as a result of which a cyst has formed, then other types of studies will be needed:

dopplerography blood vessels;
cardiography;
measurement of arterial and intracranial pressure;
various analyzes blood.

Treatment

Treatment depends entirely on what kind of cyst the child has. Treatment is not required if a child has a choroid plexus cyst, since up to 1 year the cyst should resolve on its own. In this case, it is necessary to get rid of the infection and the inflammatory process in time, which could lead to the formation of a cyst.

If cystic formations are too large and constantly growing, then you need to resort to surgical intervention. Treatment of such cysts is of three types:

Radical. In this case, the child is craniotomized and the cyst is removed with all the excess. Operations of this kind are extremely dangerous and are used as a last resort.
Palliative. This method involves shunting. This method treatment is less traumatic, but also has its drawbacks. With shunting, there is a chance of infection through the shunt in cranium. Also this method does not remove the cyst itself, and only sucks out the accumulated fluid from it.
Endoscopy. This procedure treatment is much safer, and has good feedback, but requires high skill and extensive experience from the doctor. The essence of the procedure is to make punctures in the skull and remove the cyst-like formation.

Consequences of a cyst

A cyst is a benign tumor, but even its consequences in the head of a newborn child can be very serious.

Small cystic formations usually go away on their own, but at any time they can begin to grow rapidly. The main thing is to never lose sight of them and regularly undergo preventive examinations.

Lack of timely medical care can cause irreversible pathologies:

loss of hearing and vision;
malfunction of the part of the brain responsible for coordination;
hemorrhagic stroke;
hydrocephalus;
hemorrhages in the brain, and as a result, to death.

Women strive for motherhood, although this is associated with many not only pleasant moments, but also worries and feelings for their child. One of the problems that parents face is in the head of a newborn. By international classification(ICD) this disease has the code ICD-10. We will tell you why it appears, what it is, how to treat it, what not to do, whether prevention is possible.

The very diagnosis of a “brain cyst in a newborn” sounds ominous, but it is quite often made in infants. This ailment is treatable and not as terrible as it seems. According to statistics, out of 100 newborns, 40 have a brain cyst of a small diameter that does not bother them. The size and quantity may vary, and therefore the therapy will be different. Modern drugs allow you to cure a cyst quickly and without complications, but it is important to deal with treatment at the first symptoms.

The essence of pathology

The fact that, according to statistics, the disease began to occur much more often than before, is not due to the fact that the pathology has become more frequent, but to the improvement of diagnostic methods. They have become more accurate and accessible.

A cyst is a pineal cavity with fluid inside. It can be found in almost any part of the body. Do not be afraid that this neoplasm appeared on the brain of a newborn. Often it disappears on its own, simply dissolving. These tiny bubbles do not always carry serious danger, multicystosis of the brain is more dangerous.

A brain cyst is often found in a child. It can be single or multiple (polycystic), can grow rapidly or even stop growing. Education can grow only on one side of the brain tissue or from two at once. Very often, small bubbles with liquid resolve on their own. Not only newborns, but also adolescents, adults, and the elderly can suffer from this phenomenon. In general, this is a multifaceted pathology.

A vascular cyst in the brain of a child can be detected even in the womb. It is normal and often resolves on its own. Despite this, the ailment is classified as dangerous, since if it is unsuccessfully located, large in size, it can interfere with the brain to properly perform its functions. It is also dangerous if the neoplasm interferes with the work of the glands. internal secretion. There are cases lethal outcome with this pathology.

Often a brain cyst is observed with. This is extremely serious illness, which requires long-term treatment and rehabilitation.

Today, diagnostic methods have reached amazing heights. They have become very accurate and affordable. Even during pregnancy, you can determine the presence of a cyst. Most often it is a cyst. choroid plexus(KSS).

Diagnosis can also be carried out in a newborn. It is recommended to conduct a study of the brain of a newborn if a birth injury has occurred, the pregnancy has been problematic, or suspicious signs have appeared. These tiny bubbles can be unmistakably detected immediately after the baby is born.

If there are no direct indications, then a newborn ultrasound of the brain is not performed. Certain symptoms may indicate that there is a cyst.

Symptoms

A small cyst has practically no effect on the body of the crumbs. It's only small vial with a liquid that dissolves on its own over time. With a large neoplasm, tissue compression begins, they swell, and intracranial pressure increases. Due to pressure and edema, an irreversible process of tissue death begins. The symptoms are different. They directly depend on the size, location of the neoplasm.

There are areas that are extremely important for correct operation the most important organs feelings. It is their defeat that brings great danger. Speech, coordination, mental development may be disturbed.

Parents should watch out for the following warning signs:

The newborn often burps, and this is not associated with eating, swallowing air.
The child does not breastfeed.
There is a lack of coordination, the baby strangely moves its arms and legs.
There are convulsions.
Reaction inhibition is observed.
The baby is not sleeping well.
The baby is lagging behind in weight gain, growth.

If there are such problems, you need to urgently show the baby to a neurologist.

When the cyst grows, even more dangerous manifestations join:

There is severe vomiting.
Limbs tremble.
Sleep is disturbed.
There is muscle tension (hypertonicity).
The baby cries all the time.
Decreased sensitivity of the limbs.
The area of the fontanel protrudes.

Especially dangerous is a polycystic lesion, which often provokes several complications at once.

Let's understand the reasons

The causes of a cyst in the head of a newborn child are even now in doubt. It is noticed that often such a pathology appears after meningitis, hemorrhage, trauma. Often, a neoplasm appears precisely in the tissues of the brain of a child.

Among the reasons are the following:

Violation of the development of the fetus due to the penetration of the virus.
Birth injury.
Inflammation of the brain tissue of the newborn, head trauma after birth, tumors.
Circulatory disorders.

There is a main reason - the development of the fetus during pregnancy was disrupted. The culprits may be some diseases of the expectant mother.

Doctors advise during pregnancy to constantly monitor your health, take care of your immunity, avoid hypothermia and direct contact with the sick. Viruses are very dangerous for the fetus, because they can penetrate the placenta to it, causing irreparable tissue damage.

If in the baby's brain started inflammatory process, cells and tissues begin to die, they are replaced by a cavity with liquid - a cyst. Their appearance most often provokes the herpes virus - it is extremely dangerous even for adults, and in the fetus it can cause irreversible changes.

Birth injuries are associated with the fact that sometimes the skull of a newborn cannot pass through correctly. birth canal. It is squeezed too much, because of which the tissues and bones are injured. It is especially dangerous if the fetus is unsuccessfully located in the uterus. The injury causes a hematoma of the brain, instead of cells, a fluid appears that fills the cyst.

Kinds

There is different types cysts, two to be exact:

Arachnoid.
Cerebral (retrocerebellar).

Arachnoid is located between the brain and the shell. Cerebral appears in the brain itself, where the area of inflammation is directly located.

There are also types of cysts:

colloidal. It is characterized by the fact that it grows very slowly, while no symptoms are observed for a long time.
Epidermoid. It consists of horny scales, which are surrounded by a capsule of the epithelium.
Dermoid. It consists of the germinal parts of the skin (dermis). Make up such a neoplasm hair follicles and pigment cells.
Pineal. This rare variety affects the epiphysis.

Another type is a cyst located in the vascular plexuses. It is often diagnosed while still in the womb. early stages fetal development. There are plexuses of blood vessels in the brain that produce cerebrospinal fluid. It is they who can often be affected, becoming the area where the cyst is located. With such a neoplasm, the functions of the brain are not disturbed, it develops normally. A choroid plexus cyst is often diagnosed in newborns. Often it resolves on its own, without requiring any treatment, but you still need to get advice from a pediatric neurologist.

Subependemal cyst is considered a serious pathology. If it is diagnosed in a newborn, a doctor should constantly monitor the child. Among the causes, there is a violation of blood circulation in the vessels of the ventricles of the brain. Because of this, brain tissue suffers from oxygen deficiency. As a result, they begin to die off, they are replaced by cavities with liquid.

Diagnostic methods

It is easy for children up to a year to diagnose, since their fontanel has not yet had time to close. At the same time, it is sufficient to ultrasound procedure- neurosonography. The cyst is anechoic and can be easily seen on the screen. For children older than a year, tomography is performed.

It is especially important to conduct neurosonography if the child is born prematurely. Also, such a diagnosis is indicated if the newborn has undergone resuscitation at birth, or he is undergoing intensive care.

Another reason is a problematic pregnancy or fetal hypoxia. In such cases, ultrasound is performed in the hospital.

Treatment

First of all, parents need to cope with their feelings with such a diagnosis and proceed to therapy as calmly as possible. Proper Treatment most often leads to a complete recovery. If the cyst is small and does not grow, and the baby does not change his behavior, it may not require treatment at all. It is enough just to regularly show it to the doctor.

The vascular plexus cyst is considered the safest. She is not treated, but only observed dynamics. The brain does not suffer in any way. But this does not mean that everything should be left to chance. It should be understood that the cyst appeared for some reason: an inflammatory process, infection. This means that the doctor must identify what specific infection led to the death of brain cells and urgently eliminate it. After a few months, even if the child's condition does not cause any concern, you still need to repeat the ultrasound.

With a subependial cyst, it is necessary to conduct an MRI examination several times a year (done under general anesthesia in a closed circuit) or MP. Treatment is not required if the cyst is not growing. Most likely, the brain tissue will recover on its own. These cysts resolve most often without outside intervention, but they can cause serious complications if the cystic cavity becomes enlarged. This leads to the fact that a lot of fluid accumulates inside it, pressure increases. Over time, the cavity begins to put pressure on adjacent brain tissue.

Sometimes the neoplasm can grow rapidly. At the same time, it provides Negative influence on tissues, vessels. A large cyst of a newborn compresses the tissues, changes their position. Because of this, the crumbs may experience convulsions, which, if untreated, progress rapidly. Neurological symptoms in such cases increase, the child's condition worsens, even a hemorrhagic stroke can occur.

It is especially important to deal with the treatment of arachnoid cysts. It won't go away on its own and will require surgery. In the event of such a neoplasm, the child should be constantly monitored by a neurologist.

If a neoplasm is detected in early stage, it will be enough conservative treatment. Of the drugs, three main groups of drugs are used:

antiviral;
to strengthen general condition immune system;
to improve blood circulation in the brain.

Medicines must be taken strictly according to the scheme, until the doctor cancels them. It is important to accurately select the dose, since it is very easy to overdose the drugs to a newborn. Massage is recommended to improve blood circulation, better lymph outflow.

If it is definitely established that the cyst in the newborn continues to grow, the help of a surgeon may be required. He will have to remove the neoplasm. There can be two types of operation:

Palliative. The surgeon will remove the contents of the cyst without removing its walls. The downside of this method is high probability relapse. Bypass surgery or endoscopic intervention may be used for the operation. When a shunt is performed in a child's head, the surgeon creates a channel through which fluid is drained. Due to the shunt, brain tissue can become infected, which is a big disadvantage of such operations. At endoscopic method a tiny puncture is made in the head, through which the contents of the cyst are removed. This method cannot always be applied, since some areas of the brain simply cannot be reached with an endoscope.
Radical. it open operation on the brain, in which the bones of the skull are opened (the bone is drilled). Through the resulting hole, the cyst and adjacent tissues are removed. This is a traumatic method, after which a long recovery is required.

Be sure to remove those cysts that grow rapidly. They can seriously harm the brain and even threaten life.

If a brain cyst is diagnosed in a child of the first year of life, especially retrocerebellar or pineal gland, there are many questions about treatment, consequences and prognosis. A cyst is understood as a formation with a spherical cavity. It's not a tumor! But this does not mean that the cyst is not dangerous to health. Many cystic cavities do not require treatment, but in some cases it is necessary.

The cyst is located on the site of dead nerve tissue. The pathological focus looks like a spherical cavity filled with liquid. Often there is only one formation, but there are cases of multiple cystic growths. Parents are concerned about the prognosis, consequences, and the need for treatment of cystic formation in a newborn.

A cystic cavity in the brain in newborns is formed due to congenital pathology of the central nervous system or postpartum trauma. Among the causes of formations are called circulatory failure in the brain of a newborn, due to which nervous tissue necrotic.

Injuries, diseases of the brain of the head lead to the formation of cysts inflammatory nature(encephalitis, meningitis), strokes.

Because of these phenomena, there is a degeneration of brain tissue, death and the formation of a cavity filled with liquid substance. Tissues located nearby can be compressed, symptoms appear that are characteristic of a cyst, the consequences of which are a lag in the growth and development of children from their peers.

Types of cysts

There are three groups of pathology:

Located in the vascular plexuses;
Subepindymal (retrocerebellar cavity);
Arachnoid.

Arachnoid cystic cavity

Arachnoid fluid cavity abdominal education, whose dimensions vary individually. The arachnoid cavity can form in the intercerebral membranes. It develops after inflammation of the meninges, strokes, traumatic injuries. Such a cavity is characterized by rapid growth. Tissues located nearby are compressed, which leads to serious consequences. Patients need constant monitoring and often serious treatment.

The arachnoid cavity can cause headache, nausea, vomiting, hallucinations, convulsive syndromes. If such signs appear, you need to as soon as possible see a specialist to decide on treatment: a child may die from a ruptured arachnoid cyst.

Retrocerebellar cystic cavity

Subependymal - is considered one of the most severe forms of cystosis. Such children must be constantly and dynamically monitored. R It is recommended to perform an MRI to monitor changes in the size of the subependymal cystic formation once a year.

The development of subependymal fluid buildup is associated with impaired blood flow in the ventricles. As a result, their oxygen supply (ischemia) is disrupted, resulting in the formation of a necrotic focus.

If the cause of the cavity is a blockage of the ducts, then the formation rarely increases in size and causes a violation of the condition. When the process is caused by a helminth, the cavity can grow rapidly and cause sensations characteristic of a cystic process in the head.

In addition to the symptoms inherent in cerebral cystic growths, with large sizes education in pineal gland the child is noted, which develops due to compression of the gland. The patient in this case suffers from severe headaches that are not stopped by painkillers.

Cystic cavities of the pituitary gland

The pituitary gland is a small but important part of the brain that regulates the work of each endocrine gland, and itself produces many hormones in the body. A cystic formation near the pituitary gland, in the region of the Turkish saddle, will lead to endocrine disorders. Such a child will have a delay in puberty, he will lag behind in growth.

Cyst of the intermediate sail

The birth of children is the greatest happiness on earth. However, this exciting event can be overshadowed by problems with his health. Congenital cystic formation in the head of babies is one of such problems. It is even more difficult to deal with the ornate terms that poor parents have to deal with. For example, such as cystic formation of the intermediate sail of the medulla. Despite the intimidating name, this is not the worst kind of cystic vesicles. What is the cystic formation of the intermediate sail, what is the treatment, the consequences of this pathology?

Under the intermediate sail understand the fold of the pia mater of the medulla in the roof of the 3rd ventricle.

In the human head, four ventricles are cavities that fill with fluid. In this case, the third ventricle is of interest. top wall The third ventricle is called the roof. From the cavity of the ventricle, an intermediate sail is formed. Hence the name of this pathology, it is also called a cyst of the third ventricle in a child. Sometimes, during the intrauterine development of the fetus, the leaves of this formation do not grow together and a cistern is formed between them.

If the leaves fold soft meninges after the birth of a child, they do not grow together, a cyst of the intermediate sail develops.

Pathology is detected by chance during the study of the ventricles of the brain. Usually this cyst does not grow and does not cause unpleasant symptoms. But it is necessary to carry out its diagnosis once a year. Such a bubble can begin to grow with injuries, poisoning, or the addition of a severe infection.

Colloidal cystic cavity of the third ventricle

No cases of malignancy of this process have been recorded. But this education is capable of rapid growth. Its danger lies in the compression of the CSF pathways of the ventricle, leading to hydrocephalic syndrome. If growth is too rapid, children experience headaches, vomiting, memory loss, and ringing in the ears.

Treatment of colloid cysts is operative: the formation is removed from the ventricle and the circulation of the cerebrospinal fluid is restored.

Dermoid (congenital cyst)

Rarely found. This is a congenital pathology. They begin to form along with the fetus. In its thickness, particles of body tissues, fat, and hair are found. Whether it is necessary to treat this pathology? Such formation is recommended to be removed immediately, as it leads to serious consequences.

Regardless of location, symptoms of a fluid cavity in newborns may appear, such as:

convulsions;
Paralysis;
Numbness;
jitter;
Paresis of the arms and legs;
Hearing impairment.

Often there is tinnitus without hearing loss. Sometimes - a short-term loss of consciousness, epileptic seizures, sleep disturbance. Children under one year old become restless, irritable. Older children complain of hallucinations.

Symptoms of increased intracranial pressure - arching and throbbing pain in the head, drowsiness, in infants - swelling of the fontanelles, lethargy, vomiting and nausea. For severe cases suependymal and pineal glands of liquid vesicles are characterized by long-term non-overgrown fontanelles, bone sutures diverge. The consequence of this is the lag of children in mental and physical development.

Diagnostics

The main thing diagnostic measure if there is a suspicion that there is a cystic growth in the medulla in newborns - ultrasound (neurosonography). Until the fontanelles drag on and cranial bones did not grow together, this procedure is highly effective.

Often bubbles in the head are formed in premature babies, in newborns after complicated pregnancy and childbirth, with prolonged oxygen starvation. These categories should undergo neurosonography to prevent cystic formations at least once a year.

If a cystic vesicle in the head is detected on an ultrasound scan of a child, treatment is prescribed only after receiving more accurate information about its location, shape and size. Such data can be obtained using computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. Only after these studies can we say with certainty whether the baby has a cystic growth. In children, the symptoms and treatment of this disease are specific.

Treatment

Not every cystic growth in the head of a child requires surgical or medical intervention. Most of these formations have a favorable outcome and require only observation.

Only a doctor should decide on the need for treatment of a child. There are known cases in medicine when, when unfavorable circumstances were added, hearing and vision disappeared forever, and a sudden death occurred.

It is possible to treat cystic blisters of the brain in children with conservative and surgical methods.

Preparations

If education does not progress, appoint drug treatment. It is aimed at combating the causes that caused this anomaly. The doctor prescribes drugs that improve the movement of blood in this area and the supply of blood to the brain. Such medicinal substances called brain metabolites. If a cavity with liquid is formed due to infectious process, prescribe drugs that have a detrimental effect on the causative agent of this infection (antibacterial, antiviral). If the body's immune forces are reduced, immunostimulating drugs are prescribed. Assign vitamins with trace elements.

Operation

Surgical operations, with the help of which this disease is treated, are usually divided into two types:

Palliative;
Radical.

Palliative methods come in two varieties:

Shunting. A special shunt system is used for it. This technique is less traumatic, but it also has negative points, such as the possibility of infection (the shunt stays in the medulla for a long time, only the cystic fluid is removed, and not the formation itself);
Endoscopic way to remove cystic contents. Punctures are made and an endoscope is inserted into the cavity, through which fluid is removed. This technique is considered the most minimally invasive and safe.

Cranial trepanation was taken as the basis of the radical method. In this case, the cyst is removed with the walls and all contents. This operation is highly traumatic and dangerous. It is resorted to only in the most extreme cases.

Prevention

The diagnosis of a cyst is of little concern to anyone. Everything is perceived differently if a cyst is found in the brain of a newborn. Parents, even just hearing about such a diagnosis from friends, panic and begin to examine their own child. Advice on this issue, of course, will not be superfluous. But is there a cure for this pathology?