What fertilizer to apply in the fall to the beds. Features of fertilization in the garden plot in the fall. What essential substances can be used in the fall

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Fertilizers are introduced into the soil gradually. Immediately after harvesting, potash fertilizers must be applied. The areas where vegetables, greens, root crops will grow, especially early and greenhouse varieties, are heavily fertilized with phosphorus. It is not recommended to apply pure nitrogen fertilizers in autumn - they are quickly washed out, it is better to lay nitrogen in the form of organic matter for the winter: compost, manure, tops of legumes and cruciferous crops. To avoid unnecessary trouble, we recommend using ready-made complexes for autumn application.​

Fertilizing the soil in autumn

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How to feed strawberries in the fall. Gardening experience.

The next one is one month after flowering, when young shoots begin to grow;

Humus - 2 small buckets per pit;

• With weak growth and development of strawberry bushes in early summer (late May - early June), apply liquid nitrogen fertilizer (dilute 20 g of ammonium nitrate in a bucket of water; a bucket of solution is spent on 10 - 20 plants).
• They also cover the aisles with rotted cow manure and create a nutritious mulch cover that will feed strawberries for several years. the same can be done with near-trunk circles of trees and shrubs.
• Organic infusion (dilute one glass of wood ash in ten liters of water).

Preparing fertilizer for strawberries

There is hardly a gardener who would not dream of a big harvest. Considerable efforts are invested in achieving this goal, because only weeds grow well on the site without difficulty.

Fertilizer can be applied deep under plowing with special equipment, scattered superficially, and then dug up, poured locally into root holes, and also injected in liquid form during irrigation. Potassium and phosphorus fertilizer substances are laid during digging to a depth of 18-22 cm. Tape and local application reduces the leaching of substances in the soil, effectively with a limited amount of mineral fertilizers. When watering, it is very easy to fertilize with ready-made soluble complexes like "BioMaster Autumn". In regions with low precipitation in liquid form, it is permissible to add additional nitrogen.​

vegetable oil (heavy fried) - 50 ml or 3 tbsp. spoons;

Bird droppings for autumn strawberry feeding

- You can apply dry potassium salt (20 g) and superphosphates (10 g), scattering them between plants or diluting them in 10 liters of water. But it is impossible to water the bushes themselves with such a solution, only between the beds;

mullein and bird droppings

"Nitrofoska" - potassium-nitrogen-phosphorus top dressing, contains potassium - not less than 11%, nitrogen - not less than 11%, easily soluble phosphorus - not less than 11%. The number of constituent components may vary, which is marked with the marking "Nitrophoska" (grade A, B, etc.). The average application rate is 50-70 g per 1 m.​

The final fertilizer application cycle for the apple tree is in the fall, to replenish potassium and create a supply of nutrients for the tree before wintering.

Mullein.

Compost - 3-4 buckets per pit;

In the second year after planting (the first year of fruiting), apply humus or compost 3-4 kg per 1 m2 under the berry bushes.

The solution is prepared based on 8 liters of water, 1 liter of slurry is put and infused for a couple of days. It turns out the consistency of liquid sour cream. Then water the strawberry beds without getting on the leaves.

Next, I want to tell you more about how to feed strawberries in the fall and how to make fertilizers for strawberries. Each of us has a wealth of experience, so everyone prepares autumn dressings of strawberries and strawberries in their own way. Organic strawberry nutrition needs the right proportions when cooked.​

Dung slurry.

To lay the foundation for a good harvest, do not forget about such an important matter as fertilizing in the fall. About what fertilizer to apply in the fall and how to do it correctly, we will discuss in our article.

Feeding strawberries in autumn with wood ash.

Fertilizers are applied to the near-trunk circles of young trees and shrubs. In a mature garden, circles and aisles are processed. The diameter of the near-stem circle in the first 2 years after planting is approximately 1.5 m, for a tree older than twenty years - 4 m. If you mulch the soil after fertilization, the substances can simply be scattered on the ground without digging. You can apply fertilizers locally - in 5-7 wells along the perimeter of the root zone. The recesses are made with a garden drill or a shovel to a depth of 50 cm. Substances are placed in the wells, and then watered abundantly or immediately watered with diluted fertilizers. "BioMaster Autumn" can be applied differently - along the trunk circle with a little loosening into the soil. Unlike superphosphate, complex fertilizers do not contain strontium and do not suppress beneficial microflora. They do not cause root burns and are not washed out of the soil during the winter. Fertilize shrubs and trees annually, regardless of their yield.​

Wood ash - 25-30 g;

​complex​

Mineral autumn dressing for strawberries.

- you should definitely take fermented, dilute 1 liter of organic matter in 10 liters of water and insist. Before adding to each bucket, add 125 g of wood ash;

Top dressing strawberries when planting in the fall.

"Nitroammophoska" - contains nitrogen, potassium and phosphorus 17% each. Under each fruiting apple tree, from 200 to 400 g of fertilizer should be applied.

It is applied at the rate of 150 grams per 1 sq. garden meter. You can also make dry ash, sprinkle it on top so that pests do not eat it. Furnace or wood ash replaces superphosphate, potassium salt. These are popular mineral fertilizers that are used for autumn feeding. Wood ash can be diluted with water to get a solution that waters the bushes. Approximately 0.5 liters for each bush.​

​Using organic fertilizers, I can be sure of the quality of the crop. When planting, you can also use dry biohumus or potassium humate for fertilizer. And then, when leaving, pour liquid vermicompost. This is a purchased item. Below I will tell you about dressings that you can do with your own hands.

For normal growth and development of plants, the soil must contain a balanced set of the following substances: nitrogen, potassium, phosphorus, calcium. In addition, plants also need microelements, such as boron, copper, manganese, magnesium and iron. To lay the foundation for the future harvest, in the fall, when digging the site, fertilizers are applied to the soil - mineral or organic (by the way, this is an excellent fertilizer for earth pear and roses).

Pre-winter fertilization of perennial flowers and bulbous plants begins earlier - in October, and for the northern and eastern regions - in September. Dry fertilizers are embedded in the soil by loosening 5-8 cm, and then watered abundantly at the rate of 20-30 l / m2. At this time, organic matter, phosphorus and potash fertilizers (10 g of nitrogen, 50-60 g of phosphorus and 30 g of potash per 1 m2) or "BioMaster Autumn" are laid. It is undesirable to treat flowering perennials with potassium chloride and potassium salt, so it is better to prefer ready-made mineral mixtures.

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Necessary fertilizers for apple trees in autumn

Vinegar - 35 ml or 2 tbsp. spoons

Is it difficult to grow a garden?

- in 10 liters of water we mix 250 g of ash, 2 tablespoons of Nitrophoska and 20 g of potash fertilizer. Mix well and pour strawberries, based on each bush, 1 liter. After 2 days, the ground around the bushes should be mulched using peat chips or sawdust for this. This feeding of strawberries in the fall affects the laying of flower buds.

slurry

"Ammophos" - contains at least 10% nitrogen and at least 40% phosphorus. It is successfully used as an autumn top dressing of a garden on chernozems.

Fertilizing the soil for planting seedlings

In order to make it easier for the tree to survive the winter, and in order to get a good harvest next year, it is mandatory to apply fertilizer for the apple tree in the fall. This is a very important stage of garden care, because it is in the fall that the laying of the future crop takes place, so it is important to provide the trees with all the necessary nutrients. Organic or nitrogen, potassium-phosphorus fertilizers for apple trees are applied under the roots in an amount according to the instructions for a particular type of fertilizer. All work must be carried out before the onset of severe cold weather, in winter the tree must enter completely with a supply of useful substances and well protected externally.

You can mix all these components in a ratio of 1: 4: 5: 5 and feed the earth with a bucket of the resulting mixture.

A healthy and fertile garden definitely requires the application of fertilizer for the apple tree in the fall. Which one is better - organic or mineral? When and in what dose should they be applied? The article discusses these and other issues on planting and caring for an apple orchard.​

• No need to feed berry bushes with pig manure.
• Top dressing can also be foliar, I wrote about this in the article foliar top dressing of plants, then the fertilizer is sprayed onto the leaves with a spray bottle.
• What is better to take fertilizers: mineral or organic? The opinions of professionals on this matter vary, but for many generations of villagers, preference is given to the good old horse manure in this matter. Using manure correctly, you can achieve excellent results and grow environmentally friendly products. So, what do you need to know about manure? Firstly, it can only be used for autumn soil fertilization, so that during the winter it has time to decompose and not damage the roots of plants. Secondly, it is necessary to make it not every year, but once every two or three years. In addition to fresh manure, you can use manure and rotted manure - humus, which is prepared in special compost pits. In any case, having scattered manure over the surface of the soil, you need to seal it into the soil as soon as possible.
• The main fertilization is carried out at the end of November (earlier for the northern and eastern regions) with deep digging of the soil. The soil for future crops of vegetables is evenly sprinkled with fertilizers, then they are deepened by 15-25 cm so that they are in a moist soil layer. It is better to fertilize perennial plants in the immediate vicinity of the main location of the roots - at a depth of 20 cm. Dry substances should not be left in the surface layer (0-5 cm), as this leads to weathering and oxidation of the elements. For heavy and waterlogged soils, continuous digging for the winter is required. The earth is turned over on the bayonet of a shovel, large clods are left on the surface. Loose, well-cultivated soil when fertilizing can be cultivated in a more gentle way - deep loosening with a fork.​

All these ingredients are diluted in 10 liters of warm water.

In liquid form, top dressing can only be applied until the end of September, otherwise the roots of the plant will not tolerate frost, and the plant may die.

- Dilute 1 liter in 8 liters of water and insist. The consistency of the finished dressing should be similar to thick sour cream;

Apple tree care. Fertilizer Schedule

What fertilizers for apple trees are applied in autumn besides mineral ones? It is, of course, organic. It is best to use humus or humus for these purposes. The amount of humus introduced also depends on the age of the apple tree and on the area of ​​\u200b\u200broot growth. On average, about 10-20 kg of humus must be applied to a young tree up to 4 years old, up to 45-55 kg of fertilizer is applied to a tree from 10 years old and older. These rates are suitable for places with a temperate climate, but for the southern regions, the amount of fertilizer applied can be increased by 20%, since in autumn the cold comes later there, the tree has time to absorb all the nutrients and complete its preparation for winter.

To fertilize an apple tree in the fall, it is best to use both types of top dressing - organic and mineral.

Mineral fertilizers for planting should not be applied. You can often find disputes about what fertilizers are needed for apple trees, and tips on applying phosphate, nitrogen or potash fertilizers for seedlings. However, as practice shows, the application of mineral fertilizers does more harm than good. Trees get sick and often die. This is due to the ability of mineral fertilizers to cause root burns. And the roots of the seedlings are still young and tender, so injuries are painful. Organics only bring benefits. It is better to start applying mineral fertilizers for apple trees in the fall, 3-4 years after planting the tree.

• ​When we admire a well-kept fruit-bearing garden, it seems to us that gardening is a fairly simple activity that does not require special knowledge and skills. What's difficult?
• Berry plantations are traditionally renewed in autumn, I remind you how to do this, read the article planting strawberries in the fall, in the same place about planting time.
• It is sold in gardening stores (in our city in OBI they sell) dry in large bags. From this concentrate you need to prepare a liquid infusion.
• If fussing with manure is not for you, then you can use ready-made mineral fertilizers, the packaging of which usually provides complete information about the required amount and method of use. On sale you can find special complexes for all types of plants - trees, bushes, lawns, flowers and vegetables. When choosing a mineral complex for application in the fall, you need to choose fertilizers marked "Autumn", since they do not contain nitrogen.​

Autumn care, the importance of top dressing in the fall

It is unrealistic to calculate the exact amount of substances for each individual site. To do this, it is necessary to take into account dozens of parameters of soil, climate, and planting crops. It is safer and faster to use ready-made mineral mixtures for autumn fertilizer, the application rates of which are indicated on the package.​

But, if there is a harsh winter in your region, then good feeding does not give one hundred percent guarantees that strawberries will tolerate frost well. In this case, it is better to use additional cover, for example, non-woven covering materials such as Agril or Spandbond.​

What to choose fertilizers for apple trees in the fall? How to calculate the dose

Sometimes it becomes necessary to plant strawberries in the fall (this is mainly done with remontant varieties). In order for new bushes to take root well and produce a crop the next year, they need to be fed. To do this, they bring into the landing pit for 1 m & sup2:

green manure

Top dressing with mineral fertilizers

Organic fertilizers are applied by dropping or loosening the soil.

1. To calculate the dose required for each particular tree, you need to know and take into account not only climatic conditions, but also the age of the plant, its level of fruiting in the past season. After all, the larger the harvest, the more the tree spent nutrients and the more it needs to replenish them. You also need to take into account the area of ​​\u200b\u200bgrowth of its roots, approximately this will be the size of the near-trunk circle of the tree. The trunk circle is determined by the size of the shadow of the tree crown on a summer day. A perennial plant can have a root circle up to 50 square meters. meters. After evaluating all these indicators, you can easily calculate the dose of organic matter and mineral supplements.​
2. It is also necessary to take into account the climatic conditions and the purpose of the apple variety for these conditions. If in the south of our country there are no restrictions on planting any varieties, then in the northern regions it is necessary to control the winter hardiness of apple trees. If you plant a tree unsuitable for harsh conditions, it will simply die, and efforts will be wasted.
3. In the spring, stick a seedling into the ground, water it well, spray it a couple of times a season - that's all the work. To people who are ignorant of the ability to breed and grow apple trees, it seems that it is very easy to have a good harvest of fruit every year. However, experienced gardeners know that growing fruit trees is a serious job that requires experience, patience and hard work.​

The optimal autumn fertilizers for strawberries are phosphorus and potassium. They can be decomposed both in dry and diluted form. A huge plus of liquid dressings is that they are absorbed by plants faster. But dry top dressing - a longer action. Therefore, you can combine.

Litter is bred 10 to 1. 10 is water, 1 is litter, insist 2 days, and then pour into the grooves between the bushes. At the same time, try not to get on the leaves, pour top dressing only on the ground.

1. How much fertilizer will you need? It all depends on the condition of the soil. For depleted plots, intensive care will be required in the amount of 100 kg of organic fertilizers for every 10 m². For soils with at least minimally fertile fertilizers, you need to take half as much.
2. The 10 liter bucket contains:
3. Having paid enough attention to caring for strawberries in the fall, in the summer it will delight you with a big harvest.

Organic nutrition for apple trees

3-4 kg of compost or humus;

- for this you need to lay mowed grass or bean green manure in the aisle;

Timely fed apple trees will have time to assimilate all the useful substances that make up fertilizers, and will be better prepared for difficult wintering conditions.

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Simple potash, phosphorus and nitrogen fertilizers for apple trees are applied in the following dosage:

In the spring, areas affected by pests or frosts, old branches or those that do not yield, as well as lichen, are removed. After pruning, all bare places must be treated with garden pitch so that pests and pathogenic microflora do not penetrate into unprotected places. It is necessary to apply whitewash on the tree trunk to a sufficient height. Summer care consists mainly in watering if the weather is very hot, and in timely removal of fallen apples so that they do not rot under the tree.

When is strawberry fertilizing carried out in the fall?

One of the most important moments in caring for an apple orchard is its proper feeding. A balanced fertilization of the soil will enable the trees to develop normally and bear fruit. Moreover, the frequency of fruiting is reduced to a minimum. The tree does not get sick, copes with pests more easily, recovers faster from such stresses as heat in summer and frost in winter.

When planting strawberries in the autumn, they add 1 sq. m.:​

What autumn fertilizers can be used to feed strawberries?

If you have chickens and your litter is liquid, then fill a large bucket with fresh litter by about 1/3, fill it to the top with water and place it in a sunny place on the site. After two days, water the bushes.

• Usually, fertilizers for berry bushes are applied immediately after fruiting, and then after pruning. In time, this is the end of July - August. Fresh horse manure - 8 kg;
• On the benefits of applying mineral fertilizers in the fall 10 g of potassium chloride;
• mineral It is hard to imagine May and June without such berries as strawberries. But in order for it to bear fruit well, it is very important to properly care for it throughout the year: feed, weed, water, shelter for the winter, etc.
• Potash fertilizers - up to 20 g per square meter of the trunk circle. Fertilizers are required throughout the season. The first portion is brought in in the spring. Fertilizers are needed both organic (every year) and mineral (3-4 years after planting). It is important to remember that organic fertilizers should consist of humus, as fresh organics will damage the roots of the tree.
• It is known that autumn planting of an apple tree is preferable. This allows the root system to gain strength over the winter, recover from transplant stress and prepare for the next growing season. Trees should be planted in mid-autumn after leaf fall. 3 - 4 kg of compost or humus,
• Remember that bird droppings are very concentrated and contain a lot of nitrogen. A large amount of nitrogen is bad for plants. We need a measure here. Follow the quantity. Never water the beds with fresh manure, everything will burn. The harvest of strawberries after feeding with litter gives a very good one. How to feed strawberries in August:
• The same on a bed of sawdust - 5 kg; Our expert Oleg Kalinichenko agronomist, teacher of the highest category

30-40 g of superphosphate.

How to feed strawberries when planting in the fall?

- have a beneficial effect on the process of laying the kidneys for the next year:

• In this article, we will consider the features of feeding strawberries, as a component of caring for them in the fall.
• Phosphorus - up to 35 g per square meter. This is the norm for the middle lane, it is slightly higher for the southern edges - up to 60 g per square meter.
• The main top dressings are made in accordance with the following schedule:

When choosing apple seedlings for planting, you need to know the composition of the soil. This will allow you to estimate how much and what fertilizers need to be applied to the land to increase its fertility.​

30-40 g of superphosphate,

Then be sure to mulch the soil around the bush with compost or dry grass. In the future, such strawberries do not need to be fed until the start of the fruiting period.

Winter is coming - the most crucial time for summer residents and gardeners. And everyone, probably, is visited by disturbing thoughts about the destructiveness of winter frosts. I so want my beloved green pets to winter without loss, in the spring they will please with lush flowering, and then with a rich harvest. It is easier for plants to survive the winter season by proper preparation for the cold, one of the most important stages of which is autumn fertilization.

However, although it is called "autumn" top dressing, they start it in the summer. So, preparation for winter of fruit trees begins in July, and berry growers even earlier - from June. Therefore, as soon as the harvest was harvested - strawberries. We do the same with fertile berry bushes (currants, raspberries, gooseberries). Then comes the time for fruit trees. You can fertilize in the fall until the end of September. A later application is ineffective, since the growing season ends, the plants go into a dormant stage and do not have time to fully absorb the nutrients.

Mineral fertilizers

Carefully consider the choice of complex mineral fertilizers. There are many special compositions: for the lawn, ornamental and berry bushes, perennials, fruit trees, coniferous crops. Naturally, under conifers it is better to make formulations prepared specifically for them, and, for example, hosts - to feed fertilizers for perennials. In such mixtures, the mineral composition is optimally balanced, and the plants will receive everything necessary for the full development and growth.

What else needs to be considered: mineral fertilizers applied in the fall should be with a minimum nitrogen content; on the packaging of such formulations it is usually written: “autumn” or “for autumn use”. There is almost no nitrogen in these mineral mixtures, but phosphorus, potassium, calcium are present - trace elements necessary for the ripening of shoots, strengthening plant immunity, and increasing resistance to low temperatures. Information on the rate of fertilizer application can also be found on the packaging. It is not worth exceeding it: it is better under to feed than pen feed.

organic fertilizers

organic fertilizer–mixture of ash and bird droppings

Let's see what and how much can be applied, what benefits this or that type of fertilizer will bring.

Peat

Compost

Sawdust (shredded grass, small twigs, tree bark)

siderates

What fertilizer to apply in the fall is up to you. The choice depends on the characteristics of the soil on the site, and on the practiced. It is only important that this process be regular, constant. Otherwise, soon the soil will become impoverished, and you will not have to count on rich harvests.

Do you feed your plants in the fall?

The crop is harvested, the beds are empty, but the summer resident still has a lot of trouble ahead. One of the most important tasks during this period is the proper feeding of the land, which gave all its strength to cultivated plants.

Fertilizers should be applied during the autumn digging of the site. Carry out this procedure from the 20th of September to mid-October. It is more convenient to first evenly scatter top dressing over the surface of the site, and then dig and embed. Try to evenly mix top dressing with garden soil.

What to contribute:

1. Manure of cows, horses, goats and other farm animals, bird droppings. During the growing season, such fresh organics are not brought in, but in the fall - please. During the winter, she will "ripen". Embedding should be carried out to a depth of about 15 cm. 1 bucket of organic fertilizers is applied per 1 m2 of area once every 4-5 years.
2. Humus or compost - both already mature and unripe. For 1 m2, 3-4 kg of fertilizer is applied to a depth of 15 cm. Humus can also be used for surface mulching of beds and trunk circles of trees and shrubs. To do this, they are covered with a layer of 5-7 cm.
3. Ash is one of the richest natural sources in micro- and macroelements available to every summer resident. The best ash remains after burning the tops of potatoes and the branches of fruit trees and shrubs remaining after pruning. For 1 m2, approximately once every 4 years, add 1 kg of dry ash for digging.
4. Green manure are useful plants that are planted in the garden after harvest. Most often, legumes, mustard, lupins, and rye are used for these purposes. In late autumn, the green mass, as a rule, is mowed and embedded in the ground. Winter crops are cut next spring or summer. Such plants not only saturate the earth with useful and nutritious substances, but also make it looser, get rid of pathogens and pest larvae.
5. Sawdust from the point of view of nutritional value is of little use, but with their help you can make heavy soil looser, attract more earthworms to the site. Sawdust should be applied for autumn digging once every 3 years.
6. Often, together with humus, high-moor or low-lying peat is introduced in the fall. The first contributes to good moisture retention, has a neutral pH, but is low in nutrition. The second is rich in nutrients, but slightly acidifies the soil.
7. In autumn, superphosphate must be added. This mineral top dressing will disintegrate very slowly, just before the next summer season. Consumption of conventional superphosphate - 50 g per 1 m2, double - 30 g per 1 m2, granular - 40 g per 1 m2. For better absorption, this component is best applied together with potash fertilizers and manure.
8. Be sure to add potassium sulfate for raspberries, strawberries, gooseberries and currants, spending 30 g per 1 m2.
9. Acidic soils should be deacidified once every few years. To do this, make dolomite flour, slaked lime, chalk, wood ash.

Fertile land is the key to a rich harvest. Do not forget also about observing the rules of crop rotation - "move" the beds to new places.

After the crop is harvested in the garden and vegetable garden, the next step in caring for the garden plot is preparation for winter. And among the many autumn agricultural activities, one should separately highlight the application of fertilizers to the soil depleted during the season.

Timely introduced autumn top dressing will allow perennial plants and flowers to regain strength after abundant flowering and fruiting, and strong perennials will better endure the cold season and will not freeze during severe frosts.

Which of the fertilizers - mineral or organic - should be applied in the fall? How to properly fertilize trees and shrubs in the garden, and what should be done for autumn digging into the soil in the garden? This and much more will be discussed below.

Timely introduced autumn dressings will allow perennial plants and flowers to regain strength after abundant flowering and fruiting.

And although this type of top dressing is called "autumn", but under a number of plants, fertilizers begin to be applied even in the summer, thereby preparing them for the autumn-winter season. Usually, fertilization is carried out under already fertile berry crops. And they begin to fertilize from the beds with strawberries - in the second - third decades of June. In July comes the turn of fruit bushes - raspberries, currants, gooseberries. The crop from them is already harvested, and you can make the last dressing before the start of the winter season.

And only then comes the turn to apply fertilizer for the last time under fruit trees:

• cherries;
• plums;
• apricots;
• apple trees;
• pears.

And already in September, they begin to collect the last vegetables from the garden, and then dig the site before winter with the simultaneous application of fertilizers before winter.

But to fertilize for horticultural crops for the last time, not only immediately after the end of fruiting - top dressing is usually applied until the last decade of September. Later fertilization will not be useful for horticultural crops - trees and shrubs go into a new stage (rest stage), sap flow through the trunks and shoots stops, so the nutrients will not be completely processed.

But in flowerbeds with perennial flowers, autumn top dressing is carried out at the end of their flowering. The timing of the application of mineral and organic fertilizers depends on the specific timing of each of the flowering perennials.

How to inexpensively fertilize the soil (video)

The use of green manure plants for soil fertilization

Not all gardeners and gardeners have yet fully appreciated the benefits of growing green manure plants on the site. Such annuals grow very quickly, their roots, deepening into the ground, loosen it and at the same time enrich it with oxygen. After their full growth within a month or two, such crops are simply buried in the ground during autumn or spring digging. In the soil, such siderates begin to rot, enriching it with organic matter. Other elements necessary for the active growth of cultivated plants also fall into the ground.

Such plowing of greens is very useful for the soil:

• rotting green manure improve and heal the structure and composition of the soil;
• make it looser;
• contribute to better penetration of oxygen into the soil;
• activate the work of beneficial microorganisms.

Many of the green manure plants suppress the growth of weeds, inhibit the vital activity of "bad" bacteria. This method is called soil manure.

In the garden and in the garden, very often the same plots are used for growing trees and vegetable crops from year to year (because there is simply not enough other space). Swarms of this soil are gradually depleted and require the annual application of organic matter, and compost is rightfully considered the best of these fertilizers. But not all gardeners have the opportunity to fertilize their plots in the fall with such dressings. And this is where seeding comes to the rescue.

Many of the green manure plants suppress the growth of weeds, inhibit the vital activity of bad bacteria.

Siderates can be planted anywhere:

• in near-trunk circles of trees and shrubs;
• between vegetable beds;
• plant in rows, in parts.

Usually in autumn, such green fertilizers are planted immediately after harvest. It should be guessed so that at least a month and a half has passed since sowing, so that green manure can sufficiently increase the vegetative mass. And only then should you start digging up areas with green fertilizers with their simultaneous plowing into the soil.

The best plants - green manure:

• cereals (rye, wheat, oats);
• legumes (peas, beans, soybeans);
• clover;
• mustard;
• marigolds and some other annual flowers.

Often they plant winter crops in the fall, and in the spring, before preparing garden beds for planting seedlings or seed, they simply plow it with one bayonet of a shovel.

Often in the fall, winter wheat is planted as green manure, and in the spring, before preparing garden beds for planting seedlings or seed, it is simply plowed on one bayonet of a shovel

How to use phosphorus-potassium fertilizers in the fall

Some inexperienced gardeners believe that there are never enough mineral fertilizers, and therefore they make such top dressing without reading the instructions for using potash and phosphate fertilizers for applying to the soil in the autumn. However, it should be remembered that the lack of these minerals is also harmful to any cultivated plants, as well as their excessive amount. Too many macro and microelements in the soil have a detrimental effect on the vital activity of beneficial bacteria and worms living in the soil, and also adversely affect the growth and productivity of the plants themselves and fruit trees.

potash fertilizers

This mineral is necessary for plants during the season, but in autumn its role for the future harvest is simply invaluable - it helps the development of flower buds that will open next year, improves the resistance of buds and wood of trees to the upcoming frosts. They are produced in two types:

• chloride salts (potassium chloride, potassium salt);
• sulfate salts of potassium.

Potash fertilizers help the development of flower buds that will open next year, improve the resistance of buds and tree wood to upcoming frosts.

These fertilizers penetrate deep into the soil for a long time, so they are usually applied immediately before autumn digging and embedded in the soil by at least 15–20 cm. The amount of this fertilizer per 1 m2 is usually indicated in the instructions for use on the package.

Phosphate fertilizers

Such minerals contribute to the active growth of plants, activates the growth of the root system, strengthens their resistance to reduced watering or severe frosts.

For top dressing use simple or double superphosphate. In autumn, preference is given to simple superphosphate, which is usually embedded in the soil for one shovel bayonet. It is necessary to deepen phosphates into the soil because this type of mineral fertilizers practically does not penetrate deep into the soil with irrigation.

What fertilizer to apply in the fall (video)

Instructions for using nitrophoska for autumn top dressing

It is not always possible to make nitrophoska in the fall. If during the spring and early summer a sufficient amount of mineral fertilizers or organic matter, which include nitrogen, was introduced into the soil, then in the fall nitrophoska can not be applied. The fact is that it is nitrogen that “provokes” active sap flow in the root system and the aerial parts of plants, which is undesirable in the autumn period, when perennials are preparing for a dormant period.

Therefore, in the fall, this mineral fertilizer is applied when digging garden plots or greenhouses. Also in autumn, nitrophoska is applied on soils with a high content of peat or clay.

If this fertilizer containing nitrogen was applied on the plots in September - October, then in the spring, before planting plants, nitrophoska is no longer added to the soil mixture.

It is not always possible to make nitrophoska in the fall

What mineral fertilizers are used in the fall in the country

As mentioned above, the main mineral fertilizers applied in the autumn should contain two main elements - phosphorus and potassium. Usually, superphosphate and potassium salts are used to apply to the soil before digging the soil before winter.. During autumn and winter, these fertilizers gradually decompose, and by the beginning of spring plantings, the soil is completely enriched with these trace elements.

But in soils poor in nutrients, too acidic soils, phosphorite flour is usually introduced in the fall. It is best to mix it with manure before applying, in which case such fertilizers completely complement each other, so other top dressings are not required in autumn.

You can also buy ready-made mineral buoy fertilizers, which include all the necessary macro and microelements one by one.

Complex fertilizers for autumn feeding

Usually, gardeners and vegetable growers used Kemira for autumn application to the soil, which included all the necessary macro and microelements for the garden. But for about 10 years, Fertika has been the successor of this company. The company produces under this brand mineral fertilizers for various types of flowering plants, for vegetable crops, for autumn application for various perennials, as well as complex mineral dressing - Fertika Lux, which is used to fertilize various types of garden and vegetable plants.

Usually sawdust is also used as an autumn top dressing.

Organic fertilizers applied in autumn

In autumn, after the end of the harvest, a layer of compost or rotted manure (10–15 cm thick) can be laid out under fruit trees and shrubs in order to protect their root system, which is too close to the ground, from impending cold weather.

After harvesting, it is necessary to prepare the soil for the next season or winter planting. In autumn, when feeding the garden, additional nutrition is introduced for perennial plants. It is important to choose the right type of autumn fertilizer, since the effects of additives may not be enough until spring or the substance unnecessary at this stage will harm wintering perennials.

Soil and plant nutrition before the next season

During the growing season of annual vegetation, the soil is depleted, accumulates pathogens and specific substances released by some crops. Fertilize the land in the fall should be in accordance with the needs of the plants that are planned to be grown on this site. The soil needs to be carefully cleaned from the remains of plants, since harmful bacteria, fungi, and pests hibernate on them. Use as fertilizer, do not add them to compost. It is recommended to burn the collected tops, weeds, and apply the resulting ash in the form of a nutrient, deoxidizing additive to the soil.

Fertilizing the garden in autumn is carried out to prepare trees, shrubs and other perennials for winter. It is important to choose the right fertilizer, since unsuitable elements provoke growth or oppress, aggressive ones burn the roots. Before a cold snap, it is necessary to increase the winter hardiness of plants, and not to reduce immunity. In autumn, supplements containing nutrients for the development of the root system are also used.

Recommended top dressing should be applied during the digging of the site. If necessary, pre-disinfect the soil. The acidity of the soil during this period of time needs to be adjusted, especially when using aggressive substances.

Fertilizers in autumn for digging

The composition of nutritional supplements for perennials should increase the defenses of plants, strengthen and promote the development of the root system, and contain the main components for spring growth. The vacant plots in the garden for annual crops need to be fed with fertilizers that dissolve for a long time.

Nitrogen

It is not recommended to make a lot of nitrogen-containing additives, this element contributes to the growth of the green above-ground part, provokes premature awakening. But it is needed for the absorption of phosphorus, it is involved in metabolic processes, so a small amount of nitrogen should be contained in nutrient mixtures. In autumn, the presence of up to 12% of the substance is permissible in dressings.

Phosphoric

Phosphorus and potassium should be added in an increased volume. The first component is necessary for the development of the rhizome. Even with a cold snap, the soil does not cool immediately, the plants grow new roots, deepen. For digging, phosphorus is introduced in the fall because phosphates dissolve for a long time, only by spring they acquire a form accessible to garden crops.

Potash

Potash fertilizers increase the frost resistance of perennials. In autumn, when digging, the element is recommended to be added only to heavy soil; it can be washed out of light soil by spring. The presence of calcium is important for crops that need it, since the element is involved in the growth and development of plants.

In the fall, the following fertilizers should be applied for digging:

• organic;
• mineral;
• complex;
• green manure.

organic

These are environmentally friendly and nutritious components widely used for plant nutrition in the fall. The main types are manure, humus, compost, wood ash, peat, biohumus. There are industrial nutrient organic mixtures that are completely ready for use as intended.

Manure

Fresh manure is forbidden to be added to the soil when growing many crops; you can burn the root system. When applied for digging in autumn, aggressive components will be neutralized by spring, and the plants will receive fertile soil. The additive should not be buried below 10-15 cm, so that the necessary nutrients do not go to the depth, but remain available for vegetation. It is recommended to fertilize plants with manure 1 time in 4-5 years. For some crops, a certain type of top dressing may be suitable. For example, strawberries respond particularly well to bird droppings.

Humus

Dry humus can be used for mulching. Aggressive components in this type of organic fertilizer are weakly expressed. In heavy loamy, clay soil, it is recommended to add compost for digging. The additive will increase the nutritional value, improve the structure of the soil. In winter, it will be food for earthworms, it will start to rot, as a result, in the spring the earth will become loose.

With immature compost, you need to mulch the soil under berry and ornamental shrubs, fruit trees over the age of 5 years for a good wintering. The fertilizer continues to rot, which can harm weakened, young plants, so you need to use straw, sawdust, and fallen needles.

wood ash

Wood ash can be used throughout the growing season, so in autumn it only goes into heavy soil for digging. The fertilizer contains enough potassium, phosphorus, calcium, boron, copper and other trace elements. At the same time, the nutrients are in an easily accessible form. During the winter, the additive is processed, reduces the acidity of the soil. Ash should not be abused, because the alkaline environment harms beneficial microflora and earthworms.

Peat

Peat retains moisture well, but contains few nutrients. In autumn, it is used along with compost or humus. Fertilizer is recommended for clay and sandy soils. Experienced gardeners and gardeners often use home-made nutrient mixtures according to folk recipes or ready-made industrial formulations. Biohumus is a product of processing organic residues by worms. The supplement contains all the necessary nutrients and beneficial microorganisms. Does not burn the root system of plants, easy to use. This is a suitable option for feeding plants with organic matter for beginners.

mineral

The main thing is that the nutritional supplement contains potassium, phosphorus and calcium. Nitrogen is required in a small amount, trace elements are not needed for digging. Most mineral compositions are produced in dry form, some are poorly soluble in water. The advantage of using them in the fall is that before spring they will have time to change shape and become available to the root system.

Names of autumn mineral fertilizers with a description:

• phosphorite flour is safe, suitable for leached chernozems and soddy-podzolic soils, in addition to phosphorus it contains calcium, which not all plants will like;
• ordinary and double superphosphate - completely dissolve in the soil only after ½ year, contain phosphorus, nitrogen, calcium, sulfur, trace elements;
• potassium chloride - it is permissible to use in the fall, because until the next season, chlorine will leave the soil and will not harm crops. The additive cannot be used on heavy soils;
• potassium sulfate - additionally contains sulfur, calcium and magnesium. Fertilizer must not be used together with lime;
• potassium salt. Use with caution, since it contains more chlorine than potassium chloride;
• urea is the only nitrogen-containing mineral fertilizer for autumn, suitable for all types of soil.

Complex

The best choice for beginners. The compositions are made with notes for what season and what crops are intended. The cost is higher than that of simple mineral fertilizers, but the consumption is less. The components are in an easily accessible form, the application is described on the packaging, there is no need to worry that the elements will be incompatible with each other. Additionally, they may contain organic components.

Complex fertilizers for autumn have a corresponding inscription on the packaging, they are produced in the form of granules, powder, liquid. Universal additives are widespread, as they are suitable for most crops growing in the garden and in the garden.

sideration

Fast germination, soil enrichment with nutrients, improvement of soil structure, disinfection during digging of some crops allows them to be used as fertilizer. Sideration can be carried out almost all year round, but autumn is the most suitable time. Plant residues will rot well over the winter, destroy the accumulated harmful microorganisms, and scare away pests wintering on the site. It is useful to feed plants with compost with the addition of green manure.

Before winter, you can grow crops twice. Sow for the first time in late August-early September. After 1-1.5 months, mow the aboveground mass, which has grown to 20-25 cm, and dig in the same area. The cut branches can be used as mulch.

The second time to plant winter green manure should be from the end of September to mid-October, for the southern regions the dates are shifted so that at least a month remains before a severe cold snap. Before frost, the plants have time to build up a powerful root system and an aerial part of about 10 cm. In autumn, rye, mustard, peas, lupins, sweet clover are used as fertilizers. The choice of a particular variety depends on the characteristics and structure of the soil, the purpose of green manure.

Autumn nutrition for plants

Wintering crops in the garden need to be provided with the necessary substances to increase immunity, develop the root system, accelerate adaptation and rooting after transplantation. Autumn fertilizers are needed for intensively fruit-bearing crops. If they are not provided with additional nutrition, the next season may have low yields.

The composition of the fertilizer mixture must be selected in accordance with the needs of the plant. Some elements may be contraindicated or present in large quantities in the soil. In this case, an incorrectly chosen additive will only do harm.

Fresh organic matter is not recommended, as it may contain harmful bacteria. It is better to give preference to aged for 2-3 years. The timing of fertilization in the fall depends on the climate zone, weather conditions and crop.

For fruit trees

In autumn, before fertilizing, you need to water the plants abundantly. From organic matter, it is recommended to use ash, rotted manure, bird droppings aged 1-2 years, compost or green manure. Wood ash is considered the best supplement for fruit trees, due to the content in it of all the necessary substances and trace elements that support immunity. Trunk circles need to be dug up, ash is added, watered abundantly and mulched. It is especially useful to do this in the fall for young and recently transplanted seedlings.

One- or two-year-old rotted manure or compost is scattered around the trunk along the diameter of the tree crown, dug to a depth of 25-30 cm, watered. It is recommended to add 6 kg of organic matter per 1 m². You can prepare a solution from chicken manure - 3-4 kg is enough for 1 m². Dig siderats mowed from the beds around the trunk, water, mulch with straw or leaves.

• potassium sulfate;
• potassium chloride;
• potassium salt;
• superphosphate.

For berry bushes

In autumn, fertilizers can be applied in liquid, powder or granular form. The latter is used when nutrients are not needed immediately, but should be completely dissolved only by spring. The earth around the bush needs to be dug up. To enrich the soil with phosphorus, use regular or double superphosphate. Potassium is better to make with potassium magnesia or potassium sulfate. Dry fertilizers in the fall can be spread out in advance prepared grooves, watered abundantly.

Organics are applied in October-early November. With compost or dry humus, you need to mulch the surface of the earth or dig it up. Experienced gardeners often use complex fertilizers designed for a specific crop. It is also common to use a nutrient substrate with green manure.

For ornamental plants and flowers

Ornamental plants are characterized by whimsicality to growing conditions, low winter hardiness. For this reason, they need to be properly prepared for the winter.

In autumn, it is recommended to fertilize with universal complex additives, wood ash. In order for the culture to overwinter, the presence of phosphorus is mandatory. Winter hardiness is increased by calcium and magnesium. Mulching the soil with organic matter will protect the roots from freezing, feeding with the necessary nutrients.