All about the contraceptive spiral. How to determine if the spiral is in place. Miscarriage every month

Among all known contraceptives, intrauterine contraceptives are considered the most convenient and do not require total control. With their correct installation, taking into account all the existing contraindications, you can forget about scheduling, taking pills on a schedule for many years, forget about running to the bathroom at the most inopportune moment. However, there is an unfounded opinion about adverse effects on the body of a woman of intrauterine contraception of this type.
Effects intrauterine device. All for and against

Exactly, like any of our actions, which have a completely opposite assessment, depending on which side you look at, each specific method of contraception has its pros and cons. The benefits and harms of the spiral cannot be assessed unambiguously. It all depends on the individual characteristics of the woman. What one brings undeniable benefit, without causing absolutely no deviations from the norm, for the other will become harm. And installation intrauterine contraceptive can be a real complication.

Intrauterine contraceptives should be installed exclusively by a doctor and always under appropriate conditions. If no contraindications are found during examination by the attending physician, this method will not cause any complications.

Is the spiral harmful? Contraindications:

perfect this way contraception, will be for women with permanent partners, that is, those who have a constant sex life. Is it harmful to put a spiral in promiscuity? Definitely yes! Such contraception is not capable of protecting against sexually transmitted diseases, therefore its use can be 100% justified only with full confidence in the purity of the relationship between partners.

What is dangerous intrauterine device in the presence of acute or chronic form genital diseases? A woman's body gets used to the established foreign object for 3-8 months, and the presence of inflammatory processes significantly complicates the period of adaptation. In addition, all the existing mildly expressed, “sleeping” ailments of the genital organs are actively manifesting themselves. When the first symptoms appear: burning, itching, pain in the lower back, in the lower abdomen, general malaise, chills or high body temperature, you should immediately seek medical advice.

Is a spiral dangerous for a woman during pregnancy? Yes! The presence of a spiral during pregnancy can cause a number of complications, including the threat of interruption. Regardless of the reason for the pregnancy, it must be removed.

Most likely, it does not need to be confirmed and what is dangerous for the spiral in uterine bleeding and malignant neoplasms in the genital area.

There are also restrictions on the use of contraceptives of this type for women with heart disease, with inflammation of the internal organs, and patients with diabetes mellitus.

Of course, in cases where all possible complications are completely absent and there are no contraindications for the installation of an IUD, this is best option. Minimum discomfort and fears, plus maximum protection from unwanted pregnancy. Therefore, it makes sense to clarify in each case - is the spiral harmful to a woman? A positive decision, with the exception of any complications, will give absolute freedom and independence from circumstances in intimate life.
Is the spiral dangerous for a woman? Possible Complications

Now directly about the complications that may arise when using a spiral.

Infrequently, but a common problem is the loss of the installed contraceptive from the uterine cavity, and complications can be expected in the first time after installation (up to 3 months). It is for this reason that the attending physician offers an additional examination after this time period has elapsed.
The very fact of falling out does not affect the well-being of a woman in any way and does not bring harm. The only thing is that it is necessary to notice this incident in a timely manner and take necessary measures- choose the right size for the new model.
Insertion of an intrauterine contraceptive may sometimes cause different nature complexity and uterine bleeding. With such complications, a further verdict - whether the intrauterine device is harmful in a particular case, is set only by the attending physician based on the results of the examination and tests.
Fears such as a uterine puncture are an almost uncommon complication, but theoretically there is a risk. Timely medical assistance completely eliminates this misunderstanding without further consequences.

Regardless of the ratio of benefits and risks, its main advantages are undeniable:

Almost 100% efficiency;
Long period of use (2 - 5 years);
Lack of influence on the whole body as a whole;
Does not affect the possibility of becoming pregnant in the future;
No age restrictions;
The installation process is often painless and takes little time.

The intrauterine device is a very common method of contraception. It is a small device that is placed in the uterine cavity and prevents further movement of spermatozoa. Thanks to complex impact this method of contraception is considered reliable. But many women are concerned about the question, is this method of protection dangerous for health? We will talk about how harmful a spiral is for a woman in this article.

Infectious diseases

If a woman decides to put an intrauterine device, then she should know that this method of contraception will not protect her from possible infectious diseases that are sexually transmitted. In addition, the risk of infection increases, because when installing this device, the uterine cavity is always in an ajar state. It is worth noting that the likelihood of infection increases several times if a woman does not have a permanent sexual partner. It is especially not recommended to use this method of contraception for those women who already had inflammatory diseases of the genital organs.

Continuous abortion

The intrauterine device is an abortifacient, because the egg has time to be fertilized, but dies due to the fact that it cannot attach to the uterine cavity. Because of the spiral, a small infectious process which prevents the birth of new life.

According to statistics, in women who choose this method of contraception, the likelihood intrauterine pregnancy increases by 4 times. Some women miscarry, while others need surgical intervention, because the zygote dies at the stage of intrauterine pregnancy.

Dangerous Consequences

Doctors recommend using this method of contraception only for those women who no longer plan to have children. The fact is that when wearing a spiral, serious health problems can arise. For example, the most dangerous complication is uterine rupture. It also increases the risk of developing various inflammatory diseases. But if a woman, for medical reasons, can no longer have children, then the use of this method of contraception is a necessity.

For some women, an intrauterine device is suitable, while others experience discomfort and pain, everything is purely individual. But in most women, when setting the spiral, painful menstruation is still observed. In addition, they become more intense and long-lasting. There is also a high risk of bleeding.

The intrauterine device, like any other method of contraception, has its advantages and disadvantages, for some women it is harmful, and for others it is a show for use. But before installing this device, a woman must definitely undergo a complete examination by a gynecologist in order to avoid possible complications in the future. After installing the spiral, a woman must follow all the doctor's instructions and come from time to time for examination.

Video about the intrauterine device

More than 60 million women in the world prefer such a means of contraception as an intrauterine contraceptive. Which ones are better, for how long they are installed, is it a painful procedure? These questions are of interest to many women.

Navy classification

This type of contraception is used by more than 16% of Russian women in childbirth. reproductive age. To find out how good the intrauterine device is, which one best protects against pregnancy, you need to know which spirals can be purchased on the domestic market. There are several types of intrauterine contraceptives:

• non-drug;
• medical first generation - "Multiload", "Nova", "Juno Bio";
• third-generation medications - Mirena.

The first are made of synthetic materials with the addition. They come in various shapes: T-shaped or S-shaped. This ineffective physicians report that they are currently not used due to frequent inflammatory complications after their injections.

The second group is represented by IUDs (intrauterine contraceptives) containing copper, gold, silver. In this case, the presence of one metal or a combination of several is possible: the rod is silver, and the winding is copper. Intrauterine devices with silver and other metals do not corrode, contribute to the prevention various inflammations internal genital organs and are placed for quite a long time - for 5 years.

Contraceptives belonging to the third group are similar in form to the previous ones, but contain a container with a synthetic progestogen, which is released in microdoses - up to 20 mcg daily. Such spirals are placed for 7 years. They not only have a contraceptive effect, preventing the attachment of a fertilized egg, but are also used to treat various diseases: endometriosis, dysfunctional uterine bleeding and during hormone replacement therapy with estrogen to prevent endometrial hyperplasia. Such spirals are suitable for women with religious prejudices, since fertilization does not occur due to changes in hormonal balance under the influence of the constant release of progestogens.

Mechanism of action

To decide which intrauterine device is better, you need to know how they work. This method of contraception leads to the development of specific inflammation as a reaction to a foreign body: leukocyte infiltration of the endometrium, morphofunctional changes that are unusual for a normal menstrual cycle and in which the introduction of a fertilized egg is impossible.

The IUD causes uterine contractions, prevents the normal growth of the endometrium for egg implantation, promotes peristalsis and negatively affects spermatozoa with copper, gold and silver ions.

Each theory of contraceptive action should not be considered as prevailing, the mechanism of action consists of several components.

Advantages

To find out which intrauterine device is the best, you need to familiarize yourself with the advantages of all types of IUDs:

• efficiency up to 98%;
• ease of use;
• minimum adverse reactions;

• restoration of the ability to fertilize after the removal of the IUD during the first month;
• breastfeeding does not suffer (not suitable for IUDs with gestagens);
• entered for a long time;
• low cost;
• there is no need for daily pills and monitoring of use when using oral contraceptives.

Flaws

Among the shortcomings, it should be noted drawing pains in the lower abdomen, especially in the early days, heavy menstruation, high risk inflammation development, constant control behind the mustache, restrictions for young women.

Contraindications

Which intrauterine devices are better: "Multiload", "Juno Bio", "Nova"? Are there contraindications for a certain type of spiral? It should be noted that for all types there are relative and absolute contraindications.

Absolute contraindications include an acute inflammatory process, oncological neoplasms of the cervix and body of the uterus, bleeding from the vagina of an unclear nature, a suspected or existing pregnancy. With these symptoms, the introduction of a spiral is categorically contraindicated.

Relative contraindications are such symptoms in which the introduction of the IUD is possible after appropriate examination or treatment, or when the contraceptive will not contribute to the progression of the process. It:

Exacerbation of chronic diseases and six months after treatment;
. venereal diseases;
. cervicitis, vaginitis;
. profuse menstruation, between menstrual bleeding;
. hyperplasia or endometrial polyps;
. uterine fibroids with submucous nodes;
. some forms of endometriosis;
. malformations of the uterus: insufficient development, abnormal structure;
. changes in the cervix, in which the introduction of the IUD is impossible;
. ectopic pregnancy six months before the introduction;
. expulsion (self-extraction) of the IUD in history;
. infectious and inflammatory complications after an abortion during the last three months;
. if there are many sexual partners;
. somatic diseases: chronic inflammation, incl. tuberculosis; anemia or coagulopathy; rheumatic heart disease, valvular defects;
. allergy to metal ions;
. Westphal-Wilson-Konovalov disease - a hereditary disease in which copper metabolism is disturbed;
. treatment with immunosuppressants.

In each case, after clarifying all the adverse factors and a thorough examination, the doctor determines the possibility of using the IUD. Pharmacies sell various intrauterine devices. Photos of the packages are presented above. Their cost varies from 200 to 10,000 rubles.

Examination before the introduction of the spiral

Before use this method contraception, an individual consultation with your gynecologist is necessary and the implementation necessary minimum surveys:

• clinical blood test;
• survey;
• examination for syphilis, hepatitis B and C, HIV carriage;
• extended colposcopy;
• Ultrasound of the uterus and appendages.

Time of IUD insertion

According to WHO experts, the spiral can be inserted on any day, but most auspicious days 4-7 days of the menstrual cycle are considered. This is due to the fact that at the indicated time, the uterine mucosa was restored after endometrial rejection, ajar, the presence of menstruation is a reliable sign of the absence of pregnancy, and minimal bleeding that occurs after administration does not bring discomfort to the woman. After an induced abortion or self-abortion, the IUD can be inserted immediately or within 4 days in the absence of signs of bleeding and inflammation.

Complications

Complications are possible immediately and after a while after the intrauterine device is installed. What is better in terms of a minimum of unpleasant side effects? Often after the introduction of the spiral, a pain symptom occurs, which can last for an hour. This is reported in the reviews. Most often, discomfort disappears after taking analgesics. If the pain is not relieved by taking analgesics and antispasmodics, then an ultrasound scan or hysteroscopy is necessary to establish the correct insertion of the IUD and diagnose the presence of a spiral in the uterus or outside it (with perforation of the uterus during insertion).

IUD expulsion is most often observed in young nulliparous women due to increased uterine contractility. It occurs mainly in the first days after the introduction. Moreover, the frequency of this complication depends on the type of spiral: copper-containing ones are self-removed in 6-16% of cases, progestogen-containing ones - in 3-6.5%. With age, an increase in the number of births and abortions, the likelihood of this complication decreases.

Inflammatory diseases are complications that are observed in 3.8-14.5% of cases with the introduction of the IUD of the second group. Moreover, if inflammation occurs in the first 3 weeks, then its occurrence can be associated with the introduction of the IUD; if after 3 months - then this is a newly arisen disease. The formation of a purulent tubovarial formation is the most formidable inflammatory complication. It occurs with prolonged use of the spiral - more than 6-7 years. Bloody discharge is possible in the first days after administration (2.1-3.8% of cases) and is stopped by the appointment of hemostatic agents. If bleeding continues, is accompanied by pain, or occurs between periods and is not treatable, then the coil must be removed.

In 0.5-2% of cases, pregnancy is possible. This occurs with full or partial expulsion of the IUD. Most often, such a pregnancy ends in spontaneous abortion, even if the woman wants to keep it.
And which intrauterine devices are better in terms of complications, the gynecologist will help decide.

The effectiveness of intrauterine contraceptives

Many types of IUDs pose such questions to a woman: how to avoid complications, and which intrauterine device is better? Reviews of doctors and patients speak in favor of copper- or silver-containing IUDs.

The addition of copper and silver made it possible to reduce the frequency of complications by 2-10 times. At the same time, the effectiveness of such IUDs is 93.8%. Inert coils have an efficiency of 91-93%. Currently, copper-containing coils are the most acceptable due to low interest complications and a high percentage of contraceptive activity.

The Mirena hormonal releasing system is the most effective contraceptive and is considered almost biological sterilization, since it has many actions aimed at preventing the fertilization of the egg, attaching it to the endometrium, increasing the viscosity of the mucus in the cervical canal to protect sperm from entering the uterus.

We examined the positive and negative effects that the intrauterine device has. Which is better to put? This issue should be resolved jointly with the gynecologist. At the same time, the price that the woman expects is determined, and the indications that the doctor reveals after the examination.

Types and features

Currently, there are about 50 variants of the IUD, which differ in shape, size and materials. Therefore, they are usually classified by generation:

1. The first is inert IUDs. The most popular were spirals made of polymeric materials in the form latin letter S. Today, due to side effects and low efficiency, this type is practically not used, and in some countries it is even banned.
2. The second generation - copper-containing products. The first representatives of this generation were produced with copper wire inserted into the structure. Their main disadvantage was the too rapid release of copper, due to which the coil had to be changed every 2–3 years. More modern IUDs come with an additional silver rod that slows down the release of copper and makes it last longer. The most popular of this series are the intrauterine device Nova T, Multiload Cu-250 and Cu-375, as well as Corre-T.
3. The third generation is spirals with hormones. The impetus for their creation was the desire to combine the advantages of the IUD and the contraceptive pill. Outwardly, they are a T-shaped structure, the leg of which is filled with the hormone levonorgestrel or progesterone. How does intrauterine hormonal spiral? Almost the same as hormonal pills. The device is designed in such a way that equal doses of the hormone enter the woman's body every day. The validity period of such products is 5 years, and the most popular of this generation are Mirena and Levonova.

The types of spirals are very diverse. Usually, women who think about using this means of protection have a natural question: hormonal or non-hormonal intrauterine device, which is better?

Only a gynecologist can solve this problem, after examining and receiving test results. Despite the fact that you can buy any IUD at a pharmacy and without a doctor's prescription, you should not make such a purchase on your own.

Advantages

Of course, the main advantage of modern intrauterine devices is that this tool is the most effective of all currently existing. However high percent reliability is not their only advantage. Their advantages include:

• Ease of use. The intrauterine device will work, depending on the type, from one year to five years, and you do not have to take daily pills or think about any other methods of contraception.
• Can be used immediately after childbirth and during breastfeeding.
• Easy reversibility of the method. After removing the spiral, the reproductive properties of the body are restored in just a few months.
• Even hormonal IUDs do not have such a strong effect on the female body as birth control pills, which means they have much fewer contraindications for use.
• Unlike a condom or a vaginal ring, they do not cause discomfort or reduce sensation.
• Given the long duration of action, even expensive products are more cost-effective to use than any other means to protect against pregnancy.

Flaws

Unfortunately, there are no ideal methods of contraception, and such a reliable method as the IUD has its drawbacks. The disadvantages of this method include:

• Increased risk of developing acute inflammatory diseases.
• Not a single contraceptive spiral protects against sexually transmitted diseases, so this method of protection is more suitable for established, permanent couples.
• In the first time after installation, menstruation, as a rule, is more painful and passes more abundantly and takes longer.
• Spontaneous loss of the spiral is possible, for example, during active sports or heavy lifting.

Perhaps the most serious disadvantage of using an IUD is an increased risk of ectopic pregnancy due to a violation of the contractile activity of the fallopian tubes and the uterus itself.

Application Rules

The intrauterine device does not apply to simple methods of protection against unplanned pregnancy. Its use will require you to comply with several important rules. And the question of whether such a method of contraception is suitable for you should be decided only by a gynecologist after examination and testing. The type of spiral that suits you is also selected by the doctor. Usually, experts advise using this particular type of contraception if:

• A woman has increased fertility and unwanted pregnancies happen all too often.
• There are diseases in which pregnancy is contraindicated.
• The woman or her partner has genetic pathologies in which it is also impossible to become pregnant.

How is the Navy installed?

You can install a spiral regardless of the phase menstrual cycle, but still doctors advise doing this from the fourth to the eighth day, if you count from the first day of menstruation. Before the procedure, smears are taken for microflora, general analysis blood and urine, an ultrasound examination is performed to exclude pregnancy and determine the size of the uterus.

The procedure itself is quite simple and painless, so it is performed on an outpatient basis and without anesthesia. However, in the first days after installation, you may be disturbed by discomfort in the lower abdomen, aching or cramping pains which normally resolve on their own.

A week later, a follow-up examination is mandatory, and during this week it is better for a woman to refrain from:

1. From intense physical activity.
2. Hot baths.
3. Taking laxatives.
4. Sex life.
5. taking an aspirin or medicines containing acetylsalicylic acid as it can cause bleeding.

After each menstruation, you will need to independently check the presence of threads from the spiral, and follow-up examinations, in the absence of complaints, will need to take place every six months.

How is the IUD removed?

It is not necessary to wait the entire duration of the spiral. If you wish, you can ask the gynecologist to remove it at any time. In the absence of complications, removal, as well as installation, is not particularly difficult and is performed on an outpatient basis. It is enough for the doctor to simply pull the antennae. However, despite the simplicity of the procedure, it is not worth doing it yourself at home.

In rare cases, for example, when the antennae of the spiral break or penetrate the uterine wall, it can be removed using a hysteroscope. This device is a tube with special channels for scissors or forceps. In this case, the procedure can be carried out in a hospital.

Before removing the spiral, the gynecologist also without fail appoints an ultrasound in order to clarify its location in the uterine cavity. During removal or immediately after it, pain and bleeding may occur.

Contraindications

The IUD protection method is not suitable for everyone, although it works well in most cases. As with any contraceptive, the intrauterine device has its own contraindications. Conventionally, they can be divided into absolute and relative, when the final decision is made by the doctor after the necessary tests.

The first group includes:

• Acute or often aggravated inflammatory diseases of the female sphere.
• Suspicions of malignant tumors cervix or uterus.
• Uterine bleeding, the cause of which is not clear.
• Suspicion of pregnancy.
• Pathological changes in the uterus that may interfere with the correct insertion or placement of the coil.
• Malformations of the cervix or the uterus itself.

The second group of contraindications include:

• Abundant, painful and prolonged, longer than six days, menstruation, or the presence of bleeding in the period between them.
• Endometriosis of the cervix and ovaries.
• Abnormal configuration of the uterus or too small.
• Myomatous nodes, strongly deforming the uterine cavity.
• Ectopic pregnancy in the past.
• Allergies to the components that make up the spiral, for example, to polymeric substances or to copper.
• Low hemoglobin levels, clotting disorders, or other blood disorders.

In some situations, with such relative contraindications as uterine fibroids, heavy and painful menstruation, or endometrial pathology, the appointment hormonal IUDs often, on the contrary, it is justified.

Side effects

Any intrauterine device is inherently a foreign body and even completely healthy body It takes time to come to terms with his presence. Therefore, the side effects discomfort usually occur in the first days after installation.

Most often it is:

1. Aching or cramping pain in the lower abdomen, which, according to statistics, occurs in about 5-10% of patients.
2. More abundant than usual menstrual bleeding, which occurs in 24% of cases. Rarely, such bleeding can lead to the development of iron deficiency anemia.
3. Increased risk of inflammatory diseases in about 0.5-4% of cases.
4. Spontaneous prolapse of the intrauterine device, which occurs in 6-15% of cases.

If you have appeared severe pain, unusual discharge, bleeding unrelated to menstruation and a fever, then you need to see a doctor as soon as possible.

Also, do not delay the visit in case of a delay in the next menstruation or if other signs of pregnancy appear, for example, morning sickness or pain and swelling of the mammary glands.

If you did not feel the threads of the spiral or, on the contrary, felt its plastic tip, then most likely the IUD has moved from its place and no longer performs its main function. In such a situation, you should also consult a doctor.

Intrauterine spirals are considered one of the most effective means modern contraception. Their reliability was recorded in 98% of cases. Modern industry produces various kinds these means of protection against unwanted pregnancy.

The intrauterine device can be of a diverse structure, level of rigidity, and the principle of operation. In each personal case, the doctor prescribes an individual form. Depending on the anatomical features of the patient, the studies performed.

In medical circles, there are discussions regarding the safety, reliability, justification for the use of this tool. The effectiveness of the use of this type of medication depends largely on both the health of the woman and the correctness of determining which IUD spiral is necessary for the patient.

Contraindications for the use of a spiral

Like any other contraceptive, this also has a number of contraindications. Namely:

1. Any type of neoplasm;
2. Inflammatory pathologies in the body;
3. Deviation from the norm in the development of the uterus and its cervix.

And these are just the main, most common reasons why an IUD intrauterine device cannot be prescribed. In addition, she is appointed only in situations where the girl has one permanent and reliable sexual partner. This feature is due to the fact that the methods of contraceptives for women spiral increase the chances of any type of infection of the uterine cavity.

In addition, doctors draw attention to the fact that there is a real risk when the contraceptive may spontaneously fall out. And not always, a woman can determine this on her own. In such situations, there are very high chances of becoming pregnant unintentionally.

But, at the same time, it should be noted that modern, improved models, for example, the Mirena type, have medicinal properties and even prescribed specifically for therapeutic purposes in a number of gynecological ailments. The photos found on the Internet on request will help you visually familiarize yourself with it - pictures of the intrauterine spiral.

Positive properties of the IUD

As for good points application of this method of protection, then among them:

1. Reliability;
2. Comfort of use;
3. Duration of effect (up to 5 years);
4. Application is shown even at breastfeeding;
5. Quick recovery period body after extraction.

However, despite all the pros and cons, to prescribe this remedy protection against pregnancy, only an experienced gynecologist can, after an individual examination and a series of tests.

What are the Navy?

This type of contraception is available various types. They are: ring-shaped, spiral, T-shaped. The last type is the most common. To understand what each model looks like separately, it is best to look at the IUD spiral intrauterine photo.

Their composition may include hormones, metal alloys, which, together with the main function of protection, can perform a healing function. Majority modern models, have a T-shaped appearance (see photo). They have an improved design. In addition, this type of contraceptive is characterized by ease of use.

What an intrauterine device looks like is understandable. But which type is preferable? The impeccable recommendations of many doctors received hormonal types, as well as models with copper content.

The first type of spiral is the most reliable. As for the copper types, their popularity is due to the ease of insertion and removal, as well as the ability to produce an anti-inflammatory effect.

Contraceptive candles Lady
Contraceptive candles Lady - chemical contraceptive drug, which is convenient and easy to use, and which practically does not...

It starts earlier than they are ready for motherhood, and for family life in general. Especially in modern women the planning of the child is postponed until the full realization of oneself in other areas of life.

Well, if a woman has already become a mother, and maybe more than once, then there are few who want to repeat this feat a dozen more times and give birth every year. That is why, since ancient times, people have adapted to not getting pregnant without desire. In order to deceive nature, unpretentious methods of contraception were invented (from the Latin word contraceptio - exception). Started with various essential oils, fruit juices, tampons, lotions, broken contact, cloth pouches (precursor to the condom) and so on.

As you can see, the spiral affects all the processes necessary for conception:

• vitality and speed of movement of spermatozoa;
• egg maturation and ovulation;
• attachment of the fetal egg to the endometrium.

Pros and cons of using intrauterine devices

Indications for the installation of an intrauterine device

• , especially if it is accompanied by profuse spotting and uterine bleeding;
• heavy painful periods;
• estrogen replacement therapy at the onset of menopause or after removal of the appendages, in order to prevent the growth of the endometrium.

Contraindications

Absolute contraindications to the use of all intrauterine devices

• The presence of pregnancy at any time, suspicion of a possible pregnancy;
• oncological pathologies of the genital organs, as well as the mammary gland;
• acute and chronic inflammatory diseases of the female genital organs: adnexitis, colpitis, endometritis, including postpartum, salpingitis and so on, including the presence of sexually transmitted diseases;
• a history of ectopic pregnancies;
• allergic reactions to the materials from which the spiral is made;
• reproductive system;

Relative contraindications to the use of non-hormonal coils

• if the woman has no children yet;
• a woman is sexually promiscuous and belongs to the risk group for contracting sexually transmitted diseases;
• childhood and adolescence*;
• the woman's age is over 65;
• uterine bleeding and heavy painful periods;
• anomalies in the development of the uterus (for example, a bicornuate uterus);
• hematological diseases (leukemia, thrombocytopenia and others);
• growths of the endometrium, endometriosis;
• urethritis, cystitis, - acute or exacerbation of a chronic course;
• benign tumors of the uterus and appendages (submucosal fibroids and uterine fibroids);
• prolapse of the intrauterine device or development side effects after the previous application of the spiral.

Relative contraindications to the use of hormonal intrauterine devices (systems):

• cervical dysplasia;
• anomalies in the development of the uterus;
• urethritis, cystitis, pyelonephritis - acute or exacerbation of a chronic course;
• fibromyoma of the uterus;
• liver disease, liver failure;
• heavy cardiovascular pathologies: malignant arterial hypertension, condition after or, severe heart defects;
• migraine;
• decompensated (uncontrolled);
• lower limbs;
• the woman's age is over 65 years.

When can I put a spiral after childbirth, caesarean section, abortion?

After a caesarean section, the spiral can be installed in the uterine cavity only after 3-6 months. It takes time for the postoperative scar to form.

After a medical termination of pregnancy (up to 12 weeks), it is better to install the IUD within seven days after the start of the next period after the abortion. But the gynecologist may offer to install the spiral immediately after the abortion, without getting up from the gynecological chair. This is possible, but in this case, the risk of developing side effects of the intrauterine device associated with the complications of the abortion itself increases significantly. After a miscarriage, the decision on the appropriateness and safety of installing a spiral is made only by a doctor, he individually assesses the situation, analyzes the cause of spontaneous abortion, weighs all the pros and cons. If it is necessary to use a spiral after a miscarriage, it is installed in the uterine cavity during the next menstruation.

Is an intrauterine device installed after the age of 40?

How is an intrauterine device installed?

Desirable examination before installing an intrauterine device:

• gynecological examination and palpation (palpation) of the mammary glands;
• smear from the vagina, if necessary, sowing on the microflora;
• cytological examination of smears from the cervix;
• Ultrasound of the pelvic organs;
• in some cases, a pregnancy test or blood test to determine the level of hCG;
• Ultrasound of the mammary glands (for women under the age of 40) or mammography (after 40 years).

Preparing for installation

Immediately before the procedure, it is necessary to empty the bladder.

On what day of menstruation is it better to install an intrauterine device?

An intrauterine device can be installed as emergency contraception, that is, if a woman has had unprotected intercourse and suggests an unwanted pregnancy. In this case, the device is introduced in the period after ovulation, this can prevent the attachment of the fetal egg in 75% of cases.

Intrauterine device insertion technique

In most cases local anesthesia not required. Cervical anesthetics can be used in nulliparous women and when placing hormonal intrauterine systems, as they are wider.

The insertion technique for different types of spirals may differ. The installation features of each spiral are described in detail in the device instructions.
1. A speculum is inserted into the vagina to fix the cervix.
2. The cervix is ​​treated with disinfectants.
3. Straightened with special pliers cervical canal(a canal in the cervix that connects the vagina to the uterus), the cervix opens.
4. A special probe is inserted through the cervical canal into the uterine cavity to accurately measure the length of the uterus.
5. If necessary, the cervix is ​​anesthetized (for example, with lidocaine or novocaine). The introduction of the spiral itself begins after 4-5 minutes, when the anesthetic takes effect.
6. The spiral is introduced using a special conductor with a piston. A ring is set on it on a scale according to the size of the uterus, this is necessary in order not to damage its walls. Then a conductor with a spiral is inserted into the uterus. Having reached the corresponding mark, the doctor pulls the piston a little towards himself in order to open the shoulders of the spiral. After that, the spiral is moved directly to the wall of the fundus of the uterus. When the gynecologist is satisfied that the device is installed correctly, the guidewire is slowly and gently pulled out. When installing some spirals (for example, annular ones), the opening of the shoulders is not required, so the spiral is inserted to the wall of the uterine fundus, and then the conductor is simply pulled out.
7. The threads of the spiral are cut into the vagina at a distance of 2-3 cm from the cervix.
8. The procedure is over, it usually takes 5-10 minutes.

Does installing an intrauterine device hurt?

After insertion of the intrauterine device

Ultrasound photo: Intrauterine device in the uterine cavity.

• The uterus completely gets used to the IUD within a few months, so during this period there may be some changes from the side women's health you need to listen to your body.
• In some cases, a course is required antibiotic therapy after the introduction of the spiral, for example, if chlamydia is suspected, in the presence of another chronic genitourinary system.
• Bloody spotting and pulling pains in the lower abdomen or in the back can be disturbing for 1 week after the introduction of the spiral. To relieve spasms, you can take No-shpu.
• The hygienic regime is normal, it is necessary to wash with means for intimate hygiene twice a day.
• You can have sex only 8-10 days after the installation of the intrauterine device.
• For several months, you can not lift weights, engage in intense physical activity, overheat (sauna, bath, hot baths).
• It is necessary to periodically probe the threads of the spiral, control their length, it should not change.
• After 2 weeks, it is better to visit a gynecologist so that he can see if everything is fine.
• Menstruation in the first months after the installation of the spiral can be painful and plentiful. Over time, menstruation normalizes.
• When using hormonal intrauterine systems, after six months or several years, the disappearance of menstruation (amenorrhea) is possible. After the first loss of the cycle, pregnancy must be excluded. The menstrual cycle will be restored immediately after the removal of the spiral.
• If you have any complaints, you should consult a doctor.
• In the future, an examination by a gynecologist is necessary every 6-12 months, as for any healthy woman.

Can an intrauterine device fall out?

How long is the use of an intrauterine device?

• Inert IUDs - usually installed for 2-3 years.
• Copper spirals - up to 5 years.
• Copper spirals with silver and gold - 7-10 years or more.
• Hormonal intrauterine systems - up to 5 years.

It is not recommended to use the IUD after the expiration date due to the risk of the spiral growing into the uterine tissue. Hormonal spirals lose their properties due to the depletion of the hormonal drug. This reduces the effectiveness of the intrauterine device, which can lead to an unplanned pregnancy.

Intrauterine devices (copper, hormonal): installation, principle of operation, efficiency (Pearl index), expiration date. How to check if the spiral is in place - video

Removal and replacement of the intrauterine device

• the period of use has expired, while the replacement of the intrauterine device is possible;
• a woman is planning a pregnancy;
• there were side effects from the use of an intrauterine device.

Coil removal often does not require anesthesia, local anesthesia will be required when removing or replacing hormonal coils. The doctor fixes the cervix with a gynecological speculum, and then, using a special tool (forceps), grabs the spiral threads and carefully pulls out the device, while gently stretching the cervix.

Usually this procedure goes without difficulty, the woman experiences less pain than with the introduction of a spiral. But there are situations when the spiral is not pulled out so easily, then the doctor expands the cervical canal and facilitates the removal of the IUD. You can also face the problem of thread breakage, then the doctor inserts a special hook through the cervix, with which he removes the foreign body from the uterine cavity.

But there are situations when the doctor simply does not detect the thread of the spiral. The question arises, is there a spiral in the uterus at all? If yes, where is she? For this, a woman is offered to do an ultrasound of the pelvic organs, if necessary, x-rays. Sometimes there are cases that the spiral is outside the uterine cavity (with perforation of its wall), then a laparoscopic operation is urgently needed to extract foreign body.

Coil replacement intrauterine contraception can be carried out immediately after the removal of the old spiral, the risk of developing any complications does not increase.

Special instructions before removing and replacing the intrauterine device:

• timely replacement of the IUD facilitates the procedure and guarantees continuous contraceptive action;
• the procedure is best done during menstruation;
• removing the coil during or before ovulation increases the risk of pregnancy;
• before changing the coil, other methods of contraception (condom, oral contraceptives or spermatocidal preparations) must be used 7 days in advance to prevent an unwanted pregnancy.

Possible side effects

Possible side effects and complications when using an intrauterine device

• "Nulliparous cervix";
• irritation of the autonomic nervous system;
• increased emotionality of a woman;
• the size of the intrauterine device does not match the size of the uterus.

Additional side effects from the use of a hormonal intrauterine system (associated with the hormone progestogen):

• absence of menstruation (amenorrhea), after the removal of the spiral, the menstrual cycle is restored;
• functional ovarian cysts benign formations), would need hormone therapy estrogen hormones;

Also, an allergic reaction may develop on the introduction of a progestogen, requiring urgent removal of the spiral from the uterus.

Intrauterine device (IUD): composition, action, indications, possible negative consequences from the use - video

Intrauterine device (IUD): mechanism of action, dangerous complications (therapist's opinion) - video

How can a pregnancy proceed with an intrauterine device?


As it has already become clear, intrauterine contraceptives do not protect 100% from pregnancy. Most of these "lucky women" have a normal pregnancy, the child can independently push the spiral out in the second trimester and even be born with it in their hands, for some children it is such a toy. But not everything is always so smooth, and if a woman decides to keep such a pregnancy, she should be ready for various problems.

Basic principles of pregnancy management with a spiral:

1. Difficulties arise from pregnancy, a woman is confident in her contraception. And menstrual irregularities with IUDs are not uncommon, which leads to the fact that pregnancy can be diagnosed late, when abortion is already difficult. Therefore, it is very important to listen to your body and, with the slightest deviations, changes and hints of pregnancy, consult a doctor.
2. At the request of the woman, a medical abortion can be performed.
3. The spiral is not an indication for medical termination of pregnancy. The choice is up to the woman, because in most cases, pregnancy with a spiral proceeds normally and without complications. But still, the doctor must evaluate the possible risks of pregnancy and may recommend terminating it.
4. The IUD may be removed during pregnancy. The copper coil is often not removed as it does not affect fetal development. The hormonal spiral throughout pregnancy will release hormones that can lead to abnormalities in the development of the fetus. The gynecologist can remove the coil if its threads are preserved and it is removed from the uterus easily and without hindrance.
5. Such a pregnancy requires constant monitoring by doctors, regular monitoring of the ultrasound of the fetus is necessary.

Possible risks of pregnancy with an intrauterine device:

• High risk of ectopic pregnancy, ultrasound monitoring is necessary.
• Such a pregnancy can end in an early miscarriage, which is associated with the effect of the spiral on the endometrium, to which it is attached fertilized egg.
• The IUD can cause intrauterine infection of the fetus, as well as intrauterine growth retardation and fading of pregnancy.
• High risk of fetal malformations during pregnancy with a hormonal spiral.
Be that as it may, if a woman nevertheless became pregnant with such a powerful contraceptive as a spiral, then, probably, the child really needs to be born. Every woman can listen to herself and decide whether to give this baby a chance to live or not.

How to choose a good intrauterine device? Which spiral is best?

Your gynecologist should deal with the selection of the type of spiral, its size and manufacturer. Only he can determine the indications and contraindications for the use of a particular intrauterine contraceptive, the individual characteristics of your body. But if the woman is absolutely healthy, then the doctor can provide an IUD to choose from. Then many questions arise.

"Which spiral to choose, copper or hormonal?" Here a woman needs to choose between efficiency and possible adverse reactions. The hormonal coil has more possible side effects associated with the progestogen, but they are temporary and stop after a few months. BUT contraceptive effect from the use of such a spiral is much higher. If a woman has fibroids, then the hormonal spiral is a method not only of contraception, but also of treatment. A copper coil with silver and, especially, gold has a higher efficiency than a conventional copper device, and the risk of side effects is lower, this is such a middle ground between a hormonal and a copper coil.

"And how much does an intrauterine device cost?" For many women, the issue of economy is great importance and determines the choice of helix. Copper coils are much cheaper than hormonal systems. Also high cost have spirals with silver and gold.

"Which spiral is used longer?" The longest you can use spirals with silver and gold, up to 7-10 years or more. Hormonal spirals are usually used for no more than 5 years.

"Which spiral will not affect the next pregnancy?" Any spiral can lead to problems with future pregnancies, this is an ectopic pregnancy, and infertility due to the inflammatory process. The risk of developing an ectopic pregnancy during the use of the IUD is higher with hormonal coils due to the action of the progestogen. Copper spirals give a greater risk of complications in the form of inflammation of the uterus and appendages. When removing the IUD, ectopic pregnancy often occurs after the use of copper coils.

"Which spiral is painless?" During the installation and removal of the spiral, the woman experiences some pain. But this should not fundamentally affect the choice of the IUD. With the introduction of the hormonal system, these painful sensations are more pronounced, which is why they use local anesthesia. Local anesthesia can be carried out with the introduction of a copper spiral in women who are especially impressionable and emotional.

Overview of various modern intrauterine devices: Juno, Mirena, Goldlily, Multiload, Vector extra, spirals with gold and silver

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Family planning and the ability to choose the time of the birth of a child have become available thanks to a huge number of contraceptives high efficiency. What is a spiral, how does it work, what are its pros and cons, every woman who cares about herself and the health of her children in the future should know.

What is a spiral, what is its algorithm of action

Before making responsible decisions, it is worth understanding what such a method of protection is and how it works. Learn about other methods of contraception in the article.

An intrauterine device is a contraceptive that is inserted into the uterine cavity to prevent an unplanned pregnancy. The name “spiral” is not entirely correct, it has been preserved as well-established, because earlier such means looked exactly like this, the modern IUD looks like a T-shaped stick made of flexible inert plastic.

According to the principle of operation, the spirals are divided into:
copper-containing - a thin copper wire is fixed on the upper part;
hormone-containing - contain a container with a substance that enters the uterus during the period of operation.

The principle of operation of various types of intrauterine devices

Immediately after the introduction, the spiral begins to work in several directions.

Her actions are as follows:
1. Changes in the endometrium and the inability to implant a fertilized egg into the walls of the uterus. What is essentially a micro-abortion, so the moral aspect often does not allow women to use this type of contraception.
2. Progesterone-containing coils affect spermatozoa, reduce their motor activity and interfere with movement in the cervical region.
3. Strengthen the peristalsis of the pipes. This increases the rate of passage of the egg and ensures that it enters the uterine cavity without fertilization.
4. Copper-containing coils reduce the activity of spermatozoa and prevent the implantation of the fetal egg.

Rules for installing and removing a spiral

Do not attempt to install or remove the coil yourself! This can lead to serious complications and the inability to have children in the future.

After deciding on this type of contraception, you need to consult a doctor and ask about all your questions. Let the doctor talk again in detail about how this method works and warn of potential complications.

Next, you should choose the type of spiral and pass some tests:
smear from the cervix and vagina;
colposcopy;
blood test for HIV, RW and Australian antigen (Hepatitis C);
UAC and OAM;
analysis for latent sexual infections;
ultrasound.

If the woman is completely healthy and contraindications are excluded, you can proceed with the installation of the spiral. This procedure is done on an outpatient basis, in 10-15 minutes in the gynecologist's office on the 6-8th day of the cycle. Within a few days, you may feel discomfort in the lower abdomen.

To remove the coil, you should also go to the hospital. There is no need to take tests and pass additional examinations. During usual reception the doctor will apply an anesthetic gel to the cervical area and remove the coil.

Positive and negative sides of the intrauterine device

Like any means of family planning, the intrauterine device has advantages and disadvantages, they must be taken into account when making an important decision.

Advantages of the spiral

Easy to use. After installation, a woman can forget about her existence and no longer worry about contraception.
Long term installation. From 3 to 5 years, depending on the type of spiral.
Efficiency 95-98%.
Use during breastfeeding, which is a significant factor when choosing contraception for young mothers. Hormones in the spiral act only in the area of ​​the uterus and ovaries, without getting into the milk.
Possesses therapeutic effect with certain gynecological diseases (uterine fibroids).
Relieves pain and reduces the duration of menstruation.
Does not have a prolonged effect on the female body. You can plan a child already 2 cycles after its removal

Disadvantages of the intrauterine device

Minor pain during the procedure.
Complications in unplanned pregnancy. If pregnancy occurs, then the risk of its development in the tube increases significantly - an ectopic pregnancy.
Increased risk of inflammatory diseases. It occurs due to the fact that after the installation of the helix, the cervix remains slightly ajar.
Lack of protection against STDs.

Strict contraindications for the introduction of an intrauterine device

After evaluating the pros and cons, it is worth noting the strict contraindications under which the use of this method is prohibited.

1. Women who have not given birth are not recommended to install a spiral. They still have a dense cervix and you can injure it. In this case, there are problems with bearing a pregnancy.
2. Non-permanent sexual partner.
3. Inflammatory diseases of the genital organs.
4. Dysplasia and erosion of the cervix. Learn about erosion in the article
5. Tumor and pre-tumor processes.
6. Injuries and stitches on the neck during childbirth.
7. Ectopic pregnancy in history.
8. Various diseases blood.

Possible Complications

When using this method, some rather serious complications:
1. The most severe and life-threatening complication is considered to be perforation of the walls of the uterus. Such a condition that can occur during the installation or removal of the spiral by an inexperienced specialist, which is fraught with the removal of the uterus.
2. Rupture of the cervix. A rare complication that can occur if the doctor missed her condition.
3. Bleeding. Possible immediately or within a few days after installation.
4. Increased risk of pelvic inflammatory disease and bacterial infection. It occurs due to the fact that after the installation of the spiral, the cervix remains slightly ajar and bacteria from the vaginal area have access to the uterine cavity.
5. Ingrown spiral into the uterus. Enough dangerous complication, which a woman will not know about until she decides to remove the spiral. When determining this condition, it will be necessary to remove the foreign body by cleaning the uterus under general anesthesia.
6. Increased risk of ectopic pregnancy.
7. Irritation of the walls of the cervix with the antennae of the spiral. This condition occurs due to the increased individual sensitivity of a woman.
8. Spiral fall out. Probably due to improper installation or the wrong size.
9. Pain in the lower abdomen.

What to do when pregnancy occurs?

Only tubal ligation provides complete and peremptory protection against pregnancy, so the risk of it, of course, is possible. This situation is described in the topic

It is likely that in such a case the pregnancy will be ectopic and will have to face all the consequences of the treatment of this condition. The topic will tell in detail about this state. The actions of a specialist in such a situation directly depend on the time the problem was discovered. But, with a probability of 80%, there will be a removal of a section of the pipe, in more complex cases, the pipe will have to be completely amputated.

If, after fertilization, the egg is correctly located in the endometrial layer, the pregnancy can be saved. For its normal development, the intrauterine device is recommended to be removed. Most often, such a procedure takes place without irreversible consequences, but, of course, there is a risk of miscarriage during the procedure.

Such a contraceptive cannot harm a child, because. will be pushed to the wall by growing fetal membranes and will spontaneously come out during childbirth. But big risk bears the fact of a small opening of the cervix during the period of bearing the baby. Firstly, the risk of infection and inflammation of the amnion increases many times over, which can lead to miscarriage, premature birth and intrauterine death of the child. Secondly, the risk of premature disclosure increases with the same consequences for mother and baby.

If during examination the cervix is ​​closed and the doctor cannot detect the antennae, this position may indicate that it has completely entered the uterine cavity or grown into the cervix. In this case, the contraceptive should be left in place and give the pregnancy a chance for independent full development. This condition increases the risk of miscarriage in the first trimester to 50%, and then the course of pregnancy no longer differs from normal.

Before choosing a method of contraception, you should find out what a spiral is and how this method of protection works. This method might be perfect for you!

What are the pros and cons of using an intrauterine device and who is suitable for the IUD, read the article.

The intrauterine device is an intrauterine contraceptive, a miniature T-shaped device made of plastic and copper, which prevents the fertilized egg from attaching to the uterine wall, slows down the progress of spermatozoa into the uterine cavity and reduces the life of the egg. Reviews prove that this is one of the most reliable.

The IUD releases the hormone progestogen into the uterus. This delays the development of the uterine mucosa, where the fertilized egg is introduced. Progestogen also thins the uterine lining, which prevents a fertilized egg from attaching to it. Some women may stop ovulating after the placement of a hormonal coil.

The IUD works for 5 years, or for 3 years, depending on the type. So you don't have to think about contraception every day or every time you have sex. The use of the IUD does not depend on whether you have children or not.

Intrauterine device: pros and cons

• The effectiveness of the intrauterine device is more than 99%. Pregnancy occurred in less than 1 case in 100 when using the Mirena IUD for 5 years. The Jaydess brand has similar statistics (the spiral is valid for 3 years).
• You can remove the spiral at any time with the help of a doctor, and fertility will quickly return to normal.

An IUD can make or stop menstruation, so it may help women whose periods are consistently painful.

Jaydess is less likely to stop menstruation than Mirena.

• The hormonal coil can be used by women who are not suitable for oral contraceptives due to migraines, for example.
• Some women may experience mood swings, skin problems, or breast tenderness after having a coil inserted.
• It should also be remembered that there is a small risk of infection during the installation of the spiral.
• The process of inserting the coil can be uncomfortable, but painkillers can make it easier.

• The IUD does not protect against sexually transmitted infections (STIs). To protect yourself from STIs, you should use condoms.

How does an intrauterine device work

The hormonal IUD releases the hormone progestogen, which is similar to the natural hormone progesterone produced in a woman's ovaries.

Progestogen delays the development of the lining of the uterus, which prevents the passage of the sperm and its reaching the egg. It also thins the lining of the uterus, which prevents a fertilized egg from attaching to it.

The coil may also stop ovulation in some women, but in most cases, ovulation will continue as before.

Intrauterine spiral: how to put

The coil can be inserted at any time of the monthly menstrual cycle, as long as you are definitely not pregnant. Ideally, it should be installed within seven days of the start of your period because it will immediately protect you from pregnancy.

You will need to use condoms for the first seven days if an IUD is inserted at any other time of your cycle.

Before the coil is placed, you will have a complete examination to determine the size and position of the uterus. You may also be tested for existing infections, such as STIs. It is best to do this before an IUD is inserted so that infections can be treated. You may also be offered antibiotics during an IUD insertion.

The whole installation process takes about 15-20 minutes:

• the vagina is held open, as during a cervical smear
• The IUD is inserted through the cervix and into the uterine cavity

The adjustment process can be uncomfortable or painful for some women, and can be marked by cramps afterwards.

You may be asked to use a local anesthetic or pain medication prior to insertion. Discuss this with your healthcare provider ahead of time. The anesthetic injection itself can be more painful, which is why many women go through the procedure without it. Once the IUD is in place, you will need to check with your doctor 3-6 weeks later to make sure everything is okay.

Be sure to tell your doctor if you or your partner have been exposed to an STI, as this can lead to a pelvic infection.

Seek medical attention in such cases if, after insertion of an IUD,

• pain in the lower abdomen
• heat
• profuse discharge with an unpleasant odor

This may mean that there is an infection in the body.

How to determine if the spiral is in place

The IUD has two thin threads that hang down from the top of the vagina. The doctor who inserts the IUD will teach you how to feel for these threads and check if the coil is in place.

Check your IUD several times during the first month and then after each period at regular intervals. It is highly unlikely that the coil will come out, but if you don't feel for the threads or if you feel like the IUD has moved, you are not protected from pregnancy.

In this case, contact your doctor immediately and use additional funds contraception, such as condoms, until your IUD has been checked. If you have had sexual intercourse in recent times may need to resort to funds.

Your partner should not feel your coil during sex. If he feels the threads, see a doctor to check the position of the helix .

Doctors will also be able to shorten the threads a little. If you experience pain during intercourse, see your doctor immediately.

Removal of the intrauterine device

The spiral can be removed at any time. If you do not intend to have the IUD re-inserted, but do not plan to become pregnant, you will need to use another method of contraception (such as condoms) for seven days before the IUD is removed.

Sperm can stay in a woman's body for up to seven days and can fertilize an egg after the IUD is removed. As soon as the coil is removed from the body, your fertility returns.

If the coil is in a woman who is over 45 years old, the IUD can be left until the onset of menopause or until the period when contraception is no longer needed.

Intrauterine device: when and to whom you can put

Most women can use an IUD, including women who have never been pregnant and women who are HIV positive. Your doctor will know your medical history to check if the hormonal coil is suitable for you as a contraceptive.

Intrauterine device: contraindications

• breast cancer, or have had the disease within the past five years
• cervical cancer
• liver disease
• unexplained vaginal bleeding between periods or after intercourse
• arterial disease or a history of serious heart disease or stroke
• untreated STI or pelvic infection
• problems with the uterus or cervix

Intrauterine device after childbirth

The coil can be inserted as early as 4-6 weeks after childbirth (vaginal delivery and C-section). From 21 days after giving birth, that is, three weeks later, you will need to use alternative means contraception until the coil is inserted. In some cases, an IUD may be inserted within 48 hours of delivery. It is safe for breastfeeding and does not affect the volume and flow of milk.

Intrauterine device after miscarriage or abortion

An IUD can be inserted by a doctor immediately after an abortion or miscarriage, if the gestational age has not exceeded 24 weeks. If you have been pregnant for more than 24 weeks, you may have to wait a few weeks before the coil is inserted.

Despite the fact that today gynecologists can offer women many methods of contraception, the IUD (spiral) remains a fairly popular tool, especially if a lady does not want to bother herself with daily pills or constant spending on condoms. Let's try to figure out what are the advantages and disadvantages of this tool?

What is an IUD (spiral)?

IUD is an intrauterine device, which, accordingly, is installed inside the uterus. This device is made of various materials, but most often women are offered to insert a spiral made of plastic and copper. The main purpose of the spiral is to perform the function of a contraceptive, which is established for a long time and has almost 99% efficiency.

It is better when children become a planned joy, so even for married women, the issue of protection always remains relevant. The IUD spiral in this case seems to them a very convenient way, since sexual life they are active, but at the same time they are burdened with other concerns: so such methods of contraception as taking pills, calculating “safe” days, requiring strict discipline, do not suit them. At the same time, the IUD does not hit the family budget like condoms or gels, it is set for a period of 3 years and can be removed at any time if the hostess so wishes. If there were no complications while wearing the spiral, then the reproductive function of the uterus is restored in about 3 months.

This "pleasure" will cost about 30 dollars. It all depends on the material and the clinic that the woman prefers. However, not every patient can install this device in the uterus, since such a contraceptive has a lot of contraindications. Need to consult with an experienced doctor, who will not only be able to figure out whether his patient needs a spiral, but also correctly install the device in the uterus.

The action of intrauterine devices

The IUD coil is a contraceptive that actually acts as an abortifacient.

The fact is that the IUD does not prevent the entry of spermatozoa into the uterine cavity. Although the creators of the spirals claim that it prevents the advancement of male germ cells, this is not always the case. The main purpose of the spiral is to prevent the fixation of an already fertilized egg in the organ cavity.

A similar effect of the IUD spiral is due to the fact that when introduced into the uterus, it causes inflammation of the epithelium. If the surface layer of the uterus is inflamed, then the fertilized egg cannot be enriched necessary qualities and attach to the wall of the uterus. As a result, the fertilized egg is forced to leave the uterine cavity along with menstruation.

If you call a spade a spade, then the spiral constantly provokes miscarriages. That is why it cannot be guaranteed that after the removal of the spiral, a woman will be 100% able to become pregnant. Doctors do not hide the fact that a negative outcome of pregnancy is a habit, and for some ladies, the recovery period takes from six to twelve cycles. But under unfavorable circumstances, attempts to get pregnant can drag on for many years. Therefore, gynecologists recommend putting a spiral on patients who have already fulfilled their maternal duty and no longer plan to have children.

History of the creation of the Navy

The Navy spiral celebrated its 100th anniversary back in 2009, since in 1909 the scientist Richter first mentioned it in his writings. Even then, the issues of contraception were very acute: the change of morals, the sexual revolution, the demarche of feminism. Relations between the opposite sex became freer, women began to be interested in many more things besides their family, as a result - having seven or more children, even if the lady was legally married, was inconvenient.

Gynecologists took up the development various methods contraception and, as an option, an intrauterine device was born. True, in those days, not a spiral was introduced into the uterine cavity, but a ring, tied in the center with many silk threads. In the 30s. The Richetra ring was improved by the scientist Grefenberg, who strengthened both the frame of the ring and the threads themselves with alloys of zinc and copper.

The "boom" on the spiral began a little later - in the 60s. They also practiced their installation in the Soviet Union. There was even such a kind of spiral in the form of the letter S, which was later abandoned due to the many inconveniences associated with the introduction, as well as wearing such a product.

The contraceptive properties of copper became known only in the 70s. It was then that the first models of copper spirals appeared, which are still used today. A little later, silver was also added to copper, designed to increase the antisperm effect.

Types of IUD spirals

Who would have thought, but today there are about 100 varieties of IUDs. Types of IUD spirals differ not only in the material from which they are made, but also in size, rigidity, and shape.

We will not consider all varieties. Let's take a look at the most popular ones.

IUD spiral with hormonal content has the shape of the letter "T". It has flexible shoulders and is also equipped with an extraction ring. A special container is placed in the spiral rod, which contains a hormonal medicine. Every day, this medicine is released into the uterine cavity in a volume of 24 mcg and creates an additional protective barrier against spermatozoa. Set for 5 years. average price: seven thousand rubles.

The next common type of IUD is the silver helix. Reviews of women who have experienced the effect of silver spirals vary greatly among themselves. Doctors also advise silver spirals, claiming that they relieve inflammation. The usual copper spiral does not have such properties, and besides, it quickly loses its contraceptive properties.

There is also a “Multiload” spiral, which has the shape of a semi-oval and, due to the protrusions, is well attached to the walls of the uterus. Such a spiral will never spontaneously fall out.

IUD spiral "Vector" - a fairly common product in pharmacies and clinics. "Vector-extra" is a company that produces spirals of any shape from any material. Most often, gynecologists advise the product of this manufacturer.

Indications for use

A gynecologist, before installing a spiral, must make sure that a woman does not have inflammatory diseases of the pelvic organs. A foreign body introduced into the uterus will only aggravate the course of the disease. Therefore, the first indication for the use of the spiral should be good health, especially in gynecology.

The spiral becomes the only way out if the patient has a constant intimate relationship with a partner and at the same time suffers from an allergy to condoms. You can, of course, replace condoms with oral contraceptives, but this is not without contraindications. Sometimes the IUD is the last option that is more or less suitable for a single woman.

The lady who is installing the spiral should understand that this device does not protect against sexually transmitted diseases, so it is worth limiting yourself to one proven partner.

The IUD does not take root well in nulliparous women. Most likely, the doctor will not dare to install a spiral for such a patient. But those ladies who have already given birth and no longer plan to have children may well give preference to the IUD and not worry about the consequences associated with the abortive effect of the contraceptive.

Contraindications

Any diseases in the gynecological part are very significant contraindications to the installation of the spiral. Considering that the IUD additionally irritates the uterine mucosa, one should not hope that the introduction of a foreign body into it will pass without a trace.

Irregular shape of the uterus or other pathologies female organs call into question the effectiveness of the use of the spiral, and if a woman suffers from uterine bleeding of an unknown nature, then it is better to forget about the spiral forever.

There are also situations when the patient had some kind of venereal disease, but she successfully cured it. Before installing the spiral, you need to pause for 12 months to make sure that no relapse is expected.

There are also relative contraindications, to which in some cases you can turn a blind eye. Such contraindications include ectopic pregnancy, which the patient had in the past, inflammatory diseases in terms of gynecology associated with recent childbirth.

Who would have thought, but a contraindication to the installation of the IUD is heart disease and diabetes. And in general, any diseases that have a bad effect on immunity become an occasion to think about, because after the introduction of the spiral, a woman becomes vulnerable to sexually transmitted diseases.

An incorrectly inserted spiral can provoke uterine bleeding. So that the matter does not end tragically, it is necessary to make sure that the patient who insists on the introduction of a spiral has no problems with blood clotting.

Doctors openly say that the IUD is not the most in the best way affects the nature of menstruation. If a woman already suffers from painful periods, then the spiral is unlikely to make her feel better - on the contrary, it will only aggravate.

Preparing for the installation procedure

Even if a woman does not complain about her health, the attending physician should still play it safe and conduct whole complex research, so as not to harm the health of the patient.

Of course, the first thing to do is to collect an anamnesis from the words of the woman herself: the doctor asks her about her well-being and state of health. Then you need to submit standard analyzes blood and urine, but it is also advisable to check your blood for sugar and clotting.

You can not do without an external examination of the genital organs and taking a smear. If the patient has infectious and inflammatory diseases of the pelvic organs, then the installation of the spiral should be forgotten. By at least until the woman is completely cured.

You will also need an ultrasound of the uterus to assess its size, shape and general condition. Only after all these procedures can you finally decide what kind of spiral this or that woman will need.

Installation procedure

The Navy is installed only in medical office. It is advisable not to rush into the choice of a specialist who will install the spiral, and look for a professional person with great experience work. Sometimes an incorrectly inserted coil into the uterus ends in pregnancy, internal bleeding or just extreme discomfort. So this issue needs to be approached as seriously as possible.

Does it hurt to insert an IUD coil? Everything again depends on the doctor who will do this, and on the woman's pain threshold. Particularly sensitive natures may feel discomfort, sometimes they may even faint, but most women tolerate the introduction of the spiral painlessly.

The procedure itself takes no more than two minutes. An IUD is inserted on a gynecological chair using special disposable devices that are sold complete with a spiral.

by the most favorable time for the procedure is the end of menstruation, that is, 5-7 days after their start. During this period, the cervical canal is sufficiently open to perform the installation of the spiral as painlessly as possible.

Before the introduction of the IUD, the cervix is ​​​​treated with an antiseptic. Then the doctor visually assesses the depth and direction of the uterine canal and proceeds to insert the IUD. After the procedure, the threads of the spiral are cut off a little, leaving only small antennae - they will be needed when the IUD needs to be removed.

Side effects

What IUD spiral side effects can provoke? Unfortunately, this list is long and often scares women who plan to install a spiral.

Firstly, it is important to monitor your feelings for 3 months after the installation procedure: the spiral may fall out and this should definitely be noticed until it provokes damage to the uterine canal. If you get the fallen spiral in time, it will not cause harm.

What else should you expect if an IUD coil has been installed? Side effects in the form of painful and heavy periods in the first eight months - this is a common occurrence. But uterine bleeding can occur not only during menstruation, but also in the intervals between them. You should not wait a long time for the denouement of events; with such symptoms, you should immediately consult a doctor.

Indications for the removal of the spiral are also itching in the vagina, burning, soreness of intercourse, pain that suddenly occurs in the lower abdomen and in the lower back. All of these symptoms may be accompanied by chills, fever, and feeling unwell.

The installation of the spiral must be abandoned even at the stage of introduction, if difficulties arise and the process is too painful.

The most dangerous thing that can happen when an IUD is inserted or removed is a uterine puncture. It is difficult not to notice the puncture, so the patient receives immediate emergency assistance.

In addition, the spiral often causes the formation of fibroids, and in rare cases, perforation of the uterus.

Do IUD coils get fat? A spiral made of gold or copper does not affect a woman's weight in any way. However, if a hormonal spiral is installed, then everything can be.

Navy spiral: reviews

Spiral manufacturers claim that it is almost impossible to get pregnant with her, but the reviews on the forums say otherwise. A big shock for one girl was when, after installing the Vector spiral, she suddenly found herself pregnant, and even for a period of 5 weeks. The embryo grew to a certain size and, displaced by the spiral, left the uterus. But a miscarriage in the fifth week does not go completely without a trace. The girl was “cleaned”, then transferred to hormonal drugs and for 2 years she was forbidden to become pregnant. And this is not an isolated case.

Common complaints are problems with menstruation: in some patients they become too plentiful, and in some they disappear altogether. Feelings of discomfort in the lower abdomen are also not uncommon.

There were cases when, due to the installation of spirals, additional diseases of the female organs developed, fibroids formed, and the appendages became inflamed. There are also complaints that discomfort is felt during intercourse if the partner goes too "deep", but these are isolated cases. Also rare, but do occur, uterine bleeding.

So it turns out that among themselves women are constantly discussing the IUD coil, looking at photos on the Internet and for a long time do not dare to put this device on themselves, because in fact, patients for whom wearing the coil went without a trace can be counted on the fingers. Good feedback, undoubtedly, there are, but there are too few of them against the background of a general chorus of claims and disappointment.

Navy spiral: which is better?

In any case, a woman cannot independently decide which spiral is needed. As mentioned above, it is necessary to undergo a series of examinations to make sure that the installation of the IUD will be appropriate at all.

Suppose that the tests turned out to be favorable, the woman had already given birth at least once, and the gynecologist agreed to put a spiral on her. As a rule, doctors offer several options for spirals so that the patient can choose the one that is convenient for her. For example, install a copper or silver navy coil? How to choose?

A copper spiral will cost less, but its duration effective work limited because copper corrodes quickly. The silver spiral will cost more, but it will last longer and, according to manufacturers, will help reduce inflammation in the uterus. The golden spiral differs little from the silver one in terms of therapeutic and contraceptive properties, but it is one of the most expensive IUDs due to the high cost of the noble metal.

If you ask what form the IUD spiral is, the photos will show that in addition to the T-shaped form, they produce spirals and semi-oval, and with spikes, etc. The T-shaped form is more organic for the organ, but if there is a bend in the uterus or what -or others physiological features, then this issue is solved in tandem with the doctor.

Thus, the IUD is a contraceptive that raises many questions and concerns, but in some cases, when pregnancy is no longer planned, when it is difficult to find an alternative, the spiral turns into a lifesaver. In such a combination of circumstances, one can take a risk and, if the IUD does not take root, at any time it can be removed.