Why is albumin in the blood low or high? What are the possible reasons for the increase and decrease in albumin

Serum albumin is synthesized in the liver and is most among all whey proteins.
The albumin found in human blood is called human serum albumin. It makes up about 55% of all proteins contained in blood plasma. Normal level serum albumin in adults medical standards ranges from 32 to 50 g/l. However, these norms are questionable - why we will see further. It is useful to know what raises and lowers albumin in the blood. So laboratory experiments have shown that taking retinol (vitamin A) increases serum albumin!!!
And fasting and optimal-calorie nutrition lower the level of albumin, actively spending it. Higher than normal albumin effectively reduces fenofibrate, which also powerfully stimulates.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albumin

It has already been mentioned above that, according to medical standards, serum albumin for an adult is from 32 to 50 g / l. However (as seen in the graph on the left), a decrease in blood albumin levels, even within the normal range, according to the National Institute of Aging (Maryland, USA) and the University of Medical Sciences (Japan, Shiga) may be an independent risk factor for all-cause mortality among older people and a marker aging. These data are based on a 5-year study of US men and women aged 71 years and older in one study and another 12-year study of 1,840 Japanese men and women aged 60-74 years. Albumin values in men below 41 g/l and in women below 38 g/l already significantly increase the risk of mortality and debility, and the most optimal albumin in the blood is 43-50 g/l.

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8089886
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18179493

Too high albumin (above 50 g / l) is also bad, because with such a high albumin in the blood, according to some reports, the transport of vitamin B12 to the brain may suffer due to a decrease in megalin, and this can lead to a deterioration in the cognitive functions of the brain -.

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3032793

A decrease in albumin levels may be associated with starvation, dystrophy, deterioration of liver function, with enterocolitis, pancreatitis, with the use of drugs (valproic acid, ibuprofen, isoniazid, nitrofurans, prednisolone, contraceptives). However, according to the National Institute on Aging (USA), which studied 14,862,630 men and women aged 71 years and older (www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8089886), and also according to 2008 data from the University Medical Sciences Shiga (Japan), who studied 1840 patients, low blood albumin within the normal range (below 43 g/l) is associated with loss of activity in old age. Also low in normal values blood albumin (below 43 g/l) is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular and all-cause mortality. According to studies, this is due to the antioxidant effect of serum albumin on LDL. With lower levels of albumin, LDL oxidizes faster, increasing the risk of atherosclerosis. Also, lower albumin may be an indicator malnutrition and losses muscle mass with senile sarcopenia. Decreased serum albumin can also be an indicator of chronic and acute inflammation.

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Suspecting a patient of certain diseases, the doctor prescribes a test to study the amount of albumin.

Albumin is lowered or increased in the blood, determines the biochemistry of the blood. Testing is carried out according to certain rules:

At healthy people albumin is excreted in the urine in the amount of 30 mg per day. Exceeding this indicator indicates violations of activity of cardio-vascular system, atherosclerosis of vessels. The propensity for protein mismatch to normative indicators is shown by those who are diagnosed diabetes and chronic renal dysfunction.

Consequences of high protein levels

Microalbuminuria is often diagnosed, but elevated protein rarely. If the excess normative values small, we can talk about overwhelming physical activity person before testing. However, such violations are also possible with the following ailments:

the patient is sick with cholera;
suffers from diabetes;
torments intestinal obstruction;
lupus erythematosus.

If a person has at least once revealed an increased protein in the urine or blood, he should be regularly examined and adjust the albumin values. This approach helps to avoid health-threatening complications.

Folk recipes for lowering albumin

Albumin itself never rises, it is only a symptom wrong image life, malnutrition, improper distribution physical activity. Increased protein alcoholics, those who smoke, and people susceptible to viral infections sin all the time.

To smooth unpleasant symptoms and stabilize well-being, it is recommended to prepare a liver collection. Herbs do not need to be harvested on their own, it is sold in every pharmacy and is inexpensive. How is the collection brewed?

Measure out 1 level teaspoon of the herb.
Pour in 250 ml of boiling water. It is possible in a thermos or an enamel pan.
Wrap the container with a blanket.
Wait for the liquid to cool completely.
Strain the infusion through several layers of gauze and drink half an hour before meals. 250 ml - a single dosage, you need to brew a new portion of healing tea each time.

Doctors call the advantage of the liver collection the absence side effects. Also drink plenty of water and in case of persistent diarrhea, take Loperamide. While taking Loperamide, stick to the diet, and when it becomes easier, move on to a more difficult to assimilate dish gradually. Otherwise, intestinal obstruction may occur. If persistent vomiting is tormenting, it is unlikely that it will be possible to stop it on your own. Call an ambulance.

Plasma substituting.

Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics

Pharmacodynamics

Albumin is a plasma-substituting drug that is obtained by fractionating the blood, plasma and serum of donors. Its introduction compensates for the lack of plasma albumin (it is a source of protein), maintains oncotic pressure, increases plasma volume (in some patients this effect lasts for several hours) and blood pressure, and has detoxification properties. Produced in the form of 5%, 10% and 20% solutions. After bottling, the vials are pasteurized at 600°C for 10 hours to avoid transmission of serum hepatitis. 5% solution is iso-oncotic plasma, and 20% is hyperoncotic.

Pharmacokinetics

T1 / 2 is 19 days. Excretion by the intracellular route with the participation lysosomal proteases . In healthy individuals, 10% of the injected solution is removed from the bed in the first 2 hours. Severely ill patients lose significant amounts of protein, so it is difficult to predict the rate of release.

Indications for use

burns ;
hypoalbuminemia on the background alimentary dystrophy, purulent processes, non-specific and tumors gastrointestinal tract ;
medical plasmapheresis ;
replenishment BCC ;
cerebral edema ;
during operations under conditions of artificial circulation;
preoperative hemodilution .

Contraindications

hypersensitivity;
pronounced heart failure ;
hypervolemia ;
pulmonary edema ;
arterial hypertension ;
heavy anemia ;
ongoing bleeding.

With caution is prescribed for (only if the potential benefit to the pregnant woman outweighs the risk to the fetus) and heart failure, with hemorrhagic diathesis .

Side effects

hyperthermia ;
nausea, vomiting;
increased salivation;
pain in the lumbar region;
hypotension , .

Albumin, instructions for use (Method and dosage)

The solution is injected into/in drip. A single dose is determined taking into account the severity of the patient's condition and depends on the volume of circulating blood, and not the level of protein in the plasma. For 5% solution single dose- 300-500 ml, which is administered at a rate of up to 60 drops per minute. 10% drug is administered at a rate of 40-50 drops per minute and its dose is 300 ml. Elderly people are given an even slower solution to avoid overloading the heart. For children, Albumin IV is prescribed at the rate of 3 ml per kg of body weight.

The rate of administration of 20% of the drug is up to 40 drops per minute, 50 -100 -200 ml is administered once. With exchange replacement of plasma, the rate is higher. Since a 20% solution effectively increases osmotic pressure, during its administration there should be alertness in terms of circulatory overload and the occurrence of overhydration . This solution can be diluted with saline.

The instructions for use of Albumin contain a warning that the infusion can be carried out if the solution in the vial is transparent and the glass packaging is sealed. In case of dehydration, the drug should be administered after replenishment of the body with a liquid taken orally or parenterally. Before administration, the drug must be kept at room temperature and it is administered immediately after opening the vial.

Overdose

An overdose occurs when the infusion rate is excessive or when the dose does not match the parameters of the blood circulation. Manifested hypervolemia : increased blood pressure, increasing heart failure and renal . The introduction of the drug is stopped, rehydration and symptomatic therapy are carried out.

Interaction

Compatible with whole blood, electrolyte solutions, erythrocyte mass . Cannot be mixed with protein hydrolysates , alcohol - containing solutions and solutions . When used concomitantly with inhibitors ACE there is a risk arterial hypotension .

Terms of sale

Released by prescription.

Storage conditions

Storage temperature up to 10°C.

Best before date

Analogues

Coincidence in the ATX code of the 4th level:

Plasbumin 20 , Albumin 20% , Alburex , Zenalb-20 , Postab solution .

Reviews

Amino acids that enter the body with food undergo transformations in the liver: some are used for synthesis purine nucleotides , uric acid , creatine , a part undergoes decay, and tissue proteins, hormones and enzymes are synthesized from a certain amount. Hepatocytes synthesize absolutely everything albumins and globulins : 75–90% α-globulins and 50% β-globulins .

Albumin in blood - regulator osmotic pressure blood, and is also a transport protein that carries free fatty acid, ( and ), not conjugated bilirubin , enzymes , medications. Norm albumin in the blood 40-50 g / l., and protein should not be present in the urine. Its appearance indicates the pathology of the glomerular apparatus of the kidneys in arterial hypertension , stagnant heart failure , tumors of the adrenal glands, nephropathy pregnancy and kidney disease.

If in the blood albumen increased, what are the reasons for this? An increase in its level indicates a thickening of the blood. This condition is observed if a person is intensively losing fluid (vomiting, profuse sweating), but there is very little of it. However, its high concentration is not significant.

Albumen can be lowered during pathological processes in the liver - when it occurs a sharp decline its synthesis. As its plasma level falls, oncotic pressure and albumen enters the intercellular space - edema develops and ascites . A decrease in the level of this protein is noted with an increase in capillary permeability, protein losses in severe sepsis , burns, malignant neoplasms, when fasting, and nephrotic syndrome .

FROM therapeutic purpose applied medical preparation- Albumin, what is it? This drug is obtained from donated blood human, not animals, and are used in hypodysproteinemia , BCC deficit - because it has oncotic properties (retains water in the bloodstream and increases BCC ). He is appointed at shocked , burns, hypoalbuminemia at neoplastic diseases, severe purulent-inflammatory processes, with blood loss (in combination with blood transfusion and erythrocyte mass). in mind high price drug in recent times it is used only for severe hypoalbuminemia . In other cases alternative drugs are modern synthetic colloidal plasma substitutes . Albumin is administered intravenously, and since it is a foreign protein, a biological test is performed before administration.

Reviews about this drug are contradictory:

« ... From albumin, the pressure rises even higher»;
« ... 7 droppers made it for me. Transferred normally»;
« ... With ascites, my mother was dripped with it. He does his job, but not quickly»;
« ... The introduction of albumin for 4-5 days increases its level, and then it falls again»;
« ... A child with low albumin was dripped with it. There were severe edema, protein in the urine. Edema went away, weight was lost in kilograms».

What other albumin preparations exist and what are the aspects of their use in medicine? Serum bovine albumin is dry lyophilisate used for diagnostic purposes. Its production process is not expensive, so it is the most common reagent in biochemical research.

Often on the Internet there is a question: “What is food black albumin and is it related to medicine? Should I take it myself and give it to children? Black food albumin is made from blood powder cattle and is included in iron-containing preparation. This erythrocyte concentrate is a source of iron. To improve the taste, condensed milk, sugar syrup, molasses are added.

Really what is it Albumin food black- panacea or self-consolation, delicacy or drug? Useful or dangerous? Considering the fact that the hematogen is produced at pharmaceutical enterprises, you can be sure that the blood undergoes special processing, and this excludes the transmission of various infectious diseases to a person. It is released as a drug through pharmacy chain Therefore, it is not a delicacy, but a drug. It is necessary to give to children and take it yourself in the dosage indicated in the instructions or by the doctor.

An overdose may cause vomit and diarrhea , allergic reactions. Maximum amount- 50g per day for adults and 25g for children. With all this, we cannot be 100% sure that the blood does not contain hormones, stimulants, medicines given to the animal. So it is impossible to establish the true nature of Albumin and what it brings more - benefit or harm.

« … I did not like hematogen, and I did not like its taste. Indifferent to sweets»;
« ... During pregnancy, I wanted it so much and ate 3 pieces a day»;
«. .. I consider it useful and give it to the child, but in moderation!».

Often purchased online, egg white is an egg-flavored powder made from whites. chicken eggs. It is an easily digestible concentrated protein that is taken by bodybuilders as protein shakes or added to meals. It is part of dietary supplement for people intensively involved in sports to build muscle mass.

This protein is used in Food Industry: making wines and cognacs, making confectionery, cakes, soufflés, meringues, marshmallows, as well as in home cooking. Not present in quality raw materials salmonella and coli . In sealed containers and dry conditions, the powder is stored for up to a year. It is sold only in bags of 20 kg. Those who are allergic to protein should not use it. Possible appearance constipation ,

In the human body, various changes in albumin in the blood . Changes in qualitative composition albumins are quite rare due to the work of mechanisms that ensure the homogeneity of the composition of the protein fraction of blood plasma, and quantitative changes can manifest as hyperalbuminemia, as well as in the form of hypoalbuminemia. Also similar symptoms may appear if

Indicators of normal albumin content are 35-50 g / l. An increase or decrease in plasma albumin concentration may be due to various factors both external and internal nature.

Concentration deviations from the norm indicate, as a rule, the occurrence of problems with human health. The reasons for the deviation of the concentration of albumin in plasma are clarified by using laboratory methods. In addition, it is possible to establish the cause of changes in plasma protein concentration by collecting information about the course of the disease and when conducting diagnostic methods research.

Causes of a decrease in albumin in human blood

Elementary dehydration of the body almost instantly increases the amount of protein. This process is provided defense mechanisms person. Blood clotting is also observed with prolonged diarrhea or frequent vomiting. A decrease in the level of albumin concentration in the blood may indicate its unforeseen loss, as well as its insufficient synthesis. A decrease in concentration is a signal of the occurrence in the body serious violations. Severe pathologies. Among the ailments that affect the concentration of protein, the main ones are diseases of the liver and blood.

The albumin molecule functions for about two decades. The entire period of the functioning of the albumin molecule, it provides storage of important for normal operation human body protein. When experimenting with various types fasting albumin in the blood is lowered. The body begins to make up for the lack of protein not due to the intake of protein with food that it does not receive, but due to internal reserves of albumin. Changes in the amount of albumin in the blood are lowered, they also occur during gestation and during lactation. Any habit that adversely affects health leads to fluctuations in the concentration of albumin in the blood. To such bad habits include smoking, drinking drugs and abuse alcoholic drinks. In heavy smokers, there is a constant and significant reduction albumin content in blood plasma. Alcoholic drinks pernicious influence have on the state of the liver, namely, it is responsible for the process of whey protein synthesis.

The reasons for fluctuations in protein content may be due to genetic factors. Failures in heredity can contribute to a decrease in the amount of albumin in plasma. In addition, the decrease in plasma albumin levels is affected by the presence in the body of severe pathological disorders kidneys and liver, and oncological processes flowing in the body. Among the reasons affecting the decrease in the content of protein in the blood plasma, there are also pneumonia and influenza.

A change in the amount of albumin in the plasma towards its decrease may be the result of anorexia and dystrophy. The phenomenon of albumin deficiency is called hypoalbunemia. A decrease in the amount of protein in the plasma can provoke some types of medications, especially with prolonged use. Determination of protein content in blood plasma is carried out by colorimetric methods. The study is carried out on an empty stomach, in the absence of any physical activity. This analysis is so specific that sometimes even squeezing the muscles of the hand contributes to the distortion of the results.

Biochemical analysis of blood today is used very often as auxiliary method when diagnosing. Moreover, the definition of certain indicators is important for specialists in all areas and profiles. One of the frequently studied indicators is albumin or protein fractions in biochemical analysis blood. So if the doctor has prescribed an analysis for protein or protein fractions, then our article will be interesting and useful to you. Let's take a closer look at what albumin is and for what purpose is this component being studied?

Albumin in the blood, what is it?

Albumin is the main, key protein in human blood plasma, and makes up approximately 50-65% of total all plasma. This component is synthesized in the liver, and the lifetime of albumin is approximately 15-20 days. 1 albumin molecule includes a great variety of amino acids, up to six hundred varieties. But still, these protein fractions of the blood belong to a low molecular weight, simple protein group. The main composition of proteins is located in the peripheral blood, but there is also a "spare" part, which is located in the lymph, in fluids spinal cord and intercellular space.

Proteins are extremely important for the full functioning of the human body. Albumin is no exception, circulating in the blood, it performs a number of vital purposes:

binds and transports various substances in the body (eg hormones, acids, bilirubin, calcium, cholesterol, etc.), i.e. carries out a transport function in the body - this is one of the main tasks of this protein fraction;
maintains the pressure in the blood plasma, thanks to this, in a person whose albumin in the blood is within the normal range, fluids do not come out and bloodstream and edema does not appear;
it is also impossible not to note the reserve function of albumin, because protein molecules store huge reserves of amino acids, which are essential for the proper functioning of the body, with prolonged fasting they are the first to be spent.

Blood protein fractions are separate subgroups of proteins, a change in the ratio of which can give the doctor more important information when diagnosing, rather than the result of the analysis for "total protein".

The albumin level is essential, according to which general health person. In addition, deviations of the indicator can signal the presence of rheumatic and oncological diseases, pathologies of the liver or kidneys.

Norm in the blood

As for the norm of protein in the blood, the corresponding limits are set for people, based on age category the subject, the gender does not make a significant difference. Therefore, speaking about the normal values of albumin, the doctor relies only on the age division scheme.

Yes, for kids. early age, an indicator from 25 to 50 g / l is considered normal;

For older children up to 14 years of age, an indicator of 38 to 54 g / l will be acceptable;

For an older population from 14 to 60 years, albumin in the blood is 33-55 g / l;

And in older people over 60 years old, a slight decrease in the level to 34-48 g / l is acceptable.

At biochemical research, the analysis can show a reduced protein in the blood during pregnancy, as well as during lactation, and is most often equal to 30-34 g / l. After the birth of a child or graduation breastfeeding, the indicator should return to normal.

If it is revealed that albumin in the blood is increased or decreased, then this may be due to both external and hidden, internal changes, which often signal the development of an "unhealthy" process in the body.

Albumin increased

The doctor ascertains hyperalbuminemia if the result of the study showed that this protein in the blood is above normal. This is most often indicative of dehydration. This happens, for example, when prolonged diarrhea, vomiting, severe loss liquids. In a state of dehydration, a person’s blood thickens greatly, which can have an extremely negative effect on general condition health.

The situation when albumin is elevated in the blood is quite rare. However, hyperalbuminonemia may still accompany some pathological processes flowing in the body. If the protein in the blood is elevated, the causes may be related to the development the following diseases:

cholera;
intestinal obstruction;
lupus erythematosus;
diabetes;
hepatitis or cirrhosis of the liver;
diabetes;
received multiple burns;
taking certain medications (in particular corticosteroids or bromsulfalein).

There are some non-drug methods how to lower blood protein. First of all, you need to reconsider your habitual lifestyle. Recommended:

stick to a diet, eating foods with low content proteins and carbohydrates, avoid fried, salty and sweet;
do not drink alcoholic beverages, since the kidney, which is affected by alcohol, cannot fully synthesize and absorb proteins;
do not smoke, since chronic smokers have an increased risk of developing hypertension, and more often increases blood pressure, but refuse bad habit better gradually;
drinking more fluids is the main recommendation when elevated level albumin, since dehydration is the most common cause exaggeration.

For more severe situations, medical intervention is likely to be required. In this case, only a doctor can choose the right drug from the group of inhibitors or statins.

Reasons for the downgrade

Hypoalbuminemia is a condition in which the level of the protein fraction in question is lowered, and is less than 25-30 g / l. Reduced protein in the blood is a reason for the doctor to suspect that a person has some pathological conditions, such as:

tumor formations;
nephritis;
leukemia, blood poisoning;
heart failure;
hepatic insufficiency;
rheumatic diseases;
severe injuries and burns;
transferred long and heavy bleeding;
others hereditary diseases leading to a decrease in proteins in the body.

If we talk not about pathological, but about physiological reasons, it is often found that the protein in the blood is lowered during pregnancy, because a woman during the period of bearing a child “shares” everything with him necessary components, including proteins. You can fill the gap with the right choice balanced nutrition.

It is important to note that a decrease in albumin sometimes occurs against the background of taking some medicines especially if they are overdosed.

Also, a decrease in the indicator among cigarette lovers is often noted. The same applies to people who abuse alcohol.

As for ways to increase albumin in the blood, first of all, experts advise paying attention to products that are consumed daily and giving preference to those that have great content squirrel. These include eggs, dairy/sour milk drinks, meat/chicken, oatmeal, fish and seafood.

Poor performance is often associated with a deterioration in the functioning of the liver, which means that the second task is to eliminate all negative factors for it. To a greater extent, this is excessive salt intake, alcohol abuse, the presence of acute infectious / viral diseases, obesity, long-term drug treatment.

Another effective way how to increase protein in the blood is the use of a special herbal drink, which can be found in a pharmacy as liver tea or collection. It will help normalize correct work liver, cleanse it of harmful and toxic substances, and improve general well-being person. Such a drink has practically no contraindications and side effects, but still, before drinking, it is better to coordinate the intake with your doctor.

Periodically by own initiative donate blood for research, monitor your own health and well-being!