Duration of rotavirus infection in adults. Rotavirus intestinal infection in adults: signs, symptoms, treatment, prevention, vaccination. How many days is rotavirus infection contagious in contact with a sick person for adults? Rotavirus symptoms

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What is the treatment for rotavirus infection?

The goals of treatment for rotavirus infection are:

• recovery of lost fluid ( fight against dehydration);
• removal of rotaviruses from the body;
• elimination of symptoms of the disease;
• proper nutrition;
• restoration of the digestive function of the intestine.

First aid for children with rotavirus infection

First aid for a child with rotavirus infection should include:

• Prevention of dehydration. Dehydration is the main reason for the development of complications in rotavirus infection. The fact is that in an adult a profuse ( abundant) diarrhea for 1-2 days can cause severe dehydration. At the same time, in children under 3 years of age ( in which rotavirus infection is most common) severe dehydration can occur as early as 2 to 4 hours after the onset of the disease. To prevent this, the child must be given water. To do this, use liquids containing electrolytes - warm tea, compote, jelly, mineral water ( without gases), saline solutions, and so on. The amount of fluid should be approximately equal to the volume that the child loses with diarrhea and vomiting. This is especially important to consider when treating newborns and infants, since excessive water intake in their body can also be accompanied by the development of complications.
• Baby care. It is extremely important to ensure that during vomiting, a newborn or infant does not choke on vomit, which can lead to the development of pneumonia or even suffocation. To do this, you should constantly monitor the child, and during an attack of vomiting, turn him on his side. You should also regularly change the baby's diapers and toilet the anal area, as the impact of feces on the skin can lead to inflammation or even infection.
• isolation of a sick child. If there are several children in the family, it is extremely important to limit access to the sick child in time, which will prevent infection of other children. Immediately after signs of infection are detected, all family members should thoroughly wash their hands. None of the children should approach a sick child and touch him or his things ( especially diapers, clothes, underwear, toys and so on). The caregiver should also regularly wash their hands after each contact with the child or performing hygiene procedures, while avoiding touching healthy children with unwashed hands.
• Body temperature control. A pronounced increase in temperature in the first days of the disease is not typical for rotavirus infection. However, if the child's body temperature rises too high ( up to 39 degrees and above), which can lead to seizures. To prevent this, the child can be given antipyretic drugs ( for example, paracetamol suppositories, the dose of which is calculated depending on the age and weight of the baby). If the temperature continues to rise, you can undress the child and rub vinegar on him, which will temporarily cool his body.

How many are in the hospital with rotavirus infection?

In uncomplicated cases, the patient should remain in the hospital until all clinical manifestations of the disease have disappeared ( i.e. at least 5 – 7 days). At the same time, in case of violation of the functions of vital organs, with the development of complications from various body systems and in the presence of concomitant pathologies, the duration of hospitalization can be increased indefinitely ( until the patient's condition is stabilized).

Do I need an enema for rotavirus infection?

How to cure rotavirus infection with folk remedies at home?

Alternative treatment for rotavirus infection may include:

• St. John's wort herb decoction. St. John's wort has a moderate anti-inflammatory effect, which allows you to normalize the condition of the mucous membrane of the small intestine. To prepare a decoction 20 grams ( 2 tablespoons) chopped herbs should be poured with 400 ml of boiling water and placed in a water bath for 15 - 20 minutes. After that, the broth should be allowed to cool, strain it thoroughly and add another 100 ml of boiled water. The resulting mixture should be taken orally 50 ml 3 times a day ( in a warm state).
• Infusion of chamomile flowers. Chamomile contains essential oils and flavonoids, which have anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial effects. This allows you to slow down the damage to the mucous membrane of the small intestine by inflammatory processes, as well as reduce the severity of the processes of putrefaction and fermentation in the large intestine ( due to the antimicrobial action of the drug). Moreover, the infusion has a moderate antispasmodic effect, that is, it prevents excessive contraction of the muscles of the gastrointestinal tract, thereby reducing the severity of abdominal pain. To prepare the infusion, 2 tablespoons of chamomile flowers should be poured into 400 ml of boiling water and infused for 6 to 8 hours. Then the infusion should be filtered and taken orally 1 tablespoon 6-8 times a day ( for children from 1 to 3 years old - 1 teaspoon 3 - 8 times a day).
• Infusion of cherry fruits. Bird cherry fruit is an antidiarrheal agent that helps reduce the severity of diarrhea in rotavirus infection. This is due to the fact that the substances that make up the bird cherry fruits increase the strength of blood vessels and mucosal tissues, thereby preventing the passage of fluid from the vascular bed into the intestinal lumen. To prepare an infusion of 25 grams of bird cherry fruit, pour 500 ml of boiling water and insist for 4 to 5 hours. After that, strain and take orally 100 ml 3-4 times a day ( for children from 1 to 3 years old - 1 - 2 teaspoons 8 - 10 times a day).
• electrolyte solution. With diarrhea and vomiting, the body loses not only fluid, but also electrolytes, which also need to be restored. To do this, you can buy ready-made powders for preparing solutions at the pharmacy or prepare such a solution yourself. To prepare the solution, take 1 teaspoon of salt, 4 teaspoons of sugar and half a teaspoon of baking soda. The resulting mixture should be stirred in 1 liter of warm boiled water. The solution should be taken orally 1 tablespoon every 15 to 30 minutes or after each loose stool ( for children from 1 to 3 years - 1 teaspoon every 10 to 15 minutes or after each loose stool).

Can a child walk with a rotavirus infection?

When walking with a child with rotavirus infection, you should:

• Wash your child's hands before leaving the house.
• Make sure that the child does not develop diarrhea during a walk. If diarrhea has begun, it is recommended to return home as soon as possible. At the same time, diapers or other personal hygiene products must be taken with you and destroyed at home. Do not throw them out on the street, as they can become a source of infection.
• Keep your child out of playgrounds. Even with careful observance of the rules of personal hygiene, the child can pollute the rides, swings or benches on which he sits.
• Avoid contact with other children. The reason for this is also an increased risk of infection of healthy children ( e.g. during games). That is why it is better to walk with the baby in the park, in the garden or in other places that are not crowded.

Walking with a child with rotavirus infection is not recommended:

• If you have frequent diarrhea or vomiting. First, it will be extremely inconvenient ( for both mother and child). Secondly, the feces of a sick child contain a large number of rotaviruses, which increases the risk of infecting others and spreading the infection.
• In the presence of high temperature ( over 38 degrees). When the temperature rises, the child's body loses heat very quickly. If in such conditions you go out into the cool air, the baby may develop hypothermia or a cold.
• With concomitant respiratory tract infection. The development of rotavirus infection is often accompanied by a cold or flu, manifested by cough, nasal congestion, runny nose, and so on. Walking in cool air is not recommended for a child in this condition, as it can infect other children, and its general condition may also worsen. Instead of walking regularly, it is better ( 3 - 4 times a day) ventilate the room in which the child is located, while taking him to another room.
• For severe dehydration. If the child has lost a lot of fluid with diarrhea or vomiting ( what will be indicated by severe weakness, lethargy, dry skin and tongue, and so on), he should be immediately taken to the hospital for intensive treatment. At the same time, walking is prohibited, since on the street the child may become ill, he may feel dizzy or he may lose consciousness.

Medical treatment of rotavirus infection

Medical treatment may include:

• preparations for oral rehydration;

• diarrhea remedies;

antiviral drugs ( Viferon suppositories, tablets)

Antiviral drugs for rotavirus infection

Are antibiotics needed?

Antibiotics are drugs that have a detrimental effect on pathogenic bacterial cells ( disrupt the processes of their vital activity, causing their death or slowing down the processes of their development). At the same time, viruses including rotavirus.) are particles of genetic material that are many thousands of times smaller than bacteria and are not even cells. The life cycle of the virus begins and proceeds in the cells of the human body. That is why antibiotics do not affect the course of viral infections in any way and are not prescribed for their treatment.

oral rehydration ( rehydron)

To date, rehydrating agents have been developed and successfully used, which contain all the electrolytes necessary for the body in sufficient quantities. Their use allows you to compensate for fluid loss, thereby stabilizing the patient's condition and preventing the development of complications.

For the purpose of rehydration, you can use:

• trihydrone;
• hydrovit;
• hydrovit-forte;
• citroglucosolan and other drugs.

It is worth noting that rehydrators do not reduce the frequency or intensity of stools or change their nature, nor do they affect other symptoms of rotavirus infection. They only prevent the development of dehydration and metabolic disorders associated with the loss of electrolytes.

Sorbents

Sorbents for rotavirus infection

Diarrhea remedies

To fight diarrhea diarrhea) with rotavirus infection, drugs should be used that strengthen and protect the intestinal mucosa, thereby preventing the passage of fluid into its lumen, and also normalize the intestinal microflora, thereby improving digestion.

To combat diarrhea with rotavirus infection, you can use:

• Enterol. This drug has the properties of an enterosorbent ( binds toxins in the intestines), and also normalizes the microflora of the large intestine, thereby improving digestion, reducing the severity of gas formation and diarrhea. Enterol is available in the form of capsules. Children over 1 year old can be given 1 capsule 2 times a day, and children over 3 years old and adults - 2 capsules 2 times a day. The drug should be taken one hour before meals with 100 ml of warm water.
• Enterofuril. This drug in itself does not fight a viral infection, however, it helps to restore and maintain normal intestinal microflora. This prevents the development of pathogenic bacteria in the intestinal cavity, thereby reducing the duration of diarrhea in the later stages of the disease. Enterofuril is administered orally ( in the form of capsules). The dose depends on the age of the patient.

Antiemetics ( motilium, cerucal)

To eliminate vomiting with rotavirus infection, you can use:

• Cerucal ( metoclopramide). It improves the motility of the gastrointestinal tract and accelerates the movement of food through it, and also inhibits the vomiting center in the brain, thereby reducing the severity of nausea and preventing the development of vomiting. Cerucal should be taken orally at 5-10 mg every 6-8 hours.
• Motilium. It has the same mechanism of action as cerucal. For adults and children over 12 years of age, motilium is administered orally at 10 mg 3 times a day ( half an hour before meals).

Probiotics to restore digestion and intestinal microflora

Probiotics are preparations containing certain bacteria that do not pose a danger to the human body, but inhibit the growth and development of pathogenic microorganisms in the large intestine, thereby creating favorable conditions for the restoration of its normal microflora.

To restore the intestinal microflora, you can take:

• Bifidumbacterin. Contains live bifidobacteria that inhibit the development of pathogenic microflora in the intestines, contributing to the normalization of digestion and protecting the intestinal mucosa from additional damage. Bifidumbacterin can be taken orally ( as a powder to be dissolved in water or added to food) and administered rectally ( in the form of candles). The dosage is calculated depending on the age of the patient.
• Linex. Contains live lactic acid bacteria ( bifidobacteria, lactobacilli), which normalize the microflora and acidity of the intestinal contents. They create optimal conditions for the restoration of the intestinal mucosa, the activity of food enzymes and the normalization of digestion. Children under 3 years of age are prescribed 1 capsule 3 times a day. When prescribing Linex to newborns and infants ( who cannot swallow the capsule) you should open the capsule and pour its contents into food or mix with breast milk, and only then give the child. Children from 3 to 12 years old are prescribed 1-2 capsules 3 times a day, and adults - 2 capsules 3 times a day.
• Bifiform. The drug also contains lactic acid bacteria, which normalize digestion in the small and large intestines. During the acute period of rotavirus infection ( with diarrhea) bifiform can be taken orally 1 capsule 4 times a day, which will prevent the development of pathogenic microorganisms. After the diarrhea subsides, the drug should be taken 2-3 capsules per day ( one every 8 hours). The course of treatment is 2 - 3 weeks.

Do I need to bring down the temperature with rotavirus infection?

An increase in temperature is a natural protective reaction of the human body, which develops in response to the introduction of foreign microorganisms. The fact is that pathogenic microorganisms ( including rotaviruses) can exist only under strictly defined conditions, one of which is the optimum ambient temperature ( about 37 degrees, which corresponds to the temperature of the internal organs of the body). Consequently, with an increase in temperature, the vital activity of microorganisms weakens, which allows the body to more effectively deal with them. That is why at body temperature up to 37.5 - 38 degrees, no action should be taken to reduce it.

At the same time, an excessive increase in temperature can harm the tissues and organs of one's own body. If, during the development of rotavirus infection, the temperature exceeds 38 degrees and continues to grow, measures should be taken to reduce it. The goal of treatment in this case will also be to reduce the temperature below 38 degrees, but not below 37 - 37.5.

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs can be used to lower the temperature. They block the cells of the immune system responsible for the development of inflammatory and immune reactions, as well as for an increase in body temperature. At the same time, the temperature normalizes or decreases.

To combat the temperature with rotavirus infection, you can use:

• paracetamol ( tablets or suppositories for children);
• nimesil and so on.

Diet ( food, menu) with rotavirus infection ( what can and what can not be eaten?)

With rotavirus infection, a diet is indicated ( table) number 4 according to Pevsner, the purpose of which is to “sparge” the intestinal mucosa and, at the same time, deliver all the nutrients it needs to the body.

The principles of the diet for rotavirus infection are:

• Eating small meals 5-8 times a day ( for younger children more often).
• Eating only warm food.
• Refusal of too hot / cold dishes.
• Reception of a well-refined ( mechanically) food that will not injure the intestinal mucosa.
• Receiving a well-crafted ( thermally) food that will not contain pathogenic bacteria.
• Sufficient fluid intake at least 2.5 - 3 liters for an adult).
• Refusal of milk and dairy products in the acute period of the disease.

Nutrition for rotavirus infection

Is it possible to drink alcohol with rotavirus infection?

It is also worth noting that alcohol in itself causes the expansion of skin vessels, as a result of which the heat transfer of the body increases, although the person himself does not notice this. Against the background of elevated body temperature, this can lead to rapid hypothermia of the body and the development of related complications. That is why you should refrain from drinking alcoholic beverages during the entire acute period of the disease, as well as for the next 7 to 14 days, until the intestinal mucosa is restored and digestion is normalized.

How to feed a newborn and infant with rotavirus infection?

The principles of nutrition for children with rotavirus infection include:

• Feeding of newborns and children of the first 6 months of life should be carried out at the expense of mother's breast milk. It contains all the necessary nutrients, vitamins and trace elements in the required quantities, and also ensures the maintenance of the immunity of the child's body, which helps in the fight against infection. At the same time, it is worth remembering that in the acute period of the disease, milk can lead to increased diarrhea.
• Use of lactose-free formulas ( Nutrilon lactose free, Nan lactose free, Mamex lactose free) in the acute phase of the disease. Lactose and other sugars have the most pronounced osmotic activity, as a result of which they attract water from the tissues into the intestinal lumen, contributing to the development of watery diarrhea. Eliminating lactose from the diet will reduce the severity of diarrhea, thereby reducing the amount of fluid lost by the body. This will positively affect the condition of the child, accelerating the healing process. After the acute signs of rotavirus infection subsided ( in particular diarrhea) you can switch to low-lactose mixtures, and after another 3-5 days not the usual ones ( adapted) mixtures.
• If breastfeeding is not possible, nutrition should be provided by adapted nutritional formulas for newborns. Such mixtures include Humana PRE and Humana 1, Nan 1, Nutrilon 1, Baby 1, which should be used during the recovery period ( after diarrhea subsides). In their composition and properties, they are as similar as possible to mother's milk, as a result of which they will be best absorbed in the baby's gastrointestinal tract, and will also increase the natural antiviral protection of the child's body.

Prevention of rotavirus infection

Prevention of rotavirus infection by contact with the patient ( how not to get infected?)

Prevention after contact with a patient with rotavirus infection should include:

• Thorough washing of hands and face with soap. The fact is that during the game, the child could touch his face with contaminated hands, as a result of which the virus could remain on his skin.
• Change of things. If it turns out that the child has been in contact with a patient with rotavirus infection, you should immediately remove all clothes from him and put on new ones. Removed clothes should be washed in hot water with a sufficient amount of washing powder. If the child had toys or any other items with him, they should also be disinfected ( in boiling water or with a solution of bleach).
• The use of immunomodulators. For prophylactic purposes, drugs can be used that stimulate the body's natural defenses, thereby reducing the likelihood of virus penetration into the intestinal mucosa. So, for example, the drug ergoferon with a preventive purpose ( to prevent the development of rotavirus infection) should be taken orally 1-2 tablets 1 time per day. The prophylactic course can be 2 weeks or more.
• Careful observation of the child. After a possible infection, the child's stool should be regularly monitored, as well as his body temperature. If you notice the appearance of mushy or immediately loose stools, bloating, fever, or other signs of infection, you should immediately consult a doctor. When visiting a specialist, you should immediately inform him that the child has been in contact with a sick person and could become infected with a rotavirus infection.
• Rota test. If within 7 days after the probable infection the child has loose stools, you can buy and independently conduct a rapid test to detect rotavirus infection. If the test is positive, you should immediately consult a doctor. If the test is negative, this does not guarantee that the child is healthy. With increased diarrhea, vomiting and a further increase in body temperature, you should contact an infectious disease specialist even if the rota test showed a negative result.

Is there any vaccination vaccine) against rotavirus infection?

The essence of vaccination is that weakened rotaviruses are introduced into the patient's body. They cannot cause the development of the clinical picture of the disease, but stimulate the immune system ( body's defenses), thereby "preparing" it for an attack by a real virus. If a real, active rotavirus then enters the body, the immune system will quickly identify and destroy it, which will prevent the development of the disease.

Rotarix vaccine can be given to children older than 1.5 months. The drug is available as a colorless solution ( suspensions), which is packed in a special sealed syringe tube. The vaccine is administered orally only through the mouth). Before use, you should carefully consider the contents of the syringe - it should not contain foreign inclusions or foreign bodies. After that, you should open the syringe and introduce its contents into the child's mouth, making sure that he swallows everything. Re-introduction of the vaccine should be performed 1-3 months after the first administration of the drug.

Is it possible to get re-infected? does immunity remain after rotavirus infection)?

It is worth noting that immunity is formed only against a specific type of virus that has infected the body. However, this does not exclude the possibility of infection with other subtypes of rotavirus ( of which only 7 are capable of hitting a person). This can occur even immediately after the clinical manifestations of the first infection subside. At the same time, it is worth noting that a vaccinated organism tolerates rotavirus infection much more easily than an organism that “met” with rotavirus for the first time.

Is it possible to bathe a child with rotavirus infection?

An absolute contraindication to swimming is a high body temperature ( 38 degrees and above). In this case, bathing can lead to a violation of the body's thermoregulation and severe hypothermia, which develops especially rapidly in newborns and infants. After normalization of the body temperature of the child, you can bathe.

At the same time, it is worth noting that when bathing a child, stools infected with rotavirus will fall into the water, remaining on the surface of the skin of the baby's anal area after diarrhea. That is why, while bathing, care should be taken to ensure that the child does not drink the water in which he bathes, so that it does not get into his eyes and upper respiratory tract. After bathing, remove the child from the bath and rinse his body again with warm running water.

Also, precautions should be observed by the person bathing the baby. After completing the bathing procedure, he should wash his hands thoroughly with soap ( to the elbows). The water in which the child bathed should be poured immediately after bathing. It is strictly forbidden to bathe other children in it, wash toys in it, or use it in any other way.

Quarantine terms for rotavirus infection in kindergarten and school ( How many days is rotavirus contagious?)

The essence of quarantine is to limit contact between children who have been in contact with a sick child. However, they should be regularly examined by a doctor for fever, vomiting, or changes in the nature of the stool ( diarrhea).

The duration of quarantine for rotavirus infection is 7 days. This is how long the incubation can last ( hidden) period of illness. If after 7 days the child does not show any signs of infection, then he has not contracted rotavirus.

Sanitary rules and disinfection after rotavirus infection

Disinfection in the focus of rotavirus infection includes:

• Wet cleaning, during which all surfaces in the room should be wiped. It is worth noting that wet cleaning should be done not only in the patient's room, but also in the toilet, in the kitchen and in any other rooms where he could be.
• Processing of all belongings of the patient. All patient clothing and bedding should be washed in hot water or steamed. All toys of the child, as well as dishes and other personal belongings of the patient should be treated with boiling water or hot / warm water containing disinfectants.
• Ventilation of premises. All rooms in which the patient was located should be thoroughly ventilated for at least 1 hour.

How many days do they give sick leave for rotavirus infection?

At the same time, it should be noted that with the development of complications of the disease, the patient may need longer treatment in a hospital or at home, and therefore the sick leave can be extended up to 2-3 weeks.

Complications and consequences after rotavirus infection

Rotavirus infection can be complicated by:

• dehydration;
• inflammation of the lungs;

• convulsions;

Pneumonia

Pneumonia that developed against the background of rotavirus infection should be treated only in a hospital. At the same time, the patient is prescribed antibiotics, antipyretics, provides him with adequate nutrition and restoration of water and electrolyte balance in the body.

convulsions

With the development of seizures, you should immediately call an ambulance. Before her arrival, the child or adult should be laid on its side, make sure that he does not start vomiting ( and he didn't choke on the vomit) and so that he does not get hurt on the surrounding objects. Seizures are treated with anticonvulsants ( e.g. diazepam). After stopping the attack, the patient should be hospitalized for observation, diagnosis and treatment.

constipation

To prevent the development of dysbacteriosis, from the moment diarrhea begins, as well as within 7-10 days after it ends, you should take drugs from the group of probiotics. These funds will contribute to the restoration of normal intestinal microflora, at the same time, suppressing the development of pathogenic bacteria.

Is rotavirus infection dangerous during pregnancy?

In the uncomplicated course of the disease, rotavirus practically does not penetrate into the mother's bloodstream. At the same time, the possibility of penetration of viral particles into the body of the fetus is called into question. Moreover, the main treatments ( restoration of the volume of lost fluid, the use of sorbents and probiotics) are not contraindicated during pregnancy, as a result of which they can be used from the first days of the disease at any time. However, from the use of immunomodulators ( immune boosting drugs) during gestation should refrain.

At the same time, it is worth noting that with the development of complications, the risk of intrauterine damage to the fetus increases.

Causes of damage to the fetus with rotavirus infection can be:

• Frequent vomiting. As a result of pronounced contractions of the abdominal muscles, mechanical compression of the fetus may occur.
• Dehydration of the female body. The blood supply and nutrition of the fetus directly depend on the state of the mother's body. When a pregnant woman loses a lot of fluid, her blood pressure may drop. As a result, the delivery of oxygen and nutrients to the developing fetus will be disrupted, which can cause damage to its central nervous system.
• bacterial complications. The addition of pneumonia or a bacterial intestinal infection can weaken the female body and cause damage to the fetus. Moreover, adequate treatment of bacterial infections ( using antibiotics) will be difficult, as this will also increase the risk of intrauterine damage to the fetus.
• Seizures. With the development of convulsions against the background of dehydration and an increase in body temperature, mechanical trauma to the fetus can also occur. Moreover, due to a violation of the mother's breathing, oxygen delivery to the fetus can be disrupted, which will cause damage to its central nervous system.

Can you die from rotavirus infection?

In the development of rotavirus infection, an incubation period, an acute stage and a recovery period are distinguished. After recovery, a person remains contagious for another 10-12 days, releasing the virus in feces.

Rotavirus infection is an acute infectious disease characterized by several stages. The duration of its course differs in different patients. Rotavirus infection how long it lasts depends on the severity of the course of the disease, the correct and timely treatment started. After the illness, the patient still feels weakness and indigestion for some time.

In its course, this disease is divided into several periods:

• the stage of the height of the disease (acute stage);
• recovery stage.

The stage of recovery may be preceded by the stage of development of complications. This applies mainly to the severe course of the disease.

The duration of each period depends on the severity of the disease, and the effectiveness of the prescribed treatment. The disease is longer and more severe in children under 2 years of age and in elderly patients. Children are more difficult to tolerate dehydration, they are also more likely to experience various complications.

Incubation period

The latent period of the disease lasts from one to 5 days. At this time, the rotovirus does not manifest itself in any way, people feel completely healthy, lead their usual lifestyle at home. Nothing worries him. Only by the end of the incubation period do the first symptoms of the disease appear - weakness, lethargy, slight nausea.

Acute stage

How long does the acute stage last? Its duration is from 3 days to a week. Symptoms of the disease develop rapidly. From its first manifestations to the peak of the disease in adults, no more than a day passes. After a slight nausea, painful nausea appears, which develops into vomiting. At the same time, diarrhea occurs. Most often, after the first 24 hours in adult patients, vomiting stops.

In addition, the disease is manifested by the following symptoms:

• diarrhea
• pain in the abdomen;
• an increase in body temperature;
• signs of dehydration;
• SARS symptoms.

Diarrhea is accompanied by loud rumbling, abdominal pain. The rumbling is so pronounced that it can be heard at a distance from the patient. If you feel the stomach, the rumbling becomes stronger. Depending on the severity of the course of the disease, the infected person can recover in a big way from 3-4 times to 20 times a day.

The stool becomes watery very quickly. Its color is yellowish or greenish. There is a lot of gas in the secretions, so they are sprayed in different directions during a bowel movement. Feces have an unpleasant pungent sour smell, forcing you to close your nose and ventilate the room.

Patients complain of abdominal pain. As a rule, they indicate that the entire abdomen or only its upper part hurts. In adults, the pain is less pronounced, in children it can be paroxysmal. There are cases that it is pain that becomes the reason for hospitalizing a child in a clinic.

With each vomiting or going to the toilet in a big way, the patient loses water. This affects his health and appearance. The skin becomes flabby, pale. Eyes sink, facial features lose their usual roundness. The pressure may decrease, the patient feels a strong heartbeat. Urine may become smaller, it loses its usual color and becomes more transparent.

The patient loses weight. In a severe course of the disease, a person loses every ninth kilogram of his weight before the disease. In adults, dehydration comes later. In children, the body dehydrates faster, they endure it harder than adults.

The first manifestations of rotavirus infection may be the appearance of perspiration and sore throat. Cough, runny nose, fever. All this suggests the idea of ​​a viral disease of the upper respiratory tract. This leads to misdiagnosis and, consequently, treatment.

Often the above symptoms are accompanied by weakness, lethargy of the patient. Sometimes the patient has diarrhea only a few times, and the weakness is so severe that he cannot even get out of bed.

recovery stage

With the right treatment, the third stage begins - recovery. Symptoms of the disease gradually disappear, the patient becomes better. This stage occurs in the interval from 4 days from the moment the first signs of the disease appear, to 7–10 days. It depends on the severity of the disease.

With a mild course of the disease, the patient recovers quickly. He has an appetite, the weight is restored to the usual numbers.

In severe cases, this period is delayed, and it takes weeks to fully recover. For some time, the patient does not leave weakness and drowsiness. Periodically dizzy. The patient is forced to adhere to a diet, since any error leads to discomfort in the abdomen, bloating, and stool disorder. Weight returns to normal immediately. The dehydration of the body that a person experiences during the illness is also dangerous.

How many days is a person contagious with rotavirus infection

From the moment of infection until the final cure (approximately 10-12 days), a person continues to be a carrier of rotavirus, and sheds it outside with every trip to the toilet. After a rotavirus infection, a recovered person is contagious for several more days.

Consequences of rotavirus infection

Conclusion

The disease affects both adults and children. The shorter the incubation period, the more severe the rotavirus infection. How many days a person is contagious depends on the state of the patient's immunity, the severity of the disease and the right treatment. The carrier of the virus continues to excrete it in the feces for several days after recovery.

Treatment should be carried out only under strict medical supervision and strictly follow the recommendations of the attending physician.

Rotavirus infection is an infectious disease caused by rotavirus, there are also other names - rotavirus, rotavirus gastroenteritis, intestinal flu, stomach flu. The causative agent of rotavirus infection is a virus from the order of rotaviruses (lat. Rotavirus). The incubation period of infection is 1-5 days. Rotavirus affects both children and adults, but in an adult, unlike a child, the disease occurs in a milder form. The patient becomes contagious with the first symptoms of rotavirus and remains contagious until the end of the symptoms of the disease (5-7 days). After 5-7 days, recovery occurs, the body develops a strong immunity to rotavirus and re-infection occurs very rarely. In adults with low levels of antibodies, the symptoms of the disease may recur.

Ways of transmission of rotavirus infection

The route of transmission of rotavirus is mainly food (through unwashed food, dirty hands). You can become infected with rotavirus infection in a variety of ways, for example, through contaminated food, primarily dairy products (due to the specifics of their production). Rotaviruses thrive in the refrigerator and can live there for many days, water chlorination does not kill them. In children aged 1 year and older, rotavirus may appear when visiting nurseries, kindergartens and schools, since in a new environment there are different viruses and microbes than in a home environment or in a team where the child has been for a long time.

This infection can also be attributed to “diseases of dirty hands”. In addition, since rotaviruses cause inflammation in the respiratory tract, they, like influenza viruses, are spread by droplets - for example, when sneezing.

The virus penetrates the mucous membrane of the gastrointestinal tract. The mucosa of the small intestine is mainly affected. Rotavirus infection affects the gastrointestinal tract, causing enteritis (inflammation of the intestinal mucosa), hence the characteristic symptoms of rotavirus.

Symptoms of rotavirus infection in children

There is an incubation period (1-5 days), an acute period (3-7 days, with a severe course of the disease - more than 7 days) and a recovery period after the disease (4-5 days).

Rotavirus infection is characterized by an acute onset - vomiting, a sharp increase in temperature, diarrhea is possible, and often a very recognizable stool - liquid yellow on the first day, gray-yellow and clay-like on the second and third days. Most patients develop a runny nose, redness in the throat, they experience pain when swallowing. In the acute period, there is no appetite, a state of loss of strength is observed. Long-term observations have shown that the largest outbreaks of the disease occur during or on the eve of an influenza epidemic, for which it received the unofficial name - "intestinal flu". Feces and urine are very similar in signs to the symptoms of hepatitis (light-colored feces, dark urine, sometimes with blood flakes).

Often, a rotavirus infection in a child manifests itself with the following symptoms and signs in order: the child wakes up lethargic, capricious, he is sick already in the morning, vomiting is possible even on an empty stomach. Possible vomiting with mucus. Appetite is reduced, after eating he repeatedly vomits with pieces of undigested food, vomiting begins even after drinking liquids in an amount of more than 50 ml. The temperature begins to rise and by the evening the thermometer can already show more than 39 0 C. When infected with a rotavirus infection, the temperature is steadily elevated and it is difficult to bring it down, the fever can last up to 5 days. The symptoms are accompanied by loose stools, often yellow with an unpleasant odor, and the stomach may hurt. In babies who still cannot explain that something hurts them, a sign of pain is crying and rumbling in the stomach. The child becomes whiny and irritable, loses weight "before our eyes", from the second day of the disease drowsiness appears. With proper treatment, all symptoms of rotavirus infection disappear after 5-7 days and complete recovery occurs, loose stools can last a little longer.

The intensity of manifestation of symptoms of rotavirus infection, the severity and duration of the disease are different. The symptoms of rotavirus are very similar to those of other, more severe diseases, such as poisoning, cholera, or salmonellosis, so if your child has a fever, nausea, and/or loose stools, call a doctor immediately. In case of pain in the abdomen, call an ambulance; do not give painkillers to the child until the doctor arrives!

Symptoms of rotavirus infection in adults

Adults also suffer from rotavirus, but some may mistake its symptoms for a common temporary indigestion (they say, "I ate something wrong"). Nausea and vomiting usually do not bother, there may be general weakness, loss of appetite, fever and loose stools, but not for a long time. Rotavirus infection in adults is often asymptomatic. Despite the erasure of symptoms, the patient remains contagious all this time. The easier course of rotavirus infection in adults is explained not only by stronger immunity, but also by the greater adaptability of the gastrointestinal tract to this kind of shake-up. Usually, if there is an infected person in the family or in the team, then within 3-5 days, the rest will also start to fall ill in turn. To prevent infection from a carrier of infection is possible only in the case of an active immune system.

Treatment of rotavirus infection in children

There are no drugs that kill rotavirus, so the treatment of rotavirus infection is symptomatic and is aimed at normalizing the water-salt balance disturbed by vomiting and diarrhea and preventing the development of a secondary bacterial infection. The main goal of treatment is to combat the effects of infection on the body: dehydration, toxicosis and related disorders of the cardiovascular and urinary systems.

When symptoms of a gastrointestinal disorder appear, in no case should you give your child milk and dairy, even sour-milk products, including kefir and cottage cheese - this is an excellent environment for the growth of bacteria.

The child's appetite is reduced or absent, you should not force the child to eat, let him drink a little jelly (homemade, cooked from water, starch and jam), you can drink chicken broth. If the child does not refuse food, you can feed him with thin rice porridge in water without oil (sweeten a little). The main rule is to give food or drink in small portions with a break to prevent the gag reflex. On days with severe vomiting or diarrhea, you need to replenish the amount of fluid and salts washed out with loose stools and vomit.

The temperature below 38 0 C should not be knocked down if the patient tolerates it satisfactorily. Wet wiping with a weak vodka solution helps to bring down the temperature above 38 0 C - you need to wipe the entire body of the child as a whole, avoiding a temperature difference between parts of the body, after wiping, put on thin socks on your feet. Do not wrap a child with a high temperature.

Treatment of rotavirus infection in adults

No special treatment is required. With severe symptoms, treatment is symptomatic. Avoid contact with children during rotavirus disease, so as not to infect them.

Complications of rotavirus infection

With proper treatment, rotavirus infection proceeds without complications. If you do not give water to a child with vomiting and diarrhea often, especially for children under one year old, dehydration of the body, even death, is possible. If no action is taken, a bacterial intestinal infection is possible and the disease will be even more difficult. Be sure to monitor the temperature of the child's body, a prolonged increase in temperature above 39 0 C leads to the death of cells, primarily brain cells.

Lethal outcome is observed in 2-3% of cases, mainly among children with poor health. After recovery, the transferred rotavirus infection does not entail any long-term consequences and the prognosis is favorable.

Prevention of rotavirus infection

WHO recommends preventive vaccination as an effective remedy against rotavirus.

This disease is caused by pathogenic viruses that infect the human intestine. The acute form of the disease has characteristic features:

• Fever;
• Nausea;
• Vomit:
• Diarrhea;
• Heat.

After conducting appropriate tests, the doctor establishes an intestinal infection caused by rotovirus. If the epidemiological data are pronounced, quarantine is established.

The fight against rotovirus with therapeutic methods includes a certain sequence of treatment:

• rehydration;
• special diet;
• detoxification;
• Taking medications.

When a rotavirus infection is diagnosed by a doctor, it is difficult for him to say how long it lasts in children. It all depends on the state of his body and immune system.

The rotovirus that a child has become ill with belongs to a subgroup of viral diarrhea. Almost everyone can get infected, but children get sick with this disease much more often.

The child's body is very susceptible to such a disease. It is difficult to say how long a rotovirus infection lasts in children. It can go on and on and on over and over again. Basically, a large number of children fall ill with intestinal flu, whose age has not reached two years.

When a baby is breastfed, he develops passive immunity that fights viruses. If feeding does not occur, even an infant can get sick with an intestinal infection and rotovirus.

A relapse is possible six months after the treatment of the disease. A child who is re-infected suffers the disease much more easily.

It is difficult to say exactly how many days the illness lasts. The illness usually lasts about a week. Full recovery can take ten days. Rotovirus is very dangerous for a child, especially immediately after birth. His immune system is still gaining strength.

If the baby has diarrhea, he constantly vomits and feels sick, you should immediately see a doctor. Treatment should be prescribed as soon as possible.

The characteristic signs of rotovirus disease are:

• lethargy;
• Drowsiness;
• Dry lips;
• There is no saliva;
• When a baby cries, no tears are seen;
• The skin becomes dry and flabby;
• Very little urine.

All these symptoms require urgent medical advice. Every day without treatment can only worsen the situation and lead to serious consequences.

Intoxication of the infection can proceed similarly to the symptoms of SARS:

• Stuffy nose;
• Runny nose;
• Easy cough;
• Sometimes otitis or conjunctivitis.
• Why does an intestinal infection appear

It is transmitted through contact with an infected person. If a child has symptoms of the disease, he immediately becomes a carrier of the infection.

Rotovirus is especially dangerous on the fifth day after the onset of the disease. Dirty hands, toys that kids love to taste so much, become the cause of the disease.

The cause of the appearance of intestinal flu can be food that a sick person has touched. Unboiled water can also cause an intestinal infection, since chlorine is not able to kill a harmful virus.

Symptoms

Approximately four days after infection with rotavirus, the baby begins to develop rotavirus infection. This period may be different, it all depends on the individual state of the child's body.

The development of an intestinal infection can take place in several ways. In one case, the child appears:

• Tickle;
• Dry cough;
• Runny nose.

In another variant, very characteristic symptoms appear:

• Diarrhea;
• Nausea;
• Gastroenteritis;
• Pain in the abdomen;
• Lethargy.

When an infection occurs, characteristic signs do not appear immediately. The infection can stay in the body for several days and not manifest itself. It takes on a sharp form a little later.

How long the incubation period can last, how long it will last, depends on the state of the child's body. Its maximum can reach five days. During this period, the active reproduction of the virus occurs. How many children fell ill is difficult to determine at this time. Children feel fine.

But days go by. The incubation period ends. The child begins to rise in temperature, he weakens, he is sick, diarrhea occurs.

To prevent possible complications, such an infection should be treated immediately. You can strengthen the nutrition of the child, give him more vitamins.

Important! Parents may not notice the period of the onset of the disease, since the symptoms of the disease will not manifest themselves in any way. If in kindergarten a healthy baby came into contact with sick children, it is necessary to take preventive measures.

Treatment of intestinal disease

There is no specific treatment for this disease. All therapeutic methods have one goal, to eliminate the symptoms of infection.

In order for the baby to gain additional strength to fight the infection, you need to follow a diet. The doctor prescribes special drugs:

• Antispasmodics;
• Immunotropic drugs;
• Antipyretic.

To completely remove a large number of virus particles, you need to organize the intake of children's antibiotics. The doctor who determined the rotavirus infection prescribes antibacterial suppositories:

• Viferon;
• Lipfeorn.

The course of treatment and the dose of envy depends on the age of the sick person, and can last five days.

To prevent dehydration of the body, the baby must be provided with a warm drink in large quantities. This will help maintain the right balance of fluid in the body and create normal conditions for work.

First, the child is given one teaspoon, then the amount is increased. A positive effect is given by specially prepared solutions:

• Humana;
• Regidron;
• Oralite;
• Chamomile decoction;
• Boiled water;
• rice water;
• Unsweetened compote made from dried fruits.

To remove toxins from the body and carry out its complete cleansing, the baby is given:

• Activated carbon;
• Smektu.

To lower the temperature, you can use:

• Children's paracetamol;
• "Nurofen";
• Candles "Tsefekon".

When there is a high temperature and convulsions, the baby can be wiped with saline (one part of salt is taken for one part of water).

With severe pain in the abdomen, the child is given:

• No-shpu;
• Lacidophilus;
• Riobal.

During an intestinal infection, the child needs to be fed:

• Rice porridge;
• Mashed potatoes;
• bananas;
• Bagels;
• Crackers.

Infants should be switched to lactose-free formula feeding. You can not give the baby:

• Dairy;
• Sauces;
• Vegetables;
• fatty food;
• Meat supplements.

Doctors recommend not to bring down the temperature if it does not rise above 38 degrees. It is believed that the body itself must cope with it.

When the temperature reaches 39 degrees, a child under the age of three is prescribed Cefekon candles. For older children, paracetamol is prescribed at the appropriate dosage.

The use of candles is very convenient, as they can be put on the baby when he is sleeping or awake.

But if the temperature does not drop and does not subside for a long time, children aged one year and above are prescribed paracetamol and a small quarter of analgin.

Reception of drugs should occur with a break of two hours. This applies to suppositories and paracetamol tablets. When taking other drugs, the break should be up to 4 hours or more. The biggest positive effect in intestinal disease is paracetamol.

To reduce the temperature, you can wipe the baby with a weak solution of vodka, but following certain rules. The body of the child must be wiped completely. Drops and free areas on the body of the baby are not allowed. After rubbing, you need to put on thin socks on your feet.

The wiping procedure can be carried out only half an hour after taking the pill from the temperature, and if it has not started to fall. At high temperatures, it is forbidden to wrap the child.

Enterofuril helps to cope with gastrointestinal diseases accompanied by high fever. Take it in the morning and evening for five days. The dosage of the drug depends on the age of the patient. It will also help to cope with prolonged diarrhea. Its analogue is Enterol.

Severe pain in the abdomen in a child will help to remove no-shpa. You need to drop one milligram of the solution into your mouth, drink it all with tea.

When appetite is restored, so that diarrhea disappears, and the microflora is fully restored, doctors prescribe the child "Baktisubtil". The capsule dissolved in water should be drunk in the morning and evening, one hour before meals. The course of treatment lasts five days.

If intestinal flu is treated incorrectly, adverse effects may occur.

The body is dehydrated. This can lead to death. This cannot be allowed. The baby needs to urgently start soldering. In the hospital, the baby is put on a drip.

The baby has an acetonemic state. Ketone bodies begin to accumulate in large quantities in the child's body. They have a negative effect on his brain. This complication occurs due to a lack of carbohydrates consumed during the disease.

There may be seizures caused by high temperature. To prevent the appearance of a convulsive state, the baby's body requires constant cooling, for which a saline solution is used. All parts of the body are thoroughly rubbed until the temperature drops.

Infection prevention

It is very important to observe hygiene. Be sure to wash your hands when you come from the street before you sit down at the table, and so on.

Children should eat fresh foods that have been previously cooked.

The children's room should be constantly ventilated, there should be no stale air in it.

Rotavirus infection is an acute infectious disease characterized by several stages. The duration of its course differs in different patients. Rotavirus infection how long it lasts depends on the severity of the course of the disease, the correct and timely treatment started. After the illness, the patient still feels weakness and indigestion for some time.

In its course, this disease is divided into several periods:

• incubation (hidden) period;
• the stage of the height of the disease (acute stage);
• recovery stage.

The stage of recovery may be preceded by the stage of development of complications. This applies mainly to the severe course of the disease.

The duration of each period depends on the severity of the disease, and the effectiveness of the prescribed treatment. The disease is longer and more severe in children under 2 years of age and in elderly patients. Children are more difficult to tolerate dehydration, they are also more likely to experience various complications.

The latent period of the disease lasts from one to 5 days. At this time, the rotovirus does not manifest itself in any way, people feel completely healthy, lead their usual lifestyle at home. Nothing worries him. Only by the end of the incubation period do the first symptoms of the disease appear - weakness, lethargy, slight fever, slight nausea.

How long does the acute stage last? Its duration is from 3 days to a week. Symptoms of the disease develop rapidly. From its first manifestations to the peak of the disease in adults, no more than a day passes. After a slight nausea, painful nausea appears, which develops into vomiting. At the same time, diarrhea occurs. Most often, after the first 24 hours in adult patients, vomiting stops.

In addition, the disease is manifested by the following symptoms:

• diarrhea
• pain in the abdomen;
• an increase in body temperature;
• signs of dehydration;
• SARS symptoms.

Diarrhea is accompanied by loud rumbling, abdominal pain. The rumbling is so pronounced that it can be heard at a distance from the patient. If you feel the stomach, the rumbling becomes stronger. Depending on the severity of the course of the disease, the infected person can recover in a big way from 3-4 times to 20 times a day.

The stool becomes watery very quickly. Its color is yellowish or greenish. There is a lot of gas in the secretions, so they are sprayed in different directions during a bowel movement. Feces have an unpleasant pungent sour smell, forcing you to close your nose and ventilate the room.

Patients complain of abdominal pain. As a rule, they indicate that the entire abdomen or only its upper part hurts. In adults, the pain is less pronounced, in children it can be paroxysmal. There are cases that it is pain that becomes the reason for hospitalizing a child in a clinic.

With each vomiting or going to the toilet in a big way, the patient loses water. This affects his health and appearance. The skin becomes flabby, pale. Eyes sink, facial features lose their usual roundness. The pressure may decrease, the patient feels a strong heartbeat. Urine may become smaller, it loses its usual color and becomes more transparent.

The patient loses weight. In a severe course of the disease, a person loses every ninth kilogram of his weight before the disease. In adults, dehydration comes later. In children, the body dehydrates faster, they endure it harder than adults.

The first manifestations of rotavirus infection may be the appearance of perspiration and sore throat. Cough, runny nose, fever. All this suggests the idea of ​​a viral disease of the upper respiratory tract. This leads to misdiagnosis and, consequently, treatment.

Often the above symptoms are accompanied by weakness, lethargy of the patient. Sometimes the patient has diarrhea only a few times, and the weakness is so severe that he cannot even get out of bed.

With the right treatment, the third stage begins - recovery. Symptoms of the disease gradually disappear, the patient becomes better. This stage occurs in the interval from 4 days from the moment the first signs of the disease appear, to 7–10 days. It depends on the severity of the disease.

With a mild course of the disease, the patient recovers quickly. He has an appetite, the weight is restored to the usual numbers.

In severe cases, this period is delayed, and it takes weeks to fully recover. For some time, the patient does not leave weakness and drowsiness. Periodically dizzy. The patient is forced to adhere to a diet, since any error leads to discomfort in the abdomen, bloating, and stool disorder. Weight returns to normal immediately. The dehydration of the body that a person experiences during the illness is also dangerous.

From the moment of infection until the final cure (approximately 10-12 days), a person continues to be a carrier of rotavirus, and sheds it outside with every trip to the toilet. After a rotavirus infection, a recovered person is contagious for several more days.

Most often, the infectious process ends with the complete recovery of the patient. The number of complications of the disease is associated with improper treatment, as a result of which bacteria can attach to viruses. With dehydration, you can determine the violations of the kidneys, heart, stomach and intestines. This needs to be given special attention and kept under constant control and supervision.

Some time must pass until the intestinal microflora is restored. In addition, in those who have had this disease, general immunity decreases. Therefore, in the first time after a rotavirus infection, he remains too susceptible to any diseases. This is especially true for babies.

After the illness, you can get infected again and get sick with this disease. They get rotavirus infection again and again in the case when a person was able to become infected with a different serotype of the virus. Not many who have recovered can boast of strong immunity against rotavirus.

The disease affects both adults and children. The shorter the incubation period, the more severe the rotavirus infection. How many days a person is contagious depends on the state of the patient's immunity, the severity of the disease and the right treatment. The carrier of the virus continues to excrete it in the feces for several days after recovery.

Treatment should be carried out only under strict medical supervision and strictly follow the recommendations of the attending physician.

Rotavirus infection is an infectious disease similar to food poisoning, which is caused by a specific RNA virus. The microorganism colonizes and multiplies only in the cells of the mucous membrane of the small intestine. Therefore, the disease is characterized by signs of gastroenteritis. In the vast majority of cases, children from 8 months to 2 years are sick. The older the child, the less chance of infection. The course of the disease can be different, so parents are interested in the question of how long a rotavirus infection lasts in children. In adults, the symptoms of the disease are blurred, so it is rarely diagnosed.

The infection is characterized by epidemiological outbreaks, when the cases of fixing the disease are multiple. This is due to the peculiarity of the virus to remain stable in the environment. At room temperature, the pathogen remains active on household items for 30 days.

In water and alkaline liquid, rotavirus is viable for 2 months, in feces - up to six months. An acidic environment does not pose a danger to the microorganism, it is also poorly disinfected. It dies only when exposed to high temperatures, over 80 ° C.

The transmission mechanism is contact-household, transmission routes are alimentary, from an infected person through household items, dirty hands, toys. Children with weak immunity, premature and low birth weight infants are most at risk of infection.

The duration of the incubation period of rotavirus is on average from 2 to 5 days. Sometimes the symptoms appear already the first day. The first signs of rotavirus intestinal infection in adulthood may develop a few hours after infection, or, conversely, not manifest themselves for a long time, the incubation period lasts 7-10 days.

The onset of the disease is acute. The first symptoms of gastroenteritis appear:

• nausea, loss of appetite, heartburn;
• vomiting, as a rule, single;
• persistent diarrhea is the main symptom of rotavirus infection;
• bloating, pain in the epigastric region, fermentation processes in the intestines.

Vomiting with rotavirus in a child happens 1 day. It precedes the onset of profuse diarrhea. An increase in temperature is not observed, sometimes the numbers reach 37.3 °. The child is lethargic, inactive, refuses to eat, does not sleep well. Babies are naughty, cry for no reason. In some cases, children are restless and fidgety, which is a sign of abdominal discomfort.

Then comes diarrhea. A distinctive feature of the stool is that it is very watery, thin, frequent. It may just come out a yellow liquid.

With rotavirus, there is never blood in the stool. If such a symptom is found, it indicates a dangerous bacterial infection.

Diarrhea with rotavirus in a child lasts an average of 3-4 days, provided that all this is provided to the affected baby with proper therapeutic assistance. This period can be extended if the child is weakened and his body is severely dehydrated.

In infants, against the background of a sharp loss of fluid, symptoms of damage to the central nervous system develop - poorly coordinated movements, muscle cramps, spasms of the respiratory tract. This is facilitated by a high concentration of toxins in the blood.. This condition is extremely dangerous for young children, as it can lead to respiratory arrest at any time.

Symptoms of dehydration in babies:

• crying without tears;
• dry skin, mucous membranes, tongue;
• no urine for more than 3 hours.

Rotavirus intestinal infection lasts in different ways. Its duration is influenced by several factors:

• patient's age;
• general health, the presence of chronic diseases of internal organs;
• timely provision of proper medical care;
• development of disease complications.

In adults, the disease is much milder than in children. This is due to the fact that the body is sufficiently adapted to the effects of external stimuli. Adults often do not pay much attention to developing diarrhea, attributing their condition to eating heavy meals. Without treatment, symptoms may resolve on their own in 2-3 days.

Intestinal infection in children lasts an average of one week. If you do not allow dehydration of the child's body, then the disease can be cured independently at home. Babies under 3 years old are hospitalized without exception.

Children with inadequate treatment often develop complications. The most common is a large loss of fluid. As a result of dehydration, the concentration of toxins in the child's body increases, which makes it difficult for the kidneys to work and poisons the nervous system. Due to the lack of water, the blood becomes thick, the lungs cannot cope with their work.

Possible complications:

• gastric disorders - heartburn, belching, reflux in babies (reflux of stomach contents into the esophagus);
• pyelonephritis (infectious inflammation of the renal pelvis), in severe cases - kidney failure;
• pneumonia - inflammation of the lungs, occurs in 100% of cases in children with dehydration;
• disorders of the nervous system - convulsions, spasm of the trachea and bronchi, in severe cases - respiratory arrest.

If after an intestinal infection diarrhea does not go away for a long time, this indicates a serious infectious disease such as cholera. Its main symptoms are similar to rotavirus - vomiting, watery diarrhea, dehydration.

There is no acquired immunity from rotavirus infection. There are specific vaccines that are used twice with an interval of a month. It is advisable to vaccinate at the age of 4 to 8 months. At an older age, it is not effective.

A sick person is a danger to others. Therefore, it is better for people with poor health to avoid contact with the sick. The danger of infection lasts for about a month.

With a satisfactory course of the disease without complications, the full recovery of the child occurs after 10 days.

The main treatment for rotavirus infection is the constant fight against dehydration. The amount of liquid for oral administration (per day):

• children under 2 years old - from 800 ml to 1 liter;
• children from 2 to 7 years old - 1.5 l;
• children from 8 to 14 years old - 2 liters;
• adolescents and adults - at least 3 liters.

If the body does not receive a sufficient volume of fluid, the patient is hospitalized and rehydration therapy is carried out - intravenous infusion of saline solutions (Trisol, Ringer-Lock solution, glucose, saline).

How to reduce the risk of infection of the body? It is enough to follow simple rules:

• observe personal hygiene (washing hands after walking on the street, going to the toilet, traveling in public transport);
• avoid contact with a sick person;
• do not eat spoiled or suspicious food, water;
• vaccinate babies in a timely manner.

Rotavirus infection is a common disease. According to WHO statistics, 125 million children fall ill with it every year in the world. If parents know the symptoms, development and duration of the disease, they will be able to provide timely assistance to the child, avoid hospitalization and complications.

What is rotavirus intestinal infection ( intestinal flu)?

Rotavirus infection is an infectious disease

intestines

Called by specific

viruses

rotaviruses) and manifested

diarrhea ( diarrhea) vomiting

dehydration

body and other characteristics.

Previously, this disease was also called intestinal flu, although rotavirus has nothing to do with the influenza virus. The fact is that the peak incidence of rotavirus infection occurs in the cold season ( that is, for the autumn-winter period), when a large number of people also suffer from colds, including the flu.

As a result, in many people with influenza, after infection with rotavirus, symptoms of intestinal damage also began to appear, which was the reason for the similar name of the pathology.

Epidemiology ( incidence of rotavirus infection)

Rotavirus infection mainly affects young children (

both boys and girls under the age of 3), while among older children and the adult population, this disease is less common. This is explained by the fact that after an illness, a child develops a relatively stable

immunity

Preventing the development of the disease in the future. At the same time, it should be noted that according to recent studies, almost all children before the age of three have rotavirus infection at least 1-2 times.

The causes of the spread of rotavirus infection among children can be:

• Weakness of the immune system. Immunity ( body's ability to resist infections) of a newborn and a child of the first three years of life is not yet fully formed and cannot provide full protection, and therefore the risk of infection with various viruses increases.
• Anatomical structure of the intestinal mucosa. As a result of laboratory studies, it was found that rotavirus ( infectious agent) is easily attached to the cells of the mucous membrane of the small intestine of the child. At the same time, it attaches very poorly to the mucous membrane of the small intestine of an adult, which reduces the risk of infection.

It is worth noting that the risk of infection and the development of the disease is also increased in older people, due to the weakening of their immunity and the inability of their body to adequately fight viral infections.

The peak incidence, as well as the development of epidemics, falls on the cold season ( October to April), while rotavirus infection is extremely rare during the summer months. This is due to the properties of rotavirus, which survives very poorly in heat, but can exist for quite a long time at low temperatures.

As already mentioned, the causative agent of infection is rotavirus, which is excreted from the body of a sick person along with feces from the first days of the disease, and also within a few days after the disappearance of clinical symptoms (

diarrhea). It is also worth noting that the source of the virus can be not only the patient (

that is, a person who has obvious signs of the disease), but also an asymptomatic carrier of the infection. The carrier does not have any gastrointestinal symptoms, but virus particles are also shed in his feces.

The main route of transmission of the virus from a sick person to a healthy person is fecal-oral. Its essence is as follows. After entering the human body, the virus enters the cells of the intestinal mucosa, starting to multiply actively in them. In the future, these cells are separated from the mucous membrane and, together with feces, are excreted from the human body. At the same time, the viral particles in them retain their viability.

If in the future a healthy person comes into contact with any objects contaminated with the feces of the patient ( it can be soil, poorly treated toilet surfaces, toilet door handles, towels, unwashed hands of a sick person, and so on.), viral particles can get on the skin of his hands. If after that a person takes any food with unwashed hands ( or just put your fingers in your mouth, which is common in young children), viral particles will enter his gastrointestinal tract. After passing through the stomach and reaching the intestines, they are reactivated and penetrate into the cells of its mucous membrane, causing their damage and the development of the clinical picture of rotavirus infection.

Animals and humans are affected by different subspecies of rotaviruses, and therefore animal viruses are usually not dangerous to humans. However, there are documented cases of people who have been in contact with sick animals developing rotavirus infection.

It is assumed that the interaction of animal rotavirus with human rotavirus ( for example, being an asymptomatic carrier of an infection) in the "human" virus, certain changes can occur, as a result of which it can be activated and cause a clinical picture of the disease. However, to date, scientists do not exclude the possibility of direct human infection with animal rotaviruses.

To date, scientists have not been able to unambiguously determine whether rotavirus is capable of infecting the mucous membrane of the respiratory tract and being transmitted from a sick person to a healthy person along with inhaled air (

i.e. airborne).

On the one hand, in many children before the onset of diarrhea ( diarrhea) caused by rotavirus, there are signs of damage to the upper respiratory tract. Moreover, even after the onset of symptoms of rotavirus infection, these children do not develop either a cold or flu. This may suggest that rotavirus initially infects the respiratory mucosa and then enters the intestine and infects its mucosal cells.

At the same time, it is worth noting that as a result of many laboratory studies, scientists have not been able to isolate viral particles from the cells of the mucous membrane of the respiratory tract. At the same time, rotaviruses are detected in the cells of the intestinal mucosa in almost 100% of cases of infection.

To understand the mechanism of damage to the body and the development of symptoms of rotavirus infection, certain knowledge about the structure and functioning of the intestine is necessary.

Under normal conditions, the intestinal mucosa consists of so-called villi - outgrowths that protrude into the intestinal lumen. The villi are covered with epithelial cells ( mucosal cells), which provide digestion and absorption of nutrients from the intestines into the blood. It should be noted that only “mature” ( differentiated) epitheliocytes, which are located in the region of the tops of the villi. At the same time, immature cells are located at the base of the villi, which cannot normally absorb products from the intestinal lumen. As they differentiate, immature epitheliocytes move higher and higher, reaching the top of the villus at the moment when they become fully "mature".

The essence of rotavirus infection is that viral particles affect only mature epithelial cells of the small intestine. The cells affected by the virus are destroyed and rejected by the mucous membrane, as a result of which its absorption capacity is reduced. This triggers compensatory reactions, as a result of which "immature" cells begin to move to the top of the villi much faster. At the same time, they do not have time to fully differentiate, as a result of which they cannot ensure normal absorption of nutrients from the lumen of the small intestine.

As the disease develops, there is also a violation of blood microcirculation in the area of ​​the mucous membrane, that is, its ischemia develops ( oxygen starvation). This triggers the development of local inflammatory processes and the release of so-called biologically active substances into the tissues that support inflammation. As a result of the described reactions, there is an even greater damage to the mucous membrane and an even more pronounced malabsorption in the intestine, which increases the severity of the clinical manifestations of the disease.

It is also worth noting that in uncomplicated cases, the virus affects only the mucous membrane of the small intestine. At the same time, with a decrease in the body's defenses, viral particles with the blood and lymph flow can spread to other tissues and organs ( to the liver, brain and spinal cord and so on), causing their defeat and violation of their functions. This may be accompanied by the development of systemic manifestations of the disease and other symptoms associated with damage to certain organs.

Symptoms, signs and course ( how does rotavirus infection manifest itself in children, adolescents, adults?)

Symptoms of rotavirus infection are caused by damage to the intestinal mucosa and malabsorption of nutrients, as well as disruption of the immune system and the whole organism.

Rotavirus infection can manifest itself:

• nausea;
• vomiting;
• diarrhea ( diarrhea);
• pain in the abdomen;
• bloating;

• an increase in body temperature;
• general weakness;
• headaches;
• dizziness.

How long is the incubation period? Incubation ( hidden, asymptomatic) the period with rotavirus infection can last from 1 to 5 - 7 days, although sometimes it can be as little as 15 hours.

The incubation period is the time from the moment a person becomes infected until the first symptoms of infection appear. During the incubation period, the rotavirus has already entered the human body, struck the mucous membrane of its intestines and began to actively multiply in it. At the same time, digestion has not yet been disturbed, and there are no systemic manifestations of the disease, since the viral particles have not yet entered the bloodstream, and the body's immune system has not yet begun to fight the infection.

It is worth noting that during the incubation period, some patients may complain of weakness, fatigue, sore throat, cough, fever, or other similar symptoms. This may be due to a viral infection of the upper respiratory tract that developed before the infection with rotavirus.

The incubation period is followed by an acute onset of the disease, accompanied by a rapid development and increase in all characteristic signs. From the moment the first symptoms appear to the full development of the clinical picture of rotavirus infection, it takes from 1 to 4-5 hours.

Nausea and vomiting

One of the characteristic signs of the disease observed in rotavirus infection in 100% of cases. In more than half of cases, vomiting is the first sign of infection. Vomiting is usually single, but sometimes it can be repeated 2-3 times. The vomit contains recently eaten food (

if the person has eaten before), may contain bile impurities. Profuse (

watery, thin, profuse) vomiting is usually not observed.

The cause of vomiting is the penetration of the virus into the intestinal mucosa and its defeat. This triggers the body's defense mechanisms, the purpose of which is to prevent infection and toxins from entering the body. Peristalsis ( motility) the intestines are disturbed, and the patient has an urge to vomit. After vomiting, the patient usually experiences some relief associated with the emptying of the stomach and upper small intestine.

In more than half of the cases, vomiting stops by the end of the first day of the development of the disease, but sometimes it can last 2-3 days.

Diarrhea appears simultaneously with vomiting or within an hour after it. The mechanism of development of this symptom is directly related to damage to the mucous membrane of the small intestine.

As mentioned earlier, when the cells of the intestinal mucosa are destroyed by rotaviruses, the absorption of nutrients from the lumen of the small intestine is disrupted. Non-absorbed substances remaining in the intestinal lumen have the so-called osmotic activity, that is, the ability to attract fluid to themselves. As the disease progresses, the concentration of osmotically active substances in the small intestine increases, as a result of which a large amount of fluid begins to move into its lumen. Moreover, these substances prevent the absorption of fluid in the large intestine, which also contributes to its accumulation in the intestinal lumen. This is the main reason for the development of diarrhea, as well as many complications of this disease.

Diarrhea in rotavirus infection is characterized by:

• Sudden and frequent urge to defecate. They can occur from 2 to 3 times a day ( with mild disease) up to 20 - 50 or more times a day ( in severe disease).
• imperative ( imperative) the urge to defecate. These urges are so strong that the patient cannot restrain them.

During the first 1-2 bowel movements, the stool may be normal ( formalized), since the normal feces that were there will stand out from the large intestine. However, soon the feces will become liquid, acquiring properties characteristic of this pathology.

Stool with rotavirus infection:

• Liquid- first in the form of gruel, and then watery.
• Foamy- after a bowel movement, foam may be observed on the surface of the stool.
• Fetid- after a bowel movement, an unpleasant odor is felt, the occurrence of which is explained by the intensification of the processes of decay and fermentation in the large intestine.
• Greenish or yellowish.

Sometimes the feces may contain a small amount of viscous mucus, but this is not a characteristic sign of a rotavirus infection. The duration of diarrhea varies depending on the form of the disease and can range from 1 to 3 to 6 days.

Abdominal pain is a common but not mandatory symptom of rotavirus infection. Patients may complain of aching, pulling or cramping pains in the upper and lower abdomen, which may worsen during diarrhea or vomiting. Pain is caused by spasm

pronounced reduction) muscle fibers of the intestine, developing against the background of its increased activity. Attacks of pain in this case can occur 1 time 3 - 5 minutes (

or less frequently, which would correspond to intestinal contractions). The pain persists for 10 to 30 seconds and may be accompanied by an increased urge to defecate, after which it quickly disappears.

With rotavirus infection, bloating is observed, which is directly related to indigestion.

As mentioned earlier, with this pathology, the absorption of nutrients from the small intestine is disrupted, as a result of which they attract fluid and move on ( into the large intestine). The human large intestine normally contains many different bacteria that take part in digestion. However, in the normal absorption function of the mucous membrane, only a small amount of nutrients enters the large intestine.

With the development of rotavirus infection, nutrients that are not absorbed in the small intestine penetrate into the large intestine, where they become food for the bacteria living there. Their digestion and breakdown is accompanied by the production of a large amount of gases ( methane, hydrogen, carbon dioxide and so on), which leads to overflow of the colon with gases and bloating. Moreover, due to increased peristalsis ( motility) intestinal gases in it are constantly moving from one department to another, which is accompanied by a pronounced "rumbling" in the stomach, which an outsider or doctor can hear, even being at a great distance from the patient.

Elevated body temperature is also a characteristic manifestation of the disease, observed immediately after the end of the incubation period. In most cases, it does not exceed 37 - 37.5 degrees, but in severe forms of the disease it can rise to 39 or more degrees.

The mechanism of body temperature increase in rotavirus infection is associated with the activation of the immune system, which occurs in response to the penetration of foreign viral particles into the human body. At the same time, cells of the immune system produce special substances that activate the temperature regulation center in the brain, thereby increasing heat production in the body.

It should be noted that with rotavirus infection, the temperature remains elevated for 2 to 3 days from the onset of the disease. At the same time, elevated body temperature may be associated with a concomitant respiratory tract infection, against which infection with rotavirus occurred. That is why this symptom should be evaluated only in combination with other clinical and laboratory data.

These symptoms are associated with

intoxication

organism and activation of the immune system against the background of infection with rotavirus. The fact is that some time after the damage to the intestinal mucosa, viral particles can penetrate into the deeper tissues of the intestinal wall and even enter the systemic circulation. At the same time, they will come into contact with the cells of the immune system, which will begin to actively fight them, destroying the infected cells of their own body. The outcome of the described reactions will be the development of the so-called general intoxication syndrome, which is characteristic not only for rotavirus, but also for any other infection.

The syndrome of general intoxication of the body can manifest itself:

• general weakness;
• increased fatigue;
• decrease in working capacity;
• lethargy;
• "brokenness";
• headaches;
• pain in the muscles;
• pain in the joints;
• shortness of breath ( feeling short of breath) during physical activity and so on.

It should be noted that the severity of these symptoms depends on the severity of the disease, as well as on the presence or absence of comorbidities ( for example, the presence of a concomitant respiratory tract infection may exacerbate the syndrome of general intoxication).

Presence of cough and other signs of upper respiratory tract infection (

runny nose, sore throat, nasal congestion and so on) is an important diagnostic criterion for making a correct diagnosis. The reason for the development of these manifestations may be a concomitant respiratory tract infection, the development of which is also observed in the cold season. At the same time, some scientists believe that rotavirus can enter the human body along with inhaled air and infect the mucous membrane of the respiratory tract, thereby causing the development of these symptoms. However, it should be noted that this theory has not been definitively proven.

The cough associated with rotavirus infection is usually dry, painful, and is not accompanied by sputum or mucus. The reason for its development is the defeat and destruction of the mucous membrane of the trachea and bronchi, which leads to irritation of the nerve endings located there ( cough receptors). During coughing, an even greater traumatization of the mucous membrane occurs and the patient wants to cough even more. That is why the cough itself does not bring any relief to the patient, but only worsens his well-being.

For this disease, the appearance of a rash is not typical. Rotavirus can infect the intestinal mucosa, possibly the respiratory tract, and some internal organs (

with the development of complications). At the same time, even in severe forms of the disease, the patient's skin remains unaffected.

The course of rotavirus infection can be divided into stages that follow each other as the disease develops and progresses. This division is used by doctors in order to prescribe a more correct treatment, since at different stages of the disease, treatment tactics will be different.

In the development of rotavirus infection, there are:

• incubation period. Lasts from 15 hours to 5 - 7 days. During this period, there are no clinical signs of infection. The patient may look completely healthy, although rotavirus is already developing in the mucous membrane of his intestines.
• acute period. Lasts 3 to 7 days from the onset of the first symptom. During the acute period of the disease, the severity of symptoms gradually increases and reaches its peak. It is in the acute period that patients usually turn to medical institutions for help. If you do not start treatment in the acute period of rotavirus infection, the risk of complications increases significantly.
• Recovery period. Lasts from 3 to 5 days. During this period, the severity of the patient's symptoms gradually subsides. The general condition of the patient improves, but his body remains weakened and still needs adequate treatment.

In almost 100% of cases, rotavirus infection in children of all ages begins with three main symptoms - vomiting, watery diarrhea and fever. At the same time, the temperature in children is higher than in adults ( from the first days of the disease can reach 38 - 39 degrees). At the same time, it is worth noting that in some children, high fever and diarrhea may be the only symptoms of infection, while vomiting may be absent.

Another feature of the development of rotavirus infection in children is a decrease or complete lack of appetite. This is due to a violation of the motility of the gastrointestinal tract, with the overflow of the large intestine with gases and with the development of a syndrome of general intoxication of the body. Sick children refuse to eat, become lethargic, inactive, may cry for a long time and be capricious. If the child can already talk, he may complain of pain in the abdomen, headaches, and so on.

It is important to note that the child's body is not able to compensate for developing digestive disorders for as long as the body of an adult. Within a few hours after the onset of the acute period of rotavirus infection, a child may develop serious complications that pose a danger to his health or even life. That is why, if one or more symptoms of the disease are detected, you should consult a doctor as soon as possible, without wasting time on self-treatment.

In uncomplicated cases, the duration of the disease is no more than 5-7 days (

from the onset of the first clinical symptoms). At the same time, it should be noted that in severe forms of rotavirus infection (

which can be observed in weakened people, newborns or children with impaired immunity) signs of disease (

diarrhea, vomiting, fever, etc.) can be stored for 8-10 or more days. If at the same time complications from other internal organs and systems develop, their treatment may take several weeks, and the complete recovery of the patient may take several months.

The clinical form of the disease is exposed after assessing the patient's symptoms and determining the severity of his condition.

Clinical forms of rotavirus infection

An asymptomatic course of a rotavirus infection can be observed when a rotavirus enters the body of a healthy person whose immunity is not impaired, and there are antiviral antibodies in his blood ( that is, if he has already had this infection). In this case, the virus will be present in his body for a certain time ( which can be confirmed by special laboratory tests), but no clinical signs of the disease will be detected.

In some cases, the onset of the disease may occur in the absence of one of the characteristic manifestations of rotavirus infection. For example, patients may have only diarrhea and fever ( without vomiting) or, conversely, high fever and vomiting ( without diarrhea). At the same time, by the end of 1-2 days, the classical clinical picture of the disease usually develops, including all the symptoms listed above.

In people with severely immunocompromised for example, in patients with AIDS - acquired immunodeficiency syndrome) the disease can proceed without temperature. This is due to the fact that in the later stages of the disease, the immunity of such patients weakens so much that they are unable to adequately respond to the introduction of foreign viruses into the body. Similar disorders can be observed in people with cancer ( tumor) diseases that undergo courses of radiation therapy or chemotherapy ( these procedures also disrupt the immune system). At the same time, other signs of rotavirus infection ( diarrhea, vomiting and abdominal pain) in such patients will be observed from the first days of the disease.

Diagnosis and treatment of patients with rotavirus infection

infectious disease physician ( enroll)

At the same time, it is worth noting that when the first symptoms of the disease appear, people usually turn to their family doctor,

pediatrician ( enroll)

if the child is sick) or call an ambulance. That is why a doctor of any specialty should be able to recognize the symptoms of this pathology and promptly refer the patient to an infectious disease specialist.

During the examination of the patient, consultation may be necessary:

• gastroenterologist ( enroll) ;
• otorhinolaryngologist ( Laura) (enroll) ;

• nutritionist;
• resuscitator.

The patient examination process includes:

• questioning the patient;
• clinical examination;
• consultations of other specialists;
• laboratory diagnostics.

During the interview, the doctor clarifies the data regarding the onset and development of the disease, which is necessary for the correct diagnosis.

When interviewing a patient, the doctor is interested in:

• What worries the patient at the moment?
• When did the symptoms first appear?
• The order in which symptoms appear.
• The nature of the vomiting if it exists), its frequency, color, smell, presence or absence of blood, and so on.
• The nature of the chair if it exists), its frequency and consistency, color, smell.
• Is the patient's body temperature elevated? at the same time, the doctor measures it again during the examination, but asks the patient to clarify to what figures the temperature has risen since the onset of the disease).
• Does the patient have signs of airway disease ( cough, sore or sore throat, runny nose, nasal congestion and so on)?
• Has anyone in the patient's family had similar symptoms in the last few days?
• Has the patient received any treatment? If so, which one and who appointed him?

After the interview, the doctor proceeds to a clinical examination, the purpose of which is to assess the general condition of the patient's body.

Clinical examination includes:

• Inspection. On examination, the doctor may notice dryness of the skin, a decrease in the natural luster of the skin. This may be due to dehydration loss of large amounts of fluid from the body), caused by frequent diarrhea and vomiting. Also, the presence of dehydration may indicate the retraction of the eyeballs in the sockets.
• Palpation. The essence of the method is to assess the condition of the skin, musculoskeletal system and other organs through their palpation. On palpation, the doctor can detect a decrease in turgor ( elasticity) of the skin, which will indicate severe dehydration. To do this, he will slightly squeeze the skin on the patient’s arm into a fold with two fingers, and then release it. Under normal conditions, the skin will immediately straighten and return to its original shape, while dehydration can leave a wrinkle on the skin that lasts for a few seconds or minutes. Also, with palpation of the abdomen, the doctor may note its swelling and increased rumbling ( due to the accumulation of large amounts of gas in the intestines).
• percussion ( tapping). This method is not of particular diagnostic value for rotavirus infection. With it, you can only confirm the presence of gases in the intestines. To do this, the doctor presses one hand to the surface of the patient's abdomen, and lightly taps the finger of the first hand with the finger of the second hand. The presence of gas or air in the intestines will be indicated by a characteristic tympanic sound, reminiscent of the sound of tapping on a drum.
• auscultation ( listening). This study is carried out using a stethoscope - a device consisting of a special membrane and sound-conducting tubes. By listening to the abdomen, you can determine the presence of increased peristalsis ( motility) intestines, which is typical for rotavirus infection. Listening to the heart can reveal muffled tones, which is an unfavorable prognostic sign and indicates a severe course of the disease. Also, all patients are advised to listen to the lungs ( to exclude inflammatory diseases of the respiratory system).

If all the described procedures are carried out correctly, the doctor will be able to make an accurate diagnosis with a high degree of probability. However, to confirm it, as well as to more accurately assess the patient's condition and prescribe treatment, additional laboratory tests may be required.

Also, the infectious disease doctor can refer the patient for consultations to other specialists if he doubts the diagnosis ( in this case, you may need to consult an ENT specialist, which will rule out the presence of an upper respiratory tract infection). If the patient develops severe complications of rotavirus infection ( for example, loss of consciousness due to severe dehydration), you should immediately call for a consultation with a resuscitator or immediately transfer the patient to the intensive care unit, where he will be provided with the necessary assistance.

If, against the background of the treatment, the patient's condition begins to improve, it will be extremely important to choose the right and balanced diet for him, which will restore the normal function of the gastrointestinal tract and replenish fluids, electrolytes, trace elements and other substances lost with diarrhea and vomit. To resolve these issues, the patient may need to consult a dietitian.

Due to the similarity of the nature of diarrhea in rotavirus infection with other intestinal diseases, the diagnosis must be confirmed using laboratory tests. Laboratory diagnostic methods allow assessing the general condition of the patient, confirming (

or refute) the presence of rotavirus in the patient's body, as well as timely detection of possible complications that may develop against the background of rotavirus infection.

It is best to conduct all studies before starting treatment, because the use of antibiotics or antiviral drugs can distort the data obtained and make it difficult to make a diagnosis, thereby reducing the effectiveness of therapeutic measures.

For research, you can use:

• fecal masses;
• vomit;
• urine;
• blood;
• saliva and other tissues.

With rotavirus infection, the patient may be prescribed:

• general blood analysis;
• Analysis of urine;
• fecal analysis ( coprogram);
• PCR ( polymerase chain reaction);
• express tests.

With rotavirus infection in the KLA, there may be:

• Leukocytosis ( increase in the level of leukocytes in the blood). Leukocytes are blood cells that perform a protective function in the human body. When the virus enters the body, the active production of leukocytes begins, and therefore their number increases at the onset of the disease. At the same time, leukocytosis is observed in almost any infectious pathology.
• Leukopenia ( decrease in the level of leukocytes in the blood). Short-term leukopenia develops at the height of the disease due to increased exposure to the virus and weakening of the body. At the same time, it is worth noting that leukopenia is characteristic of many viral diseases, and not only of rotavirus infection.
• Lymphocytosis ( increased levels of lymphocytes in the blood). Lymphocytes are a type of blood cells that also perform a protective function. When a virus enters the body, lymphocytes are activated, producing antibodies against viral particles, which contributes to the destruction of the virus.

Also, when evaluating the KLA, you can identify:

• An increase in hematocrit. Hematocrit is the percentage ratio between blood cells and its liquid part. Normally, the hematocrit in a man is 40 - 48%, and in a woman - 36 - 46% ( due to fewer blood cells in the body). With rotavirus infection, the patient experiences intense diarrhea and vomiting, which are accompanied by fluid loss from the body. If these losses are not replenished, the proportion of cellular elements in the blood will increase, as a result of which the hematocrit will also increase. This is dangerous because the blood in this case will become more viscous, it will be more difficult for it to pass through small blood vessels and deliver oxygen to the tissues. At the same time, the heart muscle will have to work much harder to push the viscous blood through the blood vessels. All this can lead to disruption of the functions of many organs and systems ( including brain, heart, liver, kidney and so on).
• ESR decrease ( erythrocyte sedimentation rate). ESR is a laboratory indicator that also allows you to assess the degree of dehydration of the body. To determine the ESR, the blood taken from the patient is placed in a test tube and the time during which the heavier red blood cells ( erythrocytes) will sink to the bottom. The fact is that blood cells have the ability to repel each other. Consequently, the more of them there are in the test tube, the stronger they will repel and the slower they will settle to its bottom. Normal ESR in men is 2 - 10 mm per hour, and in women - 2 - 15 mm per hour. At the same time, when dehydrated ( against the backdrop of diarrhea and vomiting), the concentration of erythrocytes in the blood can increase significantly, as a result of which the ESR will also increase.

To get the most accurate results, a urine test should be taken in the morning. On the evening before the test, you need to carry out a hygienic toilet of the genital organs. You should also avoid foods that can change the color of your urine ( beets, carrots). A small amount of ( about 50 ml) urine at the very beginning of urination should be skipped. Then, without interrupting urination, about 50-100 ml of urine should be collected in a pre-prepared sterile container, tightly closed with a lid and taken to the laboratory for research.

With rotavirus infection, the absorption process in the small intestine is disrupted, as a result of which nutrients accumulate in its lumen and are excreted from the body along with feces (

what normally does not happen). Based on the study of the qualitative and quantitative composition of feces, it is possible to determine the degree of malabsorption and the level of damage, which will contribute to the diagnosis.

For a coprogram with rotavirus infection, it is characteristic:

• Liquid ( mushy or watery) stool consistency- due to the transition of a large amount of water into the intestinal lumen.
• Yellowish or greenish stools- due to the processes of decay and fermentation of products in the large intestine ( under the influence of bacteria living there).
• The presence of a characteristic fetid odor- also associated with the processes of decay and fermentation.
• The presence of a small amount of mucus in the stool.
• Small amount of blood in stool- due to defeat destruction) of the mucous membrane, which is accompanied by rupture of small blood vessels.
• Determination of undigested foods in feces- fiber, fat, starch, muscle fibers, proteins and so on.

Fecal analysis is best taken at the peak of the clinical manifestations of the disease ( usually 2-3 days), when the damage to the intestinal mucosa is most pronounced, and digestion is disturbed. At the same time, the identification of the above criteria is possible already 1-2 days after the onset of the infection, since rotavirus rather quickly destroys the intestinal mucosa and disrupts its absorption function.

Feces should be collected in small quantities ( up to 5 grams) in sterile dishes, which can be bought at the pharmacy. It is important that the collected material does not come into contact with anything ( be it the surface of the toilet bowl, baby potty and so on), since foreign microorganisms can get into it, which will distort the results of the study. In infants, feces can be collected from the diaper with a sterile stick.

The collected material should be delivered to the laboratory for examination within the first 2-3 hours after collection. The study itself usually does not take much time, so that after a few hours you can get the results of the analysis.

The most sensitive method for diagnosing rotavirus infection. PCR determines the genetic material of the virus (

RNA - ribonucleic acid), which allows you to confirm the presence of viral particles in feces, biological fluids and other tissues of the human body. Using this reaction, it is possible to identify both patients and carriers of rotavirus.

It is better to take an analysis within the first 3 to 10 days from the onset of the disease, when the concentration of the virus in the body is maximum. The rules for collecting feces for this study are the same as for the general analysis of feces. The day before the collection of feces, it is necessary to abandon drugs that affect peristalsis ( cuts) intestines or may change the color of the stool ( iron preparations, bismuth), as this may distort the results of the study. For the same reason, enemas and rectal suppositories should be abandoned ( candles).

The essence of the method lies in the fact that the test material is mixed with special enzymes, placed in an incubator and "grown" under special conditions for a certain time. If there is at least 1 section of rotavirus RNA in the biomaterial, many copies of viruses will be created on its basis, which then allows you to easily determine the presence and type of the pathogen.

It should be noted that the PCR procedure is quite lengthy and expensive, as a result of which it is carried out only in special research laboratories.

Rapid test for rotavirus infection (

the so-called rota-test) allows detection of rotavirus particles in feces. It is advisable to carry out the test in the first week after the onset of symptoms of the disease, when the amount of virus in the intestinal mucosa will be greatest and the probability of detecting viral particles will be maximum.

You can buy a rota test at any pharmacy. At the same time, the purchased kit includes all the devices necessary for the study, as well as detailed instructions for them.

The test includes:

• instruction;
• sterile gloves;
• test panel;
• a plastic tube filled with a special solution, in which there is a stick for collecting feces.

In order for the result to be as accurate as possible, before conducting the study, you should carefully read the instructions and strictly follow the instructions contained in it. It is advisable to carry out the test in sterile gloves, which will avoid contamination of the hands, as well as contamination of the test material.

To conduct a rapid test for rotavirus infection, open a plastic tube ( cone) and remove a sterile stick from it. A small amount of test material should be collected on the tip of the stick ( up to 2 grams). For this it ( tip) should simply be vertically immersed several times in the feces, without trying to take them “more”. After taking the material, the stick should be placed back into the flask with the solution, closed and shaken several times. The result should be a homogeneous liquid solution. If you collect too much feces, the solution will turn out to be thick and the result will not show anything ( the test will fail).

When a homogeneous solution is formed in the flask, you should take the test panel out of the sterile package and open it. Externally, this panel has the shape of a rectangle, on the surface of which there are 2 windows ( grooves) are oval and rectangular. The oval window is intended for applying the test material, and the results of the test will be displayed in the rectangular window. Above the rectangular window are 2 letters - "C" and "T".

To conduct a study, you need to break the top on the lid of a plastic cone and apply the resulting solution ( 4 drops) on the test panel in the oval window, and then wait 10 minutes. After 10 minutes, colored stripes will appear in the rectangular window, by which it will be possible to judge the result of the analysis.

After conducting a rapid test for rotavirus infection, you can get:

• Positive result ( there are rotaviruses in the stool). In this case, a green stripe will appear opposite the letter "C", and a red stripe will appear opposite the letter "T".
• Negative result ( no rotavirus found in stool). In this case, a green bar will appear opposite the letter "C", and nothing will appear opposite the letter "T".
• Inaccurate result. If 10 - 20 minutes after the application of the material, no stripes appear in the rectangular window, and also if only a red stripe appears, the test is considered incorrect. In this case, the study must be repeated on a new test.

It is important to note that the rapid test gives only a presumptive ( indicative) result. Diagnose rotavirus infection based on rota test results alone ( without evaluation of clinical signs and other laboratory data) it does not follow.

Signs of rotavirus infection (

diarrhea, vomiting, general intoxication of the body) are in many respects similar to those for other

intestinal infections

At the same time, the treatment of these diseases varies. That is why it is extremely important from the first days to establish an accurate diagnosis and exclude the possibility of error.

Rotavirus infection should be differentiated ( differ):

• from enterovirus infection. Enteroviruses are a group of viruses that can also infect the intestines and cause watery diarrhea, vomiting, and symptoms of general intoxication. At the same time, the frequency of stools in enterovirus infection usually does not exceed 6-8 times a day, while the body temperature rises to 39-40 degrees from the first day of the disease. A rota test can help in the diagnosis ( if it is negative, the patient most likely has an enterovirus infection).
• From food poisoning. The cause of food poisoning can be pathogenic bacteria or their toxins that enter the human body along with food. Clinical manifestations depend on the type of pathogen, but in most cases, before the development of symptoms, a person eats poorly processed, contaminated foods ( fresh vegetables, meat or dairy products and so on), which can be reported to the doctor. Also, with food poisoning, vomiting first appears ( which can be abundant and repeated), and a little later - loose stools, which can also be watery. In this case, the general condition of patients worsens significantly ( body temperature can rise to 39 degrees or more), and signs of damage to other organs and systems may also appear.
• From dysentery. This disease is caused by the microorganism Shigella. Shigella penetrate the human gastrointestinal tract and affect the mucous membrane of the large intestine, which is also accompanied by profuse watery diarrhea and the appearance of symptoms of intoxication of the body. At the same time, Shigella or the toxins they release can enter the patient's bloodstream and affect various systems and organs ( especially the nervous system), which will be accompanied by characteristic clinical manifestations. This will distinguish dysentery from rotavirus infection in the early stages of the disease, but laboratory tests will be required for an accurate diagnosis.

The essence of rotavirus infection has been described previously. At the same time, SARS acute respiratory viral infection) can be caused by a number of viruses ( parainfluenza viruses, adenoviruses, rhinoviruses and so on). All of these viruses enter the human body together with the inhaled air and infect the mucous membrane of the respiratory tract, which leads to the appearance of characteristic clinical manifestations ( sore throat, cough, runny nose, fever and so on).

It is worth noting that the viruses that provoke the development of SARS never affect the intestinal mucosa and do not cause diarrhea or vomiting. At the same time, they, like rotaviruses, are prone to activation in the cold season. Therefore, a person can simultaneously become ill with both SARS and rotavirus infection, as a result of which he will show symptoms of both diseases at once.

Rotavirus infection, or as it is also called intestinal or stomach flu, is an infectious disease characterized by gastroenteritis, signs of general intoxication and dehydration, as well as various respiratory manifestations. The infection can develop in people of absolutely all ages, but in adults it is not so acute. The causative agent of this disease is an RNA-containing rotavirus.

The main source of transmission of infection is a sick person, who mainly excretes viruses with faeces. It can pose a danger to healthy people for the entire period of symptoms and another 10 days after the illness. You can get infected by contact with the patient and his personal belongings. Also, the source of influenza can be unwashed vegetables, poorly cooked food (more often dairy products due to the specifics of their production process). Rotavirus tolerates cold well and can be stored in the refrigerator for a long time.

Another way of transmission of infection is airborne. Since the stomach flu is manifested by inflammation of the respiratory tract, during coughing, viruses spread through the air. The most susceptible to the disease are people with weak immunity, located in places of increased congestion of people (office, school, kindergarten).

Not everyone knows how many days the incubation period can last. The first signs of the disease can appear even on the 5th day after the virus has entered the body. The disease lasts for a week, after which a person develops immunity, in which re-infection is practically not observed. An exception is the initially weakened immune system in adults and children.

On average, the incubation period of rotavirus infection lasts from 1 to 3 days.

Symptoms of acute manifestation disappear on the 5th day. The period of recovery of the body after illness is about 1 week. Thus, one can understand how long a rotavirus infection lasts.

When microorganisms enter the mucous membrane of the small intestine, they begin to actively develop, during this period the disease does not make itself felt. When the virus has invaded healthy cells and infected them, the body reacts, which is characterized by violent acute manifestations.

1. Vomiting is the first sign of gastroenteritis. It can be either once or twice a day, or have frequent urges (up to 12 times). May continue for several days. After the cessation of vomiting, we can say that the initial period of the acute course is over. In adults, vomiting is rare.
2. Loose stools - repeated many times and may accompany vomiting, but lasts more days. Attacks of diarrhea can be imperative in nature, in which a person is unable to restrain himself. Fecal masses may have a frothy texture and a greenish tint with a pungent clayey odor. Sometimes there may be mucus impurities. In adults, diarrhea is less liquid and more frequent than in children.
3. Pain in the upper abdomen - may accompany diarrhea, or manifest itself. The pains are moderate, rarely can be intense or cramping.

In the early days, vomiting and diarrhea should not be attempted to be controlled, since at the same time the body is freed from viruses.

Symptoms of an upset digestive tract can last from 3 to 6 days. As a rule, sick people have a runny nose, sore throat, fever.

In addition to specific symptoms, the disease is characterized by general signs of intoxication:

• Weakness;
• Headache;
• Chills;
• Pain in the muscles.

In more severe cases, dehydration develops, which can be very dangerous for the child's body. Adults don't get dehydrated. Parents should pay attention to such manifestations in children:

• Drowsiness and lethargy;
• Crying without tears;
• Lack of saliva and refusal to eat;
• Long period without urination
• Loose dry skin.

With severe dehydration, you should try to replenish the body with fluid, often offering the child to drink, if this cannot be done, urgently seek medical help.

Rotavirus infection does not require specific treatment. The body itself will be able to cope with this pathology within 5-7 days. The main task of therapy in this case is to try to relieve symptoms, support the body and normalize the functioning of the gastrointestinal tract after stressful situations.

To prevent dehydration during an infectious disease, you need to drink as much water as possible, about 2 liters per day. In order not to provoke vomiting with heavy drinking, you need to give the patient 1 spoonful every 5 minutes. If signs of dehydration have made themselves felt, solutions prepared on the basis of drugs such as Regidron or Citroglucosalan will help normalize the electrolyte balance of the body.

To reduce intoxication, sorbents are prescribed - activated carbon, Enterosgel, Sorbeks.

Body temperature can be brought down by taking antipyretics. However, you need to drink medicines when the thermometer is 38 degrees and above. Rotovirus dies at this temperature, if you knock it down at low rates, an environment will be created for its normal further reproduction).

With severe pain in the abdomen, you can take 1 tablet of no-shpa, as a rule, this becomes enough for the pain to go away.

To normalize the intestinal microflora, the patient is prescribed drugs that contain enzymes (Linex). You should also follow a light diet based on chemical, thermal and mechanical sparing. Restorative therapy is carried out for 2-3 weeks.

You need to know that rotavirus infection is not treated with antibiotics, lipoferons, which have an antiviral effect, can be prescribed.

After a short amount of time after the infection, the body recovers completely, the rotovirus does not become chronic.

If the treatment of intestinal flu began in a timely manner, then in the near future a positive result can be expected and the disease will pass in the shortest possible time. If you start the infection, then there is a risk of developing various complications.

In order to protect yourself and your family from possible infection, you need to take the following measures:

1. Keep hands and products clean. Infection often occurs through drinking contaminated tap water. Prevention in this case is to boil water before drinking. After visiting the toilet or the street, before eating, you need to wash your hands well with soap and water. Fruit after washing with plain water, it is advisable to pour boiling water over it. Particular attention should be given to small children. Toys, nipples, bottles should be kept clean, periodically doused with boiling water.
2. Vaccination of the population. Preventive antiviral vaccination is carried out only in the countries of Europe and the USA, the Rotakrix vaccine is officially registered in us. It is recommended to administer the vaccine to children aged 6 to 24 weeks. For a full course, the procedure must be repeated after 1 month. Vaccination provides 80% protection against rotavirus infection and 100% protection against its complications.
3. Isolation of patients. If a person falls ill, then he should be isolated from the focus of inflammation for 10-15 days. When there are many cases of illness among children, quarantine is introduced in kindergartens and educational institutions. At the slightest manifestation of the disease in adults, it is better to stay at home in order to prevent a mass epidemic.
4. Development of immunity. In the body of a person who has had an infection, special antibodies are formed that persist for 1-2 years. These antibodies protect the body from repeated cases of illness caused by a particular virus serotype. This protection does not give a 100% guarantee. After 1 year, you can get the same serotype of rotavirus infection. But, if the infection occurred twice, then a more stable immunity is developed for 2-3 years.

Rotavirus infection is a very unpleasant disease. However, with timely treatment started, his prognosis is very favorable and recovery will not be long in coming.

• Fever;
• Nausea;
• Vomit:
• Diarrhea;
• Heat.

• rehydration;
• special diet;
• detoxification;

• lethargy;
• Drowsiness;
• Dry lips;
• There is no saliva;
• When a baby cries, no tears are seen;
• The skin becomes dry and flabby;
• Very little urine.

• Stuffy nose;
• Runny nose;
• Easy cough;
• Sometimes otitis or conjunctivitis.

• Tickle;
• Dry cough;
• Runny nose.

• Diarrhea;
• Nausea;
• Gastroenteritis;
• Pain in the abdomen;
• Lethargy.

• Antispasmodics;
• Immunotropic drugs;
• Antipyretic.

• Viferon;
• Lipfeorn.

• Humana;
• Regidron;
• Oralite;
• Chamomile decoction;
• Boiled water;
• rice water;

• Activated carbon;
• Smektu.

• Children's paracetamol;
• "Nurofen";
• Candles "Tsefekon".

• No-shpu;
• Lacidophilus;
• Riobal.

• Rice porridge;
• Mashed potatoes;
• bananas;
• Bagels;
• Crackers.

• Dairy;
• Sauces;
• Vegetables;
• fatty food;
• Meat supplements.

This disease is caused by pathogenic viruses that infect the human intestine. The acute form of the disease has characteristic features:

• Fever,
• Nausea,
• Vomit:
• Diarrhea,
• Heat.

After conducting appropriate tests, the doctor establishes an intestinal infection caused by rotovirus. If the epidemiological data are pronounced, quarantine is established.

When a rotavirus infection is diagnosed by a doctor, it is difficult for him to say how long it lasts in children. It all depends on the state of his body and immune system.

The fight against rotovirus with therapeutic methods includes a certain sequence of treatment:

• rehydration,
• special diet,
• detoxification,
• Taking medications.

When a rotavirus infection is diagnosed by a doctor, it is difficult for him to say how long it lasts in children. It all depends on the state of his body and immune system.

The rotovirus that a child has become ill with belongs to a subgroup of viral diarrhea. Almost everyone can get infected, but children get sick with this disease much more often.

The child's body is very susceptible to such a disease. It is difficult to say how long a rotovirus infection lasts in children. It can go on and on and on over and over again. Basically, a large number of children fall ill with intestinal flu, whose age has not reached two years.

When a baby is breastfed, he develops passive immunity that fights viruses. If feeding does not occur, even an infant can get sick with an intestinal infection and rotovirus.

A relapse is possible six months after the treatment of the disease. A child who is re-infected suffers the disease much more easily.

It is difficult to say exactly how many days the illness lasts. The illness usually lasts about a week. Full recovery can take ten days. Rotovirus is very dangerous for a child, especially immediately after birth. His immune system is still gaining strength.

If the baby has diarrhea, he constantly vomits and feels sick, you should immediately see a doctor. Treatment should be prescribed as soon as possible.

Rotovirus is especially dangerous on the fifth day after the onset of the disease. Dirty hands, toys that kids love to taste so much, become the cause of the disease.

The characteristic signs of rotovirus disease are:

• lethargy,
• Drowsiness,
• dry lips,
• There is no saliva
• When a baby cries, no tears are seen
• The skin becomes dry and flabby,
• Very little urine.

All these symptoms require urgent medical advice. Every day without treatment can only worsen the situation and lead to serious consequences.

Intoxication of the infection can proceed similarly to the symptoms of SARS:

• Stuffy nose,
• Runny nose,
• slight cough,
• Sometimes otitis or conjunctivitis.
• Why does an intestinal infection appear

It is transmitted through contact with an infected person. If a child has symptoms of the disease, he immediately becomes a carrier of the infection.

Rotovirus is especially dangerous on the fifth day after the onset of the disease. Dirty hands, toys that kids love to taste so much, become the cause of the disease.

The cause of the appearance of intestinal flu can be food that a sick person has touched. Unboiled water can also cause an intestinal infection, since chlorine is not able to kill a harmful virus.

Approximately four days after infection with rotavirus, the baby begins to develop rotavirus infection. This period may be different, it all depends on the individual state of the child's body.

The infection can stay in the body for several days and not manifest itself. It takes on a sharp form a little later.

The development of an intestinal infection can take place in several ways. In one case, the child appears:

• tickle,
• Dry cough,
• Runny nose.

In another variant, very characteristic symptoms appear:

• Diarrhea,
• Nausea,
• Gastroenteritis,
• Pain in the abdomen,
• Lethargy.

When an infection occurs, characteristic signs do not appear immediately. The infection can stay in the body for several days and not manifest itself. It takes on a sharp form a little later.

How long the incubation period can last, how long it will last, depends on the state of the child's body. Its maximum can reach five days. During this period, the active reproduction of the virus occurs. How many children fell ill is difficult to determine at this time. Children feel fine.

But days go by. The incubation period ends. The child begins to rise in temperature, he weakens, he is sick, diarrhea occurs.

To prevent possible complications, such an infection should be treated immediately. You can strengthen the nutrition of the child, give him more vitamins.

Important! Parents may not notice the period of the onset of the disease, since the symptoms of the disease will not manifest themselves in any way. If in kindergarten a healthy baby came into contact with sick children, it is necessary to take preventive measures.

There is no specific treatment for this disease. All therapeutic methods have one goal, to eliminate the symptoms of infection.

In order for the baby to gain additional strength to fight the infection, you need to follow a diet. The doctor prescribes special drugs:

• Antispasmodics,
• immunotropic drugs,
• Antipyretic.

To completely remove a large number of virus particles, you need to organize the intake of children's antibiotics. The doctor who determined the rotavirus infection prescribes antibacterial suppositories:

• Viferon,
• Lipfeorn.

The course of treatment and the dose of envy depends on the age of the sick person, and can last five days.

To prevent dehydration of the body, the baby must be provided with a warm drink in large quantities. This will help maintain the right balance of fluid in the body and create normal conditions for work.

First, the child is given one teaspoon, then the amount is increased. A positive effect is given by specially prepared solutions:

• Humana,
• Regidron,
• Oralit,
• Chamomile decoction,
• Boiled water,
• rice broth,
• Unsweetened compote made from dried fruits.

To remove toxins from the body and carry out its complete cleansing, the baby is given:

• Activated carbon,
• Smektu.

To lower the temperature, you can use:

• children's paracetamol,
• "Nurofen"
• Candles "Tsefekon".

When there is a high temperature and convulsions, the baby can be wiped with saline (one part of salt is taken for one part of water).

With severe pain in the abdomen, the child is given:

• No-shpu
• lacidophilus,
• Riobal.

During an intestinal infection, the child needs to be fed:

• rice porridge,
• mashed potatoes,
• bananas,
• Bagels,
• Crackers.

Infants should be switched to lactose-free formula feeding. You can not give the baby:

• Dairy,
• sauces,
• Vegetables,
• fatty food,
• Meat supplements.

Reception of drugs should occur with a break of two hours. This applies to suppositories and paracetamol tablets.

When the temperature reaches 39 degrees, a child under the age of three is prescribed Cefekon candles. For older children, paracetamol is prescribed at the appropriate dosage.

The use of candles is very convenient, as they can be put on the baby when he is sleeping or awake.

But if the temperature does not drop and does not subside for a long time, children aged one year and above are prescribed paracetamol and a small quarter of analgin.

Reception of drugs should occur with a break of two hours. This applies to suppositories and paracetamol tablets. When taking other drugs, the break should be up to 4 hours or more. The biggest positive effect in intestinal disease is paracetamol.

To reduce the temperature, you can wipe the baby with a weak solution of vodka, but following certain rules. The body of the child must be wiped completely. Drops and free areas on the body of the baby are not allowed. After rubbing, you need to put on thin socks on your feet.

The wiping procedure can be carried out only half an hour after taking the pill from the temperature, and if it has not started to fall. At high temperatures, it is forbidden to wrap the child.

Enterofuril helps to cope with gastrointestinal diseases accompanied by high fever. Take it in the morning and evening for five days. The dosage of the drug depends on the age of the patient. It will also help to cope with prolonged diarrhea. Its analogue is Enterol.

Severe pain in the abdomen in a child will help to remove no-shpa. You need to drop one milligram of the solution into your mouth, drink it all with tea.

When appetite is restored, so that diarrhea disappears, and the microflora is fully restored, doctors prescribe the child "Baktisubtil". The capsule dissolved in water should be drunk in the morning and evening, one hour before meals. The course of treatment lasts five days.

If intestinal flu is treated incorrectly, adverse effects may occur.

The body is dehydrated. This can lead to death. This cannot be allowed. The baby needs to urgently start soldering. In the hospital, the baby is put on a drip.

The baby has an acetonemic state. Ketone bodies begin to accumulate in large quantities in the child's body. They have a negative effect on his brain. This complication occurs due to a lack of carbohydrates consumed during the disease.

There may be seizures caused by high temperature. To prevent the appearance of a convulsive state, the baby's body requires constant cooling, for which a saline solution is used. All parts of the body are thoroughly rubbed until the temperature drops.

It is very important to observe hygiene. Be sure to wash your hands when you come from the street before you sit down at the table, and so on.

Children should eat fresh foods that have been previously cooked.

The children's room should be constantly ventilated, there should be no stale air in it.