Viral pemphigus in children treatment Komarovsky. Useful video about the diagnosis of pemphigus. Rare varieties of pemphigus

Infectious malaise is seasonal and is more often diagnosed in the spring and summer. Spread by airborne droplets or by contact. Outbreaks of the disease are typical for groups where there is close communication between people.

The reasons

The cause of viral pemphigus in adults is considered to be Coxsackie A16 and EV71 enteroviruses. From the moment of infection to the appearance of the first symptoms of malaise, 4-6 days pass. All this time and several months after recovery, the person is a carrier of the infection.

Coxsackievirus usually causes damage to the palms and soles. This form of the disease proceeds easily and without consequences. Enterovirus EV71 is much more dangerous - it causes enteroviral tonsillitis, which is often and severely complicated.

In adults, viral pemphigus is rarely diagnosed. Infections are more susceptible to people after 45 years of age with a weakened immune system or with a hereditary tendency to viral pathology. A chance to become infected also appears in those who at this age first went on vacation abroad or to another unfamiliar place, that is, to where bacteria unknown to immunity “live”.

Viral pemphigus should not be confused with true. These rare diseases have similar symptoms, but different reasons occurrence.

Pemphigus vulgaris develops as an autoimmune pathological process and is very difficult, while a viral lesion, although contagious, rarely causes serious complications and passes quickly.

Symptoms

Infectious pemphigus is manifested by a scattering of vesicles (vesicles) filled with clear liquid. A favorite place of localization is the oropharynx, palms and the area between the fingers, soles.

Common symptoms of a viral infection in adults:

temperature rise to 37.2 °C;
lethargy, fast fatiguability, loss of working capacity;
abdominal discomfort, sometimes diarrhea;
joint pain and muscle pain.

If viral pemphigus occurs in the oral cavity, general symptoms accompanied by sore throat, runny nose, increased salivation, problems with chewing and swallowing food. The patient has bad smell from the mouth and nasal passages.

When the skin is damaged, soreness, itching, swelling of tissues, irritation can be observed. Sometimes the bubbles burst, leaving behind dried crusts or erosion.

Another typical symptom viral pemphigus is an increase in the submandibular and cervical lymph nodes. Sometimes the skin over them turns red, the patient complains of nausea, heaviness in the head, cough, lacrimation.

Which doctor treats viral pemphigus?

An infectious disease specialist and a dermatologist are involved in the diagnosis and treatment of an unpleasant rash. If there are no such specialists in the local clinic, it is necessary to approach the local therapist.

Sometimes symptoms viral infection encourage the patient to consult a dentist. Examining the rashes in oral cavity, the dentist always sends the patient to a specialized specialist.

Diagnostics

In most cases, viral pemphigus can be identified already at the first examination. To exclude the addition of a secondary infection or the appearance of complications, the patient is prescribed additional studies:

clinical and biochemical analysis blood;
test for the presence of antibodies;
study of the contents of vesicles;
throat swab;
general analysis of feces.

If myocarditis is suspected, echocardiography is performed to help detect abnormalities in the movement of the heart walls.

In the vast majority of cases, viral pemphigus ends with the formation of a strong immunity to the pathogen, so an unpleasant diagnosis is made once in a lifetime and only to those adults who did not have the infection in childhood.

Treatment

Treatment for viral pemphigus is purely symptomatic and is aimed at improving the patient's well-being. Therapy consists in observing a semi-bed rest, plentiful drink, taking vitamins and boosting immunity. The disease most often ends on its own in 10-14 days.

To eliminate the discomfort and symptoms of cystic lesions in adults, the following groups of drugs are used:

antiallergic - Diazolin, Fenistil, Citrine, Erius, Suprastin;
antipyretic - Aspirin, Paracetamol, Nimesil, Tylenol, Ibuprofen;
corticosteroids - Dexamethasone, Prednisolone;
cytostatics - Methotrexate, Zeksat, Sandimmun, Cytarabine, Azathioprine.

From antiviral drugs with viral pemphigus, Laferon, Cycloferon and Viferon are most often taken.

Local treatment involves the appointment of antiseptics (Miramistin, Chlorhexidine) and combined drugs with analgesic and disinfecting action (Oflokain ointment). For the healing of the skin, Bepanten, Solcoseryl, Vishnevsky liniment, Levomekol are used.

Treatment of viral pemphigus in the oral cavity is carried out by rinsing with antimicrobial and anesthetic solutions - Oracept, Forteza. You can use infusions of anti-inflammatory herbs: chamomile, calendula flowers, oak bark, cornflower. Lotions with agave juice or fresh nettle, sea buckthorn oil help well.

Supportive care is based on admission vitamin preparations, in particular, ergocalciferol, since it is he who is involved in the formation of skin peptides necessary for the development of local immunity. You should also consume more trace elements - magnesium, calcium, potassium, selenium and zinc.

Diet

When vesicles appear in the oral cavity, an adult patient is recommended to exclude hot, sour and spicy dishes limit the use of foods that can provoke allergic reaction. You should quit smoking and alcohol.

The treatment of viral pemphigus will be more effective if you give preference to fresh vegetables, fruits, liquid porridges-slurs and soups-puree. Such a diet will accelerate the recovery of the mucosa and will not cause additional harm.

Complications

Viral infection in adults usually occurs without serious consequences, but if it is not treated, it can be complicated by serious diseases:

pneumonia;
myocarditis;
encephalitis;
aseptic meningitis;
the appearance of a generalized rash;
myelitis with paralysis.

The occurrence of viral pemphigus during pregnancy, especially in the first trimester, can lead to miscarriage or cause fetal malformations, sometimes incompatible with life.

Prevention

Since viral pemphigus is contagious, all measures to prevent the disease are aimed at avoiding infection. Standard prevention includes:

washing hands after contact with strangers, visiting public places and vehicles;
avoiding any meetings with obviously sick people;
rinsing the mouth and washing the nasal cavity upon returning home from the street.

If you have to care for an injured relative, you must wear gloves and a mask, wash dishes thoroughly and carry out daily wet cleaning. The patient should be given a separate towel, bed sheets and hygiene items. After recovery, you must antiseptic treatment premises, as well as all the things that he touched.

Adults who have had viral pemphigus should be registered with a dermatologist and undergo an annual medical examination, as well as limit the time physical activity avoid stress and overwork.

Within 6 months after the illness, it is recommended to change underwear and bedding as often as possible, treat hands with an antiseptic and rinse your mouth with anti-inflammatory drugs. Such simple measures will help to avoid a recurrence of a viral infection and finally recover.

Useful video about the diagnosis of pemphigus

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For mom and dad, it is important that the baby is not only full and happy, but also healthy. And no matter how hard parents try to warn the child from various ailments not always possible.

The danger of getting sick lies in wait for the baby everywhere. Whether public transport, Kindergarten, sports section or school - catching an infection is as easy as shelling pears, communicating with other children. With an increase in body temperature in a child, the first thing that comes to mind for parents is acute respiratory infections. Indeed, along with other symptoms typical of a common cold, a rise in body temperature most often indicates the body's struggle with the virus. However, there are childhood illnesses in which the virus can infect skin child, contributing to the formation of typical nodules and vesicles. It's about about viral pemphigus in children - a dangerous and terrible disease as it might seem at first glance.

Why does viral pemphigus appear in children? Ways of infection transmission.

As soon as the child's immune system fails, the body becomes vulnerable to various viruses and bacteria. This can be facilitated by a cold, exacerbation chronic disease, age features child's body, namely, the imperfect work of the immune system. To get sick with viral pemphigus, the baby needs only a short communication with the patient, which is the source of infection.

IMPORTANT! Viral pemphigus in children is caused by an intestinal virus (enterovirus), which affects not only the skin and mucous membranes, but also circulates throughout the body.

How does the virus enter the body?

To get sick with viral pemphigus, it is enough for a child to be in the same room with a sick person. The disease is transmitted by airborne droplets (when coughing, sneezing, talking), as well as by household contact (through toys, dishes, furniture, shaking hands, etc.). An integral factor in the spread enterovirus infection is a violation of the rules of hygiene. It is known that frequent washing hands, as well as the use of individual personal hygiene items significantly reduces the likelihood of a child contracting viral pemphigus.

IMPORTANT! Viral pemphigus in children it appears after contact with a sick person, on whose skin there are fresh rashes in the form of vesicles, indicating an active course of the disease. Even after complete recovery, the causative agent of viral pemphigus in children can persist in the stool for up to three months.

The disease often occurs in the summer-autumn period.

How does viral pemphigus manifest itself in children? Disease symptoms.

Most often, children aged 2 to 10 years are sick with viral pemphigus; among the adult population, the disease is quite rare. Typically, after incubation period, which ranges from 3 to 14 days on average, the child develops symptoms that are clinically similar to initial stage SARS. Body temperature can rise to 38 degrees, but often after a day it returns to normal. Signs of a viral infection such as weakness, loss of appetite, sore throat, cough, runny nose, chills, and headache specific to this disease are not, therefore, the diagnosis of viral pemphigus in children is made only after the appearance of rashes on the skin of the child.

IMPORTANT! Viral pemphigus in children is often confused with a sore throat, in which the baby also refuses to eat and complains of a sore throat. The difference is that with the development of pemphigus on the buccal mucosa, tongue and upper sky ulcers uncharacteristic of angina will be determined.

What does a rash look like with viral pemphigus in a child?

Localization of rashes: palms, feet, buttocks, arms and legs, oral mucosa.

The shape and size of the rashes: vesicles (vesicles) ranging in size from a few mm to 1 cm, in an amount from 2-3 to 100 elements.

Rash: appears soon after the formation of vesicles on the skin or simultaneously.

Pemphigus rash in children can be itchy, causing the child to scratch the blisters on the skin, leaving open sores. After about a week, the sores crust and heal.

Viral pemphigus in children. Treat or not?

Is it worth it to treat this disease at all? With treatment, the disease disappears after 7 days, and without it - after a week, and almost always without complications.

The main emphasis in the treatment of viral pemphigus in children is on improving the well-being of the child.

Perhaps this is the only disease in which the use of a large number ice cream and soft drinks to partially relieve a sore throat. Warm drinks, on the other hand, can increase pain in the mouth.

So, to alleviate the condition of the child with viral pemphigus, you can use:

hygienic treatment of affected areas of the skin and mucous membranes;
mouth and throat rinses by special means, which include an anesthetic (eliminate pain, alleviate the condition);
ice cream and cold drinks (juice, compote, cold tea, water), except for carbonated sweet water;
exclusion from the child's diet of spicy, sour and spicy foods that irritate the oral mucosa;
children's painkillers and antipyretics based on paracetamol or ibuprofen;
antiallergic drugs, with which it will be possible to reduce itching and inflammation around the blisters.

IMPORTANT! Appointment of any medicinal product and only the doctor is engaged in the selection of the required dosage depending on age. Treating a child on your own without medical advice is extremely risky and dangerous!

Unfortunately, modern medicine still cannot pinpoint the exact cause of the disease. Because of this, treatment is not always effective. However, doctors are inclined to believe that the provoking factor is a violation of autoimmune processes.

A certain factor activates the production of antibodies to the body's own cells. A similar phenomenon occurs in negative impact environment and retroviruses. Also taken into account genetic predisposition to certain diseases.

Symptoms and forms of viral pemphigus in children

The viral pemphigus disease is viral infection organism, as a result of which blisters appear on the skin, which can be either small in size or, in combination with other formations, cover most body.

Viral pemphigus also tends to appear on the mucous membranes, inside the formation contains a cloudy liquid.

The child may become infected in public places, after which for some time to be a carrier of the virus and infect others.

The photos show how frightening the symptoms of this disease can be. The bubble is infection, which can be spread by direct contact, as well as droplets of saliva when coughing and sneezing, and even through household items.

Pemphigus in children is characterized by the appearance of painful pimples that look like watery blisters. different size. Several foci can merge into one. Causes the disease enterovirus Coxsackie.

A chronic disease of an autoimmune nature, which manifests itself through the formation of blisters on the skin and mucous membranes, is called pemphigus. This pathology has several stages of flow.

vulgar;

vegetative;

leaf-shaped;

erythematous.

Viral pemphigus is a form of pemphigus and occurs through infection with the Coxsackie A16 virus or intestinal virus(enterovirus 71). The virus is simplest form bordering between animate and inanimate nature. This is a defective cell (like a bacterium), it cannot multiply without "attaching" to a cell of the human body.

The child's body is fragile and prone to many diseases. A disease in which not water, but purulent blisters form on the body of a child is called streptoderma. You can read more about this disease in an article on the topic of streptoderma in children, photo.

blisters in the mucous membranes of the eyes, mouth or genitals;
the appearance of an unpleasant odor in places of the affected skin;
the formation of colorless content inside the bubbles;
after the rupture of the bubbles, ulcers appear.

inguinal zones;
nasal cavity;

Pemphigus in children is a disease viral etiology . The disease is accompanied by the formation of characteristic blisters on the skin, rapidly spreading through the epithelium.

Children at risk are younger and preschool age. At improper treatment blistering can cause serious complications and impair the child's quality of life. Therapy should be carried out comprehensively and in stages.

Concept and characteristics

Pemphigus in a child - photo:

Pemphigus is an infectious disease characterized by the formation of painful blisters on the skin. Visually, they resemble bubbles filled with liquid.

Progression viral disease leads to draining blisters and a rapid increase in their numbers. The pathological process is accompanied not only by itching and burning, but also by severe pain.

Pemphigus is considered seasonal disease. The greatest activity of the virus is observed in autumn and spring.

Causes

The causative agent of pemphigus is. The disease can be transmitted by airborne droplets or upon contact with contaminated items. Symptoms of the disease do not occur in all children.

The main condition for the development of pemphigus is considered to be a weak immune system.

If the protective functions of the child's body are not violated, then contact with the carrier of the virus can do without negative consequences.

Increase the risk of infection child, the following factors:

weakening of the immune system under the influence of uncontrolled intake of potent drugs;
congenital autoimmune pathologies;
genetic predisposition;
hormonal disorders in the body;
neglect of the rules of personal hygiene;
the negative impact of the environment on the child's body;
pathologies associated with the central nervous system;
contact with common objects without observing security measures.

How to treat herpes on the body of a child? Learn about it from ours.

Classification

AT medical practice pemphigus is divided into several varieties. They differ not only place of localization but also the process of its development.

Determining the specific type of disease is necessary for prescribing specific course of treatment. For the treatment of certain types of the disease, it is necessary to use special drugs and schemes for their use. Pemphigus can develop in a mild, moderate, severe or chronic form.

Types of pemphigus:

Symptoms and signs

The incubation period for pemphigus is seven days. The first symptom of the disease is worsening general condition child. The appearance of characteristic blisters occurs after two or three days.

In some cases, blistering may be accompanied by a rash. Further development disease resembles chickenpox. Blisters can occur singly or immediately cover a significant part of the skin.

A distinctive feature of pemphigus is the fusion of blisters with each other.

The symptoms of pemphigus are as follows signs:

Complications and consequences

In some cases, pemphigus may acquire chronic nature. Such forms of the disease provoke serious defeat internal organs and disrupt their performance.

AT childhood such complications are rare and only as a result of the lack of right approach to treatment. Most often, pemphigus has a favorable prognosis and disappears without a trace in young patients.

Possible complications diseases can have the following consequences:

heart failure;
sepsis;
encephalitis.

For the treatment of roseola in babies, you will find on our website.

Diagnostics

In most cases, doctors can identify pemphigus in children with visual inspection.

If the disease has joined additional infection or experts suspect a complication pathological process, an additional examination is scheduled.

In the diagnosis of the disease, the following can be used procedures:

general and biochemical blood test;
cytological examination of the fluid from the blisters;
checking blood for the presence of specific antibodies;
histological studies;
complex analysis of feces;
liquor analysis.

What to treat?

When drawing up a treatment plan for pemphigus, doctors consider individual characteristics child's body, the degree of damage to the skin and the presence of additional infections.

With proper and timely therapy, the symptoms of the disease disappear after a week.

If the skin is affected in insignificant degree, then treatment may consist only in the use of medications that eliminate pain.

Preparations

The need to use strong medicines in the treatment of pemphigus occurs in case of significant damage to the skin or serious condition child.

To eliminate the symptoms of the disease, antipyretic, hormonal, antiviral agents, as well as drugs of other categories.

In the treatment of pemphigus, the following can be prescribed drugs:

means for lowering body temperature (Ibuprofen, Acetaminophen);
glucocorticosteroid drugs (Dexamethasone);
hormonal drugs (Prednisolone, Betamethasone);
combined medicines (pharmacy talkers);
antihistamines (Fenistil, Tsetrin);
antiviral drugs (Viferon, Cycloferon);
means of the cytostatic group (Azathioprine);
antimicrobials (Oracept);
antiseptics (Miramistin).

Physiotherapy

Physiotherapy procedures for pemphigus are prescribed at the discretion of the doctor.

Such a technique becomes mandatory in the presence of complications or damage to large areas of the skin of a small patient.

Preparations for physiotherapy procedures are selected by specialists individually. Doctors take into account not only the general condition of the child, but also his age.

Kinds applied procedures:

electrical stimulation of the bladder;
electrophoresis with prozerin or atropine;
electrical stimulation;
electrophoresis with calcium chloride;
magnetotherapy.

Folk remedies

Recipes alternative medicine well help to eliminate pain in pemphigus. You are allowed to use them, but only after consultation with a doctor and holding comprehensive survey child.

Some forms of pemphigus imply mandatory application powerful medicines. Self-medication with folk remedies can complicate therapy and slow down the healing process of a small patient.

Examples folk remedies used for pemphigus in children:

Lotions with nettle juice (fresh leaves nettles must be crushed, the juice squeezed out, a cotton pad is wetted in the resulting liquid, the workpiece must be applied to blisters or crusts several times a day).
Compresses with aloe juice(from the leaves of aloe it is necessary to extract the pulp, soak a cotton pad with juice and apply a lotion several times a day to the affected areas of the child's skin).
Healing infusion to strengthen the general condition of the child (in equal amounts it is necessary to combine yarrow, chamomile, St. John's wort, birch buds and calendula, pour a teaspoon of the resulting mixture with boiling water, insist and consume during the day in small portions).
Lotions with oils (cotton swab, impregnated with sea buckthorn, sunflower or olive oil, it is necessary to apply to the affected areas of the skin several times a day, the procedure helps to speed up the process of peeling the crusts).

The opinion of Dr. Komarovsky

Blisters that occur on the mucous membranes are more difficult to treat, and complications can cause extremely negative consequences.

For example, bubbles in the eye area increase the likelihood decrease in vision. Plays a big role proper care for the child. Handle blisters with gloves. Otherwise, the risk of adult infection will increase.

Based on the opinion of Dr. Komarovsky, the following can be done conclusions:

adherence to a diet (exclusion from the diet of sour, spicy and salty foods);
during the period of illness, it is necessary to limit the use of sweets by the child;
hot meals and drinks should be excluded from the child's diet;
clothes for a child should be chosen from natural materials (the cut should be free to ensure a constant supply of oxygen to the wounds);
the room in which the child is located should be regularly ventilated and subjected to wet cleaning;
it is not recommended to bathe children in the first week of progression of the disease (the wound healing process will worsen under the influence of moisture).

Forecast

Favorable forecasts for pemphigus are possible only in the case of adequate and timely therapy.

If the symptoms of the disease have been ignored for a long time or self-medication has been used, then the consequences can endanger the life of the child.

Bladder has the ability recur. With its regular occurrence, the protective functions of the child's body are reduced. The baby becomes vulnerable to infections and viruses, many of which increase the risk of death.

The nuances of forecasting pemphigus:

overdose hormonal drugs becomes the cause of complications;
the exclusion of the use of corticosteroids slows down the treatment process and leads to relapses;
self-medication can provoke the addition of additional infections that are life-threatening for the child.

Prevention measures

Prevention of pemphigus is mainly aimed at strengthening protective functions child's body. In most cases, the virus infects weakened children.

If the child has had serious disease or surgery, the strengthening of immunity should be given special attention.

Additionally required control the diet children and the conditions in which they are. Children should be taught personal hygiene from an early age.

Prevention measures for pemphigus are as follows: recommendations:

The child must have individual means hygiene (towel, Toothbrush etc.).
strengthening immune system child from the first days of his life (long breast-feeding, proper diet nutrition, vitamins according to age).
The clothes of the child must be clean, and the room in which he stays must comply with sanitary requirements.
The child should know that it is impossible to come close to people with signs of a cold (for example, to a person who is sneezing or coughing).
All diseases (regardless of etiology) should be treated promptly and fully.

If a child develops symptoms of pemphigus, it is necessary to as soon as possible see a doctor. The disease is not fatal dangerous infections, but the lack of therapy can cause the attachment of other pathological processes.

The presence of complications is the basis for unfavorable forecasts . Some effects may not respond to treatment and disrupt the quality of life of the baby. Self-medication with pemphigus should be excluded.

About epidemic pemphigus of the newborn you can learn from the video:

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A dermatological disease, with characteristic blisters that occur on the mucous membranes and skin, is called "pemphigus" or "pemphigus". The disease is characterized by duration, with the periodic occurrence and disappearance of the main symptoms.

Causes

The true causes of pemphigus formation in childhood have not been fully elucidated. Violation of the functionality of autoimmune processes, under the influence of uncertain factors, causes the body to produce antibodies against its own cells. There are several theories of the origin of the process:

neurogenic - based on disorders of the central nervous system;
endocrine - occurs due to hormonal imbalance;
infectious - damage to the body by an unknown virus or bacterium;
autoimmune - the body includes a mechanism for the destruction of its own cells by antibodies.

Specialists adhere latest version- at laboratory research specific antibodies are found in the blood of babies. Exact reasons the body's attacks on itself are unknown, doctors suggest that the source is individual factors:

hereditary predisposition;
infection with bacteria of the endogenous type - when they enter the body through contact or air.

There is a theory that individual people are carriers of pathology external manifestation illness. The disease is often determined in children, against the background of an undeveloped immune system, unsuccessfully struggling with any external attacks.

Types and symptoms of the disease

Most often, babies are diagnosed with a viral type of pemphigus - this option is one of the safest. With the timely detection of the disease and carrying out necessary treatment, the disease passes without complications and negative consequences.

Other species are not considered harmless and can lead to serious pathological processes:

Ordinary or vulgar

Able to affect the mucous membranes and skin in children of any age, starting from birth. The causes of pemphigus are considered:

severe burns;
prolonged exposure to direct sunlight;
long-term therapy with hormonal, antibacterial, antihistamines.

On visual examination, the symptoms of the disease are similar to blisters that form after burns.

General clinical picture ordinary pemphigus is characterized by:

the appearance of blisters filled with transparent contents, easily opened from any contact (including clothing);
after the rupture of the shell, erosion appears in its place, accompanied by painful sensations;
the affected area does not heal for a long time;
its edges are cracking;
at the slightest movement, blood is released from the erosions.

If the papules have not been opened, then crusts form in their center. The total area of the bubbles tends to constantly increase, with the capture of adjacent clean areas. Papules do not have a specific location; they can appear on any part of the skin.

Gradual progression of the disease further state child:

sleep is disturbed;
there is a loss of appetite;
lethargy occurs;
irritability;
muscle pain and headaches.

Pemphigus vulgaris is a disease with rapid progression. With absence adequate treatment, children develop complications that affect the nervous and endocrine system. Extensive purulent processes and septic conditions can lead to death.

vegetative

It is characterized by localization of lesions, without rapid growth. In the absence of the necessary therapy, given form goes into pemphigus vulgaris and develops according to its scheme. Vegetative pemphigus is further subdivided into two subspecies:

Apollo - appears in the background long-term treatment corticosteroids, with the formation of purulent blisters. After opening them, the wound surface begins to get wet, an unpleasant odor joins. This subspecies is prone to joining secondary infections bacterial etiology.
Neumann - characterized by voluminous growths similar to cauliflower, with a repulsive effect. Wound surfaces after opening them, they heal for a long time, after which flat warts. The formations are located in the perineum, armpit and on the head. In the absence of therapy, further spread is not observed.

Exfoliative or leafy

Occurs in preschool and primary school children age period, refers to chronic forms with serious complications. Main symptomatic manifestations presented:

shallow damage to the epidermis under the hair of the head;
after their opening, peeling of the wound surface occurs;
the appearance of a repulsive odor;
as a result of prolonged healing, the following blisters appear at the site of the lesion;
neoplasms are layered on top of each other;
with advanced forms of the disease, an increase in body temperature is noted;
possible loss of all hair.

Seborrheic or erythematous

This form pathological condition similar in general clinical picture to seborrheic dermatitis. Occurs in children in exceptional cases, is fixed against the background of long-term uncontrolled intake of drugs.

It proceeds in a light form, without the development of complications. It is found on the face, areas of the back, chest and skin under the hair on the head. It develops according to the standard scheme:

on the integument of the dermis, strong redness with clearly defined contours appears;
bubbles appear at the site of hyperemia;
blisters quickly open, the affected areas are covered with grayish-yellowish crusts;
when they are torn off, an eroded surface is exposed.

The lack of necessary treatment leads to the degeneration of the erythematous form into pemphigus vulgaris.

Viral or enterovirus

Disagreements in relation to this variant of pemphigus led to its isolation as both a common and an isolated subspecies. Some experts consider infectious form to those listed above and do not consider it a separate variation of the disease.

When determining viral form as an independent type of pemphigus, its special localization is noted - on the skin of the palms and soles.

The causes of the formation of a pathological condition are:

enteroviruses 71 types;
Coxsackie viruses - type A16.

In the second option, the skin of the child's palms is affected, in the first case, the pathology spreads over large areas, passes with the formation of serious complications.

Babies with a weak autoimmune system are susceptible to this form of the disease, especially in the spring and autumn periods. At this time, whole epidemics break out among children. A secondary prerequisite for the manifestation of the disease is a change in climatic conditions.

The overall clinical picture does not have a clear step-by-step scheme and can manifest itself in various variations:

location - palms, feet, in rare cases- genitals, skin of the buttocks and thighs;
blisters are oval or elongated;
the contents of the papules are absolutely transparent;
the child complains of obsessive itching and pain in places of defeat;
a reddish rim is visible around the bubbles;
after the opening of the bubbles, erosion is formed;
a crust appears on the affected areas, which quickly disappears.

The baby has lethargy, drowsiness, loss of appetite, disturbances in night sleep.

It is not possible to independently determine pemphigus - parents need to contact medical institution for consultation with a dermatologist and subsequent examination diagnostic examinations. Self-medication of any form of the disease can lead to serious complications, in some cases - to a lethal outcome.

Treatment

The therapeutic effect directly depends on the form of the disease identified during the study.

Medical treatment

In case of detection viral option, treatment involves the appointment of the following drugs:

antihistamines;
glucocorticosteroid;
antipyretic;
antiviral;
cytostatic.

antiseptic;
combined - based on painkillers and antiseptic drugs;
antimicrobial with a local anesthetic effect - for oral mucosa;
lotions against obsessive itching from oils walnut, aloe juice or nettle.

In conditions inpatient treatment babies are additionally assigned therapeutic procedures aimed at cleaning the blood from pathological antibodies:

hemosorption - based on carbon filtration;
plasmapheresis - replacement of blood plasma with sterile solutions that do not contain immune complexes and antibodies.

The therapeutic course of treatment for other forms of pemphigus is determined individually and depends on the general condition of the baby's body.

Other options

Non-infectious forms of the disease require the appointment of individual medications and manipulations:

high doses of glucocorticoids;
immunosuppressants;
administration of human immunoglobulin;
monoclonal antibodies;
plasmapheresis;
antibiotic therapy and antifungal medicines - if necessary;
with minimal chance of survival, stem cell transplantation or bone marrow allotransplantation is used.

When treating at home, parents are advised to ensure proper care for the child, which includes a number of specific requirements:

a ban on bathing the baby for the entire period of therapeutic procedures - in order to avoid further spread of lesions and prolong their healing time;
change habitual daily diet for a specialized treatment table excluding the introduction of spicy and acidic foods;
replacement of ordinary clothing with the recommended one - made from natural materials, loose fit (to reduce points of contact with damaged areas of the skin);
constant access of air to eroded surfaces;
compliance with the standards of ventilation and wet cleaning in a residential area intended for a child;
quarantine for seven days to avoid accidental infection of other family members.

Prevention

The main measures to prevent the development of the disease include:

compliance with personal hygiene requirements;
limiting contact with infected people;
refusal of uncontrolled use of drugs;
timely referral for professional medical care, the passage of periodic examinations by a dermatologist;
increasing the functionality of the autoimmune system through vitamin therapy, proper diet;
thorough washing of children's things;
constant cleaning of residential premises;
full treatment of any diseases, without interruption of the recommended therapy regimen.

Pemphigus is serious illness, dismissive attitude to which may lead severe degrees complications and fatal outcome. The appearance of primary symptoms requires parents to immediately contact a specialist and carefully follow all prescribed recommendations. Pemphigus is a disease of uncertain etiology, the treatment of which is carried out according to symptomatic signs and does not have a specific drug that affects the disease.

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