Trichomonas symptoms in women. What medicines are taken to treat trichomoniasis? Trichomoniasis: brief information about the disease

(trichomoniasis) - genital infection, inflammatory organs of the genitourinary system. Manifested by signs of colpitis, urethritis, cystitis, proctitis. Often combined with other genital infections: chlamydia, gonorrhea, mycoplasma, candidiasis, etc. acute stage there are abundant discharge from the vagina, itching and burning - in women and pain during urination - in men. In the absence of adequate treatment, it becomes chronic and can later cause prostatitis, infertility, complicated pregnancy and childbirth, childhood pathology and mortality.

Trichomonas carriage is isolated as a form of trichomoniasis, in which the pathogen is detected in the laboratory, but there are no manifestations of the disease. This division is conditional, since different forms of trichomoniasis can pass into each other. Erased forms of trichomoniasis play a large role in the spread of the disease. Dwelling in genitourinary system the pathogen is a source of infection of the partner during sexual intercourse and its own re-infection.

Trichomoniasis is dangerous for its complications, because it increases the risk of transmission of other infections (including HIV), pregnancy pathologies (premature birth, stillbirth), the development of infertility (male and female), cervical cancer, chronic diseases of the genitourinary system. In the presence of similar symptoms, and even in the absence of them, it is necessary to be examined for trichomoniasis, and possibly other STIs. This is important for women planning pregnancy, for sexual partners - Trichomonas carriers and patients with trichomoniasis; for everyone leading an active sex life.

Self-treatment of trichomoniasis can lead to the opposite result: Trichomonas become more aggressive, begin to multiply more actively, while the disease acquires hidden or atypical forms. Diagnosis and treatment of trichomoniasis in this case is much more difficult.

Diagnosis of trichomoniasis

Diagnosis of trichomoniasis is to detect the pathogen using various methods.

Based on the complaints of patients and examination, it is possible to suspect the presence of Trichomonas. When examining women with trichomoniasis, signs of inflammation are observed - swelling and hyperemia of the vulva and vagina. During colposcopy, a symptom of "strawberry cervix" can be observed: redness of the mucosa with pinpoint and focal hemorrhages on the cervix. Dysplasia of the epithelium is noted, sometimes the appearance of atypical epithelial cells is possible.

Reliably trichomoniasis is detected using laboratory methods:

• microscopy of the test material (for women - smears from the vagina and urethra, for men - smears from the urethra);
• cultural (microbiological) method using artificial nutrient media;
• immunological method;
• PCR - diagnostics.

Trichomoniasis in men is more difficult to diagnose, due to the lack of symptoms, in addition, trichomonas in this course of the disease are in an atypical amoeboid form. Before planning a pregnancy, both a man and a woman must undergo full examination for STIs, including trichomoniasis.

Treatment of trichomoniasis

Treatment of trichomoniasis is carried out by venereologists, gynecologists and urologists. It must be carried out in any form of the disease, regardless of the presence or absence of manifestations. Treatment of trichomoniasis should be carried out simultaneously for sexual partners (even with negative analyzes of one of them). Treatment of trichomoniasis in only one of the sexual partners is ineffective, since re-infection may occur after treatment. The production of antibodies against the causative agent of trichomoniasis does not form a stable immunity; after treatment, you can get sick again when re-infected.

Treatment of trichomoniasis must be combined with the treatment of other STIs that often accompany the disease.

Trichomoniasis is considered cured when the pathogen is not detected during diagnosis, and clinical symptoms not visible. sex life excluded during treatment. It is necessary to inform your sexual partner about the presence of trichomoniasis and other STDs, about the need for examination and treatment.

The result of treatment of trichomoniasis depends on the normalization of the microflora of the genitourinary system and the body as a whole. In women, for this purpose, a vaccine against inactivated lactobacilli acidophilus is used. Perhaps the appointment of immunomodulatory drugs.

- a specific inflammatory lesion of the organs of the urogenital tract due to infection with trichomonas vaginalis. AT acute cases infection is manifested by abundant fetid frothy discharge from the vagina, itching in the vulva, pain and pain in the vagina and urethra, and frequent urination. In torpid and chronic course, the symptoms are limited to a slight increase in the amount of vaginal leucorrhoea. For diagnosis, a gynecological examination, bacteriological and serological studies. Treatment is conservative etiotropic with the appointment of nitroimidazole derivatives.

Causes of trichomoniasis in women

• Sexual. Most often, infection occurs during unprotected sex with a partner who has trichomoniasis or is an asymptomatic carrier of the infection.
• Domestic. It is extremely rare that the pathogen is transmitted through contaminated personal hygiene items, non-sterile medical instruments, gloves, etc.
• Contact. Newborn girls can become infected from the mother when passing through an infected birth canal.

Predisposing factors play an important role in infection and rapid manifestation of the disease. The risk of developing trichomoniasis is increased in women who are promiscuous in their choice of sexual partners, abuse psychoactive substances, and practice unprotected sex.

Pathogenesis

Pathology belongs to the category of multifocal. The primary infectious focus is usually located on the vaginal mucosa. The microorganism from the surface of the epithelium quickly penetrates through the intercellular spaces into the submucosa connective tissue. An inflammatory reaction develops in the affected area, which is clinically manifested by signs of specific colpitis. As trichomonads multiply, they spread in a descending and ascending way to nearby organs, causing secondary vulvitis, bartholinitis, cervicitis, endometritis, salpingitis, urethritis, cystitis, pyelonephritis.

The rate of spread of Trichomonas is determined by the massiveness of infection, immune status patients, degree defensive reaction vaginal secretion, the state of the epithelium, the presence of concomitant microflora. In 89.5% of cases, the pathogen is associated with candidiasis and other microorganisms that cause STIs - gonococci, chlamydia, ureaplasmas, mycoplasmas.

Classification

The clinical classification of trichomoniasis in women takes into account the duration of infection, the nature of the development of the disease and the severity clinical picture. Accordingly, fresh (with a disease duration of up to 2 months) and chronic trichomoniasis are isolated. Specialists in the field of gynecology distinguish three main forms of fresh trichomoniasis:

• Spicy- with a sudden onset and vivid clinical symptoms.
• Subacute with less severe symptoms.
• torpid- with scarce clinical signs infections.

The transition of the disease to the chronic phase is indicated by the presence of symptoms for two or more months. Depending on the presence of complications, the following types are distinguished chronic trichomoniasis:

• Uncomplicated- with the development of the inflammatory process in lower sections urogenital system.
• Complicated- with involvement in the process of internal genital organs (uterus and appendages).

A separate form of trichomoniasis is asymptomatic carriage, which is observed in almost a third of those infected. Infection with some strains of Trichomonas vaginalis is not accompanied by the onset of symptoms of the disease, while the woman remains a source of infection for sexual partners. The asymptomatic form can manifest clinically when the immune or hormonal status of the carrier changes.

Symptoms of trichomoniasis in women

During incubation period lasting an average of 5 to 14 days, there are no symptoms. With an acute manifestation of the infectious process, the patient complains of itching in the vulva, frequent painful urination, pain and pain in the vagina and urethra, dyspareunia. The genital organs are edematous, copious frothy yellowish or greenish white leucorrhoea is discharged from the vagina. fetid odor and an admixture of blood. The temperature is raised to subfebrile numbers. Sleep and general well-being are disturbed. Some women report pain in the lower abdomen.

In the subacute course of trichomoniasis, patients notice a slight increase in the amount vaginal discharge, the rest of the symptoms are usually blurred. The torpid form of the disease is almost asymptomatic and turns into chronic trichomoniasis or trichomonas carriers. The spread of the inflammatory process to other organs of the urogenital system is manifested by the development of the corresponding clinical picture - pain in the lower abdomen and lower back, mucopurulent discharge, menstrual cycle and reproductive function disorders.

Complications

Trichomoniasis in women is most often complicated by purulent-inflammatory diseases of the genital organs: abscess of the Bartholin glands, endometritis, adnexitis, tubo-ovarian abscess, parametritis, pelvioperitonitis. Due to the formation of adhesions in the pelvis, infertility may develop. According to the observations of specialists, such patients are at risk for the development of cervical neoplasia. In patients with trichomoniasis, pregnancy is often interrupted spontaneously, amniotic fluid is poured out prematurely. Childbirth usually proceeds pathologically, and the child, when passing through birth canal can get trichomoniasis.

Diagnostics

When making a diagnosis, it is necessary to take into account clinical symptoms, data from an epidemiological history, physical and laboratory research. The survey plan usually includes:

• Inspection on the armchair in the mirrors. At gynecological examination the mucous membrane of the vagina and cervix looks reddened. In the posterior fornix of the vagina, abundant foamy discharge. There is swelling of the vulva and urethra.
• Microscopy and culture. Trichomonas in a smear from the mucous membrane of the vagina or urethra can be detected under a conventional or phase-contrast microscope. Sowing native material allows you to confirm the presence of the pathogen with an accuracy of 95%.
• Serological and molecular genetic analyzes. Antibodies to the pathogen or fragments of its genetic material are detected using RIF, ELISA, PCR.

Gynecological ultrasound, tomography and other instrumental diagnostic methods play an auxiliary role and allow us to assess the degree of involvement of the pelvic organs in the inflammatory process. Differential diagnosis is carried out with candidal, nonspecific and gonorrheal vulvovaginitis. If necessary, the patient is prescribed a consultation with a dermatovenereologist.

Treatment of trichomoniasis in women

The treatment is carried out on an outpatient basis, the patient is recommended to have sexual rest and avoid alcohol. Etiotropic therapy is indicated for a sexual partner. The causative agent is highly sensitive to metronidazole and other nitroimidase derivatives, which not only act directly on Trichomonas, but also stimulate the production of interferon. Coursework is applied combination therapy with the simultaneous administration of drugs orally and topically (in the form of vaginal tablets, suppositories, creams). When trichomoniasis is detected in a pregnant woman, only local treatment. With a long course, an antitrichomonas vaccine is administered simultaneously with etiotropic therapy, which stimulates the formation of humoral and secretory antibodies. The drug enhances the effect of antiprotozoal treatment, protects against damage to stratified epithelial cells and prevents reinfection. As additional medicines immunomodulators may be prescribed.

To confirm the complete cure of trichomoniasis, bacteriological control is performed. Material from the vagina, urethral canal and rectum is examined 7-10 days after the end of the course therapy and during the next three menstrual cycles (on the fifth day from the onset of menstruation). To increase the likelihood of detecting Trichomonas, alimentary, physical or biological provocation can be carried out. It is important to consider that in almost 90% of patients chronic trichomoniasis is associated with other infections. Therefore, after timely detection of concomitant microflora and determination of its sensitivity, it is necessary to prescribe the appropriate etiotropic treatment.

Forecast and prevention

The prognosis is favorable. When prescribing therapeutic doses of metronidazole, patients are completely cured of trichomoniasis in 90-95% of cases, even resistant forms of the disease can be treated with second-generation nitroimidazoles. To prevent infection, it is necessary to refrain from sexual contact with casual partners, use condoms, and follow the rules of personal hygiene. Timely appeal to the gynecologist about the appearance of a characteristic clinical symptoms after unprotected sex allows you to start therapy on time and prevent the development of serious complications.

Many of the symptoms of the disease are similar to those of cystitis, others urinary infections. Women often get infected at the same time various types Trichomonas.

There are cases when the presence of several infections is noticed in the body - gonorrhea, candidiasis and others.

Trichomonas in women is a disease that is caused by a simple bacterium called trichomonas vaginalis, which develops by inflammation of the organs related to the genitourinary system.

If the necessary measures are not taken in a timely manner to get rid of this infection, the disease can develop into a chronic form, which often leads girls to various complications during pregnancy, in some cases even to infertility, the appearance of unwanted abnormalities in the child.

The disease has become quite widespread in recent years, and despite the fact that today the market pharmaceuticals offers many options for getting rid of the disease, the infection is the leader among the many urinary diseases sexually transmitted. According to statistics, one in ten women in the country is a peddler dangerous bacteria. The main sites of damage for girls are the vagina, the urethra.

It is worth noting that the fact that the disease is detected several times more often in women is easily explained by the fact that the weaker sex is simply more often in clinics for prevention purposes. This provides an opportunity to identify the disease at the initial stage of its development. Women between the ages of 20 and 40 are most susceptible to infection.

Ways of infection

Those girls who often commit promiscuous sexual intercourse, the risk of contracting an infection is many times higher than anyone else. This is due to the fact that sex is the main route of transmission. It won't matter if it classic version or oral. Dangerous trichomonas are usually found either in vaginal secretions or directly in semen.

It turns out that the probability of dangerous infection in the case of sex without contraception is equally high for the weaker sex and for the strong. The probability of infection of the weaker sex from a man who has been infected is 100%.

At the same time, men in a similar situation are less likely to become infected. This fact is associated primarily with the characteristics of the genital organs of a physiological, anatomical nature.

What is dangerous

It is Trichomonas in women that directly affects various violations in the natural biocenosis of the vagina. After Trichomonas attach to the cells of the epithelium itself, the risk of developing diseases increases significantly: herpes on the genitals, miscarriages, cervical cancer, premature births and tubal infertility. For this reason, most experts note the need to undergo an examination for the presence of dangerous Trichomonas in the body when planning a pregnancy.

Trichomoniasis of the vagina and methods for diagnosing the disease

Depending on the time period of manifestation of the disease, its severity, vaginal trichomoniasis is usually divided into several clinical forms. The first one is sharp. It is characterized by quite pronounced symptoms: inflammation of the vagina, urethritis, high temperatures, in some cases leukocytosis. The second form is disease. chronic type. Usually they last at least two months, the symptoms of this form are erased. Quite often doctors find various infections associated genital organs.

And finally, the third form makes itself felt if chronic illness was not treated. In this case, an already latent form appears, when there are no pronounced symptoms.

If you look at the discharge, you can always find Trichomonas. That is, the main signs of the presence of infection are discharge from the vagina, urethra. According to statistics, every second man has these signs. But among the weaker sex, signs occur in 8 out of 10 women.

Symptoms in women self-destruct: does this mean that the disease has passed

Quite often there are such situations that the symptoms that give every reason to believe that the girl has a terrible disease disappear after a couple of weeks. In this case, a person usually already forgets about experiences, does not think in principle about the causes of the disease that has appeared. In fact, the disease does not disappear anywhere.

On the contrary, it means that it has simply passed into a chronic form from an acute one. It appears that things have gotten worse. If the treatment process is not started in a timely manner, there may be enough serious consequences. The thing is that trichomonas in girls become a conductor for dangerous infections in the body.

It is Trichomonas that provides negative impact on immunity and, in general, it turns out that under its influence, favorable conditions to develop a huge bouquet various diseases, the causative agent of which in reality is no longer she. Health must be taken care of. Only then will it be possible to avoid terrible diseases, such as infertility, erosion of the genital organs.

Diagnostic methods

If we talk about vaginal trichomoniasis, it is worth noting that there is great amount various diagnostic methods. Questioning, subsequent examination of patients. The girl herself comes to the clinic for an examination, where she tells the attending physician about the problems that bother her.

During the conversation, the doctor, among other things, can ask questions regarding sexual relations. After this, an examination usually takes place, where a smear from the vagina is taken for subsequent analysis. DNA diagnostics is recognized as the most effective, which provides a 100% result on the presence or absence of a disease. Immunofluorescence method direct type, with which it is possible to detect antibodies to the causative agent of the disease. Mandatory diagnostic methods carried out in almost any hospital: sowing on flora, general smear, polymer chain reaction.

How to effectively cure trichomoniasis in women

The nuance of the treatment of this disease is the fact that each of the partners will have to take the course. If an infection is detected in one person, therapy should be prescribed for the second, since trichomoniasis can be effectively cured by treating both sexual partners.

We will consider the methods of treating the disease below. First of all, it is worth recalling that since the causative agent of infection is Trichomonas vaginalis, the symptoms in girls may be different. Accordingly, treatment medicines may be either ineffective, or show good dynamics towards recovery.

The main method of treatment, most doctors consider tablets belonging to the nitromidazole group. Here and Tinidazole and Ornidazole, which is popular today. Often enough medical workers advise to use vaginal suppositories. It is best to use Macmirror, Clotrimazole. These suppositories are considered the most effective. If treatment begins when the disease has become chronic, the girl will no longer be able to avoid vaccination. In this case, the main treatment will be carried out in parallel with the immunization.

A year later, it will be necessary to perform immunization again. During the treatment of the disease, it is necessary to monitor your own immunity, which should be at the proper level.

For these purposes, you can use tablets such as Zincretal, which can counteract infection, normalize various antioxidant processes.

Optimal course of treatment

Most gynecologists agree on the most effective therapy, which consists in the use of the following drugs:

1. For 10 days, it is necessary to insert special vaginal tablets called Metronidazole once a day.
2. Use Macmirror antibacterial suppositories for 12 days once a day.
3. Use a vaginal antiseptic, Betadine, for at least two weeks.

Some doctors, in addition to the drugs listed above, may prescribe physiotherapy in the form of diathermy, that is, heating or inductothermy.

What absolutely can not be done during therapy

If you are looking for a way to effectively cure trichomoniasis, then you should understand that there are points that involve the prohibition of habitual actions:

1. Must be abandoned sexual relations at the time of treatment;
2. Do not drink drinks even with a minimum alcohol content.

These are the two prescriptions that every person who wants to be cured must follow. Otherwise, you risk not only getting various complications during treatment, but also increase the risk reinfection in future.

There is no immunity against this disease. You must be prepared for the fact that the disease may appear more than once in your life. For this reason, it is necessary to undergo a timely examination at least once a year and always with your partner.

Medicines

Almost all drugs for the treatment of trichomoniasis are tablets that were made on the basis of any derivatives belonging to the Imidazole group. The most popular remedy is Metronidazole, which is characterized by rapid absorption. A dose of 500 mg is recommended. In the event that a severe form of the disease is observed, doctors are allowed to drink the drug for a week twice a day. Some use other schemes, but it all depends on the individual tolerance of the drug, indications. For reference, it is worth noting that there are cases when doctors advise using vaginal suppositories together with Metronidazole.

In case the disease is chronic the drug is usually administered over about twenty minutes. Droppers are given three times a day. The therapy continues for a week. A little less often, but still they use Tinidazole, Ornidazole today. During pregnancy, the girl is prescribed drugs such as Atrikan, Tetonitrosol.

Procedures

No less popular in the fight against the disease are various procedures. Most often, among many of them, they resort to sitz baths, the use of applications, tampons, enemas. In the last couple of years, procedures for irrigating the uterus, the internal cavities of the vagina with special solutions of therapeutic agents have been actively used.

All medicinal components for the procedures are strictly prescribed by the doctor, like any drugs, or they can be borrowed from funds. traditional medicine. It is important to realize that all procedures in any case will act only as an addition to the main treatment process.

medicinal plants

In addition, to get rid of the disease, they use various drugs, quite often they turn to treatment with decoctions and tinctures of medicines. Doctors especially praise douching for a quick recovery.

Most often, girls turn to the use of chamomile infusion, garden purslane or a cleansing collection, which can help in short term cleanse the body of many dangerous bacteria. In any case, treatment with medicinal plants will be effective only if they are properly prepared and the dosage is observed.

Treatment of the disease with folk remedies

This method of treatment is only one of many that are used as additional intake for a quick recovery. Girls are usually prescribed douching with soda, chamomile. At night, it is recommended to put a tampon soaked in advance aqueous solution propolis.

Prevention

There are several key points in prevention that should be observed. It is necessary to refuse sexual relations with a partner whom you do not trust and whose health you are not sure.

Contraception must be used during every sexual intercourse. With a certain frequency, it is important to undergo examinations with a partner for infections transmitted during sex. It is important to carefully, competently treat not only your health, but also the health of your soulmate.

In conclusion, it should be noted that the level of monthly income, status in society, profession do not act as a guarantor of safety from this disease. Often suffer from trichomoniasis famous people. It is for this reason that it is always necessary to be a sane person.

How is it manifested and how to treat trichomoniasis in women?

Trichomoniasis in women is global problem, which can only be solved by increasing the popularity of condoms. This contraceptive the only way maintain health and reproductive function.

The frequency of infection with Trichomonas is higher than the pathogens of gonorrhea and a number of other sexually transmitted diseases. Every year, the disease takes 1-2 places in terms of prevalence among diseases of the genitourinary system.

The disease does not appear in all cases. For the disease, a sluggish course is more typical with a minimum number of incoming and outgoing symptoms. A woman regards many signs of latent trichomoniasis as changes in the microflora of the vagina and discharge before menstruation. This category should include:

• more thick discharge(compared to other days of the cycle);
• increased odor;
• drawing pains in the lower abdomen.

Some patients confuse trichomoniasis with inflammation of the kidneys, bladder. Signs characteristic of all these diseases:

• increased urges;
• a woman cannot hold back the process of urination for a long time;
• ailments typical of inflammatory processes in the body (short-term heat and swelling of the external genitalia - the first signs of trichomoniasis).

Important! After unprotected intercourse with an unverified partner, you should not wait for the first signs. It is necessary to pass the diagnosis and in their absence. The first time they are examined a few days after intercourse. In the second - a month later. Thus, it will be possible to detect the infection even with a long incubation period.

Other symptoms observed in women after infection:

• discomfort during defecation (with trichomonas proctitis);
• sore throat (if Trichomonas attacked the oral mucosa);
• urination problems.

The last point implies many options for manifestations. In some patients, pathology manifests itself as a change in the qualitative characteristics of urine. Others complain of burning, tingling, shooting when emptying the bladder. Symptoms depend on concomitant diseases, stages of development of trichomoniasis, intimate life.

Treatment

Medical

Therapy is built on derivatives of 5-nitroimidazole. Substances have an antimicrobial effect, are characterized by a rapidly manifesting bactericidal property. Effective against all forms of inflammatory and purulent inflammatory processes. Their use is advisable not only in the case of trichomoniasis, but also in the presence of several types of STDs in the body at once.

Scroll antimicrobials:

• . Release form: tablets. Contraindicated in liver failure. With caution, the remedy is resorted to when diabetes, microcirculation disorders. The drug is incompatible with alcohol. Consequences of simultaneous use: copious discharge of vomit, strong cramping pains in the abdomen, hyperemia. It should not be used with additional sources lithium. The cost of packaging (6 tablets): 260-350 rubles.
• Metronidazole. A cheap antiprotozoal drug is available in the form of a vaginal gel, tablets, vaginal suppositories, solution for injection and intravaginal use. It is prescribed separately and together with Amoxicillin. In many pharmacies, it is sold only by prescription. On the Internet, it is possible to purchase a drug without documents. For 10 tablets you will have to pay 7-30 rubles, for 10 candles - 50-60 rubles.
• Secnidazole. Sold only in tablet form. When taken in parallel with drugs containing disulfiram, it provokes the development of psychosis. Medication can be used in childhood. Price: 200-250 r.
• Secnidox. Analogue of the previous medication. The cost of 2 tablets: 650-810 rubles.
• Tinidazole. In terms of frequency of use, it ranks third (immediately after Metronidazole and Ornidazole). Use can lead to anorexia, dysarthria, locomotor ataxia. Reduces psychomotor reactions. Not suitable for girls. Cost: 30-120 rubles.
• Ornidazole. White-yellow tablets in film shell implemented on a par with solutions. It differs from analogues in safety: side effects are less common.
• Nimorazole. Full analogue Naxojin.

Side effects from taking 5-nitroimidazole derivatives are the same. Against the background of the use of medications may occur:

• stool changes;
• metallic taste in the mouth;
• leukopenia (more often occurs in patients diagnosed with hematopoietic pathologies);
• problems with coordination;
• rash, itching;
• vomit;
• thrombophlebitis (only with intravenous administration).

When using funds, it should be borne in mind that the presence of an allergy to 1 medication from the list guarantees an inadequate immune response to all other medications in the group. In addition, in women with diseases of the central nervous system, antimicrobial tablets can cause an attack, deterioration of well-being.

Reception scheme

Key provisions:

• 3 days before the start of therapy, hepatoprotectors are used (Essentiale-forte, Karsil). Take them 1 tablet in the morning and evening throughout the course of treatment.
• Instead of hepatoprotectors, you can use Immunal (1 tablet 3 times a day).

Application for acute forms(choose 1 drug, do not use all at once):

• Metronidazole, Nimorazole, Tinidazole, Seknidazole are taken as a single dose at a dosage of 2.0 g;
• Ornidazole is drunk once (dose: 1.5 g).

Method of use for fuzzy clinical picture:

• Ornidazole: 0.5 g 2 times a day for 5 days;
• Tenonitrazole: 0.25-0.5 g every 12 hours for 4-7 days;
• Nimorazole: 0.5 g 2 times / day for 6 days.

Method of application for chronic, complicated, often exacerbated trichomoniasis:

• Seknidazole and Tinidazole take 200 mg three times (1 day must pass between doses);
• Ornidazole drink 2 times a day, 500 mg for 10 days;
• Metronidazole is used 3 times a day for 12 days;
• Nimorazole is taken 500 mg every 12 hours for 12 days.

How else can trichomoniasis be treated?

Inflammatory ailments of the small pelvis are successfully eliminated by new fluoroquinolones. These drugs can replace complex therapy some infections of the genital tract.

Side effects from taking them are limited to conditions and phenomena characteristic of the effects of drugs against trichomoniasis.

Undesirable manifestations from the side of the central nervous system, the hematopoietic and digestive systems, the psyche, and the skin are possible.

Group representatives:

• . Antibacterial drug effective against chronic trichomoniasis. Release form: tablets and solution for infusion. Dosage: 400 mg/day. Course duration: 1-3 weeks. Contraindications: tendon pathologies, lactose intolerance and congenital deficiency, transaminase excess, persistent liver disorders, children and adolescence. Fetal toxicity has been reported. It is unacceptable to use Avelox during pregnancy and lactation.
• Moxifloxacin Stada. The prescription drug is sold in the form of solutions for infusions and tablets. Features: effective in cases where other types of fluoroquinolones could not cope with the problem. Dosage regimen: 400 mg / day for 7 days. Treatment of trichomoniasis in elderly women with this medication should be carried out under the supervision of physicians. Reason: inflammation of the tendons may develop, an adjustment of the regimen is required.
• Norfloxacin. These tablets differ from analogues in the possibility of using them in the therapy of adolescent girls (starting from the age of 15). The drug is not prescribed during childbearing, as it causes arthropathy (trophic changes in the joints). It is used according to the scheme: 400-800 mg / day one-time or in 2 doses. During the treatment period, the amount of fluid consumed should be increased.

Suppositories are also capable of curing unstarted trichomoniasis. With a long-term infection, it is advisable to combine suppositories with medications for oral administration.

From trichomoniasis help:

• Flagyl. Antimicrobial, antibacterial agent with antiprotozoal properties. 1 candle per day. Duration of therapy: 10 days. At the end of the course, you should visit a doctor and check for vaginal candidiasis. The suppository can provoke a burning sensation of the genital organs not only in a woman, but also in her sexual partner. During treatment, ethanol-containing products should be avoided. If this rule is not observed, ethanol intolerance develops.
• Genferon Light. Vaginal-rectal combination drug based on interferon. Renders positive influence on the immune system. Helps speed up the process of regeneration of damaged tissues. Effective against germs, viruses, bacteria. Approved for use in pregnant women and schoolchildren. Candles are placed rectally for children (1 piece 1-2 times / day for 10 days). Women use the drug vaginally according to the scheme: 1 suppository every 12 hours for 10 days (at the initial stage of the development of the disease) or 1 suppository every 2 days for 2-3 months (chronic forms, advanced and aggravated cases).

Vaccination

Some doctors prefer to treat trichomoniasis with vaccines. They put them with sluggish infections, when there are no bright severe symptoms ailment. They are also addressed when the disease systematically recurs.

Group representative: Solkotrykhovak. It is prescribed for therapeutic and prophylactic purposes with recurrent vaginosis and trichomoniasis. Reduces the chance of reinfection by 80%.

Available in 2 forms: lyophilisate for primary vaccine and lyophilisate for revaccination. The vaccination course includes 3 injections. There should be exactly 14 days between injections.

Special instructions:

• treatment of acute trichomoniasis requires parallel administration of etiotropic drugs;
• the medication is administered only after confirming the absence of gonorrhea, syphilis;
• the drug is incompatible with methods of treating cancerous tumors;
• the prepared suspension is used immediately after the dissolution of the lyophilisate (takes 30 seconds);
• injections are not given during menstruation;
• route of administration: intramuscular.

Why you can't self-medicate

Consequences of improperly built therapy:

• Trichomonas become insensitive to antimicrobial drugs;
• the likelihood of false-negative test results increases;
• the disease becomes chronic, proceeds sluggishly, but still poses a threat to health.

Absence of signs acute inflammation does not mean that the disease has receded and will not return. Against the background of a weakened immune system or hormonal failure, a dormant infection can become more active. It is for this reason that situations arise when both partners were faithful to each other, but after a long period of time after the treatment of trichomoniasis, they again became infected with the disease.

To avoid unpleasant consequences, a woman should make an appointment with a gynecologist or venereologist. The specialist will draw up an individual treatment program for trichomoniasis.

Pregnancy and trichomoniasis

Key points:

• the fetus in the womb is protected from infection, but it can occur during natural childbirth;
• the identification of an ailment is not a reason for terminating a pregnancy;
• in newborn girls who received an infection from their mother, acute vulvovaginitis is observed in the first months of life (it comes down to the formation of erosions and the impossibility of exercising intimate hygiene child without the risk of skin damage);
• the disease increases the risk of miscarriage, premature birth, violation of the integrity of the membranes of the membranes of the bladder before the onset of labor.

Every third case of premature outflow of water is explained by the inflammatory process of the mother's genital organs. For women with a history of multiple spontaneous abortions, it is advisable to take high-precision tests for trichomoniasis and other sexually transmitted infections.

Comprehensive diagnosis is necessary, since in about half of the cases, patients have several diseases of the genitourinary system at once. It is better to undergo examination at the same time in 2-3 clinics that are not connected with each other.

If a pathology is detected, the specialist leading the pregnancy and the sexual partner should be informed. The first will determine whether to start taking drugs against trichomoniasis (usually in the first trimester abstain from therapy). The second is obliged to make an appointment with a venereologist and undergo a course of treatment even if the diagnosis did not reveal the presence of Trichomonas in the body.

Important! For some time, the couple will have to give up intimacy. The duration of abstinence directly depends on the results of control tests for trichomoniasis, which are taken immediately after the end of treatment.

Starting from the 12th week of pregnancy, let's take Metronidazole. A woman is prescribed 2 g of the drug (tablets) or suppositories ( local preparations practically ineffective, not suitable for monotherapy). The medication is taken orally once, at night. Candles put 5-7 days, sometimes - 10.

The consequences of using the drug in the 2nd and 3rd trimesters have not been sufficiently studied. Tests were carried out only on animals. However, most doctors, based on the available clinical data, define Metronidazole as the best remedy from trichomoniasis for women preparing for replenishment in the family. Others call Ornidazole a first-line drug. The dosage of this remedy is determined based on the woman's body weight: for each kg there should be 25 mg of the drug.

After delivery, the child is examined for the presence of Trichomonas. They can be found not only in the tissues of the genital organs, but also in other parts of the body. Quite often the disease attacks oral cavity, eyes.

The mother herself after childbirth is obliged to ask for a control test for the disease. Reason: repeatedly obtained negative results during pregnancy are not so indicative. At the same time, the birth of a child can provoke the activation chronic infections temporarily dormant.

Mode during therapy

So that the signs of trichomoniasis not only fade away, but disappear forever, you should adhere to certain rules. First of all, the recommendations are suitable for women who take 5-nitroimidazole derivatives.

Note! Spouses different dates testing at the end of treatment. Earlier, they take materials for research from women (about 7-10 days). You should not have sexual relations until the results of your husband's therapy are announced.

Trichomoniasis is difficult to determine on its own. Only a systematic visit to a gynecologist saves a woman the possibility of timely detection of the disease. When an infection is detected, it is worth taking note of the recommendations on the daily regimen and behavior. Compliance with the advice will prevent the transition of pathology into a chronic form.

Characteristic signs of the disease in women are frothy discharge, vaginal itching and painful urination.

Men do not see characteristic symptoms diseases trichomoniasis Treatment in women drugs with antiprotozoal action are prescribed by a doctor.

What is Trichomonas?

More than 100 species of the genus Trichomonas are distinguished, but only three are pathogenic to humans: Trichomonas hominis, Trichomonas tenax, and Trichomonas vaginalis.

Trichomonas hominis lives in gastrointestinal tract and causes diarrhea It is more common in children than in adults, but its pathogenesis has not yet been studied.

Trichomonas tenax causes oral disease. Its presence is sometimes detected in sputum during pneumonia or bronchial inflammation. Only Trichomonas vaginalis contributes to the formation of inflammatory processes in the human genitourinary system.

T. vaginalis has a pear-shaped, oval, rarely spindle-shaped shape.
Their size can vary from 8 to 30 microns, and vary depending on the phase of clinical infection.
Trichomonas feed on bacteria, fungi, but their main nutrient is glycogen from the epithelial cells of the genitourinary system.
As a rule, infection with Trichomonas vaginalis resolves without characteristic features. Symptoms of the disease appear when the infection becomes acute. Chronic form disease, is more common, and is accompanied by signs of a weaker intensity.

How to cure trichomoniasis in women?
It can be effectively treated with antibiotics. Even in the absence of signs of disease infected person can infect a sexual partner.
Therefore, it is important that both partners pass at the same time pharmacological treatment.

Is trichomoniasis transmitted through a condom?
Correct use condoms greatly reduces, but does not eliminate the risk of contracting or spreading Trichomonas.

Currently, metronidazole is most often used in the fight against trichomonas vaginalis, but in recent years there has been an increase in the number of strains resistant to this drug.
Also appear important questions concerning immunology, complications during pregnancy, accurate diagnosis and public health control from this infection.

The high transmission rate and serious complications associated with morbidity during pregnancy indicate the need for an epidemiological control program for this disease.

How do people become infected with trichomonas vaginalis?

Trichomonas vaginalis often cause inflammation of the vulva, vagina, and cervix.
At gynecological examination the patient experiences changes in the form of edema and redness of the vaginal mucosa, spots and papules and erosion of the cervix.
In 5-15% of patients, the examination does not reveal any anomalies.
To clinical manifestations T. vaginalis invasions include: itching, burning of the vulva, grey-green, frothy, smelly vaginal discharge, bright red vaginal epithelium, sometimes with punctate changes, painful and more frequent urination.
About the defeat of the upper areas urinary organs may indicate pain in the lower abdomen.

Symptoms worsen during or immediately after menstruation. Chronic infestations can cause disturbances menstrual cycle. In women, infection is usually limited to the vulva, vagina, and cervix.

In men, most infections are asymptomatic, only occasionally there are signs of pain during urination, and after a night's rest, discharge from the urethra rarely appears.
The infection can affect the urethra, bladder, prostate and seminal vesicles.

In children, the signs of the disease and their severity depend on the sex and period of development (age) of the child. They may include fever and:
- in girls:

• swelling and redness of the vulva;
• erosion of the cervix;
• signs of inflammation of the urethra;
• rashes of the skin of the perineum and groin;

- in boys:

• swelling and redness of the mouth of the urethra;
• leukocyturia.

Diagnostics

When the first ones appear warning signs trichomonas infection, you should see a doctor as soon as possible. Numerous diagnostic methods have been developed to detect T. vaginalis infestations and determine the treatment regimen.
During the diagnosis, the specialist asks the patient about previously diagnosed sexually transmitted diseases.

For a correct diagnosis, it is necessary differential diagnosis, since trichomonas infection is easily confused with chlamydia.

Are chlamydia and trichomoniasis the same thing? Although these diseases share similar symptoms, they are caused by different bacteria. The cause of chlamydia is chlamydia trachomatis. Therefore, for accurate diagnosis is used microscopic examination.

To do this, during the examination, a sample of secretions is taken from the walls of the vagina, from its posterior fornix, from the cervical canal or from urethra.
A smear is obtained within 2-3 days before or after menstruation.

In men, secretions should be taken from the urethra, from under foreskin, mucus from the prostate or semen. You can examine the sediment of the morning portion of urine (first stream).

Last years characterized by the development of modern serological methods, which are successfully used to diagnose trichomonas vaginalis.
Serological tests help detect trichomonas vaginalis antigens in the secretion under study. They have great diagnostic value.

Blood serum is being tested for the presence of cytokines and chemokines. The results show that in the case of T. vaginalis invasion, their level is increased.

Treatment

Trichomonas infection requires prompt and complex treatment, which should include equally both partners.
It should be borne in mind that Trichomonas vaginalis infects a person as a result of sexual contact, so if only one side is treated, the disease cannot be completely cured.

With symptoms of trichomoniasis, you should contact a gynecologist, a urologist or a venereologist.
Treatment of trichomoniasis in women drugs treatment regimen has the task of slowing down the development of trichomonas vaginitis and eliminating all protozoa from the patient's body.

How to treat trichomoniasis in women? The drugs used for this purpose have an antiprotozoal effect.
The patient is administered, for example, metronidazole, tinidazole, ornidazole, fimidazole.
These drugs interrupt the Trichomonas DNA chain, prevent it from reproducing and lead to its death.

Is it possible to have sex with trichomoniasis during treatment course?
Partners are advised to refrain from sexual intercourse during therapy to prevent re-infection.

Treatment of trichomoniasis in women (drugs, scheme):

1. oral administration metronidazole in a single dose of 2 g or
   oral dose of tinidazole - 2 g.
2. Alternative Treatment trichomonas in women: metronidazole 500 mg orally twice a day for a week.
3. Alcohol consumption should be avoided during pharmacotherapy with nitroimidazoles.
4. To reduce the likelihood of a disulfiram-like reaction, abstinence from alcohol should be continued 24 hours after the end of metronidazole and 3 days after the end of tinidazole.

Nitroimidazoles are the only class of antiprotozoal drugs that are effective against Trichomonas vaginalis infection. Drugs such as metronidazole and tinidazole have been approved by the FDA for the pharmacological treatment of oral or parenteral trichomoniasis.

Tinidazole tends to reach more than high levels in the blood serum and genitourinary system. Has a longer elimination time than metronidazole (12.5 hours vs. 7.3 hours) and fewer gastrointestinal side effects.

You can not shorten the course of treatment, even if the symptoms receded.
In addition, you need to take care of the hygiene of the perineal area and use only preparations intended for this purpose.
During menstruation, it is recommended to refuse tampons, which increase the risk of infection.
Pregnancy and trichomonas infection.

Trichomonas vaginal infections in women during pregnancy are associated with adverse complications in particular, premature rupture of amniotic fluid, premature birth, and low birth weight babies.

Pregnant women (regardless of stage of pregnancy) with infection should receive pharmacotherapy. In the case of trichomoniasis, treatment in women (drugs) should be used according to the following scheme: metronidazole 2 g orally in a single dose.

Metronidazole crosses the placenta, but laboratory results suggest that it has little side effects for the fetus.

In the studies conducted, there are no results proving a teratogenic and mutagenic effect on infants.
Metronidazole is excreted in breast milk.
Some doctors advise postponing breastfeeding for 12 to 24 hours after the mother has taken a 2-g dose of metronidazole. Although there is no evidence of an adverse effect of metronidazole (in breast milk) per baby.
Taking metronidazole during breastfeeding is possible according to the scheme: 400 mg three times a day for 7 days. In this case, there is a lower concentration of the drug in breast milk, which is considered compatible with breastfeeding over a long period of time.

Prevention

The best method of prevention, as well as the spread of sexually transmitted diseases in women and men, is the use of condoms.
This is especially important if you do not have permanent partner and you're not sure about his past.
Asymptomatic infections in men are the most common cause of recurrence of this problem in women.

Other important element prevention against trichomonas vaginalis is the observance of the rules of personal hygiene, and first of all:

• concern for hygiene, it is not recommended to use other people's toiletries, towels and underwear,
• self-monitoring and diagnosis of infected people.

If you notice any signs or symptoms of trichomoniasis, visit your doctor as soon as possible for a proper diagnosis and treatment.