Coma after alcohol intoxication. Causes of alcoholic coma. stages of coma development

Drinking too much alcohol can have serious health consequences. long hangover- far from the worst unpleasant consequence boozy party. The most life-threatening condition is an alcoholic coma. It can occur both in a chronic alcoholic and in a person who has tasted alcohol for the first time. What is an alcoholic coma - means severe ethanol poisoning, which is accompanied by respiratory depression and the functioning of the nervous system. The person may choke on the vomit or stop breathing. In this case, you can not do without emergency medical care.

Few people know how an alcoholic coma is formed. Risk to life can arise not only after consumption a large number alcohol .

A pathological condition occurs at a 3% concentration of ethyl in the blood. To do this, it is enough to drink 400-500 ml of vodka for short span time.

Probability lethal outcome after drinking alcohol increases at a concentration of ethyl in the blood at the level of 5 g / l. Wherein great importance have indicators of health, age and sex of a person.

Reasons for the development of pathological conditions

An innocent feast can turn hospital bed. The consequences of an alcoholic coma can be irreversible, and treatment requires the use of serious drugs. Ethyl is quickly absorbed into the blood, poisoning the human body. However, with the same amount of drunk alcohol of the same strength in people of different sex and age, the state will vary.

There are also provoking factors that contribute to the development of coma:

drinking alcohol on an empty stomach - the lack of food in the stomach speeds up the absorption of ethyl;
drink strength - despite the fact that alcohol-containing compounds with a degree of 40% or more lead to rapid intoxication, drinks with a strength of up to 30% are absorbed much faster;
the volume of alcohol drunk - if the body does not have time to process ethyl, alcohol directly enters the blood.

The reaction to ethyl in all people is different, in addition, the use fatty foods shortly before drinking alcohol, it slows down the absorption of ethyl into the blood, allowing you to remove toxic products from the body before the alcohol concentration reaches dangerous indicators. Not without reason to prevent a hangover and toxic poisoning organism before a feast drink a glass of milk or eat a piece butter, however, lean on excessively fatty foods should not be taken as the liver may not be able to handle the increased load.

Alcohol poisoning leads to loss of fluid in the body, reducing the total volume of blood. Against this background, there is a decrease in temperature, muscle rigidity, tremor and convulsions. With a decrease in blood viscosity and plummet blood pressure the person may lose consciousness. At the same time, the concentration of sugar in the blood decreases, and hypoglycemia occurs. It is especially dangerous to drink alcohol in conditions of low temperature. environment. In this case, the consumption of glucose increases, and the activity of insulin production increases. At acute intoxication develops a coma.

Symptoms and stages of development of coma

In a coma, a person does not respond to ammonia and other products that bring consciousness into normal conditions. There are three stages of coma:

initial - the drunk loses consciousness, his limbs make chaotic movements, muscle contraction may occur. Often there is vomiting or involuntary urination. The skin of the face acquires a purple or cyanotic color, the pupils contract, but react to light. Respiration is frequent, the pulse is slightly increased, as is arterial pressure;
medium - muscle relaxation occurs, pressure drops sharply, pulse slows down. Pupils stop responding to light, breathing slows down and becomes superficial;
deep - breathing is oppressed, becomes rare, due to a decrease in the concentration of oxygen in the tissues, the skin becomes bluish, the patient turns pale, cold sticky sweat is released. The work of the heart slows down, the pulse is poorly felt, the pressure drops sharply, reaching critical levels. The color of the urine changes, there may be spotting. Acute renal failure occurs, which often causes death. At deep stage alcohol coma causes heart or respiratory failure, which can also be fatal.

The symptoms of severe ethyl poisoning are quite expressive, and it is difficult to ignore them. Beyond the signs alcohol intoxication, take place:

constriction of the pupils and weakness;
convulsive twitching of muscles;
blanching of the skin.

These are the main signs preceding a coma. Then comes the loss of consciousness, there are problems with breathing. Alcoholic coma of the initial stage usually lasts up to 6 hours, after which the person comes to his senses on his own.

However, it is almost impossible to determine offhand what degree of poisoning is taking place, and qualified medical assistance is needed here. With absence adequate therapy death cannot be ruled out.

Alcoholic coma the symptoms of which are described above, is the most difficult test for the patient's body. Often in the background alcohol poisoning irreversible processes occur that leave an imprint on the future life of a person.

Emergency medical measures

If a person who has fallen into a coma is found, it is necessary to call an ambulance. Treatment of alcoholic coma in hospitalization may include indirect heart massage, artificial respiration, complex detoxification of the body.

While the doctors are traveling, it is necessary to help the patient. You should put the drunk person on his stomach - this will reduce the risk of stopping breathing during vomiting or spasms. Since alcohol poisoning implies a violation of thermoregulation, the patient must be covered with a blanket and warmed. At the initial stage of the disease, ammonia can help out, but if a person does not respond to it long time, then it makes no sense to insist.

If the patient has come to his senses, he can be offered weakly brewed sweet tea, which will make up for the lack of fluid in the body and help increase glucose levels. If a person is alcohol dependent, then after removing him from a coma, you should start taking anti-alcohol drugs. The choice of these funds is unusually large on the Internet, and a qualified specialist will help you choose the best drug in a particular case.

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Alcoholic coma is characterized by a weakening or lack of response to external stimuli, the extinction of reflexes, prolonged loss consciousness. It occurs when an excessive amount of an alcohol-containing product is consumed. The risk of death is high, since in a coma there is a drop in blood pressure, depression of the respiratory center.

The reasons

The dose of alcohol at which an alcoholic coma occurs depends on general well-being, digestive and excretory systems, sex, age, weight of the patient. For example, 70% healthy men older than 30 years and weighing more than 80 kg, a coma occurs if you drink more than 450 ml of vodka. Risk factors are also taken into account: the likelihood of losing consciousness increases with the use of a low-quality product, the presence of traumatic brain injuries, and the combination of alcohol with drugs.

A coma occurs due to the action of an alcoholic product on the brain. There is a bilateral diffuse lesion of the cortex and brain stem, the reticular formation, which is responsible for maintaining muscle tone. As a result, hypovolemia develops (a decrease in the volume of circulating blood), hypoglycemia (a drop in blood sugar), and inhibition of metabolic processes.

Symptoms

When assisting a patient in an alcoholic coma, doctors face a serious difficulty - immediate action is required, but this species a coma is similar to a loss of consciousness of a different origin. Symptoms of alcohol poisoning intersect with signs:

drug intoxication;
traumatic brain injury;
meningoencephalitis;
hypertension;
hypoxic shock (coma in heart failure, obstructive pulmonary disease, anemia).

The listed pathologies require different measures of treatment, but there is no time for instrumental and laboratory differential diagnostics (when saving a patient who has fallen into a coma, minutes count). The ambulance team has to make quick decisions based on external symptoms.

A clear symptom of an alcoholic coma is the unconscious state of the patient, combined with the smell of ethyl alcohol in the air exhaled by the patient. Other signs intersect with manifestations of non-alcoholic coma (even the presence of alcohol in the patient's blood is not always proof that it was because of it that pathological inhibition of the central nervous system occurred).

Degrees of the disease

Alcoholic coma goes through three stages. If there are no complications, then the case is limited to the first stage (superficial), lasting less than 2 hours. The difficult stage lasts 2-4 hours. A deep coma is dangerous, since it is possible to get the patient out of it only in one case out of ten.

1 degree.

Due to a violation of the cortical-subcortical functions of the brain, the patient loses consciousness, muscle hypotension occurs, and there is no reflex reaction to pain stimuli. Characterized by involuntary movements, reminiscent of convulsions during epileptic fit(trembling of arms, legs, turning of the head, rolling the eyes).

At the 1st stage of alcoholic coma, body temperature and blood pressure are within normal limits, tachycardia is moderate (80–100 beats), weak proprioceptive (tendon) reflexes remain, pupils constrict when a light beam is directed. If you give a sniff of cotton wool with ammonia, an involuntary mimic reaction will occur. The concentration of ethyl alcohol in a superficial coma in the blood is 2-5.5%, in the urine - 4-7.5%.

2 degree.

In addition to inhibition of the cortical-subcortical functions of the brain, disinhibition of the stem and spinal centers occurs in the second stage of coma. Tendon reflexes cease to appear. The pupils of the eyes react weakly to light. There is no mimic reaction when offering cotton wool with ammonia.

At the second stage of alcoholic coma, hypertonia of the upper and lower extremities(looks like convulsions). Breathing is weak, body temperature drops, pulse is less than 80-90 beats. The concentration of ethyl alcohol in the blood is 2.5-6.5%, in the urine - 2.5-8%.

3 degree.

In the stage of deep alcoholic coma, the pupils do not react to light. Corneal, pharyngeal reflexes are absent. The muscles are severely hypotoned. Only the Babinsky reaction is preserved (extension of the toe with dashed irritation of the outer arch of the sole). The body temperature is greatly reduced (up to 36–35 degrees), the skin is bluish in color (due to lack of blood supply small capillaries). The respiratory rate does not exceed 7-10. Mandatory arterial hypotension(less than 100/60).

Diagnostic measures

In the first hours of an alcoholic coma, instant action, time for instrumental diagnostics no. The doctor takes measures on the choice of emergency measures, based on the data of the external examination of the patient. A blood test is carried out after operational detoxification (this is regulated by the Order of the Ministry of Health and Social Development No. 40 “On the organization of chemical and toxicological studies in the presence of alcohol and toxic substances in the body”).

Detailed chemical and toxicological analyzes, CT of the brain, X-ray chest are carried out when the patient cannot be brought out of a superficial coma, a complex or deep stage of a coma occurs. Be sure to determine the CBS, the level of sodium, potassium, calcium, chlorides in the blood serum, and also carry out analyzes of ALAT, ASAT. Additional is the determination of the level of myoglobin, creatine kinase (if you suspect a head injury or spinal cord), clinical analysis liquor, detection ketone bodies. These are measures differential diagnosis, allowing you to filter out or confirm not alcohol causes depression of the CNS.

First aid

If the patient has signs of a severe coma, the task of relatives is to immediately call an ambulance. Emergency assistance travels within 15-30 minutes, at this time it is necessary:

Place the patient in a position where the risk of choking on vomit is minimal ( better belly down, head to the side).
When a coma occurs, the temperature drops, so the patient should be covered with a blanket (putting in an ice bath with alcohol poisoning is prohibited).
Give a sniff of cotton wool moistened with ammonia (sometimes this is enough to get out of a superficial coma).
When the pulse is depressed, hold resuscitation- first aid is artificial respiration, indirect massage hearts.

Upon arrival at an emergency call, a team of doctors conducts therapeutic measures on the spot and in the car during the transportation of the patient. The algorithm depends on the symptoms of the coma:

With respiratory obstruction - mechanical ventilation or endotracheal ventilation.
With unsatisfactory hemodynamics - intravenous administration of Dopamine.
For detoxification, removal of acute symptoms - gastric lavage is performed, Glucose 50%, Thiamine 100 mg, Naloxone 0.4 mg are administered.
In status epilepticus, phenytoin is administered intravenously.

Treatment

In the hospital, the patient undergoes several sessions of gastric lavage using a nasogastric tube. Activated charcoal is then introduced to adsorb alcohol toxins. When moving from superficial to deep coma, the patient is administered Metadoxil 600 mg 3 times a day. Others mandatory medicines are:

Saline solutions (sodium bicarbonate, meglumine sodium succinate, multicomponent saline solutions).
Intravenous dextrose solution.
Vitamins B1, B6, C, PP.

To reduce salivation, a patient in a coma is given an injection of atropine (the drug does not allow saliva to flow into the trachea). To support the work of the heart, the patient is administered caffeine.

The patient in the hospital is under the supervision of a toxicologist, therapist (pediatrician, if alcohol poisoning occurred in a child), an anesthesiologist-resuscitator. In addition, a neurosurgeon, a neurologist, a traumatologist, a surgeon, an infectious disease specialist, a cardiologist, and a gastroenterologist are involved in the treatment.

Consequences and prevention

After leaving the coma, which lasts no more than 4 hours, the patient has a chance for a quick recovery of health. At 85% negative consequences stay in a coma is not observed, the person is released from the hospital after 5 days.

If the alcoholic was unconscious for more than 4 hours, then complications occur in half of the cases. With a deep coma lasting more than a day - in 100% of cases. A common post-coma pathology is myoglobinuria, which occurs as a result of prolonged squeezing by a mass own body soft tissues and muscles, complicated by slow blood flow. Neuritis, muscular atrophy develop.

Another complication is acute renal failure, accompanied by hyperkalemia, hemorrhagic syndrome, hypochromic anemia. In half of the cases, after coming out of a coma, deviations in work are observed. of cardio-vascular system, CNS.

To prevent complications, doctors prescribe vitamin complexes, drugs to improve the functioning of the liver, blood circulation, brain functions. Important: after withdrawal from a coma, it is forbidden to take alcoholic products. If this condition is not met, recovery is out of the question.

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The tradition to accompany feasts and holidays with strong drinks has come from ancient times, they are still popular today. Especially in big noisy company time flies unnoticed, and at the same time stack after stack is released.

How much to drink and what to choose depends on the preferences of the person in terms of types, brands, strength, price and quality. But in any kind of drinks you need to look for good brands and proven names, otherwise poisoning can be fatal.

The composition of any alcoholic beverage includes ethanol in various dosages. It is a neuroparalytic poison that affects all the most important vital organs of a person.

The percentage of alcohol in drinks is determined by its type, and the rate of entry into the blood depends on this. An immoderate passion for alcohol threatens to turn into alcoholism or poisoning, which does not cause anything positive in the body.

There is no doubt that alcoholism is considered a disease, moreover, a severe and chronic disease that causes irreparable harm to human health and well-being.

Prolonged drinking on an empty stomach leads to severe consequences strikes the most important organs, leaving the original relaxation somewhere behind. This is followed by an alcoholic coma.

When does the alcoholic coma start?

Adolescents and elderly people, whose body cannot cope with the load on internal organs. Greatest Danger lies in the fact that a coma overtakes not only people suffering from alcoholism, but also those who drink little and infrequently.

main reason coma is considered excessive drinking and with an increase in portions, the threat increases. Prolonged drinking on an empty stomach leads to disastrous consequences.

If the concentration of alcohol in the blood is 3 ppm, there is a danger of an alcoholic coma. And for this you need not so much at all - enough to drink 300-500 g of vodka with a short time interval, and the body begins to hurt. Especially when strong alcohol is consumed.

If this figure increases to 5-8 g / l of ethanol, then there is a mortal threat to life. For each person, the amount of safely drunk is absolutely individual. For some people, a small amount of drinking leads to an alcoholic coma, while for others, this dose increases.

The threat of coma is determined by a number of reasons:

the amount of alcohol drunk, the more drunk, the more serious the consequences;
the strength of the drink used - it is indicated on the package;
climatic conditions. In summer, in the heat, alcohol acts faster;
ethanol tolerance. Allergic reactions happen even in non-drinkers.
the physique of the drinker - a large and obese person can drink more;
habit to alcoholic drinks;
how often they are used;
the lack of snacks, which threatens with serious consequences, and high-calorie food slows down the rate of absorption of alcohol by half - this reduces its concentration in the blood.

The first glasses of alcohol bring pleasant excitement and quickly raise the mood, which is replaced by indifference and drowsiness. In the future, breathing slows down, thermoregulation is disturbed and brain functions are inhibited.

The use of large amounts of ethyl alcohol causes serious blow along the central nervous system, leads to impaired breathing, heart function.

3 stages of coma development

The first stage is characterized by a change in the functions of the brain.
The patient is unconscious, does not feel pain, and does not respond to sound. Unable to move, but erratic twitching of limbs and chest muscles.

There is vomiting and slight salivation. There is a slight reaction to the presentation of a cotton wool moistened with ammonia, some change in facial expressions.

The skin of the face becomes purple, breathing is frequent and intermittent, wheezing is heard in the bronchi.
In the second stage, there is total loss consciousness, frequent shallow breathing accompanied by wheezing in the chest, spontaneous urination and salivation.
In this case, the muscles are usually completely relaxed, even the reaction to gastric lavage is almost invisible. Blood pressure rises, the heartbeat quickens, the pulse reaches 100 beats per minute. There are no sensations of pain, disturbed vital functions brain, pupils are weakly responsive to light.
In the third, or so-called deep stage, one can observe a decrease in a person's temperature to 35 °.
Blood pressure also falls, the pulse is weak and poorly palpable, breathing is heavy and slow to a complete stop, spontaneous salivation and urination.

The skin becomes moist, clammy and pale with a bluish tint. Muscles weaken, which can lead to tongue retraction and vomit entering the trachea.

Urine acquires brown color, which is an indicator of the development kidney failure.

Symptoms of an alcoholic coma

The first signs of the onset of the initial stage of coma are dizziness, poor orientation in a familiar place, when a person cannot find the right room.

The face turns pale, pupils constrict, convulsions or muscle twitching occur, vomiting. At this time, you can prevent the development of the disease. To do this, stop drinking alcohol, induce vomiting to cleanse the stomach and give him 5-6 tablets activated carbon. Lay the patient on his side so that he can warm up well - cover with a blanket.

Need to offer plentiful drink — warm tea or milk, juice and water will do. This will help to quickly remove the remaining alcohol from the body. The more liquid, the faster the toxins will be released. If the heart does not bother, then you can be treated at home.

In the morning, the patient will suffer from a hangover and headache, which do not let go for a long time. The elimination process lasts for ethanol up to 12 hours.

Only 10% is excreted from the body by breathing, with sweat and urine, the rest is broken down in the liver.

First aid

If you lose consciousness, call immediately ambulance. Often the initial stage of the coma passes on its own within 6 hours, if there are no disturbances in the work of the heart and breathing, but you should not take such a risk.

The sooner first aid is given, the will pass more efficiently treatment. Prior to the arrival of the ambulance, it is necessary to provide the first first aid. What is it?

First of all, it is necessary to clean the mouth of vomit in order to prevent it from entering the mouth. Airways which can lead to suffocation. Then lay the person on their side left hand for stability, the position is pulled forward, and the leg is bent at the knee. When convulsions occur, it must be protected from bruises.

Further assistance is provided medical workers. Upon arrival, the ambulance crew cleans the victim's nasal passages from mucus and vomit.

Providing air access with the help of a tongue holder, the tongue is fixed, preventing it from sinking. next step is the removal of ethyl alcohol from the body. In this case, gastric lavage is done with a probe. At home, gastric lavage is dangerous; it can lead to aspiration.

The further process of treatment, depending on the degree of coma, requires a serious attitude. Patients in a coma are given atropine to reduce the excessive production of saliva and mucus in the lungs. It does not allow the pulse to slow down, stimulates the work of the heart.

To remove toxins from the blood, intravenous administration of saline with 20% glucose, insulin (20 IU) and sodium bicarbonate is carried out. Stimulating the normalization of the heart, injections of caffeine and cordiamine are prescribed by the method of forced diuresis.

To prevent the consequences of hypoxia, which can lead to swelling of the brain, diuretics are prescribed, which quickly remove fluid. For exact definition the amount of fluid injected and excreted by the patient in bladder insert a catheter.

With a decrease in blood pressure associated with a violation of the adrenal glands, prednisolone or hormonal drugs are used.

Vitamins B and C strengthen the cells of the nervous system from the harmful effects of alcohol breakdown products. If breathing problems occur, they enter the respiratory tract, the pulmonary trunk and bronchi are cleansed and forced ventilation of the lungs is performed. In the future, antibiotic treatment is prescribed to prevent pneumonia

Consequences of an alcoholic coma

Specialists medical institution an incision is made on the skin and trochee for air access from the external environment. When rendering timely assistance and treatment, the victim comes out of a coma within 4 hours.

The mildest consequences are headache bruises and abrasions memory impairment. Other complications may lead to more serious violations or even to death, so joke around and put off calling a qualified doctor in this case it is forbidden.

The exit from the first stage of the coma for the most part passes without a trace for further well-being, not counting the morning signs of a hangover and short-term memory loss.

Being in a stationary state for a long time, the muscles are compressed under the weight of the body. As a result of impaired brain function in the third - deep phase there are problems with memory impairment, dementia develops, aggression and lethargy appear in behavior. The ability to speak is lost, limited.

From the collapsing muscle fibers, myoglobin is excreted by the kidneys, clogging the channels, which is the impetus for the development of renal failure. Swelling and subsequently atrophy of the muscles brings suffering from severe pain and leads to necrosis.

The person loses the ability to walk. Gastric juice, getting into the respiratory system, has a detrimental effect on the lung tissue, causing pneumonia.

conclusions

You should not hope at the first sign of improvement in the condition that you can immediately get down to business or go to work.

The rehabilitation period is usually at least 6 hours, and can drag on for half a day. All this time you need to take the above measures, drink more water and most importantly - do not continue to consume additional alcoholic beverages.

If the dose of the drunk is exceeded, it is necessary to determine the alcoholic coma in time and take a number of measures. Emotions and experiences will not help here, and even more so moral moralizing. So only fast timely medical intervention can save the life and health of the victim.

No pharmacies and advice from friends will do what a specialist can do. At the first sign of an alcoholic coma, you need to call an ambulance. It is also necessary to monitor the quality of the products used, because a hangover can appear even from a small dose of a low-quality product.

One of the most dangerous consequences for health in alcoholism - this is an alcoholic coma. The abuse of alcohol-containing drinks often leads to a loss of concentration, difficulty breathing, a sharp change in temperature, and problems of the nervous system. This condition is dangerous, especially if you ignore the symptoms and do not resort to the help of specialists. How to avoid the problem last resort- get rid of her?

What is an alcoholic coma

When abused alcoholic drinks a person can fall into a state called an alcoholic coma. It is very dangerous to health and often incompatible with life. Problems begin when the concentration of alcohol in the blood is 300-500 ml. 1600 ml lead to heavy toxic syndrome. Around 1800 - coma. Above is the lethal dose. Doctors call this severe alcohol intoxication. AT rare cases even small dose alcohol, drunk in a short period of time, leads to a coma.

stages

Coma due to acute alcohol poisoning has three stages:

Superficial coma or first stage. Loss of consciousness, vomiting, profuse salivation, constriction of the pupils, change in skin tone to blue, muscle tissues in hypertonicity, failures of thermoregulation.
Second stage. Decreased blood pressure, slow shallow breathing, rapid but weak pulse, lack of muscle and tendon reflexes, the presence of a reaction when pressed pain points. Involuntary urination, defecation, worsened response to external stimuli. There are involuntary seizures.
deep coma. The third stage is characterized weak pulse and breathing, accompanied by a violation of the heart and pulmonary rhythm, a complete absence of reflexes, an expressive blue skin tone, dilated pupils. Rising levels of ethanol in the blood can cause cardiac and/or respiratory failure. If you do not provide emergency care, the patient may die due to a sunken tongue or triggered gag reflex.

The reasons

Avid drinkers will call the cause of a coma inexperience:

drinking alcohol on an empty stomach;
a large amount of drinking a short time;
varying alcohol strength.

However, both a beginner and an avid lover of alcohol can fall into a coma due to drinking. It is better to avoid alcohol-containing drinks, but if you have a desire to drink, you must follow a series of simple rules: do not drink on an empty stomach, do not lower the degree and stop when alcohol causes not euphoria, but lethargy, blurred thinking, problems with coordination.

Symptoms

Main characteristics alcoholic coma: loss of consciousness, pale skin, low temperature. It is important to take the symptoms seriously, because if you just put the patient to sleep, there is a risk of developing a coma. If there are 3 g of ethyl per liter of human blood, a coma reaction begins. If the dose is 5 or more grams, there is a risk of death.

Diagnostics

A coma caused by excess alcohol is diagnosed in the presence of the coma itself, a characteristic odor on the exhale, and the above symptoms. After rendering emergency care experts are considering the possibility of a combination of several types of coma. For example, an alcohol-induced coma is often combined with a neurological, somatic, or toxic coma.

To diagnose several types of coma, a number of tests, studies and radiation are used in medicine. In a standard situation, specialists determine the stage of coma using tests or tactile studies. Echoencephaloscopy may also be involved in the examination. lumbar puncture. Doctors often find that a coma develops and causes kidney, liver, pancreatitis, or diabetic coma. All this is also caused by severe poisoning with ethyl alcohol.

First aid for alcohol coma

The main danger is to suffocate or choke before the ambulance arrives due to copious excretion saliva and vomit. The patient may have a tongue that will stop him from breathing. If you notice symptoms of a comatose state in a person, do the following:

Lay the person on their side. It is necessary to extend the left arm and bend right leg at an angle of 90 degrees.
oral cavity must be cleaned of vomit or excess saliva. To do this, wrap your finger with a clean cloth or gauze and clean your mouth, which will reduce the load on the airways.
Vomit or mucus may also be concentrated in the nose. You can get rid of it with a syringe.
You can prevent the sinking of the tongue by throwing back the patient's head and pushing forward lower jaw.
If a person begins to have convulsions, try to fix him so that the patient does not get injured due to nearby pieces of furniture.

Treatment Methods

To clear the stomach of excess alcohol that has not been absorbed into the blood, it is worth calling vomiting reflex. The process must be controlled, otherwise a person may choke. Activated charcoal powder combined with large quantity water will help clear the stomach. In case of loss of consciousness, cotton wool will help with ammonia. If the person does not regain consciousness for a long time, see a doctor. In the hospital, the patient will be given a gastric lavage, a dropper will be prescribed, and a series of procedures will be carried out. Upon arrival of the patient, the doctor will prescribe medicines and antibiotics.

Consequences of an alcoholic coma

After leaving critical condition the patient will experience swelling of the extremities, a change in the color of urine to brown, sometimes dark red. There is a risk of cardiac lung failure, hyperkalemia (unacceptable high content potassium in the blood), trophic transformations (rejection skin, ulcers, inflammation), muscle atrophy (loss muscle mass, imbalance of muscle tone), hemorrhagic syndrome (bleeding of mucous membranes). It is important not to resort folk methods treatment, and turn to specialists so as not to aggravate the consequences.

Video

Excessive intake of alcoholic beverages often leads to a serious condition, like acute alcohol intoxication, which is known to many. There are cases when, under the influence of alcohol on the body, a serious condition occurs, like an alcoholic coma. It is dangerous because, unlike simple alcohol poisoning, this condition is fatal. According to today, along with other poisonings, it is the most insidious.

Alcoholic coma is a severe poisoning with ethyl alcohol, as a result of this exposure, the reaction to external stimuli is lost, the nerve centers and breathing, as well as disturbed thermoregulation of the human body. The word "coma" means sleep. But in modern medicine this term under the influence of alcohol poisoning is not at all similar to normal sleep . In this condition, the swallowing and cough reflex are disturbed, there is a weakening of the muscles that control the movement of the tongue. Due to this failure, vomit can enter the body through the trachea.

Alcoholic coma affects the body in such a way that most often ventilation of the lungs is reduced, and breathing is depressed. Alcoholics and first-time drinkers can trigger this life-threatening condition. The cause of this condition is the neurotoxic effect of ethanol on the brain, which is first characterized by excitation, then is replaced by a slowdown in the entire activity of the respiratory center.

Ethanol provokes swelling of tissues, while reducing fluid in the body, and the total volume of blood. This process is called hypovolemia, it contributes to the occurrence of muscle cramps, lowering the temperature and general weakness. All these disorders lead to a decrease in blood pressure, which increases blood viscosity. The blood concentration of 3 g / l can provoke a coma, the concentration of up to 5 g / l is close to the probability of death.

State Clinic

The conditions caused by coma are accompanied by a whole list, some of them develop as serious illnesses organism, while others are characterized by dysfunction of organs. With intoxication, swelling occurs, limbs weaken, coordination of movements is disturbed, sensitivity is impaired, protein and toxins accumulate in the urine. There is a renal, and acute insufficiency, in which the functions of the kidneys are impaired, their filtration decreases. Water, nitrogen and electrolyte metabolism develop symptoms such as:

muscle atrophy;
trophic changes in the body;
hyperkalemia;
hemorrhagic syndrome;
symptoms of uremia.

Drinking too much alcohol leads to a coma. Affects the strength of the alcoholic beverage, naturally with a strength of more than 12 percent more likely body poisoning. It also depends on the human body and the reaction, for each it can occur individually. The amount of food eaten also affects alcohol poisoning. The consequences of a coma are usually a catastrophic diagnosis, especially for the brain. As a result of this state, a complete degradation of the personality occurs.

Alcoholic coma causes the process of myoglobinuria, in which the striated muscles are affected. They are amazed when, under the weight of the patient, they prolonged squeezing. Due to this, muscle fibers are destroyed and kidney failure develops, which is manifested by anemia. If this process is started, then it can develop rapidly, in which case the probability of death is very high. Victims after their recovery from a coma suffer severe muscle pain. The tissues that surround the muscles become denser with a large edema.

Stage characteristics

Alcoholic coma is one of the conditions that occurs against the background of alcohol abuse and destroys the human body. First of all, you need to take care of your health and think about the inevitable consequences that may occur as a result of a coma. The state of coma is a difficult process, it has three stages. At the first stage, which is the initial and superficial, all cortical and subcortical functions are disrupted due to a malfunction in the work of all brain functions.

The patient loses consciousness. He is unable to feel pain, work protective reflexes is absent, but despite this, a temporary revival of reflexes is fixed, which slows down the muscles of the chest. On the this stage body temperature is not elevated, the pupils are slightly constricted, facial expressions are weakly expressed. Shortness of breath, tachycardia is also formed, there is hoarse breathing, vomiting and involuntary urination are often present. The impact on the patient with the help of an ammonia solution in the form of inhalation gives a mimic reaction and weak protective movements are noticed.

The second stage is characterized by a deterioration in the patient's condition, a sharp suppression of all brain functions. Complete oppression of all tendon centers, a sharp decline pupillary, pharyngeal and cough reflex accompanied by a decrease in muscle tone. At strong pressure weak sensitivity of the upper and lower extremities, which disappears very quickly, may appear on pain points. At therapeutic measures, and in response to painful stimuli, muscle twitching occurs, which immediately disappear at rest.

Of all the stages of coma, the most dangerous is the third. Symptoms of neurological etiology predominate, the stage is deeper than the first and second. Its manifestation is usually in the most severe poisoning. The patient is in a deep coma complete absence fundamental, pharyngeal and tendon reflexes, the pupils do not respond to their action from the outside. At the same time, the skin is pale, cold, moist, at low body temperature. There is a rare respiratory rate with interruptions, heart rate with a very low frequency. medical expertise provided data according to which among all poisonings, alcohol leads in terms of mortality.

Help with coma

If symptoms of a coma appear in a patient, it is required to immediately call an ambulance, while specialists have not yet arrived, the victim must be independently assisted. Health care in severe coma, it turns out to be the removal of alcohol from the body. Doctors stop the absorption of alcohol from the digestive system into the bloodstream by gastric lavage using a probe. At the same time intravenously injected hypertonic solution glucose with insulin.

Then injected into a vein saline, which contains glucose, insulin, soda, as well as vitamins B1, B6, and ascorbic acid. Vitamin C helps to prevent the entry of alcohol into the body. This composition of drugs helps the body fight the consequences that the coma caused. The introduction of caffeine to the patient serves to support the work of the heart, and the injection of atropine serves to reduce salivation and helps to avoid the flow of saliva into the trachea. Against the background of these complications, a disease such as aspiration pneumonia may occur.

Doctors usually prescribe antibiotic therapy to prevent the diagnosis of pneumonia as dysfunction occurs. respiratory organs and urgent artificial ventilation lungs.

Physicians prescribe a number of procedures that are carried out with the help of medicines prevent these comatose states. It is not known how long alcohol intoxication can last, depending on the age of the person, his gender, the amount of alcohol taken in the body.

The manifestation of severe alcohol intoxication usually occurs when a huge amount of alcohol enters the human body, as a result of which coma occurs, since a large blow is applied to the nervous system, a decrease in blood pressure, asphyxia can be transformed. You can never guess what consequences a coma will entail, very often irreversible. If the patient is not given prompt and complex treatment, then one of the consequences will be inevitable death.

The consequences of an alcoholic coma occur when alcohol is abused, which often leads to an alcoholic coma. With cravings for alcohol, which affects the organs human body, and is accompanied by the systematic use of alcohol, and also forms a pathological attraction to them, physical and mental dependence may occur in a coma. Which harms the body and many diseases. Most often, patients die from diseases that this addiction leads to.