Acute laryngitis is characterized by acute inflammation. Acute laryngitis symptoms and treatment. Causes of acute laryngitis

Diseases of the upper respiratory tract are widespread among all segments of the population. Anyone can get a respiratory infection. But it proceeds in different ways, depending on the level of damage. One such option is acute laryngitis. It is most often found in the structure of the pathology of the larynx. So, it would be useful to consider the features of the disease: what is laryngitis, what is the acute form and how to treat inflammation.

Laryngitis is an inflammation of the mucous membrane of the larynx. Acute process occurs under the influence of an infectious agent, that is, various microbes: bacteria, viruses, fungi or their associations. But a damaging stimulus can also be given by completely different influences. Therefore, in the mechanism of development of laryngitis great importance given to non-infectious factors:

• Eating too hot or cold food.
• Bad habits (smoking, drinking alcohol).
• Occupational hazards (dust, chemical aerosols).
• Overstrain of the vocal cords (in singers, speakers, teachers).
• Traumatic injuries of the larynx and pharynx.
• Allergic reactions.
• General hypothermia.
• Gastroesophageal reflux.
• Decreased immune response of the body.

Quite often, laryngitis develops as a result of the activation of the flora, which is already in a person in the nasopharynx and laryngopharynx. These microbes are saprophytes, but favorable conditions capable of becoming pathogenic. And the decrease in local and general defenses of the body only contribute to this.

Inflammation can also move from other parts of the upper respiratory tract with nasopharyngitis, rhinitis. Often, damage to the larynx is included in the structure common infections(measles, rubella, influenza). Even the usual SARS with laryngitis is a fairly common condition.

Classification

Laryngitis, as an inflammatory process in the upper respiratory tract, differs in clinical course. According to the generally accepted classification, damage to the mucous membrane of the larynx has an acute or chronic form. The latter is characterized by a prolonged existence of inflammation. But acute laryngitis occurs against the background of complete well-being. In turn, it has several varieties:

1. catarrhal.
2. Infiltrative.
3. Phlegmonous (purulent).
4. Subglottic (false croup).

This division is based on the principle of prevalence. inflammatory process, and hence its severity. A separate form of laryngitis is represented by a false croup, in which there is a narrowing of the airway lumen. He meets in childhood and conditioned anatomical features subglottic space - the presence of loose fiber, which gives a pronounced reaction to the introduction of an infectious agent.

According to the generally accepted classification, there are several variants of acute laryngitis, which have their own characteristics.

Clinical picture

The symptomatology of laryngitis is largely determined by the prevalence of the inflammatory process. It can affect the entire mucous membrane or a separate section of it: interarytenoid, or subglottic space, epiglottis, vestibular region, vocal cords. If we consider the typical course of the disease, then the most common symptoms of acute laryngitis are the following:

• Sensation of soreness and soreness in the throat, feeling of a foreign body.
• Pain that is aggravated by swallowing solid food (dysphagia).
• Hoarseness and hoarseness of the voice (dysphonia), up to its complete absence (aphonia).
• Dry hacking cough ("barking").
• Isolation of viscous mucopurulent sputum.
• Temperature rise.
• Malaise and general weakness.

During a medical examination with the help of an ENT mirror or a laryngoscope, a reddened and edematous mucous membrane of the larynx is visible, the vocal folds are thickened and do not close completely. Even when only marginal hyperemia of the vocal cords is present, acute laryngitis (limited form) is diagnosed. Regional lymph nodes (mandibular, cervical) are palpated enlarged, densely elastic and painful. If the pathology arose against the background of respiratory viral infection, then there will be other symptoms: both local (discharge from the nose, sneezing), and general (intoxication syndrome).

Phlegmonous or purulent laryngitis is accompanied by a sharp increase in sore throat, a significant deterioration general condition(heat). With laryngoscopy, an infiltrate is found in any area. If in its center one can see yellow spot, then we can talk about the formation of an abscess. Most often it is formed in the area of ​​the epiglottis or arytenoid cartilages.

False croup (stenosing laryngitis) occurs due to an acute infection of the upper respiratory tract. Against the background of its usual symptoms - runny nose, cough, sore throat, subfebrile temperature - suddenly there is an attack of shortness of breath (suffocation). Most often this occurs at night and is accompanied by a "barking" cough, blue or cyanosis of the skin of the face. Due to edema and spasm of the larynx, it is difficult for a child to inhale, i.e., inspiratory shortness of breath is formed. He accepts forced position: sitting, resting his hands on the edge of the bed. Auxiliary muscles are involved in breathing, which can be seen from the retraction of the intercostal spaces, supraclavicular and subclavian zones, jugular notch, epigastrium. Such an attack lasts up to 30 minutes, after which the child falls asleep again.

Acute laryngitis appears quite vivid symptoms caused by violation of all functions of the larynx.

Additional diagnostics

The diagnosis of laryngitis in most cases is based on the results of a clinical examination: complaints, anamnesis, laryngoscopy signs. But often you have to use additional research, for example, a blood test and a swab from the nasopharynx for flora. This will clarify the origin of the inflammatory process in the larynx.

Cases of acute laryngitis in children (false croup) require differential diagnosis with such a formidable infectious disease as diphtheria. It differs in that difficulty in breathing occurs not due to edema or spasm, but due to a mechanical obstacle - fibrinous films. In this case, the mucous membrane will be cyanotic in color, toxic swelling of the neck is characteristic. At false croup there will be no hoarseness, and diphtheria is not manifested by a "barking" cough. Dangerous Diagnosis can be assumed on the basis of the clinical and laryngoscopy picture, and confirmed on the basis of the results of the analysis of smears and films on the Leffler wand. And only when diphtheria is completely excluded, it is possible to treat acute laryngitis. Otherwise, the tactics will be completely different.

Treatment

Probably, for each patient, the question of how to treat laryngitis is relevant. Therapeutic tactics is determined by the type and nature of the inflammatory process, its prevalence and comorbid conditions. In structure medical measures There are both general and more specific ones.

When acute laryngitis is diagnosed, treatment must be accompanied by certain rules. First of all, patients need a gentle voice mode. It involves complete silence until the active inflammation subsides. Rest of the larynx is important during the first 5-7 days. To reduce the negative impact on the mucous membrane, it is also necessary to adhere to a diet. Dishes should be at the optimum temperature (hot and cold are contraindicated), it is not recommended to eat spicy and spicy, salty and smoked foods. Refraining from smoking and drinking alcohol is indicated while acute laryngitis is being treated. It is better to maintain relatively high humidity in the room.

With stenosing laryngitis in children, a plentiful alkaline drink, such as milk or mineral water. As a first aid, distracting procedures are shown, for example, foot baths or mustard plasters. To suppress a hacking cough, you can cause a gag reflex by pressing a spoon on the root of the tongue.

Medicines

The foundation therapeutic measures with laryngitis, this is the use of medicines. Medicines are aimed at suppressing the inflammatory process and destroying the infectious factor. Even when laryngitis is acute, you can limit yourself to local forms of medicines in the form of irrigation and inhalation. For this, the following groups of drugs are used:

1. Antiseptics (Givalex, Faringosept).
2. Antibacterial (Bioparox, Chlorophyllipt).
3. Anti-inflammatory (Kameton, Proposol).

If laryngitis is purulent, then you will have to take drugs with a systemic effect. Antibiotics, antiviral or antifungal - the doctor will prescribe the necessary drug, taking into account the cause of the inflammation. With dry cough and viscous sputum, mucolytics (ACC, Lazolvan) will help, and with false croup, antispasmodics (No-shpa) are indicated. Antihistamines (Suprastin, Tavegil) allow you to remove the allergic component, and glucocorticoids (hydrocortisone, dexamethasone) have anti-edematous and powerful anti-inflammatory effects. Also, to activate the body's defenses, immunostimulants (Laferon, Taktivin), vitamins are used.

Laryngitis is mainly treated with medication. Usually drugs are taken in the form of local forms, and sometimes there is a need for systemic therapy.

Invasive treatment

In some cases, acute laryngitis has to be treated using invasive techniques. If an abscess develops in the larynx, then the abscess will still have to be opened. This is done by an ENT doctor on an emergency basis. Under local anesthesia it opens the infiltrate and evacuates the contents from it. The cavity is washed with antiseptics. At the same time, detoxification, powerful antibacterial therapy is carried out, painkillers and antiallergic drugs are used.

If conservative treatment for false croup has not been effective, and disorders external respiration increase, then the child is intubated for several days. If necessary, even produce a tracheostomy. The latter technique is also shown for volumetric processes in the larynx (including abscesses).

Almost anyone can experience acute laryngitis. This disease is characterized by damage to the mucous membrane of the larynx, has an inflammatory nature and is manifested by rather striking clinical signs. But to avoid complications, you should seek medical attention as soon as possible. medical care. The attending physician will diagnose and prescribe the treatment of laryngitis, which will save the patient from acute inflammation.

Online Tests

• Is your child a star or a leader? (questions: 6)

  This test is intended for children aged 10-12 years. It allows you to determine what place your child occupies in a peer group. In order to correctly evaluate the results and get the most accurate answers, you should not give a lot of time to think, ask the child to answer what comes to his mind first ...

Laryngitis (acute)

What is Laryngitis (acute) -

Laryngitis(acute) is an acute inflammation of the larynx, has a secondary origin. Together with laryngitis (acute), the patient has accompanying illnesses nasopharynx and lower respiratory tract. In terms of prevalence, 80% of all diseases of the larynx are assigned to laryngitis. Laryngitis (acute) is more common in older children, the most dangerous is considered under the age of 3 years.

In the case when laryngitis is superimposed on a primary disease - a bacterial infection, then the disease proceeds as a viral-bacterial infection with a characteristic lesion of the respiratory system, cardiovascular system, parenchymal organs, central nervous system.

Acute laryngitis is also a complication after acute infectious diseases - influenza, measles, scarlet fever, etc. Children have a predisposition to laryngitis after past illnesses such as chronic nasopharyngitis, purulent sinusitis, mouth breathing.

What provokes / Causes of Laryngitis (acute):

The disease develops after inhalation of cold air through the mouth, drinking a cold drink during overheating of the body, overstrain of the vocal apparatus, infection with a viral or bactericidal infection, after mechanical, thermal, chemical damage.

Laryngitis may be due to internal violations in the body: abnormal metabolism with increased sensitivity of the mucous membrane of the larynx even to weak stimuli, severe sweating with vegetative neurosis.

Pathogenesis (what happens?) during Laryngitis (acute):

Laryngitis(acute) is divided into diffuse (diffuse) and limited. The following signs are characteristic of diffuse laryngitis: reddening of the mucous membrane, severe swelling in the area of ​​the folds of the vestibule, leakage of blood from inflamed vessels. The limited form is characterized by: redness and infiltration of the mucous membrane only in the epiglottis, the inflammatory process affects the mucous membranes of the larynx and trachea, accompanied by strong cough with sputum. In acute laryngitis, ruptures, desquamation and partial rejection of the columnar epithelium occur.

Symptoms of Laryngitis (acute):

Common clinical signs are characteristic of laryngitis: gradual, which is not accompanied by fever, the patient feels satisfactory, but we note that sometimes in some forms of laryngitis, the disease may have a sudden onset.

With laryngitis (acute), patients have a pronounced hyperesthesia of the larynx. Patients have a feeling of dryness, which turns into a dry cough, as well as burning, soreness and soreness in the throat, pain when swallowing, hoarseness, the voice becomes rough,. If timely treatment is not started, a dry cough can turn into a wet one with secretions of mucous and purulent sputum.

The signs of the disease include: serous impregnation of the mucous membrane, small-point infiltration, submucosal tissue and muscles of the larynx.

Since laryngitis is a secondary disease, it has different symptoms depending on the primary disease:

Laryngitis (acute stenosis of the larynx) with measles. It can develop on the 6-8th day of the primary illness - during this period, the measles virus is introduced into the mucous membrane of the larynx. If laryngitis begins on the 14th day of the primary disease, then its course is very severe - ulcerative-necrotic lesions of the mucous membrane of the larynx appear, diffuse hyperemia of the mucous membrane, the vocal folds are bright red, covered with a transparent mucous secretion, the glottis is free, patients may experience sudden spasms, barking dry cough, voice changes, rashes in the subvocal cavity, hoarseness, breathing - stenotic.

Laryngitis with scarlet fever. This type of disease is rare, in only 1% of cases. With this laryngitis, the following symptoms are observed: catarrhal phenomena, ulcerative phlegmon, deep phlegmonoma of the neck, sharp pain in the throat, inability to swallow, the patient takes a forced posture of the head.

Laryngitis in whooping cough and chicken pox. With laryngitis against the background of whooping cough, blood vessels expand as a result of coughing, hypertrophy of the lymphoid tissue, hoarseness can be traced. With chickenpox, laryngitis is quite rare. So, on the mucous membrane of the larynx, single vesicles are observed, the rupture of which leads to the appearance of an ulcerative surface with a pronounced perifocal reaction in the form of edema, difficulty breathing.

Laryngitis with herpetic infection. it rare view laryngitis, occurs simultaneously with herpes of the pharynx. It is manifested by the following symptoms: high fever, headache, the formation of small bubbles on the back of the pharynx, spreads to the surface of the tongue and epiglottis. Herpetic vesicles are prone to rupture, leaving plaque-covered ulcers. Signs include: dryness of the nasopharynx, pain when swallowing, hoarseness.

Laryngitis in typhoid fever. With typhoid fever, laryngitis is observed at 3-4 weeks of the primary disease. Patients develop pain when swallowing, hoarseness, limited hyperemia, swelling, aphonia, stenosis, dense fibrous plaque.

Laryngitis in typhus. With laryngitis against the background of typhus, acute and chronic stenoses of the larynx, vascular thrombosis, changes in deep tissues, swelling, cartilage damage (cartilage disease can last up to 3 months or more), sore throat when swallowing, hoarseness, difficulty breathing can develop.

Laryngitis in smallpox. Laryngitis develops at the beginning of the primary disease (on the 3-6th day) or at a later stage. Accompanied by: smallpox pustules on the epiglottis, arytenoid cartilages, vestibular and vocal folds. After opening the pustules, superficial ulcers remain, which respond well to healing. AT severe cases ulcers can deepen into the perichondria, which can lead to and cicatricial stenosis. In patients, immobilization of the vocal folds, erythema, superficial ulcerations, covered grayish coating, or deep ulcers with infiltration.

Diphtheria laryngitis of the larynx (true croup). Leakage laryngitis depends on the severity of the form of the course of the primary disease -. Diphtheria laryngitis is most commonly seen in children 1 to 5 years of age, but is rare in older children. The smaller the child, the more severe the course of the disease. Diphtheria laryngitis is manifested by the following symptoms: stenosis, dysphonia and a cough corresponding to the voice. The disease develops in 3 stages:

• Stage I (catarrhal phenomena), its duration is 2-4 days, in young children - several hours: fever up to 38 ºС, lethargy and pallor skin, slight hyperemia, nasal congestion, obsessive cough, focal whitish coating.
• Stage II (severe clinical symptoms): sharp deterioration general condition, barking cough (may turn into a silent one), fading of the voice to aphonia, shortness of breath, the appearance of fibrous films, hoarseness, stenosis, intoxication of the cervical lymph nodes, a large number of formations of diphtheria films of a dirty gray color, after their separation, ulcers remain.
• Stage III (asphyxia): drowsiness, indifference, pallor, earthy-gray shade of the skin, cold extremities, rapid breathing, intoxication and reaction of the cervical lymph nodes, atony of the vocal folds and diaphragm, thready pulse, low arterial pressure paralysis of the respiratory center.

Influenza laryngitis. Occurs against the background of any viral infection with influenza type A or B, parainfluenza, adenovirus, respiratory syncytial viral and enterovirus infections. Accompanied by croup syndrome or general intoxication. Symptoms: capillary circulation disorders, necrosis, mucosal edema, rapid development of the disease, airway obstruction, vomiting, headache, child anxiety, shortness of breath, shortness of breath, cough, epistaxis, hoarseness, aphonia, hyperemia (catarrhal, purulent, fibrous, hemorrhagic, necrotic).

Acute subglottic laryngitis. It is localized in the zone of the subvocal cavity. This is an inflammatory process that has arisen due to a respiratory viral disease, which has specific symptoms: a narrow lumen of the larynx, sudden attacks of suffocation, anxiety, inspiratory dyspnea, barking cough with viscous sputum, noisy breathing, vomiting.

Phlegmonous laryngitis. it serious disease that occurs after injuries of the larynx and mucous membrane. Phlegmonous laryngitis can also develop secondarily, be a complication after laryngeal tonsillitis, typhoid fever, measles, scarlet fever, laryngeal diphtheria and other diseases. Symptoms: sudden onset of the disease, sharp rise temperature, weakness, sore throat, malaise, hoarseness, severe illness, intoxication, stenotic disorders, abscess.

Erysipelatous inflammation of the larynx. secondary disease with symptoms: acute onset of the disease, fever, chills, sharp pain when swallowing, shortness of breath.

Acute chondroperichondritis of the larynx. It appears due to trauma to the larynx or an infectious disease (flu, typhoid, measles, etc.), accompanied by the following symptoms: swelling, hyperemia, formation of fistulas during suppuration, pain when swallowing, the patient takes a forced position of the head, fever, difficulty breathing, hoarseness, aphonia, cough, shortness of breath, hoarseness, the glottis sharply narrows.

Allergic edema of the larynx. Occurs after exposure to the body of allergens in the form of household, food and medications. It is accompanied by the following symptoms: allergic edema, rapid development of stenosis, voice disorder, the lining of the larynx has a pale color.

Diagnosis of Laryngitis (acute):

In establishing a diagnosis laryngitis use a wide range of techniques:

• Analysis and evaluation of the epidemiological history and symptoms - examination of the vocal cords, conducting visual inspection lymph nodes, nose, mouth and throat for inflammation (acute laryngitis, with scarlet fever, typhoid fever, diphtheria, influenza, phlegmonous and other types).
• Bacteriological examination of a smear (measles, diphtheria, scarlet fever, typhoid fever, etc.).
• Laryngoscopy - instrumental diagnosis of laryngitis, helps to identify hyperemia, edema, increased vascular pattern, incomplete closure of the vocal cords (diphtheria laryngitis, influenza, etc.)
• Radiography - shows borders internal organs, as well as the accumulation of air in the organs. An increase in organs indicates a disease (influenza laryngitis, etc.)
• Virological analysis and PCR analysis of swabs from the upper respiratory tract is carried out to identify the virus.
• The differential method is used to exclude - parainfluenza and adenovirus acute stenosis of the larynx, laryngeal tonsillitis, acute rhinitis(measles, herpes, diphtheria, influenza), bronchial asthma, pharyngeal abscess, laryngeal papillomatosis, epiglottitis, congenital stridor, etc.

Treatment of Laryngitis (acute):

During treatment, the patient must comply bed rest, peace of the vocal cords, eat non-irritating food (excluding spicy and hot dishes), he is introduced into the diet of alkaline mineral water and abundant warm drink. Therapy includes folk remedies- mustard plasters on the neck, legs and warming compresses.

Physiotherapy is also used: UHF therapy, steam or aerosol inhalations of 2-3% soda solution, chlorethone, vasodilators, herbal inhalations, aerosols - cameton, ingalipt, ingacamf, camphomen.

In drug therapy, they use: soothing coughs and expectorants. With viral laryngitis antibiotics and sulfa drugs are introduced into therapy. In case of a protracted state of the disease, iodine is prescribed in a mixture or sodium iodide solution is injected intramuscularly at 0.3-1.0 ml of 2-3% 3-4 times a day or intravenously 10% solution of 5-10 ml per infusion.

The duration of the disease is 5-10 days. At timely treatment the patient's condition improves rapidly: hyperemia and edema disappear. But when the treatment is delayed, acute laryngitis can turn into subacute and chronic forms.

Treatment of measles laryngitis. Appointed large doses antibiotics, vitamins, inhalation procedures, symptomatic agents. The patient is given gamma globulin, which prevents complications. In the event of a sharp difficulty in breathing, the patient undergoes a tracheotomy. The disease has a favorable prognosis.

Treatment laryngitis in scarlet fever. The same treatment is prescribed as for acute laryngitis.

Treatment of laryngitis with herpes infection. The patient is prescribed anti-herpetic drugs, inhalation therapy, warming compresses on the neck, the patient should be in a state of voice rest. Favorable prognosis for recovery.

Treatment of laryngitis in typhoid fever. Anti-inflammatory, decongestants, inhalation therapy are prescribed. In case of progressive increase respiratory failure tracheotomy is performed.

Treatment of laryngitis in typhus. Complex, anti-inflammatory, symptomatic therapy is prescribed. If necessary, a tracheotomy is performed.

Treatment of laryngitis in smallpox. The goal of therapy is to restore breathing, eliminate the inflammatory process and prevent persistent stenotic disorders.

Treatment of diphtheria laryngitis of the larynx (true croup). The main method of treatment is the introduction of antidiphtheria serum. Serum is injected 2-3 times a day until the plaque disappears, after 1 time per day until it disappears completely. To warn secondary infection prescribe antibiotics and general strengthening, symptomatic therapy. Assign gargling, irrigation with weak disinfectant solutions, removal and suction of fibrinous films during laryngoscopy. In severe cases, a tracheotomy is performed. Patients may develop complications in the toxic form: nephrosis, myocarditis, cardiac collapse, polyradiculoneuritis.

Treatment of influenzal laryngitis. Therapy includes early hospitalization, timely complex therapy. The choice of therapy depends on the severity of the condition of the sick child, the affected organs, the type of virus and the manifestation of symptoms. In case of influenza laryngitis, a hyposensitizing, etiotropic (use leukocyte interferon, anti-influenza and anti-staphylococcal gamma globulin and serum, native toxoid), reflex (vagosympathetic blockade, tranquilizers, antipsychotics are prescribed to relieve stress reactions, peripheral vascular spasm, cardiac agents are administered), anti-inflammatory, homeostasis-correcting therapy, intravenous detoxification therapy, measures are taken to relieve bronchospasm , sputum removal, laryngoscopy. Influenza laryngitis is represented by various symptoms and therapy is aimed at its treatment.

Treatment of acute subglottic laryngitis. Treatment is stationary and is aimed at stopping the edematous-inflammatory process and restoring breathing. Apply different kinds therapy: dehydration, hyposensitizing, sedative, reflex. In severe cases, intubation or tracheotomy is used.

Treatment phlegmonous laryngitis. Aimed at restoring breathing with antibiotics a wide range actions, decongestant therapy is used with antihistamines and diuretics, corticosteroids. The patient should be at rest, he is prescribed thermal procedures - warming compresses, poultices, heating pads, steam inhalations.

Treatment erysipelas larynx. It is treated with the help of antibacterial, hyposensitizing therapy.

Treatment of acute chondroperichondritis of the larynx. Aimed at the elimination of the etiological factor. For this, broad-spectrum antibiotics are used, combining them with sulfa drugs, glucocorticoids, and decongestants. Abscesses are removed. In severe cases, nasotracheal intubation and tracheotomy are performed. Note that chondroperichondritis may have serious complications - aspiration pneumonia, septicopyemia, mediastinitis.

Treatment of allergic edema of the larynx. First of all, the allergen that led to the edema is eliminated, and then the edema itself. For this, glucocorticoids, hypertonic glucose solution, plasma, urotropin are administered intravenously; magnesium sulfate, atropine are administered intramuscularly, diuretics are used, nonspecific hyposensitization, intranasal novocaine blockade are carried out. If swelling increases, nasotracheal intubation or tracheotomy is performed.

Prevention of Laryngitis (acute):

Preventive measures are aimed at preventing laryngitis. Such measures include: increasing the immunity of the child, timely treatment of diseases of the upper respiratory tract, vaccination against childhood infections.

In order to prevent an already sick child, it is necessary to isolate from the rest of the family. After that, it is necessary to disinfect the house and urgently begin treatment.

With influenza laryngitis, prevention is difficult.

Which doctors should you contact if you have Laryngitis (acute):

Otolaryngologist

Pulmonologist

Foniator

Are you worried about something? Do you want to know more detailed information about Laryngitis (acute), its causes, symptoms, methods of treatment and prevention, the course of the disease and following a diet after it? Or do you need an inspection? You can book an appointment with a doctor– clinic Eurolaboratory always at your service! The best doctors examine you, study the external signs and help identify the disease by symptoms, advise you and provide needed help and make a diagnosis. you also can call a doctor at home. Clinic Eurolaboratory open for you around the clock.

How to contact the clinic:
Phone of our clinic in Kyiv: (+38 044) 206-20-00 (multichannel). The secretary of the clinic will select a convenient day and hour for you to visit the doctor. Our coordinates and directions are indicated. Look in more detail about all the services of the clinic on her.

(+38 044) 206-20-00

If you have previously performed any research, be sure to take their results to a consultation with a doctor. If the studies have not been completed, we will do everything necessary in our clinic or with our colleagues in other clinics.

You? You need to be very careful about your overall health. People don't pay enough attention disease symptoms and do not realize that these diseases can be life-threatening. There are many diseases that at first do not manifest themselves in our body, but in the end it turns out that, unfortunately, it is too late to treat them. Each disease has its own specific signs, characteristic external manifestations - the so-called disease symptoms. Identifying symptoms is the first step in diagnosing diseases in general. To do this, you just need to several times a year be examined by a doctor not only to prevent terrible disease but also support healthy mind in the body and the body as a whole.

If you want to ask a doctor a question, use the online consultation section, perhaps you will find answers to your questions there and read self care tips. If you are interested in reviews about clinics and doctors, try to find the information you need in the section. Also register on the medical portal Eurolaboratory to be constantly up to date with the latest news and information updates on the site, which will be automatically sent to you by mail.

Other diseases from the group Diseases of the child (pediatrics):

The word "laryngitis" in Latin means "disease of the larynx". Acute laryngitis, the symptoms and treatment of which we will now consider, has signs similar to other throat diseases, but more on that below. How to treat acute laryngitis in adults, also read further in the article.

Acute laryngitis - symptoms of the disease

Laryngitis is known to be an inflammation of the larynx and vocal cords. It is characterized by a sudden, very rapid onset, without warning.

A few words about the symptoms of laryngitis in adults. The most obvious and common symptom of acute laryngitis is hoarseness, even complete loss of voice occurs. It may feel sore and dry in the throat, as well as pain when swallowing. In adults, a dry barking cough, difficulty breathing, and a bluish tint of the skin may appear; the mucous membrane of the larynx looks sharply reddened.

sore throat,

tingling,

scratch,

dryness of the mucosa.

It is often difficult for a patient with symptoms of acute laryngitis to swallow. His throat turns red, his breath becomes wheezing. Sometimes the patient has a fever, a headache. Often laryngitis is accompanied by a barking dry cough, later turning into a wet one.

Cough in acute laryngitis usually develops after a viral infection. At first, signs of pharyngitis appear - a dry cough, a feeling of dryness in the throat, perspiration. Then the voice becomes hoarse, rough, sometimes completely disappears. Cough with acute laryngitis lasts about a week, but with improper treatment and constant violation of the voice mode, it can become chronic.

Visually, with acute laryngitis in adults, the mucous throat looks reddened, sometimes severely; in the area of ​​the folds of the vestibule, the swelling is more pronounced. From the vessels dilated due to inflammation, the blood that leaks can form purple and red dots on the mucous membrane, such as with influenza with complications.

If acute laryngitis occurs in an isolated form, then redness and mucosal infiltration can be observed only in the epiglottis. Often, inflammation in acute laryngitis spreads to the trachea, and then it develops into laryngotracheitis, a dangerous complication of the disease.

Basically, the symptoms of acute laryngitis go away after a week, while the consequences of the disease can be disturbing for up to two weeks, until they completely disappear.

Symptoms of complications of acute laryngitis in adults

The disease usually responds well to treatment. If laryngitis is not treated, you can earn unpleasant complications. The main complication of laryngitis acute form is stenosis against the background of edema, abscessing of the epiglottis or infiltration. Patients with a similar course of the disease need urgent hospitalization in an ENT hospital.

Especially dangerous is false croup - laryngotracheitis or stenosis of the larynx, caused by acute laryngitis in children. Due to the fact that the child's larynx is small, swelling of the ligaments can completely block the access of air and cause suffocation. Therefore, it is so important to start the treatment of laryngitis on time.

If complications after laryngitis occur suddenly, consult a doctor. If you cough up blood, have difficulty swallowing, strong pain, lost voice or hoarseness does not go away, then be sure to seek medical help, as complications of laryngitis can become chronic.

How to treat acute laryngitis in adults?

Rarely colds“come alone”: the thing is that many people are used to enduring a cold, as they say, “on their feet”. One of the common diseases that accompany a cold is laryngitis. So, you want to know how to cure laryngitis in adults? Read on for tips on treating this disease.

So, if you feel the symptoms of acute laryngitis, do not panic, but start treatment, seek advice from traditional medicine

Gargle. To treat laryngitis, rinses are prescribed (decoctions of medicinal herbs - chamomile, sage)

Steam your feet.

Home treatment for acute laryngitis is to limit the load on the throat. Patients are advised to adhere to the voice mode. This means - do not strain your voice. Don't whisper! It is better to speak quietly, but not in a whisper. So the load on the throat will be less.

It is forbidden to drink alcohol and smoke, eat spicy dishes. Doctors forbid the patient to drink alcohol, smoke, eat spicy seasonings, spices, salty foods, too cold or hot dishes, because. all of the above can irritate the larynx, thereby complicating the process of healing from laryngitis. Doctors strongly recommend refraining from going outside in foggy weather, they advise not to breathe cold and smoky air

Drink more warm. It can be tea, milk, Borjomi. But keep in mind that drinks must be room temperature and not hot. This is especially true of milk with honey, because everyone knows that the properties of honey change when it is heated excessively. Hot in this state is contraindicated for the larynx.

Do inhalations from alkaline water with the addition of herbs. Use traditional medicine recipes. All sorts of sprays and lozenges for the treatment of the throat are excellent. One of the main enemies of laryngitis is warm, moist air, so alkaline-oil inhalations are very effective. They need to be done every 2-3 hours for 15-20 minutes. It's a good idea to put a humidifier in the room of a patient with laryngitis or simply organize the opportunity to breathe steam in the bathroom by turning on hot water.

Use compresses and warm wraps around the neck to treat acute laryngitis.

It is worth attaching mustard plasters.

If after 5-7 days you do not feel better, use antibiotics local action in aerosols, and better - consult a doctor, he will prescribe the necessary drug treatment acute laryngitis. An untreated ailment can become chronic, and then the problem will accompany you for many weeks.

Treatment of acute laryngitis with antibiotics

To avoid complications, as well as in difficult cases, when laryngitis is very neglected or too acute, the doctor suggests treating laryngitis with antibiotics.

Since laryngitis is caused by a variety of pathogens, it is treated with broad-spectrum antibiotics. As a rule, the primary causative agent of laryngitis is a virus, but the viral process often entails an additional bacterial one, and antibiotics should fight against it.

For the treatment of acute laryngitis in adults, natural penicillins, semi-synthetic penicillins, fluoroquinolones (Levoflaxacin, Moxifloxacin), cephalosporins (in the pharmacy it is Zinacef, Aksetin, Cefixime, Ceftriaxone, Cefotaxime), macrolides (they are also known to us as Azithromycin, Sumamed, Hemomycin, clarithromycin) are used. ).

However, it must be remembered that the treatment of laryngitis with antibiotics is a strictly individual process. In no case should you take something that somehow helped your friends: "their" drug may not suit you. Antibiotics are selected only by a doctor, focusing on your individual characteristics, the course of the disease, its severity and the type of pathogen that caused laryngitis.

Antibiotics should also be taken strictly according to the regimen prescribed by the doctor or instructions. By skipping antibiotics, you can cause the bacteria that overwhelm you to adapt to a weaker concentration of the drug, in the end, it will cease to be fatal to them. You will get not just a disease, but a disease resistant to a certain type of antibiotics. Then you have to start all over again.

Therefore, treat the treatment of acute laryngitis in adults with antibiotics carefully, take care of your throat, take your medicines on time. Usually, acute laryngitis, which is conscientiously treated, resolves in about a week.

Traditional treatment of acute laryngitis in adults

For the treatment of acute laryngitis, physiotherapy is used: Sollux on the front of the neck, ultraviolet irradiation, electrophoresis with Novocaine on the larynx, ultrasound and microwave therapy. If a cough has joined the laryngitis, cough remedies are used.

After laryngitis, patients with voice disorders should be consulted by a phoniatrist to correct therapy. Patients after laryngitis are sent to phonopedia, the purpose of which is to establish a sonorous voice and phonation breathing. Such exercises help to improve the condition of the larynx and prevent the formation of a vestibular-folded voice.

Acute laryngitis can be treated with copious alkaline drink, anti-inflammatory drugs, hot foot baths. Prescribe drugs that relieve swelling of tissues, such as, for example, diphenhydramine and suprastin.

First aid for complications of acute laryngitis

If a patient with laryngitis has an acute cough, shortness of breath, you need to call an ambulance, and before it arrives, do the following:

open the hatch and release chest a patient with laryngitis from tight clothing;

to give the patient with symptoms of acute laryngitis a semi-sitting position;

put the legs of a patient with laryngitis in the maximum warm water, in this case, the blood will move away from the inflamed larynx and, accordingly, will rush to the legs, so the edema will be removed - this is the so-called "distracting" procedure);

do alkaline inhalation, that is, breathe over the steam of water, to which 1 tablespoon of soda is added.

Causes and prevention of acute laryngitis

The acute type causes general hypothermia with a weakening of the body. Such laryngitis is viral or bacterial infection. Burns and trauma can also cause laryngitis. SARS, acute respiratory infections, influenza, whooping cough and other infections of the upper respiratory tract can provoke laryngitis. Acute laryngitis in adulthood can also be caused by vocal cord nodes or polyps, ulcers, age-related changes, ligament paralysis due to a stroke, or pulmonary edema.

The causes of acute laryngitis in children and adults can be infectious diseases- scarlet fever, whooping cough, influenza, less often - diphtheria. Then in complex treatment you will cure the disease and the accompanying laryngitis. But also the causes of acute laryngitis lie in everyday problems - smoking, drinking alcohol, constant or short-term overexertion of the throat. If the air you breathe contains a lot of dust, the risk of developing laryngitis increases many times over.

Prevention of acute laryngitis

The main and decisive importance in the prevention of laryngitis is regular exercise (breathing control), hardening of the body, starting from an earlier age.

It is also important for the prevention of laryngitis to observe what is taught in children's cartoons, wash hands with soap, use disposable wipes, do not touch the nasal and oral cavity dirty hands and, most importantly, avoid close contact with people with SARS. There is also a good old proven way that allows you to avoid any diseases - this is hardening ( cold and hot shower, rubdowns and douches cold water). You also need to get enough sleep and spend more time on fresh air.

With all this, for the prevention of acute laryngitis, it is necessary to avoid hypothermia of the body, especially the legs, since it comes from cold feet most of diseases. It is necessary to try to talk less in cold air, in order to avoid hypothermia of the vocal cords. It will be much less likely to get sick if there is less dust in the house and the air is of moderate temperature and humidity.

If, due to the specification of your work, you are in dust or in contact with harmful substances, it is best to work with a respirator to prevent laryngitis or, upon arrival home, inhale to cleanse the mucous membranes and respiratory tract from harmful substances

How to prevent complications of laryngitis in adults?

Be sure to take care of your body after you have suffered laryngitis. Complications may require attention if you are a member of the vocal professions. Great attention should be paid to patients with increased demands on the voice. Treatment of such patients should begin when the first symptoms of laryngitis appear. Great importance is attached to the voice mode, restorative therapy for the prevention of hypotonic dysphonia - a common complication of acute laryngitis.

To relieve discomfort in the throat, suck on cough drops, they moisten the throat with laryngitis and help to cope with laryngitis faster. Choose honey or fruit flavors, mint and menthol dry your throat.

Representatives of vocal professions who have suffered acute laryngitis are required to be under the supervision of a phoniatrist. The frequency of observation of complications of laryngitis is determined depending on the requirements that apply to the quality of the voice, as well as the presence of chronic pathology of the vocal apparatus.

Patients for the prevention of complications of acute laryngitis require a daily examination by a specialist after a voice load from the moment of onset labor activity to correct, if necessary, the volume of the voice load.

Be careful and take care of your health!

Acute laryngitis has a second name false croup and occurs mainly in childhood. This disease is important to diagnose and accept in a timely manner. remedial measures. The acute form of laryngitis is characterized by the appearance of paroxysmal barking cough, which is accompanied by loss of voice.

This disease is treated well, but despite this, the patient should be under the supervision of a specialist, which makes it possible to exclude the development of possible complications.

Causes of acute laryngitis

Acute laryngitis develops in children and adults due to the penetration of viruses into the body, which provoke the development of infectious diseases such as diphtheria, influenza and scarlet fever. The cause of the development of laryngitis is chemical or mechanical irritation of the larynx, as well as overstrain of the vocal cords.

Together with the generated vibration, sound is reproduced. In the presence of an inflammatory process in this area, the ligaments swell and coarsen. This provokes hoarseness of the voice and is the cause of aphonia (complete loss of voice).

Reasons for the development of laryngitis:

• ulcerative lesions localized in the region of the vocal cords;
• the appearance of neoplasms on the mucous membrane;
• chronic forms of sinusitis or sinusitis, as well as an increase in adenoids;
• cancer, trauma and stroke.

Laryngitis occurs due to the impact on the body of a number of certain predisposing factors. Among them are hypothermia, abuse bad habits, malnutrition and obesity, inhalation of polluted air and excessive strain on the vocal cords.

It is also important to take into account factors such as immune protection body and work in adverse working conditions.

The course of acute laryngitis

Acute laryngitis treatment in both adults and children, which should be carried out in a timely manner, is sufficient dangerous disease. The pathogenesis of the disease is as follows:

1. At the very beginning, hyperemia of the mucous membrane of the larynx develops due to damage by pathogenic microorganisms or viruses.
2. In the inflammatory process, the vessels expand, which provokes the infiltration of leukocytes and is accompanied by the release of submucosal transudate.
3. Transudate is the cause of the release of purulent or mucous exudate, which may contain an admixture of blood.
4. Due to intoxication caused by the inflammatory process, edema occurs in the area of ​​the mucous membrane, which is the cause of the development of stenosis of the larynx.

Symptoms of the disease

Acute laryngitis symptoms, which determine the stage of the disease, occurs suddenly. General weakness occurs unexpectedly, with irritability and fast fatiguability. In some cases, during the primary stage of development, an increase in body temperature up to 38 degrees is observed. There is discomfort in the throat, a sensation of a foreign body or a lump.

There is perspiration, dryness and fatigue of the vocal cords. The voice becomes rough or may be completely absent. Initially, there is a paroxysmal dry cough. With timely treatment, it quickly becomes productive. When expectorated, mucopurulent sputum is separated.

Possible Complications

Acute laryngitis treatment, which is started out of time, can provoke the following complications:

• stenosis of the larynx of varying degrees;
• abscess formation of the epiglottis;
• epiglottic mucosal infiltration.

These conditions pose a serious threat to the life of the patient. That is why, in case of acute laryngitis, it is recommended to hospitalize the patient, which allows you to take medical measures in a timely manner and, if necessary, provide assistance to the patient.

Acute laryngitis symptoms and treatment in both adults and children, in which they have a close relationship with each other, should be diagnosed in a timely manner. In this case, the diagnosis can only be established by a doctor based on the patient's complaints. The collected anamnesis and the results of the research procedures performed. First of all, laryngoscopy (examination of the larynx) is performed.

In accordance with clinical picture The specialist determines the form of the disease:

1. acute catarrhal laryngitis is mild form disease, which is accompanied by an inflammatory process;
2. the diffuse form is accompanied by redness and swelling of the mucous membrane in the larynx;
3. with a limited form, signs of an inflammatory process are present in only one section of the larynx;
4. hemorrhagic form is accompanied by the appearance of pinpoint hemorrhages in the area of ​​the mucous membrane;
5. the fibrous form is characterized by the appearance of a whitish coating in the larynx.

to confirm the diagnosis, general urine and blood tests are prescribed, which makes it possible to determine an increase in ESR and leukocytes in the body. X-ray examination at the same time is uninformative, but it allows to differentiate the diagnosis.

Therapeutic measures

Acute laryngitis in children treatment, which is started in a timely manner, as a rule, does not give complications. AT without fail at the same time, rest should be provided to the vocal cords. Even with a whisper, the vocal cords tense up, so you should not talk at all. It is important to exclude such traumatic factors as tobacco smoke, dust and fumes. The air in the room should be humidified and fresh. It is recommended to follow a diet devoid of spicy, alcoholic and spicy foods.

If laryngitis occurs against the background of SARS. The patient is prescribed antiviral medicines. Suitable for these purposes are local antiseptics, like Dekvaliy and Timol. If necessary, the doctor prescribes the use of antibiotics orally. Among the safest drugs, Bioparox can be distinguished.

In the presence of a cough, expectorant drugs are prescribed. It is recommended to give the patient to drink mineral alkaline water and use potassium iodide.

When conducting antibiotic therapy it is important to prescribe drugs intended for recovery intestinal microflora(Linex, Bifiform or Laktovit). Paracetamol, Aspirin, and Ibuprofen help reduce fever. Sore throat is relieved by aerosols such as Oracept, Ingalipt, Hexaspray.

Elimination of mucosal edema

With false croup, puffiness and spasm in the larynx should be eliminated:

1. Nebulizer mouth-assisted inhalations with 5% ephedrine, 0.1% atropine and epinephrine, hydrocortisone, diphenhydramine and chymopsin.
2. Injections of corticosteroids dexamethasone or prednisolone.
3. Introduction « lytic mixture", which includes antihistamine(suprastin, diphenhydramine), antispasmodic (papaverine, drotaverine) and analgin (added for fever).

With stenosis of the larynx, the patient must be hospitalized in a hospital where resuscitation is carried out. In order to prevent the development of laryngitis, it is necessary to treat infectious diseases in a timely manner, avoid contact with an infected person, prevent burns and injury to the mucous membrane in the larynx, and control the load on the vocal cords.