The gastric sphincter is open. Drug treatment of insufficiency of the cardia of the stomach. Symptoms of pathology when the stomach valve does not close

So many people, when faced with shortness of breath and an annoying choking cough, tie similar symptoms with rhinitis, SARS or asthma attacks.

Only not always such signs indicate that a person has suffered precisely from these pathologies.

Sometimes, symptoms indicate the presence of gastroesophageal reflux disease.

A clear manifestation of the fact that the sphincter of the esophagus does not perform the functions assigned to it will be the presence of frequent burping, attacks of nausea, burning in the pharynx, impaired swallowing.

A number of symptoms of the pathology are supplemented with burning pain sensations, discomfort in the region of the lower third sternum or the lining.

The difficulty is that it is not always possible to differentiate an ailment from a cardiovascular disease.

Some numbers

In Europe, more than 40 percent of the population suffers from esophageal valve disorders. The incidence of pathology in Asian countries is also growing every year.

In recent years, more and more cases of turning to the doctor with complaints of frequent belching and pain have been recorded in our country.

But not all patients dare to come to the hospital. This is fraught with serious complications.

Only those who are no longer able to endure the burning pain turn to the doctor.

But few people understand that a chronic malfunction of the esophageal sphincter leads to the fact that the organ narrows, becomes covered with ulcers, and also experiences tissue degeneration into cancer cells.

Not timely treatment pathology makes a person experience discomfort in the form of heartburn, belching, which interferes with sleep at night, spasms, and inflammation in the organ. All of this has a significant impact on the quality of human life.

The risk group includes 6 categories of the population:

Obese people. It is most often those who overeat fatty meals.
People who suffer from overwork due to their work, as well as facing stress on a regular basis.
People who are addicted to alcohol and tobacco.
Middle-aged and old people.
Those who abuse food at night.
Forced to take a variety of medications on an ongoing basis.

trigger mechanism

Before talking about how to strengthen the esophageal sphincter, it is worth noting the main mechanism for the development of pathology.

If the lower esophageal sphincter stops closing, then the diagnosis is gastroesophageal reflux disease.

It turns out that the motor activity of the food tube and stomach is disturbed. This is due to the fact that the sphincter itself is located between the esophagus and the stomach.

It is made up of circular muscle fibers. If healthy person the valve of the esophagus closes tightly enough, preventing the acid from the stomach from penetrating again into the esophageal tube, then in the event of its failure, the contents can quickly be evacuated back.

The valve between the organs weakens, its tone becomes less.

As a result, the stomach juice is in the esophageal tube, and he, in turn, provokes inflammatory process mucous membrane of the organ. Below will be discussed how to strengthen the esophageal sphincter.

Methods

For these purposes, it is customary to use surgery and physiotherapy. There are other ways, but official medicine does not welcome their distribution.

Speaking of alternative ways it can be noted that exercises to strengthen the sphincter of the esophagus were able to prove themselves from the best side.

Therapeutic gymnastics allows you to eliminate the problem when the valve no longer closes. It is about respiratory procedures that will be discussed below.

Respiratory complexes

Non-traditional methods esophageal sphincter treatments are that they do not have direct access to muscular system digestive organs.

In turn, the esophagus is located in the inner part chest. The impact on him is not very simple.

You can simplify the achievement of the desired effect if you use special respiratory complexes.

To begin with, it is worth noting that there are special rules for conducting exercises. You only need to do them on an empty stomach.

All breathing exercises are not performed on a full stomach. Otherwise, the lower esophageal sphincter weakens, it does not close, and therefore the situation can become even more complicated.

You can control the body if you use the lungs. Therefore, you need to make simple movements, alternately inhaling and exhaling.

The peculiarity of the complex lies also in the fact that the patient should breathe not with the sternum, but with the abdominal cavity.

Those. the chest will remain in place, and the abdominals are involved in the process. Not everyone gets it right the first time this technique, but with practice it is quite possible to comprehend this skill.

We'll have to try, since the sphincter between the stomach and esophagus cannot be stimulated otherwise, but you need to increase its tone.

With each training, other systems of the patient's body will be connected to the process. These are the digestive, respiratory, cardiovascular systems.

As for the speed of breathing, you need to change it constantly. Then do everything quickly, then slow down again, switch to slow breathing and accelerate sharply.

When there is a very weakened valve between the stomach and the esophagus, the exercises may not bring the desired result. Breathing exercises are used exclusively at an early stage of pathology.

The respiratory complex should be performed 2-3 approaches 3 times a day. It takes 10 to 15 minutes, but the benefits of exercise really are, which is once again confirmed positive reviews those people who have undergone a similar course of treatment.

Surgical method

This method belongs to the latter. The thing is that it is shown only to those people who are faced with a serious malfunction of the sphincter of the esophageal tube.

If medicines and other methods have not brought the desired result, an operation is prescribed.

The surgeon will also intervene in cases where, against the background of the pathology of the sphincter, an ailment of another system or organ develops, a malfunction of the central nervous system and the appearance of all sorts of complications.

The operation will be to make the lower esophageal valve stronger. The walls of the stomach organ are used for this purpose.

The lower section of the esophageal tube is sheathed with it, creating an artificial cuff.

It turns out that additional pressure is created on the body. All this makes the sphincter perform its function more actively.

Physiotherapy

Another way to strengthen valve function is through physical therapy. Domestic experts did their best by developing a special approach to the treatment of the sphincter of the esophageal tube.

Such effects are not able to have a direct effect on the sphincter. The thing is, it's hard to get there.

However, they are able to stimulate the phrenic nerve, which also affects the esophageal cavity. The procedure is carried out every day or every other day. Course - 7-10 sessions.

Thanks to these methods, it is possible to establish an active process of healing the affected areas, improve blood supply in them, as well as in the digestive tract, and anesthetize the pathology.

It turns out that even without the intervention of the surgeon in the integrity of the organs of the digestive system, it is possible to do so that the tone of the lower valve of the esophageal tube will be strengthened.

Symptoms

Experts note that gastroesophageal reflux disease is not accompanied by a number of pathology-specific symptoms.

Therefore, the doctor at the initial examination of the patient with initial stage development of pathology Special attention survey.

The patient must personally monitor how his disease develops. The thing is that in practice there were cases when many patients did not have symptoms typical of the disease.

They did not encounter belching or burning in the throat. These people complained only about the appearance of heaviness in the chest cavity, sore throat, cough.

Each person's body has its own individual characteristics. Violation of even the most seemingly insignificant structures provokes a full-fledged failure, which is fraught with serious complications.

The sphincter of the esophageal tube in this case is not an exception. If it ceases to close tightly, then this will lead to dangerous disease causing a lot of problems in a person's life.

Even the slightest sign of a malfunction in the functional duties of an organ is worth contacting a doctor.

The contents of the stomach must not be allowed to re-enter the esophagus. This is fraught with heartburn.

If for infants the state of reflux with regurgitation is the norm, then an adult person can suffer greatly.

In the first case, regurgitation occurs because the valve between the stomach and the esophagus is still weak. As the child grows, it becomes stronger.

The clinical symptoms include heartburn. Let this concept can often be heard in everyday life, not everyone knows what it actually means by itself.

As a rule, this is a feeling of warmth or burning in the chest cavity or in epigastric region. 80 percent of people with sphincter malfunction complain of this symptom in the first place.

Also, frequent manifestations of malfunctions in the valve should include pain in the epigastric region, belching, regurgitation, dysphagia.

Causes of the phenomenon

The main reason is due to the fact that in the human body there is a malfunction motor functions esophagus and stomach.

When there is a decrease in the tone of the sphincter, its anatomical and structural areas will be changed.

As a result, such a diagnosis as a hernia of the esophageal part of the diaphragm can be made.

Risk factors include not only obesity, bad habits, taking antispasmodics, but also a number of pathologies, pregnancy, the need to tilt the body forward on a regular basis.

Today, there is debate in scientific circles about whether microorganisms are capable of provoking a malfunction of the gastro-digestive valve.

Some scientists conclude that this is impossible. But there are those who believe that infectious diseases, for example, diphtheria or influenza, can provoke pathology.

To be cured, you need to healthy lifestyle life. This is not easy to do, but the result is really worth it.

Treatment

First of all, it is worth noting that since the sphincter belongs to the digestive system, it will not do without diet therapy in treatment.

You need to try to avoid overeating. It is better to set a meal schedule so that you eat at the same time every day.

plays an important role in the treatment positive mood. Do not take the diagnosis as a sentence.

Positive thoughts will help to heal the disease faster, and therefore you should not give too much attention to stress, problems at work and other worries.

In accordance with the studies carried out, negative impact the work of the sphincter of the esophagus is exerted by drinks with gases.

They affect the functioning of the stomach, causing belching. If you drink these drinks in large quantities, then very soon a person will experience a deterioration in the functioning of the valve of the lower part of the esophageal tube.

Experts emphasize that you do not need to eat before going to bed. This is very unhealthy, because it will put a lot of stress on the stomach.

The organ will sink, the muscles of the esophagus will weaken. Finally, the content gastric cavity it will easily end up in the esophageal tube, which should never be allowed.

It is recommended to lean on lamb. Meat helps to strengthen the sphincter. You can eat broth, which is also useful for stimulating the functions of the stomach. Experts advise drinking a bowl of broth before eating.

It's best to organize proper sleep. For these purposes, you need to sleep on a high pillow so that the upper body is on top.

Of course, it is immediately worth noting that it is worth taking medicines only as prescribed by the attending physician.

There is no need to self-medicate, it will not lead to anything good, but it can only provoke a number of serious complications of the pathology.

Diagnostic Measures

At the first appointment, the gastroenterologist will interview the patient and complete an examination. If necessary, further examination with the use of special diagnostic measures may be prescribed. Namely: radiography; gastrofibroscopy; esophagotonokymography.

Expert forecasts

If the state of the pathology is running, then it is possible that it can provoke oncology, ulcerative growths, erosion.

Food should go along the gastrointestinal tract exclusively forward. When it is thrown into the esophagus, inflammation is observed, and this is fraught with unpleasant consequences.

Preventive measures

You need to teach yourself to eat fractionally. Those. servings should not be more than 250 gr. It is important to avoid overeating.
It is not recommended to drink coffee, eat onions and garlic. It is worth excluding fatty, fried, soda and alcohol. It is also worth minimizing Mint tea, chocolate and citrus fruits.
You can't eat before bed. It is worth avoiding stress immediately after a meal.
Tobacco addiction must be eliminated.
It is important to avoid tight clothes. Eliminate tight jeans, belts and other clothing that squeezes the organs.
It is always necessary to undergo medical examinations.
If signs of pathology appear, you should immediately go to the doctor.

ethnoscience

In order to establish the work of the sphincter, you need to connect to the methods official medicine useful folk remedies.

Recipe 1

Plantain helps to improve the functioning of the digestive tract as a whole. You need to pick fresh leaves of the plant and squeeze the juice out of it.

You need to drink 1 tbsp. in the morning on an empty stomach, a remedy until a complete cure.

Recipe 2

Need to compose herbal collection. Take 2 tbsp. peppermint, chamomile, plantain and 1 tbsp. yarrow and St. John's wort, 500 ml of boiling water.

Mix all ingredients and let stand 30 minutes. strain. You need to take the remedy for 50 gr. every hour.

Course - 3 days. On the 4th day you need to drink 3 times a remedy of 100 gr. 15 minutes before the start of the meal.

Recipe 3

Calamus root in the amount of 1 tbsp. must be mixed with 200 ml of boiling water. Let stand 15 minutes. Strain. You need to drink the remedy for ¼ tbsp. 25 minutes before meals 3 times a day.

Sports and illness

During the treatment of the sphincter of the stomach and esophagus, many people ask themselves the question: "Is it possible to play sports?"

In fact, with this pathology, the execution exercise is an important therapeutic measure.

Of course, you should not rely solely on sports, but if you combine it with diet, medication and folk medicine, then the sphincter will soon come into tone, the body as a whole will strengthen.

As for the nuances, you need to act in accordance with a special training plan that will take into account the severity of the pathology and physical training patient.

In fact, scientists have been able to prove in studies that people who exercise regularly suffer from esophageal valve failure much less often than those who lead a sedentary lifestyle and have excess weight.

If the body mass index is above 30, then such people most often become patients of gastroenterologists than those who have a BMI of 18.5-25.

With the course of the pathology, moderate exercise will help to remove the symptoms or reduce the intensity of its manifestation.

Regular therapeutic and preventive gymnastics should not be in excessive amounts. You can’t exercise if you have recently eaten.

Digestion takes time. The stomach with food already puts pressure on the sphincter, and if this condition is supplemented with a shake, the condition of the valve will become even more deplorable. It is better to carry out gymnastic complexes on an empty stomach.

You need to make a schedule taking into account the diet. Some foods are better not to eat before class.

It is better to give preference to easily digestible carbohydrate food, which has a minimum content of proteins or fats.

Do not lean on foods that can cause belching or heartburn, and even more so before starting a workout.

During treatment, intense exercise is not recommended. This is aerobics, crossfit, speed running.

The thing is that the stomach will shake, in fact, like the contents in it, which can provoke an uncomfortable sensation.

It is necessary to give preference to those complexes that will help the body stay in a “smooth” position.

Such loads include an exercise bike or cycling, skating, jogging, yoga, stepping.

It is better to give up exercises in the prone position, for example, Pilates or training in gym- bench press. This contributes to the reflux of the contents of the stomach into the cavity of the esophageal tube.

During the training session, you need to drink water. It will stimulate the work of the digestive tract, help the organs to come into tone.

The exercises that have fallen under the ban should also include complexes for the press. The thing is that they put a lot of pressure on the abdominal cavity, and this negatively affects the state of the esophageal-gastric valve.

Summarizing the above, it is worth noting that there are no sports that would be prohibited in pathology, when the valve of the stomach and esophagus ceased to close tightly.

Useful video

A disease such as insufficiency of the cardia of the stomach is not so common. Under this pathology, it is customary to understand insufficient closure of the valve between the esophagus and stomach. In medicine, the disease has another name in the form of chalazia. The main function of the cardiac sphincter is to block the return of digested food from the gastric cavity. If the process is disturbed, the esophagus is irritated by acids and covered with erosions and ulcers. The most serious complication is malignant degeneration of epithelial cells.

Insufficiency of the cardia of the stomach - what is it? Sometimes such a diagnosis is heard by a patient after visiting a doctor, but not everyone knows what is hidden under this concept.

Under this pathology, it is customary to understand a violation of the valve in the stomach, which connects to the esophagus. Such a process may occur various reasons on the background:

poor nutrition, overeating;
excess weight;
gastritis or ulcerative lesions of the stomach and intestines;
insufficient motor activity;
pyloric spasms;
increased pressure in the abdominal cavity, which is associated with pregnancy or ascites;
increase in intragastric pressure;
surgical intervention on the sphincter area;
heavy physical labor;
decreased immune function;
grasping hernia;
sedentary lifestyle.

The lack of cardia of the stomach is formed as a result of the fact that the sphincter loses its ability to protect the esophagus from the ingestion of contents from the stomach. The food comes under slight pressure. But if it is significantly higher, as during pregnancy or ascites, then casting will be almost constant.

The main factor in the development of the disease is considered a violation of work smooth muscle, which is located in the diaphragmatic region. This phenomenon is usually observed in chronic pancreatitis, obesity, inflammatory or overeating. Diaphragmatic hernia can also lead to weakness of the cardia.

When a person is completely healthy, the sphincter of the stomach is permanently closed. And it opens only when food arrives. Physicians warn their patients that important condition is the uninterrupted work of the cardia. To do this, avoid adverse impact provoking factors.

Symptoms of insufficiency of the cardia of the stomach

There are many reasons that can lead to pathology in the valve. Therefore, each person should know what signs the disease accompanies.

Symptoms of insufficiency of the cardia of the stomach are manifested in the following.

Heartburn. This symptom has nothing to do with food intake. In some cases, heartburn manifests itself very strongly, which leads to deprivation of rest.
Pain syndrome in the stomach. Intensity pain can be varied. Some patients complain about dull pain, others - on a strong or sharp. There is also burning in the esophagus.
Belching of air or stomach contents. This symptom usually has a sour taste. In the gastric contents there is juice, bile, enzymes.
nausea and occasional vomiting. Occurs immediately after eating or after 1-2 hours. When overeating, a single vomiting appears.
Painful sensations in the epigastric region and a feeling of rumbling in the stomach. Such symptoms arise from the stretching of the mucous membrane of the esophagus and irritation of its gastric juice.
Dizziness, weakness all over the body. These signs do not always appear with the cardia of the stomach. Their occurrence is associated with a malfunction digestive system.

When the valve in the stomach does not close, a whitish coating appears on the patient's tongue. Other signs are also supplemented in the form of burning pain in the ribs, a feeling of a rush of blood to the stomach.

Stages of development of the disease

Non-closure of the cardia is formed gradually, and therefore has several stages.

First stage. The disease is asymptomatic. The lower part of the sphincter is not mobile. The hole is expanded by less than one third. The main signs of insolvency of the esophageal valve include belching with air.
Second stage. At a certain point, the mobility of the sphincter decreases sharply. The degree of clearance is doubled. There is an eructation of sour contents. Sometimes it becomes painful. Most patients experience prolapse in. Incompatibility of the septum is often associated with signs of reflux.
Third stage. The valve between the esophagus and stomach is open. The peristalsis of the organ is preserved. During the examination, reflux esophagitis is detected. The lower esophagus is often affected.

Only a doctor can determine the stage of the disease after the examination.

Diagnostic measures

What to do if there is a functional disorder of the cardia of the stomach? The first step is to seek help from a specialist. He will ask the patient about the presence of complaints, and also make an anamnesis. Based on the symptoms and clinical picture, he will prescribe an examination, which includes:

radiography. A barium contrast solution is used. The picture will show that the outlet of the esophagus and stomach does not close well;
gastrofibroscopy. Allows you to examine the condition of the mucous membrane from the inside;
pH-metry to determine the degree of acidity of gastric juice;
CT scan. In the absence of an opportunity to make an x-ray;
ultrasound procedure abdominal organs.

The sooner a patient seeks medical help, the will pass more efficiently sphincter strengthening.

Non-drug therapy

Treatment of non-closure of the cardia of the stomach begins with the following measures.

Reduce weight if the patient is obese.

We lower intra-abdominal pressure if a person suffers from dropsy.

We follow a strict diet.

Proper nutrition is not only based on the regime, but also on avoiding overeating at night. It is forbidden to lie down after eating food for 2 hours. The menu should include liquid types dishes: soups, mashed potatoes, cereals on the water. This type of food will help to avoid physical stress on the esophagus. Also, do not eat too hot or cold food.

For the treatment to be effective, irritating foods should be excluded from the diet in the form of:

chips;

spices, spices and preservatives;

strong tea;

fatty and fried foods;

tangerine, orange and grapefruit;

pickles, smoked meats, marinades.

The last meal should be 3 hours before bedtime. It is strictly forbidden to eat at night.

To prevent a shortage of the cardia of the stomach, you must completely abandon the use of alcohol, carbonated drinks, and smoking.

To eliminate hypotension, doctors forbid patients to wear tight clothing, belts and belts.

Sleep on the bed in a semi-sitting position. Place a few pillows under your head.

Frequent bending and heavy physical labor should be avoided. If a person has a job connected with this, then it will have to be changed to an easier one.

Strengthen the muscle structures of the esophagus, sphincter and stomach will help special exercises. Training should be done regularly. Exercises for insufficiency are selected in each case individually. Also, the patient is shown long walks in the fresh air.

Drug treatment of insufficiency of the cardia of the stomach

The disease can be cured only at the first stage. In other cases, you can only support general state.

Most often, to increase the activity of the esophageal valve are used antiemetics in the form of Cerucal, Bimaral, Metoclopramide, Domperidone. They relieve patients of nausea.

If the cause of the disease is a pathology in the gastroesophageal reflex, then the doctor prescribes Propulsid.

To prevent heartburn, Almagel, Gaviskkon, Rennie is used. These are antacids, the effect of which is aimed at lowering the acidity of gastric juice and neutralizing of hydrochloric acid.

You can also treat cardia with the help of folk methods. This method of treatment perfectly complements the medications. But if the patient becomes ill every time, then it is necessary to visit the doctor again.

There are several effective recipes, which help prevent inflammation and protect the mucous membrane from harmful effects.

Herbal tea. To prepare the drink, St. John's wort, valerian, motherwort are mixed in equal proportions. Poured into a mug boiled water and infused for 30-40 minutes. The broth is filtered and mixed with honey. The medicine should be taken before meals half an hour before a meal.

Plantain juice. Take a few leaves, finely chop and squeeze the juice with cheesecloth. Stir with warm water in a ratio of 2 to 1. Take the medicine one spoonful before each meal. This tool will help prevent further progression of insufficiency of the cardia of the stomach.

To restore the valve in the third stage, you need to use dandelion juice, decoction based on calamus root, caraway tincture.

You can use folk remedies only after consulting a specialist.

Preventive actions

Preventing insufficient work of the cardia of the stomach is not so difficult. Enough to stick to some activities.

Eat right. It is forbidden to overeat and starve for a long time. The last meal should be 2-3 hours before bedtime.

Drink a glass of warm water every morning on an empty stomach.

Do not allow the development of obesity. A person should be able to control his body weight. It is worth remembering that obesity affects adversely the work of all internal organs.

Make sure you get enough physical activity. In this case, you can not overload your body.

Get tested on time gastrointestinal tract.

Give up bad habits in the form of smoking, alcohol abuse, fast food, semi-finished products.

Do not lift heavy objects. If the work involves heavy loads, then it is better to find something easier.

Do not rush to take medication without consulting a doctor. Even if there are symptoms of cardia insufficiency, you need to undergo an examination, and only after setting accurate diagnosis carry out treatment.

It is possible to prevent the development of this disease if you follow a diet. Avoid irritation of the esophageal mucosa and do not delay a visit to the doctor. If you do not pay attention to the problem in a timely manner, then advanced stage develop serious complications. This can mean only one thing - the formation of erosions and ulcers on the mucous membrane of the esophagus.

The gastrointestinal tract is a complex system that provides the body with the necessary compounds and removes metabolic products. For this reason, there is a lot of pressure on it, due to which diseases of the gastric sphincter can develop, namely, weakness of the gastric valve.

Valve operation

Before entering the stomach, food passes through several stages:

oral cavity;
larynx;
esophagus.

Each of them has its own environment. The lower esophageal sphincter, also called the gastric valve or gastric cardia, works as a barrier to the exit of food. This valve prevents acid from sloshing into the esophagus. Normally, while a person does not consume food, the sphincter closes, opening only when food passes into the stomach. Thus, neither the resulting nutrient mass nor the acid gets higher. Due to some factors of malnutrition, this process is disrupted, as a result of which chalazia develops, a condition.

Causes of insufficiency

Obesity can lead to malaise.

There are two groups of causes, which are defined as organic and functional. The former are not associated with anatomical deficiencies of the body and occur due to hiatral hernias or postoperative complications. Due to functional disorders, the cardiac sphincter does not close tightly and works in the opposite direction. He is prevented by pressure in the cavity of the stomach or intra-abdominal pressure, spasm of the pylorus. The valve muscles themselves lose their tone, become weak and unclenched. These ailments are preceded by the following regime violations:

binge eating;
eating right before bed;
obesity;
passive lifestyle;
constipation;
excessive physical activity.

Weak valve muscles are caused by previous surgeries, pregnancy, and chronic stomach problems. Some foods and habits are detrimental to normal sphincter muscle tone:

tomatoes;
chocolate;
coffee;
fatty food;
smoking;
alcohol.

Symptoms

Heartburn is one of the first prominent symptoms of the disease.

Most bright symptom heart failure - heartburn, which makes itself felt regardless of food intake. In addition to it, the violation is accompanied by the following problems:

eructation of air with a taste of bitterness or acid;
aching or burning pain in the chest area;
pain in the epigastric region;
rumbling sounds in the intestines;
obsessive nausea, sudden vomiting;
fatigue, dizziness, weakness.

These conditions may be accompanied by dizziness, rumbling in the abdomen and the appearance white plaque in the tongue, which indicates inflammation of the walls of the esophagus.

What is dangerous?

Digestive diseases account for up to half of the pathologies of the adult population in developed countries. At the same time, the number of diseases of this type is constantly growing, since the first symptoms are not noticed, they decide on treatment when the disease has already passed into a critical stage.

Cardiac insufficiency signals a violation of the diet, the wrong way life, heavy loads while you work. She is a manifestation various diseases, such as gastritis, tumors, ulcers, etc. Because of it, adjacent organs begin to malfunction, there is a danger of serious complications:

bleeding;
scarring of the esophagus (reduce elasticity, reduce the lumen);
peptic ulcers.

Another negative factor in advanced cardia insufficiency is unpleasant ways examinations. At the same time, long courses of treatment adversely affect other human organs.

Diagnostics

Some of the previously listed symptoms accompany other diseases (gastric ulcer, gastritis, etc.), and the catalysts for reducing the tone of the valve muscles are different factors. Therefore, it is important to correctly determine the nature and causes of the ailment. For this, the following types of studies are used:

x-ray;
gastrofibroscopy;
pH-metry of the esophagus, esophagoscopy, tests with methylene blue.

X-ray using barium sulfate contrast determines the parameters of reflux, the presence of esophagitis or ulcers of the esophagus. If the results of fluoroscopy are unclear, esophagoscopy is prescribed for it, which makes it possible to examine the mucosa of the esophagus and the density of muscle closure.

Therapy

Therapeutic instructions

Before starting treatment, consult with a specialist

The following points must be followed so that the cardia of the stomach works normally and begins to close tightly:

Correct diagnosis of the causes by a doctor with their subsequent elimination (this applies to pathologies leading to sphincter dysfunction).
Eat while standing or sitting, keeping your back straight.
Maintain a gap of 2-3 hours between the last meal and sleep.
Arrange for a head lift during sleep.
Eliminate too spicy, fatty, cold or hot, pickled foods from the diet.
Consume daily a large number of fiber and include daily first meals in your diet.
Switch to more fractional meals, do not overeat, especially make sure not to gorge before bedtime.
Try to make the intra-abdominal pressure weaker by reducing the amount of adipose tissue, if you are overweight.
Reduce the consumption of foods that are dangerous for the gastric valve (strong coffee, tomatoes, chocolate, etc.).
Quit smoking and limit your consumption of alcoholic beverages.
Try to lean less.
Do not lie down after eating, so as not to provoke heartburn and aggravate the condition of the esophagus.
Wear comfortable clothing that does not constrict your body.
Adjust physical activity, try to work without significant effort. Hiking in the fresh air is especially useful.
Undergo periodic examinations by a gastroenterologist and complete the course of treatment prescribed by him.
Do not experiment with drugs to avoid complications.

Medical treatment

As an effective treatment, prokinetics are used, for example: Cerucal, Metoclopramide, Reglan, Domperidone. They increase the activity of the cardiac sphincter, the intake occurs before meals up to 4 times a day. Together with prokinetics, drugs are prescribed that inhibit reflux (propulsid) and antacids that suppress heartburn (Gaviscon, Almagel, Smecta, Maalox, Gastal, Phosphalugel).

Treatment is supported by omeprazole to restore the walls of the esophagus, antiemetics and pain medications. Sometimes it is necessary to use antiprotozoal drugs, antibiotics.

Absolutely everything in the human body has its specific functions. Violation of the work of even insignificant, at first glance, structures in the stomach leads to the development of unpleasant, and in some cases even severe consequences. The stomach valve is no exception. If it does not close, an unpleasant consequence of such a pathology is reflux, followed by heartburn.

Symptoms of pathology when the stomach valve does not close

At the slightest sign of a violation of the upper valve of the stomach, a person is faced with such a problem as gastoesophageal reflux, or, to put it more simply, the periodic reflux of gastric contents into the esophagus, causing a feeling of heartburn. For newborns, the state of reflux is the norm, since the gastric valve has not yet fully formed, and belching in a newborn is perceived by adults without much worry. Another thing is if the stomach valve does not close in an adult. Gastroesophageal reflux can significantly reduce the quality of life.

Signs of a non-closing valve between the esophagus and stomach

The main and often leading clinical symptom of a malfunction of the gastric valve is heartburn. Despite the fact that the term "heartburn" is often mentioned in everyday life, not everyone knows what it is. Heartburn is usually referred to as a burning sensation and warmth localized behind the sternum (in the lower third) or in the epigastric region. Heartburn occurs in 80% of patients with GERD.

To others less common symptoms disorders of the gastric valve, can be attributed

belching
spontaneous vomiting,
dysphagia
as well as pain in the epigastrium.

Why the stomach valve may not close - causes of the phenomenon

The cause of gastric valve problems is considered to be a violation of the motility of the stomach and esophagus. The main role in the reflux of gastric contents is played by a decrease in the tone of the gastroesophageal sphincter, as well as its structural and anatomical changes, for example, the presence of a hernia of the esophageal diaphragm.

AT separate group causes of reflux are usually attributed to factors such as

overweight,
permanent forced position tilted hulls,
alcohol abuse and smoking,
systematic use of antispasmodics (drugs that reduce the tone of smooth muscles),
as well as a number of diseases and pregnancy.

Currently, there is a lot of controversy on the topic that the operation of the gastric valve can be disrupted due to the harmful effects of microorganisms on it. Although a number of authors note that the role of microorganisms in the disruption of the gastric valve is significantly small to cause gastroesophageal reflux.

In Europe, more than 40 percent of the population suffers from esophageal valve disorders. The incidence of pathology in Asian countries is also growing every year.

In recent years, more and more cases of turning to the doctor with complaints of frequent belching and pain have been recorded in our country.

But not all patients dare to come to the hospital. This is fraught with serious complications.

Only those who are no longer able to endure the burning pain turn to the doctor.

But few people understand that a chronic malfunction of the esophageal sphincter leads to the fact that the organ narrows, becomes covered with ulcers, and also experiences tissue degeneration into cancer cells.

Untimely treatment of pathology causes a person to experience discomfort in the form of heartburn, belching, which interferes with sleep at night, spasms, and inflammation in the organ. All of this has a significant impact on the quality of human life.

The risk group includes 6 categories of the population:

Obese people. These are most often those who overeat fatty foods.
People who suffer from overwork due to their work, as well as facing stress on a regular basis.
People who are addicted to alcohol and tobacco.
Middle-aged and old people.
Those who abuse food at night.
Forced to take a variety of medications on an ongoing basis.

Symptoms

Experts note that gastroesophageal reflux disease is not accompanied by a number of pathology-specific symptoms.

Therefore, the doctor at the initial examination of the patient with the initial stage of pathology development pays special attention to the survey.

The patient must personally monitor how his disease develops. The thing is that in practice there were cases when many patients did not have symptoms typical of the disease.

They did not encounter belching or burning in the throat. These people complained only about the appearance of heaviness in the chest cavity, sore throat, cough.

Each person's body has its own individual characteristics. Violation of even the most seemingly insignificant structures provokes a full-fledged failure, which is fraught with serious complications.

The sphincter of the esophageal tube in this case is not an exception. If it ceased to close tightly, then this will lead to a dangerous disease that provokes a lot of problems in a person’s life.

Even the slightest sign of a malfunction in the functional duties of an organ is worth contacting a doctor.

The contents of the stomach must not be allowed to re-enter the esophagus. This is fraught with heartburn.

If for infants the state of reflux with regurgitation is the norm, then an adult person can suffer greatly.

In the first case, regurgitation occurs because the valve between the stomach and the esophagus is still weak. As the child grows, it becomes stronger.

The clinical symptoms include heartburn. Although this concept can often be heard in everyday life, not everyone knows what it actually means by itself.

As a rule, this is a feeling of warmth or burning in the chest cavity or in the epigastric region. 80 percent of people with sphincter malfunction complain of this symptom in the first place.

Also, frequent manifestations of malfunctions in the valve should include pain in the epigastric region, belching, regurgitation, dysphagia.

The main reason is due to the fact that in the human body there is a malfunction in the motor functions of the esophagus and stomach.

When there is a decrease in the tone of the sphincter, its anatomical and structural areas will be changed.

As a result, such a diagnosis as a hernia of the esophageal part of the diaphragm can be made.

Risk factors also include not only obesity, bad habits, taking antispasmodics, but also a number of pathologies, pregnancy, and the need to tilt the body forward on a regular basis.

Today, there is debate in scientific circles about whether microorganisms are capable of provoking a malfunction of the gastro-digestive valve.

Some scientists conclude that this is impossible. But there are those who believe that infectious diseases, for example, diphtheria or influenza, can provoke pathology.

To recover, you need to lead a healthy lifestyle. This is not easy to do, but the result is really worth it.

For newborns, the state of reflux is the norm, since the gastric valve has not yet fully formed, and belching in a newborn is perceived by adults without much worry. Another thing is if the stomach valve does not close in an adult.

Gastroesophageal reflux can significantly reduce the quality of life.

Signs of a non-closing valve between the esophagus and stomach

Other, less common symptoms of gastric valve dysfunction include

belching
spontaneous vomiting,
dysphagia
as well as pain in the epigastrium.

In a separate group of causes of reflux, it is customary to include factors such as

overweight,
constant forced position of the body in an inclination,
alcohol abuse and smoking,
systematic use of antispasmodics (drugs that reduce the tone of smooth muscles),
as well as a number of diseases and pregnancy.

Insufficiency of the cardia of the stomach - what is it? Sometimes such a diagnosis is heard by a patient after visiting a doctor, but not everyone knows what is hidden under this concept.

There are many reasons that can lead to pathology in the valve. Therefore, each person should know what signs the disease accompanies.

Symptoms of insufficiency of the cardia of the stomach are manifested in the following.

Modern gastroenterology distinguishes two main points of view on the formation of cardiac insufficiency. Some doctors believe that this is a separate pathology, while others - that it is a symptom of various diseases.

Valve operation

Before entering the stomach, food passes through several stages:

oral cavity;
larynx;
esophagus.

Each of them has its own environment. The lower esophageal sphincter, also called the gastric valve or gastric cardia, works as a barrier to the exit of food.

This valve prevents acid from sloshing into the esophagus. Normally, while a person does not consume food, the sphincter closes, opening only when food passes into the stomach.

Thus, neither the resulting nutrient mass nor the acid gets higher. Due to some factors of malnutrition, this process is disrupted, as a result of which chalazia develops, a state of insufficiency of the cardia of the stomach.

Causes of insufficiency

Obesity can lead to malaise.

The esophageal sphincter in any violation gives an immediate reaction, manifests itself instantly in the form of various manifestations. Signs of pathology are proportional to the degree of development of the disease. To identify symptomatic complex There are other, common signs for reflux disease:

general weakness and malaise;
dizziness during physical exertion;
regular heartburn, regardless of food intake;
rolling nausea;
bile impurities in vomit.

Diagnostic methods

For these purposes, it is customary to use surgery and physiotherapy. There are other ways, but official medicine does not welcome their distribution.

Speaking about alternative methods, it can be noted that exercises to strengthen the sphincter of the esophagus were able to prove themselves from the best side.

Therapeutic gymnastics allows you to eliminate the problem when the valve no longer closes. It is about respiratory procedures that will be discussed below.

Respiratory complexes

Non-traditional methods of treating the esophageal sphincter are that they do not have direct access to the muscular system of the digestive organs.

In turn, the esophagus is located in the inner part of the chest. The impact on him is not very simple.

You can simplify the achievement of the desired effect if you use special respiratory complexes.

To begin with, it is worth noting that there are special rules for conducting exercises. You only need to do them on an empty stomach.

All breathing exercises are not performed on a full stomach. Otherwise, the lower esophageal sphincter weakens, it does not close, and therefore the situation can become even more complicated.

You can control the body if you use the lungs. Therefore, you need to make simple movements, alternately inhaling and exhaling.

The peculiarity of the complex lies also in the fact that the patient should breathe not with the sternum, but with the abdominal cavity.

Those. the chest will remain in place, and the abdominals are involved in the process. From the first time, not everyone succeeds in performing this technique, but with practice it is quite possible to comprehend this skill.

We'll have to try, since the sphincter between the stomach and esophagus cannot be stimulated otherwise, but you need to increase its tone.

With each training, other systems of the patient's body will be connected to the process. These are the digestive, respiratory, cardiovascular systems.

As for the speed of breathing, you need to change it constantly. Then do everything quickly, then slow down again, switch to slow breathing and accelerate sharply.

When there is a very weakened valve between the stomach and the esophagus, the exercises may not bring the desired result. Breathing exercises are used exclusively at an early stage of pathology.

The respiratory complex should be performed 2-3 approaches 3 times a day. It takes from 10 to 15 minutes, but there really is a benefit from the exercises, which is once again confirmed by the positive feedback from those people who have undergone a similar course of treatment.

Surgical method

This method belongs to the latter. The thing is that it is shown only to those people who are faced with a serious malfunction of the sphincter of the esophageal tube.

If medicines and other methods have not brought the desired result, an operation is prescribed.

The surgeon will also intervene in cases where, against the background of the pathology of the sphincter, an ailment of another system or organ develops, a malfunction of the central nervous system and the appearance of all sorts of complications.

The operation will be to make the lower esophageal valve stronger. The walls of the stomach organ are used for this purpose.

The lower section of the esophageal tube is sheathed with it, creating an artificial cuff.

It turns out that additional pressure is created on the body. All this makes the sphincter perform its function more actively.

Physiotherapy

Another way to strengthen valve function is through physical therapy. Domestic experts did their best by developing a special approach to the treatment of the sphincter of the esophageal tube.

Such effects are not able to have a direct effect on the sphincter. The thing is, it's hard to get there.

However, they are able to stimulate the phrenic nerve, which also affects the esophageal cavity. The procedure is carried out every day or every other day. Course - 7-10 sessions.

Thanks to these methods, it is possible to establish an active process of healing the affected areas, improve blood supply in them, as well as in the digestive tract, and anesthetize the pathology.

Treatment of insufficiency of the cardiac sphincter is carried out in most cases by conservative methods. Lower esophageal sphincter motor activity regulators are often prescribed to suppress symptoms.

These drugs include drugs containing metoclopramide and domperidone. These medications contribute to an increase in muscle tone in the region of the esophageal ring, which leads to a decrease or complete elimination of the reflux of fluid from the stomach into the esophagus.

Among other things, you need to treat the existing reflux.

The use of these drugs can only eliminate the symptoms of the pathology, but it cannot eliminate the root cause of the problem. It should be noted that the doctor should prescribe the regimen for taking medications. If there is a chronic disease of the stomach, a tumor in this area or any other defect, its directed treatment is required.

Another important point in the treatment of insufficiency of the cardia of the stomach is proper nutrition. In order to eliminate all symptoms, you should stop eating heavy food, which long time stays in the stomach.

In addition, you should eat food in moderation to avoid overeating, since it is excessive portions that often provoke the onset of symptoms of disruption of the gastric sphincter.

In the absence of positive changes in the treatment with conservative methods, surgical intervention may be prescribed. In most cases, during the operation, the surgeon sutures the muscles that form the cardia. The radical method of treatment is used extremely rarely.

Considering that such a pathology as insufficiency of the cardia of the stomach occurs even in people who do not suffer from chronic diseases digestive tract, in order to eliminate the risk of a problem, it is worth adhering to certain rules.

First of all, to maintain the health of the stomach, it is necessary to monitor the diet, since the constant use of sandwiches significantly increases the risk of problems in the gastrointestinal tract.

This will reduce the load on the stomach muscles and prevent their uncontrolled stretching. In the event of discomfort from the stomach or heartburn, you should immediately stop taking coffee, citrus fruits, fatty foods and alcohol, as these are the foods that can aggravate symptoms.

Also, don't eat before bed. It is best to have a meal 1.5 or more hours before going to bed.

A mobile lifestyle has a positive effect on the state of the whole organism, including a beneficial effect on the digestive system. Among other things, you should play sports to strengthen muscles abdominals and in addition, avoid wearing tight fitting clothing.

The sphincter of the stomach (otherwise, the cardia) is the border between the organs of the peritoneum and the esophagus, prevents food from being thrown back into the esophagus. Normally, the sphincter is closed and opens only after swallowing food.

The sphincter of the lower esophagus closes during digestion. With cardiac failure, serious diseases are formed that can lead the patient to peptic ulcer or erosive disease.

Timely treatment and prevention of sphinctral insufficiency of the stomach in the presence of predisposing factors will avoid many unpleasant complications from the epigastric organs.

Anatomical aspects

Diagnostic measures consist in carrying out research methods aimed at differentiating other diseases of organs or systems with similar manifestations. The main measures include:

study of clinical history;
examination and palpation of the epigastric space;
scintigraphy of the esophagus contrast agent;
FEGDS (fibroesophagogastroduodenoscopy);
daily measurement acidity of the stomach;
x-ray.

The cardia of the stomach is a ring-shaped sphincter located between the esophagus and the stomach. It is normally closed.

When eating, the muscles relax and food passes from the esophagus to the stomach. To prevent reverse process and serves as cardia.

The stomach contains a highly acidic medium, while the esophagus is predominantly neutral.

Therefore, the ingress of gastric juice and caustic enzymes into the esophagus can damage its walls and cause burns and ulcers.

If you do not carry out the correct and timely treatment, then the formation of malignant tumors is possible.

Actually, cardia insufficiency is a violation of the sphincter, in which the contents of the stomach have the opportunity to enter the esophagus.

Depending on the size of the gap in the sphincter in the normal state, there are three degrees of the disease:

1st degree (size does not exceed 1/3 of the diameter of the cardia in a fully open state);
2nd degree (the size is half or more of the diameter);
3rd degree (muscles practically do not function, inflammation of the walls of the esophagus is observed).

In order for the contents of the stomach to enter the esophagus, a lot of pressure is required - about 70 millimeters of mercury.

This condition is achieved when increased gas formation due to overeating and fermentation of undigested excess food.

Thus, malnutrition, as well as a sedentary lifestyle, overweight, lack of physical activity and poor posture are the main causes of insufficiency of the cardia of the stomach.

Another factor may be bad habits such as smoking or frequent use alcohol.

Treatment and strengthening

Medical treatment. Before appointing necessary drugs, the doctor determines at what stage the disease is, and what are the reasons for its occurrence.

If it was the hernia of the diaphragm that provoked insufficiency of the cardia of the stomach, treatment should be carried out with the help of surgical intervention. This is the only solution to the problem, because the use of drugs alone in this situation is useless.

But often the disease is provoked by gastritis, and in such cases, complex treatment is effective.

Now there are many drugs that can cure this disease. Gastroenterologists prescribe Gaviscon, Smecta or Almagel to solve the problem of heartburn.

And to get rid of unpleasant symptoms, regulators of the functional activity of the lower esophageal valve (Cerukal, Metamol or Perinorm) are suitable. They increase muscle tone and help get rid of the release of processed food into the esophagus.

However, do not forget that therapy should be complex.

During treatment it is necessary:

follow diets, eat small meals, do not eat before bedtime;
exclude spicy and fatty foods from the daily diet, refuse citrus fruits and do not drink strong tea or coffee;
drink warm water on an empty stomach every morning;
you should get rid of excess weight and give up alcohol;
wear clothes that do not restrict movement.

Treatment is possible with the help of traditional medicine. Today, along with drug treatment, the use of folk remedies is practiced. However, before using them for therapy, it is necessary to consult a gastroenterologist. After all, the wrong application medicinal herbs may not bring the expected effect or cause complications.

A bolus of food moves from the mouth into the stomach through the esophageal tube. The movement of the lump is facilitated by the peristalsis of the esophageal tube.

In response to swallowing a bolus, the pharyngeal valve relaxes, the food bolus passes freely into the esophageal cavity, then it enters the open cardiac valve, from there into the gastric region.

The peristalsis of swallowing works in such a way that the previous sip is inhibited by the wave of peristalsis of the next sip. If the first sip did not have time to go through the entire area, the process is disrupted, esophageal peristalsis is inhibited, and the lower cardiac valve relaxes.

Regulates the work of sphincters autonomic system. The nerve system activates and relaxes the tone of the cardiac region. If there are no food masses in the lumen of the esophageal tube, the lower esophageal sphincter is compressed. Conversely, the valve opens to allow passage of food masses into the stomach cavity.

The task of therapeutic therapeutic measures is to restore the normal process of passage of food through the esophagus. Medications and manipulations are used to treat the valve of the esophagus. The doctor selects therapy, taking into account the type and nature of the violation of the valves.

antispasmodic means - lower the tone of smooth valvular muscles;
prokinetic means - increase the tone of smooth muscles, strengthen the sphincter between the stomach and esophagus (as you know, there are cases when the valve between the esophagus and stomach does not close), as well as the upper pharyngeal valve.

Surgical treatment of the esophageal sphincter

If conservative therapy has not brought an effect, or to achieve a permanent result, it is used surgical intervention.

Bougienage is the expansion of the lumen of the stenotic esophageal canal. For the procedure, a special probe is used, equipped with light and optics. Narrowed areas expand with the gradual introduction of the probe. Bougie are selected different in size, in flexibility, depending on the nature of the stenosis. You can read more about this procedure in this article.

Esophageal plasty - with the help of surgical operation the lumen of the sphincter is reduced by suturing the smooth muscles. This procedure is done with erosive esophagitis.

Except surgical methods, you can restore the work of the low esophageal valve with the help of physiotherapy procedures. Physiologists approached this problem in a complex way: they act on the esophageal canal and adjacent organs with currents of various frequencies. Shown to be effective:

diadynamic currents(DDT);
medicinal electrophoresis.

These procedures can be carried out together with the introduction of an internal probe. Thus, the microcirculation of the organ increases, healing takes place better, and a slight analgesic effect is noted. So, without intervention, the integrity of the esophageal organ is restored, the tone of the cardiac valve is strengthened.

Strengthening muscles with therapeutic gymnastics belong to alternative methods treatment. The difficulty lies in the fact that there is no direct access to the muscles of the digestive system in this segment: the esophageal canal and all its sections are located inside the chest. But breathing exercises can be very effective.

take turns doing deep breath and exhale using chest and abdominal breathing;
inhale and exhale at different rates, speeding up or slowing down the speed.

These exercises are very helpful in early stages pathology. It is enough to exercise regularly, do gymnastics for 15-20 minutes, three sets a day. In difficult situations, breathing exercises are unlikely to help. Which method to choose, how to strengthen the esophageal valve, will be prompted by the attending physician.

upper sphincter esophagus (pharyngeal sphincter). It separates the pharynx from the esophagus, located at the level of the 7th cervical vertebra. The main function of this sphincter is to prevent the return of food from the esophagus to the pharynx and its entry into the upper respiratory tract (larynx).

Lower esophageal sphincter (cardiac sphincter). It is localized at the point of entry of the esophagus into the stomach. At the moment of food mass advancement, the cardiac sphincter of the esophagus opens, the rest of the time it is in a closed state, due to the tone of smooth muscles. This prevents stomach contents from entering the lower esophagus.

The process of contraction of the smooth muscles of the sphincter with the closure of the lumen of the esophagus is dynamic. Depending on the presence of food in the esophagus, its sphincters are in various condition. During the passage of food masses, they open, as soon as the lumen of the esophagus is released, the sphincters are compressed again.

Sphincters are regulated by the nervous system.

Smooth muscles are innervated by fibers of the sympathetic and parasympathetic parts of the autonomic nervous system. With increased activity of sympathetic nerve fibers, there is a contraction of the sphincter and a weakening of the peristaltic movements of the walls of the esophagus (the period of lack of food in it).

In turn, the parasympathetic part of the autonomic nervous system has the opposite effect - relaxation of the smooth muscles of the sphincters and increased peristaltic movements of the walls of the esophagus, which contribute to the movement of food masses into the stomach.

Increased tone with incomplete opening of the sphincters during the passage of food - this develops a violation of swallowing (dysphagia).

Decrease in the tone of the esophageal sphincters with a reverse reflux of food masses or gastric contents into the upper esophagus, up to the pharynx.

Such functional disorders can develop in isolation in one of the esophageal sphincters or in both at once.

Increased tone of the esophageal sphincters

Increased tone of the esophageal sphincters develops under the influence of increased impulsation sympathetic department autonomic nervous system. Depending on the localization, there are two variants of this state:

Increased tone of the pharyngeal sphincter of the esophagus - leads to a violation initial stage swallowing, which is accompanied pain, choking, development of cough when food masses enter the larynx.
If the sphincter between the esophagus and stomach has an increased tone, then food masses can accumulate in the lower parts of the esophagus, leading to its expansion. In turn, this can cause the development of vomiting.

An increased tone of the esophageal sphincters can subsequently lead to the development of organic pathology with the development of structural changes in the walls of the esophagus.

Decreased tone of the esophageal sphincters

A decrease in the tone of the pharyngeal sphincter of the esophagus often leads to the throwing of food masses into the pharynx and larynx, which is accompanied by choking during after swallowing food, the development of coughing or suffocation (the result of food masses entering the larynx and trachea), regurgitation of food or air.

Lower esophageal sphincter insufficiency can lead to serious consequences- development erosive esophagitis as a result of systematic reflux of gastric contents into the lower esophagus. Decreased tone of the cardiac sphincter is one of the pathogenetic mechanisms development of reflux (reflux - reverse reflux) disease leading to erosions and ulcers of the esophageal mucosa.

The development of a decrease in the tone of the esophageal sphincters is the result of heightened influence on them the parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system or a decrease in impulses in the nerve fibers in the sympathetic part.

Organic causes of changes in the tone of the sphincters of the esophagus

Changes in structure or anatomical structure in the walls various departments esophagus can lead to disruption in the sphincters. Strictures, cicatricial changes in the esophagus in the area of the sphincter lead to its narrowing, which does not disappear even with the relaxation of smooth muscles.

An increase in the diameter of the sphincters may develop due to the diverticulum of the esophagus (protrusion formation). Also, organic expansion of the sphincter can be caused by stretching of the walls of the lower third of the esophagus due to an initial increase in the tone of the cardiac sphincter.

Symptoms

Changes in the tone of the sphincters in the esophagus affect its functional activity. This leads to the development of a number of symptoms - bad smell from the mouth, pain in the esophagus, violation of the process of swallowing.

The esophagus has the function of moving food out of the oral cavity into the stomach. This is achieved due to the coordinated contraction of the longitudinal and transverse fibers of the muscular wall of the esophagus.

home Diseases Esophagus

Insufficiency of the cardia of the esophagus is a pathological condition consisting in incomplete closure of the valve that separates inner space gastric region from the esophagus. The main function of this sphincter is to protect the esophagus from not only gastric juice, but also enzymes that take part in the digestion process.

That is why the problem of insufficiency of the lower esophageal sphincter, as well as the upper one, must be approached extremely carefully. Special attention is paid to exercises that help restore its function.

Causes and symptoms of cardia insufficiency

Before understanding the features of treatment, I would like to pay special attention to what are the causes and symptoms of insufficiency of the esophageal cardia. The main factor is poor nutrition, and one should not forget about the use of carbonated drinks in significant quantities, strong tea, alcoholic beverages and coffee.

Other no less significant provoking factors should be considered the maintenance of a passive lifestyle (especially in physical terms), excessive body weight, other diseases of the stomach - gastritis, ulcerative lesion.

The next reason the need for exercise in case of insufficiency of the cardia of the esophagus, experts call increased pressure inside the peritoneum.

Much more attention should be paid to the symptoms of the presented pathological condition, because this list contains constantly recurring heartburn.

The main function of the esophagus is to move food masses from the mouth into the abdominal cavity, which is achieved by contracting the fibers located on the wall of the organ. Insufficiency of the outlet of the cardia leads to malfunction of the esophagus, which is fraught with various pathologies because the pressure in the abdomen is higher than in the esophagus.

A malfunction in the esophagus can provoke severe pathologies.

Structural features

Treatment of gastric reflux is traditionally divided into medical and surgical. With cardiac reflux, a number of drugs are used to reduce acidity in the stomach cavity.

The main groups of drugs are foaming and antacid drugs, but they should be taken only upon the formation of heartburn or sour belching. Proton pump inhibitors are taken every day.

Well drug therapy carried out only on the recommendation of a doctor. In the presence of a burdened clinical history, the treatment of other diseases is carried out according to the optimal scheme.

Surgical treatment indicated for organic failure, with a decrease in the functionality of the digestive tract, a strong deterioration in the patient's condition. The decision on the operation is made collectively with other specialists in various fields.

Strengthening methods

How to strengthen the esophageal sphincter and reduce the risk of insufficiency? Strengthening the muscle structures of the sphincter comes down to observing a number of preventive measures against reflux disease:

frequent consumption of food in small portions;
lack of overeating;
exclusion from the diet of aggressive food, alcohol;
quitting tobacco;
weight control;
wearing comfortable clothing without excessive tightening.

Structural features

Esophageal sphincter dysfunction

Failure of the sphincters occurs separately in one of them or develops in two at once. There are 2 types of esophageal valve disorders:

increased tone– during the passage of bolus masses, the functional organ does not open completely, during this dysphagia develops, that is, swallowing is disturbed;
decreased valvular tone- there is a reflux of food, gastric mass into reverse side: in the lower and upper parts of the esophagus, pharynx, oral cavity.

Structural changes or disruption anatomical composition different parts of the alimentary canal lead to disruption of the food valves. Scars, strictures, tumors of the esophagus disrupt the sphincter, as the functional organ narrows and cannot expand even if the smooth muscles relax.

The expansion of the lumen of the sphincter develops with diverticula, when a protrusion of the esophageal wall is formed. An organic increase in diameter is also caused by the stretching of the walls of the lower section, which is initially formed during increased tone cardiac valve.

Symptoms

4 Treatment

First of all, it is worth noting that since the sphincter belongs to the digestive system, it will not do without diet therapy in treatment.

You need to try to avoid overeating. It is better to set a meal schedule so that you eat at the same time every day.

A positive mood plays an important role in treatment. Do not take the diagnosis as a sentence.

Positive thoughts will help to heal the disease faster, and therefore you should not give too much attention to stress, problems at work and other worries.

In accordance with the studies, drinks with gases have a negative impact on the work of the sphincter of the esophagus.

They affect the functioning of the stomach, causing belching. If you drink these drinks in large quantities, then very soon a person will experience a deterioration in the functioning of the valve of the lower part of the esophageal tube.

Experts emphasize that you do not need to eat before going to bed. This is very unhealthy, because it will put a lot of stress on the stomach.

The organ will sink, the muscles of the esophagus will weaken. As a result, the contents of the gastric cavity will easily end up in the esophageal tube, which should never be allowed.

It is best to arrange for yourself the right sleep. For these purposes, you need to sleep on a high pillow so that the upper body is on top.

Of course, it is immediately worth noting that it is worth taking medicines only as prescribed by the attending physician.

There is no need to self-medicate, it will not lead to anything good, but it can only provoke a number of serious complications of the pathology.

The disease can be cured only at the first stage. In other cases, you can only maintain a general state.

Most often, to enhance the activity of the esophageal valve, antiemetics are used in the form of Cerucal, Bimaral, Metoclopramide, Domperidone. They relieve patients of nausea.

If the cause of the disease is a pathology in the gastroesophageal reflex, then the doctor prescribes Propulsid.

To prevent heartburn, Almagel, Gaviskkon, Rennie is used. These are antacids, the effect of which is aimed at lowering the acidity of gastric juice and neutralizing hydrochloric acid.

You can also treat cardia with the help of folk methods. This method of treatment perfectly complements the medications. But if the patient becomes ill every time, then it is necessary to visit the doctor again.

There are several effective recipes that help prevent inflammation and protect the mucous membrane from harmful effects.

Therapy is aimed at eliminating provoking factors and causes. If the patient is overweight, then dietary nutrition is prescribed. With ascites - reduce intra-abdominal pressure. To restore the activity of the muscles of the sphincter of the esophagus, drug treatment is carried out.

If a person is diagnosed with insufficiency of the cardia of the stomach, treatment should begin as early as possible. And first of all, it will begin with the following measures:

weight loss if a person is obese (this can be achieved through diet);
a decrease in intra-abdominal pressure if a person is diagnosed with ascites (dropsy);
careful adherence to dietary nutrition.

The diet consists not only in the fact that the patient begins to eat properly at certain hours, but also in the fact that he will not overeat and eat at night. Do not lie down after eating for at least 2 hours. The diet should include more mashed soups, cereals. Such food, respectively, will save the esophagus from physical irritations. Food that is too hot or too cold should be avoided.

It is necessary to exclude foods that are irritating from the diet:

crisps;
all products, during the preparation of which chemical preservatives and flavor enhancers were added;
tea (strong);
coffee;
fatty and fried foods;
tangerines, grapefruits;
food containing a large amount of spices, salt, spices, as well as all smoked meats;
homemade pickles and marinades.

Dinner should be approximately 3 hours before bedtime. It is not allowed to take food immediately before going to bed.

Other restrictions in the life of the patient are also shown:

it is necessary to abandon clothes that squeeze the stomach;
for the same reason, it is necessary to limit the wearing of tight belts, belts;
sleep on a bed with a raised headboard;
do not often bend down and should not work very long and hard;
if a person's activity is associated with the need to work hard, often bend down, then in this case it is advisable for him to change jobs.

It is necessary to treat this disease only after a thorough diagnosis. Self-treatment with the use of some "folk" remedies is strictly prohibited: sometimes they can be not only useless, but also bring great harm to the body.

Drugs are often used to increase the activity of the esophageal sphincter. The most commonly used drugs are Metoclopramide (Cerukal, Bimaral) and Domperidone. Cerucal is prescribed only by the attending physician in a strictly selected dosage. It is strictly forbidden to take such a medicine on its own, that is, as a self-medication.

Domperidone is prescribed individually with carefully determined dosage and administration rules. With a pathological gastroesophageal reflex, the doctor prescribes Propulsid. This tool is used in various forms.

To suppress the symptoms of heartburn, drugs such as Almagel, Gaviscon, Smecta and others are used. With drug treatment, the doctor may allow the use of traditional medicine.

However, such drugs cannot be used as monotherapy, but are additional means complex treatment insufficiency of the cardia of the stomach. In addition, before using traditional medicine, you should consult your doctor.

Strengthening methods

Most people believe that heartburn is caused by overeating. The stomach cannot contain all the food and some of it remains in the lower part of the esophagus.

Decreased activity of sphincters

A decrease in the tone of smooth muscles directly leads to the fact that the valve of the esophagus does not close (we will find out the treatment later). Wherein food boluses move back to the upper alimentary canal. This condition has manifestations of a different nature and depends on where the reduced tone is localized - in the lower or upper part.

Decreased tone is directly affected parasympathetic system, as well as a decrease in the impulses of the nerve fibers of the sympathetic part.

Preventive measures

You need to teach yourself to eat fractionally. Those. servings should not be more than 250 gr. It is important to avoid overeating.
It is not recommended to drink coffee, eat onions and garlic. It is worth excluding fatty, fried, soda and alcohol. Mint tea, chocolate, and citrus fruits should also be kept to a minimum.
You can't eat before bed. It is worth avoiding stress immediately after a meal.
Tobacco addiction must be eliminated.
It is important to avoid tight clothes. Eliminate tight jeans, belts and other clothing that squeezes the organs.
It is always necessary to undergo medical examinations.
If signs of pathology appear, you should immediately go to the doctor.

radiography. A barium contrast solution is used. The picture will show that the outlet of the esophagus and stomach does not close well;
gastrofibroscopy. Allows you to examine the condition of the mucous membrane from the inside;
pH-metry to determine the degree of acidity of gastric juice;
CT scan. In the absence of an opportunity to make an x-ray;
ultrasound examination of the abdominal organs.

Preventing insufficient work of the cardia of the stomach is not so difficult. Enough to stick to some activities.

Eat right. It is forbidden to overeat and starve for a long time. The last meal should be 2-3 hours before bedtime.
Drink a glass of warm water every morning on an empty stomach.
Do not allow the development of obesity. A person should be able to control his body weight. It is worth remembering that obesity adversely affects the work of all internal organs.
Make sure you get enough physical activity. In this case, you can not overload your body.
Timely undergo examination of the gastrointestinal tract.
Give up addictions in the form of smoking, alcohol abuse, fast food, convenience foods.
Do not lift heavy objects. If the work involves heavy loads, then it is better to find something easier.
Do not rush to take medication without consulting a doctor. Even if there are symptoms of cardia insufficiency, it is necessary to undergo an examination, and only after an accurate diagnosis is made, treatment should be carried out.

It is possible to prevent the development of this disease if you follow a diet. Avoid irritation of the esophageal mucosa and do not delay a visit to the doctor. If you do not pay attention to the problem in a timely manner, then serious complications develop at the advanced stage. This can only mean one thing - the formation of erosions and ulcers on the mucous membrane of the esophagus.

It is not difficult to prevent cardia insufficiency. To do this, it is necessary to comply with and comply with following rules:

Proper and regular nutrition. It is strictly not allowed to overeat, starve for a long time. The last meal should be 2, and even better - 3 hours before bedtime.
Prevention of the development of obesity. A person must learn to control body weight. It must be remembered that obesity adversely affects the functioning of all organs of the body.
Sufficient physical activity is the key to the normal development of the digestive system.
Must pass diagnostic examinations work of the gastrointestinal tract and be treated on time.
Food must be healthy. It is strictly forbidden to eat unhealthy foods.
Alcoholic drinks and smoking should be avoided.
It is undesirable to lift heavy objects and bend over. In any case, all this should be avoided.
There is no need to rush to relieve symptoms such as stomach pain and heartburn with appropriate drugs. It is better to consult a doctor to determine exact reason such phenomena.

Timely access to a doctor allows you to prevent the development of insufficiency of the cardia of the stomach and keep the system of the gastrointestinal tract healthy and fully functioning.

Useful video

In conditions such as insufficiency of the lower esophageal sphincter, the esophageal sphincter does not close, treatment should be comprehensive. Useful information from experts is given in this video.

You must constantly remember about proper nutrition. In modern life, there is often not enough time for food, and the entire shaft of products sinks like a stone into the stomach in the late evening. If you plan your day correctly and think through all the stages of work, then you can definitely carve out time for food. Try to eat small portions, but more often. If you need to eat a hearty meal, drink water in small sips while eating. The water will wash away the acid from the walls of the esophagus. It is desirable to drink clean water or mineral water without gas. Carbon dioxide increases the acidity of gastric juice.
It is important to eat not only regularly, but also correctly. Eliminate from the diet all types of foods rich in fat: butter, cakes and pastries. It is necessary to ensure an adequate intake of protein, however, meat, fish or poultry should be lean and should not be cooked fried, but boiled. If possible, you need to limit the use of strong tea, coffee, chocolate. It is not recommended to eat a lot of citrus fruits, tomatoes, onions and garlic. Anything containing menthol or mint should also be avoided, as these can also trigger heartburn.
From my own experience, sweeteners can also cause heartburn.
You should not abuse alcohol. It is necessary to limit the use of beer, lemonade, milkshakes, sparkling wines and all other drinks that can accumulate gases in the stomach. Avoid "porous" foods such as pancakes, biscuits, soufflés, and whipped cream.
Be careful with your clothes. Loosen a tight belt, replace the belt with suspenders - this will reduce the symptoms of heartburn.
Try to lose excess weight. Compliance with soft balanced diet get rid of fat folds on the abdomen, heaviness in the legs, etc. heartburn.
If you feel the need to lie down after eating, raise the headboard with a pillow by 10 - 15 cm. Although the habit of sleeping or lying down immediately after eating is extremely harmful and usually ends in obesity.
If the cause of heartburn is neurosis, then a psychotherapist or psychologist will help.
If you are prescribed medications, be sure to ask if they have any adverse effects. side effects on the stomach.
Do not lift heavy weights, especially if this involves tension in the abdominal muscles, and women should not carry grocery bags that weigh more than 10 kilograms on both hands.

7 Folk remedies

In order to establish the work of the sphincter, you need to connect useful folk remedies to the methods of official medicine.

Recipe 1

The main symptoms of the disease

During the treatment of the sphincter of the stomach and esophagus, many people ask themselves the question: "Is it possible to play sports?"

In fact, with this pathology, exercise is an important measure of therapeutic therapy.

Of course, you should not rely solely on sports, but if you combine it with a diet, medicines and traditional medicine, then the sphincter will soon come into tone, the body as a whole will strengthen.

As for the nuances, you need to act in accordance with a special training plan that will take into account the severity of the pathology and the physical fitness of the patient.

In fact, scientists have been able to prove in studies that people who exercise regularly suffer from malfunctioning of the esophageal valve much less often than those who lead a sedentary lifestyle and are overweight.

If the body mass index is above 30, then such people most often become patients of gastroenterologists than those who have a BMI of 18.5-25.

With the course of the pathology, moderate exercise will help to remove the symptoms or reduce the intensity of its manifestation.

Regular therapeutic and preventive gymnastics should not be in excessive amounts. You can’t exercise if you have recently eaten.

You need to make a schedule taking into account the diet. Some foods are better not to eat before class.

It is better to give preference to easily digestible carbohydrate foods that have a minimum content of proteins or fats.

Do not lean on foods that can cause belching or heartburn, and even more so before starting a workout.

During treatment, intense exercise is not recommended. This is aerobics, crossfit, speed running.

The thing is that the stomach will shake, in fact, like the contents in it, which can provoke an uncomfortable sensation.

It is necessary to give preference to those complexes that will help the body stay in a “smooth” position.

Such loads include an exercise bike or cycling, skating, jogging, yoga, stepping.

It is better to give up exercises in the prone position, for example, Pilates or workouts in the gym - bench press. This contributes to the reflux of the contents of the stomach into the cavity of the esophageal tube.

During the training session, you need to drink water. It will stimulate the work of the digestive tract, help the organs to come into tone.

Summarizing the above, it is worth noting that there are no sports that would be prohibited in pathology, when the valve of the stomach and esophagus ceased to close tightly.