Protection after 45. Basic rules for the use of birth control pills. The best birth control pills

The ability of a woman to give birth is the greatest gift of nature, but, like any gift, it passes with time. Fading begins after 35 years, which is associated with hormonal imbalance and changes monthly cycle. Today, the reproductive age is increasing, and if a woman could not give birth at a certain age, now she gives birth even after 50. In this aspect, contraceptives become relevant after 45 years. After all, even during menopause in the ovaries of a woman there are eggs that can cause offspring. The gynecologist will tell you in detail about which contraception after 45 is the most optimal.

Choice of birth control after 45

Before choosing a contraceptive after 45 years of age, some factors must be considered:

The tool must be effective.
All possible risks and side effects of the drug are taken into account
Sexual activity of a woman
Own preferences
Diseases of the body

Variety of contraceptives for women 45 years old

Contraceptives for women after 45 are distinguished by the duration of action, some are short, others are long, and others are permanent.

To contraceptives short term actions include combined oral contraceptives (COCs). They have proven their effectiveness for a long time, which is about 99%, subject to the recommendations of the doctor. So birth control pills after 45 years contain hormones that block the release of an egg and thereby prevent pregnancy. They are also able to reduce pain during menstruation, and also reduce the risk of developing oncology. But, as in any methods, they also have their drawbacks, which consist in the development of a small thrombosis.

For problems with cardiovascular system, in the presence of strokes, migraines in the past, these drugs should not be taken, and it is better to inform your gynecologist about this. Problems can be in the presence of diabetes, overweight, increased blood pressure or the presence of other diseases and this should be considered before taking oral contraceptives after 45 years.

Barrier Methods

Widely used this contraception after 45 years and is represented by male or female condoms, caps, diaphragms. All these means of protection prevent the male seed from entering the uterine cavity. The effectiveness of these funds reaches 98%, subject to all the rules of use. When using these funds, there are no risks and side effects, they are available and protect against sexually transmitted diseases.

Long acting contraception

Such contraceptives after 45 years are widely represented by special injections, which are gradually delivered in dosed portions to the body. The effect of such injections is 99% and they work the same way as birth control pills at 45 years old. That's just the drug should be ingested every 8-12 days. The advantage is that there is no need to constantly take pills, but the disadvantage is the violation of menstruation.

It is best not to use birth control after age 45 if you have had a stroke, heart attack, or increased blood clots in the past. Hormones also negatively affect the state of inert tissue, which becomes more fragile.

Implants

These contraceptives are represented by a small device that is placed under the skin and from it the hormone (progesterone) is gradually released into the body. Efficiency when applied is 99%, the mechanism of action is the same as when injected. But during implantation it is necessary to use local anesthesia.

Spirals

Spirals are products made of plastic or copper, which are placed by the doctor in the uterine cavity. Active this system for 5 years or more. The system prevents the egg and sperm from meeting, and the copper kills the sperm. During the first six months, it is possible minor bleeding, which is a side effect.

Sterilization

This method belongs to permanent methods, and is more reliable than hormonal contraceptives after 45 years. After this procedure, germ cells do not leave the organs where they are formed. Before applying this method well worth thinking about. It is recommended only in the presence of a disease, from the reproductive system or general somatic, in which pregnancy can threaten the life of a woman.

HUMAN SEXUALITY begins in childhood and continues throughout life. Young people's idea of a sex-free middle-aged and older life is fading as people move from one age group to another. Many young people of 20-25 years of age, having received confirmation that their parents are continuing their sexual life (as evidenced by condoms in their father's bedside table or an exciting lubricant gel hidden in their mother's dresser), come to extreme amazement: how can they to do, they are already old? And the news that the “old woman” - mother became pregnant at the age of 40 and even wants to give birth to a brother, generally causes a storm of negative emotions: shame on them! (Well, why be ashamed? It would be funny to look at young grandchildren at that moment if they knew that grandparents close to the age of sixty are also not alien to many of the joys of life, including lovemaking. Although in recent times it became noticeable that gradually society began to treat with favor the idea that sex life in middle and older age continues, in most cases it is a welcome and joyful form of communication.

Most women have already formed a family by the age of 40. And the most frequently asked question they ask: how to properly protect yourself from an unplanned pregnancy. The choice of contraceptive method for women over 40-45 years of age is difficult task, since at this age almost everyone has some kind of disease. Therefore, in each case it is done individually.

I want to remind you that the fading of ovarian function begins at the age of 40, but the possibility of pregnancy remains quite high, since even after the cessation of menstruation, follicles with eggs can remain in the ovaries for 3-5 years. So after last menstrual period it is necessary to be protected for another 1-2 years.

One of the most simple ways, which is preferred by many of my patients 44-55 years old is barrier methods of contraception. Many couples refuse to use condoms at this age. The most commonly used spermicides are chemical substances, making sperm inactive in the vagina and preventing it from passing into the uterus. They are available in the form of various tablets, suppositories, creams, sponges, etc., which are inserted into the vagina with a finger or a special conductor 5-20 minutes before intercourse (this is necessary in order for them to melt). For one sexual intercourse, a single application of spermicide is sufficient, and for each subsequent intercourse, additional administration of spermicide is necessary. The best known are Pharmaginex, Erotek, Patentexoval, etc. Their advantages are that they are easy to use, their action is short-term, does not cause side effects on the entire body, and provides some protection against many STIs (gonorrhea, trichomoniasis, chlamydia, HIV infection). ) and reduce the risk of developing inflammatory diseases pelvic organs. Unfortunately, sometimes they can cause an allergic reaction and are less effective than hormonal and intrauterine contraceptives.

Intrauterine device (IUD). There are no maximum age restrictions for the Navy. During the entire period until a woman is able to become pregnant, she can use the IUD in the absence of contraindications. But by the age of 50, cases of removal of the IUD due to bleeding become more frequent. In addition, at this age, uterine fibroids and other diseases of the female genital area are often diagnosed. Therefore, at the age of over 40 years, the Mirena IUD is recommended, which has a therapeutic effect. It can stay in the uterine cavity for up to 5 years. The IUD must be removed one year after the cessation of menstruation, not later, since in the subsequent period, the removal of the IUD is much more difficult due to narrowing cervical canal.

Birth control pills(oral contraceptives) is convenient. No need to calculate the schedule, the cycle becomes regular, and the menstruation itself is almost painless. The risk of taking birth control pills for women's health is 10 times or more lower than the risk of complications during abortion. Modern! preparations (Yarina, Logest, Novinet, Femoden) are safe for health, the content of hormones in them is minimal. They not only protect against pregnancy, but also have a positive effect on health: they reduce the likelihood | ectopic pregnancy, inflammatory diseases of the pelvic organs, the occurrence of uterine and breast cancer, ovarian tumors,

Gestagen contraception. Tablet preparations (excluson, microlut) are taken constantly, without interruption, for a long time. Injectable drugs(Depo Provera) are administered intramuscularly once every 3 months. They are effective at pathological processes in the uterus and mammary glands, are well tolerated and do not increase the risk of cardiovascular disease. Recommended for women over 35-40 years old, smoking women, as well as after childbirth during breastfeeding. Against the background of taking these drugs, spotting spotting from the genital tract may sometimes appear, which pass on their own or with the help of medical appointments.

Sterilization. The method is used in many countries, and its popularity is growing. it surgical intervention, during which the fallopian tubes are cut, after which restoration reproductive function becomes impossible. The operation is performed using laparoscopy, i.e. bloodless operation no big slit on the front abdominal wall. Similar operations are carried out in all regional centers and in Minsk. For a referral, please contact your local doctor. antenatal clinic.

And in conclusion, I want to give some advice to those women who have already passed the menopause period, but sexual relations continue. Many of them complain about the dryness of the vaginal mucosa, and therefore, during intercourse, they experience extremely discomfort. In order to avoid such problems, it is enough to inject Ovestin or Estriol-M candles once a week at night. The mucosa of the external genital organs "rejuvenates", and the above symptoms disappear. If this is not enough, then you can use a lubricant gel, which also eliminates unpleasant and painful sensations during intercourse with insufficient moisture in the mucous membranes. The gel does not contain dyes, does not cause allergies, is easily washed off, does not stain linen, may contain plant extracts that enhance desire and stimulate sexual arousal.

Oksana Ledoshchuk, obstetrician-gynecologist, Polyclinic No. 2, Minsk

The choice of a method of contraception in women over the age of 45, i.e., in the so-called "transitional" period, is often a very difficult task due to the peculiarities of this age period, associated with the inevitable processes of gradual extinction of ovarian function, the presence of a number of gynecological and extragenital diseases, the appearance of vegetovascular and other early symptoms of menopause.

Despite the fact that in this age period fertility is declining, cases of childbirth in women over 45 are not so rare. According to statistics, countries Western Europe up to 30% of women aged 45-54 have regular menstrual cycle and are fertile. At the same time, against the background regular rhythm menstruation, the frequency of ovulatory cycles reaches 70-95%, and with oligomenorrhea - up to 34%. By this age, many women are already deciding the number of children in the family; situations such as remarriage, accidents with children and the need for childbirth are rare. In most cases, the onset of pregnancy makes you think about abortion.

Abortions in premenopausal women are much more likely to be accompanied by various complications; the frequency of the latter is two to three times higher than in women of reproductive age. Often after an abortion, inflammatory diseases of the genital organs, complications associated with the presence of uterine fibroids, endometriosis, and exacerbation of extragenital pathology occur. It has been proven that an abortion performed in the "transitional" period often provokes severe course climacteric syndrome and is the background for the development of hyperplastic processes in the target organs - the uterus and mammary glands.

When choosing a method of contraception in this age period, in addition to the need for reliable abortion prevention, the question arises of how to avoid affecting metabolic processes who have undergone (or are undergoing) age-related changes on the background high sensitivity the female body to exogenous influences. Prevention and treatment initial symptoms climacteric syndrome and, if possible, slowing down the aging process are among the main tasks of contraception at this age.

Of course, hormonal contraceptives (HC) are the most promising in this regard, but before the advent of modern hormonal agents, including microdosed drugs and releasing systems, the use of HC was associated with a number of problems.

Hormonal contraception over the 40-year period of its development has established itself not only as one of the most effective ways to prevent pregnancy, but also as a new, promising area of medicine. Oral contraceptives (OCs) are widely used throughout the world. AT last years more and more new combined oral contraceptives (COCs) are being developed.

At the end of the 80s. OK were synthesized with a higher progestogen selectivity for progesterone receptors - these are desogestrel, norgestemate and gestodene.

Recent studies have shown that modern microdosed drugs latest generation have no or minimal metabolic effect on female body. In view of this, they can be used by non-smoking women after 40 years of age in the absence of risk factors associated with hypercoagulability (WHO, 1996). Such risk factors when using any type of hormonal contraception include, first of all, cardiovascular diseases, liver disease, heavy smoking in combination with the use of COCs.

It should be remembered that hormonal contraceptives are contraindicated in the presence of a history of thromboembolism, cardiovascular pathology, severe diabetes mellitus, malignant neoplasms of the reproductive system.

In the absence of these contraindications, microdosed preparations can be used quite widely. They are not only highly reliable, but also have a protective effect, including the symptoms of menopausal syndrome, which are quickly stopped.

Known positive influence estrogen on brain function and emotional condition in women in perimenopause. In addition, numerous studies have confirmed the positive effects of oral contraceptives on cognitive processes, improving memory and mood. It was found that the estrogen component of OK reduces the concentration of monoamine oxidase (MAO), which leads to an increase in serotonin levels, as well as brain excitability, and thereby improves mood.

We have studied the efficacy and possibility of using the microdosed combined oral contraceptive (COC) novinet in premenopausal women.

Novinet is a microdosed COC containing 20 micrograms of ethinylestradiol and 0.150 mg of desogestrel. The composition of the drug includes a third-generation progestogen, which is a derivative of levonorgestrel, desogestrel, which has high selectivity for progesterone receptors and high progestogenic activity.

A distinctive feature of the drug is the minimum content of the estrogen component, which significantly reduces the risk of estrogen-dependent side effects.

Under the influence of the drug, there is mainly a prevention of the release of FSH and LH, which prevents the process of ovulation. The effect is enhanced by increasing the viscosity cervical mucus which makes it difficult for sperm to enter the uterine cavity.

Under our supervision there were 35 somatic healthy women from 44 to 47 years ( average age 45.4+0.4 years) who have no contraindications to hormonal contraception.

In addition to the general clinical study, we measured blood pressure (BP) and body weight, blood tests for hemostasis and lipid spectrum, extended colposcopy, cytological examination smears from the surface of the cervix and cervical canal, ultrasound procedure pelvic organs.

Dynamic monitoring of patients was carried out every three, six and 12 months from the start of contraception. Menstrual cycle disorders were not detected, only in six (17.1%) patients the cycle duration was reduced to 21 days, which, apparently, is associated with hormonal changes in the body.

During the treatment, not a single case of pregnancy was registered, i.e., the contraceptive efficacy of the drug was 100%. Novinet had a regulating effect on the menstrual cycle, which was expressed in the establishment of a cycle duration of 25-27 days in all patients. Average duration menstrual cycle was 27.5 + 0.3 days.

Menstrual-like reactions lasted 3.4+0.3 days, scanty menstrual-like discharge was observed in three (8.6%) women.

Eight women met adverse reactions: in the form of intermenstrual bleeding (two cases), breast engorgement (six cases).

All adverse reactions disappeared within the first two to three months of COC use and did not require therapeutic measures.

In four women who experienced physical discomfort (weakness), emotional discomfort ( Bad mood) before the appointment of contraception recorded a significant improvement in the second month from the start of contraception. It should be noted that four patients with premenstrual syndrome after three months of using Novinet, a positive effect was also observed.

While taking the drug, there were no significant changes in body weight.

The initial indicators of the blood lipid spectrum in patients before the use of Novinet were normal. After 12 months, there was a trend towards an increase in HDL levels, which have anti-atherogenic potential, and a decrease in LDL, which have atherogenic potential.

The conducted studies also testified to the absence of negative dynamics of changes in the blood coagulation system.

Studies of the state of the cervix when using the complex most informative methods studies did not reveal any pathological changes.

Thus, the results of the study indicate that the modern microdose COC novinet is a highly effective contraceptive, well tolerated by women of premenopausal age, does not have a significant effect on blood pressure, body weight, blood lipid spectrum and hemostasis, and also allows to achieve therapeutic effect in patients with premenstrual syndrome and women experiencing emotional discomfort due to age-related (hormonal) changes in the body.

V. N. Prilepskaya, doctor medical sciences, Professor
N. M. Nazarova
NCAGiP RAMS, Moscow

On the shelves of pharmacies a wide range of. Many women during their reproductive years prefer birth control pills, considering them convenient to use and reliable to use.

An important aspect is that if you wish, you can easily refuse them. It is very important that when choosing a drug, the lady does not forget to take into account her age. In this post, we'll take a look at which ones to use.

Normally, in women after 45 years, the menopause starts, which gynecologists romantically call golden autumn.

There are such main phases of this life stage:

- begins with the first climacteric manifestations.
It is characterized by a gradual decrease in the production of sex hormones by the ovaries. The lady's menstrual cycle begins to change. In this phase, only part of the cycles occurs with ovulation. Therefore, it is harder for a woman to become pregnant than before, but the likelihood of this event is still high.
- This is the last independent menstruation in a woman.
Normally they come in 50 years. They can only be determined retrospectively. A gynecologist diagnoses a woman's menopause when there has been no menstruation for 12 months.
- the final phase, in which the ovaries completely stop their work, and menstruation no longer comes.
The body reorganizes its work under low level sex hormones.

Classification hormonal contraceptives.

When the first symptoms of menopause appear before the age of forty, they talk about early menopause. With timely and competent treatment, it is possible to delay early menopause. If menopause occurs after 55 years, then doctors diagnose late menopause. Many of the fair sex are interested in whether contraception is needed during menopause or whether it is already possible to stop using protection.

Since follicles with eggs remain in the ovaries for 3-5 years after the cessation of menstruation, the World Health Organization has developed clear recommendations for women in this regard.

If menopause occurs in a lady under 50 years old, then contraception should be used for another 2 years. When menopause has come to a woman after 50 years, then you need to protect yourself for 1 year of the absence of menstruation.

Classification of contraceptive pills

All contraceptives in the form of tablets are divided into two groups: hormonal and non-hormonal.

The first group, in turn, is divided into subgroups:

Combined oral contraceptives or COCs for short.
They include artificial analogues of female sex hormones -. The pharmaceutical market includes monophasic, biphasic and triphasic drugs. All tablets of a monophasic agent contain the same amount of estrogens and progestogen. There are 2 types of tablets in the package of biphasic preparations. They differ from each other different amount gestagens. At the same time, they have the same amount of estrogen. A three-phase hormonal agent has 3 types of tablets, which differ among themselves in different amounts of progestogen and estrogen in the composition.
Gestagen oral contraceptives (OGC), which have the second name of mini-pills.
They contain only gestagen - an analogue female hormone progesterone.

Modern hormonal contraceptive pills incorporate microdoses of estrogen and progestogen. Non-hormonal pills are not taken orally, but are inserted into the vagina immediately before sexual intercourse. Before opting for any drug, you should consult with a gynecologist.

What drugs should be preferred during premenopause

Types of drugs for contraception.

During the premenopausal stage, hormonal changes. This leads to the appearance of menopausal symptoms: irritability, nervousness, tearfulness, headaches, etc.

Only in some female representatives, the manifestations of menopause are of little intensity and do not cause much discomfort. Most women require medical attention.

Contraceptive pills contain sex hormones, namely, a decrease in their level provokes menopausal symptoms. In addition, such drugs suppress the hormonal function of the ovaries, and thereby prepare the body of the lady for the natural extinction of their activity.

It is important to bear in mind that sex hormones at the stage of premenopause are needed by a woman only in a certain amount. Therefore, you can not use the same contraceptives as in young age. After all, they contain high doses of progestogen and estrogen. During premenopause, doctors prescribe birth control pills for women, which contain small doses of hormones.

When a woman has neoplasms in the mammary glands or organs of the reproductive system, then she is prescribed contraceptive pills without estrogen. Thus, well-chosen preparations by a gynecologist protect a woman from a pregnancy that is quite possible at this stage, and also smooth out menopausal manifestations, avoiding complications.

Expert opinion

Alexandra Yurievna

Doctor general practice, associate professor, teacher of obstetrics, work experience 11 years.

Taking birth control pills must be under medical supervision. Sometimes, in the background hormonal adjustment the body may produce an unpredictable reaction and a replacement of the drug will be required.

Indications for taking birth control pills

For women over 45 who have no contraindications, it is advisable to take combined microdose contraceptives. Estrogen tablets not only have a high degree of protection against unplanned pregnancy and reduce the intensity of menopausal manifestations, but also have an antiandrogenic effect.

With the onset of premenopause, the amount of male sex hormones androgens increases. As a result of such changes, a woman begins to grow hair along male type: above upper lip, on the chin, abdomen, thighs and even back. The skin becomes oily and thicker.

When estrogens are included in the drug, they increase the level of the hormone in the woman's blood and prevent the described changes in appearance. This is the antiandrogenic effect. They also reduce the risk of developing concomitant diseases in menopause: osteoporosis, atherosclerosis and others. Their reception prevents the appearance of neoplasms in the uterus and appendages.

Contraindications to hormonal contraception

Benefits of using combined oral contraceptives.

Hormonal contraceptive pills are contraindicated for a woman in such cases:

With insulin-dependent diabetes. In a patient with such a diagnosis, the vessels are not in the best condition. Taking contraceptives will only aggravate the situation.
When there are cardiovascular diseases, as well as after a stroke or heart attack. Sex hormones increase blood viscosity, which can provoke an intensive development of the disease or complications.
Diagnosed liver failure. This disease affects metabolism and hormonal levels.
Obesity. Hormones contribute to the appearance of additional fat folds.
The lady smokes heavily. This bad habit leads to vasoconstriction and, accordingly, slowing down blood flow. Taking hormones can lead to the formation of blood clots and thus provoke disturbances in the work of the heart.

List of the best funds

We bring to your attention the names of the best birth control pills after 45 years.

These are monophasic combined microdosed preparations.

Yarina

Yarina - produced by the German company Schering. The tablets are intended for women of any age who have no contraindications to taking hormonal contraception. But due to the fact that the remedy, apart from reliable protection from unwanted pregnancy has properties that affect appearance, then they are especially effective in menopause.

Due to the antimineralocorticoid and antiandrogenic properties of the tablets, hidden hormone-dependent edema will disappear in the lady, excess weight will not appear, and the fat content of the skin and hair will also decrease. The composition of Yarina includes microdoses of active substances: 30 μg of ethinylestradiol, an estrogen analogue, and 3 mg of drospirenone, a progesterone analogue.

Femoden is a preparation of the German company Bayer Weimar GmbH and Co. The tablets are intended for women who have not yet gone through menopause. In addition to a high degree of protection against unplanned pregnancy, the drug reduces the risk of developing malignant neoplasm in the uterus and ovaries.

In a lady taking the remedy, the cycle becomes regular, and the pain during menstruation decreases, which is important in initial phase with climax. The main active substances of the tablets are analogs of sex hormones: ethinylestradiol 30 mcg and gestodene 75 mcg.

Logest is an effective drug produced by the French company Delpharm Lille S.A.S. for the German company Bayer Pharma AG. It reliably protects the lady, reduces the pain of menstruation and reduces the likelihood of cancer of the uterus, ovaries and mammary glands, as well as ovarian cysts and inflammatory diseases of the reproductive system. The tool has such basic active substances: ethinylestradiol - 0.02 mg and gestodene - 0.075 mg.

All ladies who take these drugs for menopause note that they are very good. Firstly, they are convenient to take - you do not need to keep track of which pills to drink. After all, they are all the same. Secondly, the funds reliably protect against unplanned pregnancy, and the delay in taking the pill for 12 hours does not reduce the effectiveness of protection.

Thirdly, the drugs contain microdoses of artificial hormones. Therefore, in most women they do not cause any side effects. Some women note a short time side effects in the form of a decrease in libido, stool disorders and others. Over time, they pass. Fourthly, all the ladies noticed an improvement in their appearance. Many are pleased to note that their breast volume has increased, which has become a pleasant bonus.

Outcome

Women over 45 should definitely protect themselves. Monophasic combined contraceptive pills are an effective and convenient means of contraception. Their choice should be made together with the gynecologist and taken under his constant supervision.

Preparations Yarina, Femoden and Logest give a high contraceptive effect, improve appearance, stop the manifestations of menopause, and also prevent the appearance of neoplasms in the mammary gland, ovaries and uterus. We wish you good health!

It's hard to say how barbaric modern methods contraception will be considered by our descendants, because the most progressive and safe contraceptives of two hundred years ago look today as an instrument of torture. It is known, for example, that in the Middle Ages, women put iron caps on the cervix, lubricated it with a solution of mercury and lead, and inserted pessaries made of steel wire into it and caused infection and bedsores. reproductive organs. At different times and different countries contraceptives were repeatedly banned by the authorities, then by the church, so devices such as a vaginal syringe or vaginal douche, which were used to cleanse the internal female organs, periodically appeared on the market.

Current contraceptives promote the principle of safety and guaranteed protection against unwanted pregnancy. Justified and approved official medicine contraceptives of three types: physiological, barrier and medication.

Barrier. Prevent sperm from entering the uterus. The most famous barrier contraceptive is the condom (both male and female). Other barrier contraceptives are intrauterine devices, contraceptive sponges, cervical caps, and spermicides.
Physiological. Involved in sexual intercourse certain days female cycle when the risk of getting pregnant is minimal. Another method physiological control- PPA method (coitus interruptus).
Medical. Presented by pills, as well as vaginal rings and spirals that release hormones that block the onset of ovulation.

When prescribing a certain method of contraception to a woman, gynecologists often give her the opportunity to choose independently. suitable remedy from a number of similar ones. But how to do this if the same drug has dozens of analogues that are identical in composition and mode of action? The rating of the best contraceptives takes into account the opinion of other women, the cost of drugs, the correspondence between the expected effect and the real one, as well as the presence of additional benefits and side effects.

Please note that the information below is not a buying guide. Consultation needed with a specialist!

There are contraindications. Check with your doctor.

The best birth control pills

It has long been proven that a prolonged absence of pregnancy can disrupt a woman's health, provoking hormonal disbalance, as well as mental and organ diseases associated with it. The Frenchman Verne Bullo, a historian by profession, spoke about this back in the 19th century: “If a woman is not regularly pregnant, she will suffer from hysteria and from a whole category somatic symptoms, stimulating almost any kind physical illness or mental condition.” At the same time, unwanted pregnancies and abortions can cause as much harm to a woman as prolonged absence of pregnancy.

Hormonal contraceptives are chosen by millions of women around the world as the preferred method of contraception. They do not affect the sensations during intercourse and are guaranteed to protect against unwanted pregnancy and the consequences of its absence. The action of hormonal contraceptives is based on the prevention of ovulation. Scientists have calculated that at the time of birth, the girl's ovaries contain about 1 million follicles that can become eggs, and by the age of 37 there are only 25,000 of them. Hormonal drugs do not allow the body to ovulate, so the woman's ovarian reserve remains full. Meanwhile, hormonal pills have not only advantages, but also an impressive list of side effects, often life-threatening.

3 Lactinet

The best contraceptive for adult women
Country: Hungary
Average price: 675 rubles.
Rating (2018): 4.6

Unlike Jess and Marvelon, Lactinet contains the only active substance- desogestrel. Belongs to the category of mini-pills (drugs containing a minimum amount of hormones). Lactinet mini-pills are often prescribed for lactating women with an active menstrual cycle, as well as for those women who are contraindicated in combined OK. Lactinet is one of the few oral contraceptives prescribed for women who smoke, as well as women over 45 years of age.

Another feature of the Hungarian OK is that its protective effect against unwanted pregnancy is somewhat lower than that of modern COCs. For this reason, the drug is not recommended for use by women in the active reproductive age(up to 30 years). Other than that, it's pretty efficient. contraceptive, which has less than modern pills, a list of contraindications and side effects.

Advantages:

allowed during lactation;
does not affect weight gain;
suitable for those who are intolerant to synthetic estrogens.

Flaws:

provokes the occurrence of mastopathy;
violates the menstrual cycle during the reception;
causes depression;
causes nausea at the beginning of the course.

2 Marvelon

The cheapest tool
Country: Netherlands
Average price: 1,425 rubles.
Rating (2018): 4.8

Combined contraceptive drug from the Dutch company Organon. Approved for use by women over 35 years of age, as it contains a reduced amount of active ingredients. In addition to the contraceptive effect, it normalizes the volume of secretions and eliminates pain syndrome during menstruation. Can be used as a remedy emergency contraception but not more than once every 6 months. The effectiveness of Marvelon as a postcoital agent does not exceed 80%.

According to women taking Marvelon, the drug has Negative influence on the ability to get pregnant in the case of its long-term use, therefore, it is recommended to drink these pills in courses. Considering increased risk the occurrence of thrombosis, before taking the drug, it is recommended to be examined by a hematologist, hepatologist and vascular surgeon.

Advantages:

is inexpensive;
normalizes the cycle;
increases libido.

Flaws:

causes acne;
thickens the blood;
increases appetite.

1 Jess

The best birth control pills
Country: Germany
Average price: 922 rubles.
Rating (2018): 4.9

Jess is a combined oral contraceptive from the German pharmaceutical company Bayer. The active ingredients are drospirenone and ethinylestradiol. Used to protect against unwanted pregnancy severe forms PMS and also for acne treatment. The contraceptive effect of the pills is based on blocking ovulation and changing the quality of cervical mucus, which becomes too thick for sperm to move.

Unlike other COCs with the same active ingredient, the Jess formula has been improved: it uses the latest (4th) generation drospirone, and each tablet contains 1.5 times less ethinylestradiol than other COCs. For this reason, Jess is less likely than other drugs to cause swelling, mastopathy and weight gain.

Advantages:

eliminates menstrual pain;
improves skin condition.

Flaws:

the cycle is restored for a long time after the completion of the Jess course;
addictive;
reduces libido;
causes migraines.

The best birth control candles

Contraceptive suppositories belong to the category of spermicidal contraceptives. Operating principle chemical spermicides consists in the destruction of the membrane of spermatozoa: interacting with spermatozoa, the components of the drug destroy their membrane, separate the head from the tail, depriving them of the ability to move. Especially strong spermatozoa, however, are still able to get to the egg and fertilize it. This can be fraught with the birth of a child with certain physical deformities. Such a relationship has not been proven, but many women testify to this. It is not recommended to use such contraceptives regularly, because the acids contained in the candles can have a negative effect on the condition of the mucous membrane in the vagina, as well as on the cervix. Candles are not distinguished by the highest contraceptive ability. According to statistics, 15 out of 100 women who use birth control candles become pregnant within a year.

Thus, contraceptive suppositories are a convenient contraceptive option for women who have infrequent sex. Candles are ideal as an additional contraceptive - when the pill regimen has been violated or during the completion of lactation. The undoubted advantages of this method of contraception are the absence of a systemic effect on the body and the safety of intimate sensations.

3 Gynecotex

The best cost contraceptive candles
Country Russia
Average price: 140 rubles
Rating (2018): 4.7

Gynecotex suppositories use the same active ingredient as Pharmatex suppositories - benzalkonium chloride, so these products are similar. Fundamental difference Gynekotex from Pharmatex - in cost: Russian candles are about 3 times cheaper than German ones. Some women note that these suppositories dissolve somewhat worse in the vagina and give more foam.

Advantages:

are inexpensive;
do not cause burning;
protect against infections.

Flaws:

dissolve for a long time.

2 Patentex Oval

Most popular remedy
Country: Germany
Average price: 370 rubles.
Rating (2018): 4.5

The main active ingredient in Pantex Oval is nonoxynol. Included in many contraceptives as a lubricant: due to its spermicidal properties, it enhances contraceptive effect cervical caps, condoms, sponges and vaginal films. When interacting with a sperm cell, it damages its membrane, thereby depriving it of the ability to dissolve the egg cell membrane. The time required for the destruction of the spermatozoon is 40 seconds (10 times more than that of Pharmatex). The drug does not have bactericidal and antiviral properties, therefore it cannot be used as protection against STIs. There are studies proving that nonoxynol contributes to human morbidity with certain types of human papillomavirus.

Advantages:

effective;
quickly dissolve;
have a stimulating effect.

Flaws:

have an unpleasant odor;
cause itching;
foam excessively.

1 Pharmatex

The best birth control candles
Country: France
Average price: 349 rubles.
Rating (2018): 4.8

The main component of the drug is benzalkonium chloride. it medicine used in medicine since 1935. It has not only a contraceptive effect, but also an antiviral (protects against infection with viruses herpes simplex), antifungal and antiprotozoal. The substance has an instant effect on the sperm: its shell is completely destroyed within 10 seconds after contact with benzalkonium chloride. The rest of the drugs in this group require at least 30 seconds. Due to irritation of the mucous membrane of the vagina and cervix, the drug is able to increase the amount of secreted mucus, which has an additional contraceptive effect.

Advantages:

have a pleasant smell;
dissolve in 5 minutes;
protect against infections.

Flaws:

cause irritation;
poorly open;
provoke too a large number of mucus.

The best intrauterine contraceptive coils

The intrauterine device is a contraceptive that has been well known since the Ancient China. In the past, coils were made from aluminum wire and wood, but today they are made from hypoallergenic plastic impregnated with anti-inflammatory compounds. According to its action, the spiral refers to barrier, abortive and spermicidal agents at the same time.

Decreased fertility. The presence of an inflammatory process in the uterus contributes to the production of proteins that inhibit the maturation of the egg. As a result, ovulation is inhibited and fertilization does not occur.
abortive effect. Located inside the uterus, the spiral negatively affects the endometrium, inhibiting its growth and ability to accept a fertilized egg. In fact, the spiral provokes a miscarriage on early dates pregnancy.
spermicidal effect. In response to the located spiral, superficial inflammation occurs inside the uterus. As a result of inflammation, the alkaline environment in the uterus is replaced by an acidic environment that is detrimental to spermatozoa and contributes to their destruction. To increase the acidity of the intrauterine space, copper is additionally used in the spirals, which stimulates the release of an acid secret.
Barrier contraceptive effect. Inflammatory process causes irritation of the cervical canal, which, in turn, produces increased amount thick cervical mucus that prevents sperm from entering the uterus.

Intrauterine devices (IUDs) - reliable and effective method preventing unwanted pregnancy, which, however, is associated with the creation of a focus of chronic infection in the body.

3 Spiral Nova T

The most accessible hormonal spiral
Country: Germany (made in Finland)
Average price: 800 rubles.
Rating (2018): 4.6

Nova T is a non-hormonal coil shaped like the letter T. Its base is made of hypoallergenic plastic, which is wrapped with copper wire. Barium sulfate has been added to the plastic in order to enhance the radiotransmittance - it allows you to determine the position of the helix during an x-ray examination, if necessary.

Advantages:

not felt by partners during sex;
has an affordable price.

Flaws:

provokes copious discharge during menstruation;
increases pain during menstruation;
reduces sex drive.

2 Mirena

The best hormonal spiral
Country: Finland
Average price: 11500 rubles.
Rating (2018): 4.7

Mirena belongs to the category of hormone-containing spirals, therefore, the principle of its action is similar to that of hormonal pills. The fundamental difference is only in the way hormones are delivered to the body. True, according to some women, the hormonal spiral, unlike OK, does not cause increased appetite, does not provoke swelling and does not cause irritation of the digestive system. Like Multiload, Mirena is installed for 5 years.

Advantages:

normalizes the hormonal background;
inexpensive hormonal contraceptive;
reliably protects against pregnancy.

Flaws:

requires large one-time costs;
causes back pain
contraindicated in the presence of benign tumors.

1 Multiload

The best intrauterine device
Country: Ireland
Average price: 2800 rubles.
Rating (2018): 4.8

Multiload is a spiral made of plastic and copper. It looks like a rounded T with uneven surfaces that prevent the spiral from slipping out of the uterus. Aseptic inflammation in the uterus provokes a copper wire wrapped around a plastic carrier. Interacting with alkaline environment, copper wire releases about 30 micrograms of copper oxide daily. The contraceptive effect of Multiload lasts for 5 years.

Advantages:

reliably protects against pregnancy;
economical;
does not fall out.

Flaws:

provokes inflammation;
increases the duration of menstruation;
causes discomfort after installation.

The best barrier contraceptives

Barrier contraception is the oldest, cheapest, most versatile and common method of contraception. A typical representative of this category is the condom. Less known are contraceptive sponges and rings, cervical caps, vaginal films and diaphragms, as well as chemical barrier agents (candles, aerosols, gels). There are practically no contraindications to the use of these drugs, so they are ideal for those who have intolerance to OK or IUDs. Some of barrier contraceptives able to warn premature ejaculation in men, protect against STIs and allergic reactions on ejaculate in women. The main disadvantage of barrier agents is that they only work when they are used. Our rating includes the best barrier contraceptives - the Nuvaring ring and Pharmatex sponges.

2 Contraceptive sponges Pharmatex

The best spermicide
Country: France
Average price: 65 rubles.
Rating (2018): 4.7

Contraceptive sponges as barrier method used by women for many centuries: in ancient times they were sea sponges soaked in oils, and today they are polyurethane foam soaked in chemical spermicidal compounds. Pharmatex sponges use benzalkonium chloride as a spermicide. Unlike contraceptive suppositories, the sponge has not only a spermicidal effect, but also a mechanical one - it physically prevents the penetration of spermatozoa into the cervix. After installing the sponge, the partners can immediately begin the PA, and in the case of repeated sexual intercourse, they do not need to insert a new sponge into the vagina, as it retains its effect during the day.

Advantages:

does not flow;
convenient to enter;
long-term;
has a pleasant smell.

Flaws:

inconveniently removed;
hard to find in pharmacies.

1 Contraceptive ring Novaring

The best hormonal contraceptive
Country: Netherlands
Average price: 1050 rubles.
Rating (2018): 4.8

Novaring is one of the methods of hormonal contraception, which, however, uses a fundamentally different method of administering hormones - vaginal. Due to this, the hormone does not pass through the liver and organs of the gastrointestinal tract, therefore it does not affect them. negative impact. The ring releases the minimum required amount of the hormone throughout the day, which eliminates hormonal surges during the day (as is the case with oral contraceptives) and creates an even hormonal background. Another advantage of the tool is the confidentiality of its use: the ring is easy to install on your own, it is not felt during intercourse and does not require removal after. Duration of action - 3 weeks. After 21 days, the ring is removed, and after 7 days it is installed again.

Advantages:

set once a month;
does not cause nausea;
has less pronounced side effects compared to OK.

Flaws:

sometimes falls out when straining;
causes headache;
provokes the development of vaginitis;
allergic;
enhances appetite.