Loperamide effects. "Loperamide" and its complete analogues: efficacy and risks in the treatment of diarrhea. What effect does Loperamide have on the body?

active substance: loperamide;

1 tablet contains loperamide hydrochloride in terms of 100% substance - 2 mg; Excipients: lactose, monohydrate; potato starch; calcium stearate.

Pharmacotherapeutic group

Drugs that inhibit peristalsis. ATC code A07D A03.

Farmacological properties

Pharmacodynamics

Loperamide has antidiarrheal activity. Interacts with opiate receptors in the intestinal wall and blocks the release of acetylcholine and prostaglandin. Slows down intestinal motility and increases the time of passage of intestinal contents. The drug increases the tone of the anal sphincter, helps to retain feces and reduce the frequency of the urge to defecate.

Loperamide is a highly specific substance for the intestinal walls, reaches the systemic circulation in a limited volume, and practically does not penetrate the blood-brain barrier. The threshold of central action is much higher than the dose that has the maximum effect against diarrhea.

Pharmacokinetics

The action occurs quickly (1 hour after taking the tablets orally, 85% of loperamide is found in the gastrointestinal tract, 5% in the liver) and lasts 4-6 hours. The maximum concentration of loperamide in plasma is determined after 4 hours. Binding to plasma proteins - 97%.

It is excreted mainly in the form of conjugates with bile and feces. The elimination half-life averages 12 hours. With renal failure, an increase in the concentration of loperamide in the blood serum is possible.

Indications

Symptomatic treatment of acute and chronic diarrhea of ​​various origins. It can be recommended in case of "traveler's diarrhea" with a duration of treatment up to 2 days. In case of fever or in the presence of blood in the stool, it is recommended to stop taking the drug until the causes of this phenomenon are clarified.

Contraindications

Hypersensitivity to loperamide hydrochloride or to any other component of the drug. Galactose intolerance, lactase deficiency, glucose-galactose malabsorption syndrome.

Do not use for primary therapy in patients with:

Acute dysentery, with blood in the stools and fever; acute ulcerative and pseudomembranous colitis resulting from the use of broad-spectrum antibiotics; bacterial enterocolitis caused by Salmonella, Shigella or Campylobacter, impaired liver function necessary for the metabolism of the drug, as this can lead to a relative overdose.

Conditions in which there is an undesirable inhibition of peristalsis, due to the possible risk of significant complications, including intestinal obstruction, megacolon and toxic megacolon.

It is necessary to immediately stop taking the drug if constipation, bloating or partial intestinal obstruction develops.

The drug is contraindicated for children under the age of 6 years.

Dosage and administration

Loperamide is administered orally orally, the tablets are swallowed whole (without chewing), washed down with water. Loperamide is not intended for the initial treatment of severe diarrhea accompanied by a decrease in fluid and electrolyte levels. Particularly in children, it is desirable to compensate for this loss by prescribing parenteral or oral replacement therapy.

For acute diarrhea the initial dose for adults is 2 tablets (4 mg), for children over the age of 6 years - 1 tablet (2 mg); in the future - 1 tablet (2 mg) after each next liquid bowel movement.

For chronic diarrhea The initial dose for adults is 2 tablets (4 mg) daily, for children over 6 years of age - 1 tablet (2 mg) daily. This dose is then adjusted so that the frequency of solid bowel movements is 1-2 times a day, which is usually achieved with a maintenance dose of 1-6 tablets (2-12 mg) per day.

The maximum daily dose for acute and chronic diarrhea for adults is 8 tablets (16 mg); for children, it should be calculated based on the child's body weight (3 tablets per 20 kg of the child's body weight, but not more than 8 tablets).

In acute diarrhea, if there is no clinical improvement within 48 hours, loperamide hydrochloride should be discontinued.

Application for letreatment of elderly patients

Dose adjustment is not required for elderly patients.

Applicationin case of impaired renal function

Dose adjustment is not required for patients with impaired renal function.

Application forhepatic dysfunction

Although there are no pharmacokinetic data on the effect of loperamide in patients with impaired liver function, such patients should be prescribed the drug with caution due to a slowdown in their first-pass metabolism (see section "Proper safety precautions for use").

Adverse reactions

Allergic reactions: rash, urticaria, pruritus, angioedema, bullous rash, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, erythema multiforme and toxic epidermal necrolysis (Lyell's syndrome), as well as severe hypersensitivity reactions, including anaphylactic shock and anaphylactoid reactions.

From the digestive tract: constipation, flatulence, dry mouth, abdominal cramps and colic, abdominal pain, intestinal obstruction, nausea, vomiting, megacolon, including toxic megacolon; dyspepsia.

From the urinary tract: urinary retention.

From the nervous system: dizziness, headache, drowsiness, incoordination, loss of consciousness, depression of consciousness, tremor.

From the list of the above-mentioned adverse reactions while taking the drug, symptoms characteristic of diarrheal syndrome (abdominal pain / discomfort, nausea, vomiting, dry mouth, fatigue, drowsiness, dizziness, flatulence) may occur. Therefore, it is very difficult to distinguish between these symptoms and manifestations of side effects.

From the side of the organs of vision: miosis.

General disorders: fatigue.

Overdose

Symptoms: depression of the central nervous system (stupor, incoordination, drowsiness, miosis, muscle hypertonicity, respiratory depression), urinary retention and a complex of symptoms similar to intestinal obstruction. Children are more sensitive to effects on the central nervous system due to the fact that their blood-brain barrier is not yet fully functional.

Treatment: in case of an overdose of the drug, immediately introduce activated charcoal and rinse the stomach. Naloxone can be used as an antidote. Since the duration of action of loperamide hydrochloride exceeds that of naloxone (1-3 hours), repeated administration of naloxone may be required. Therefore, the patient should be closely monitored for 48 hours in order to detect signs of CNS depression.

Application during the periodpregnancy or breastfeeding

Despite the lack of data on the teratogenic and embryotoxic properties of loperamide, the drug should be prescribed during pregnancy, especially in the first trimester, only if the expected therapeutic effect for the mother outweighs the potential risk to the fetus / child.

Loperamide in small amounts passes into breast milk, so if necessary, the use of the drug, breastfeeding is recommended to stop.

Children

Children under 6 years of age the drug is contraindicated.

Application features

Treatment of diarrhea is symptomatic. If it is possible to determine the etiology of the disease (or it is indicated that it is necessary to do this), then, if possible, specific treatment should be carried out (the drug does not replace antibacterial treatment for infectious diseases).

During the treatment of diarrhea (especially in children), it is necessary to replenish the loss of fluid and electrolytes and follow a diet.

With caution, the drug should be used for dehydration, elderly patients (risk of loss of fluid and electrolytes).

Patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome taking the drug for diarrhea should stop treatment at the first signs of bloating. There are isolated case reports of toxic megacolon occurring in AIDS patients with infectious colitis of both viral and bacterial origin while treated with loperamide.

Although no pharmacokinetic data are available in patients with hepatic impairment, loperamide should be used with caution in such patients due to a slowdown in first-pass metabolism. Patients with impaired liver function should be closely monitored in order to timely detect signs of toxic damage to the central nervous system.

Loperamide should be used with caution in patients in cases of exacerbation of ulcerative colitis. Drugs that prolong transit time may lead to the development of toxic megacolon in this group of patients.

Given that loperamide is well metabolized and loperamide or its metabolites are excreted in the faeces, dose adjustment of loperamide is usually not required in patients with impaired renal function.

The ability to influence the reaction rate when driving vehicles or working with other mechanisms

The drug usually does not affect the speed of psychomotor reactions, however, in case of weakness, fatigue, drowsiness or dizziness, it is not recommended to drive a car or work with complex equipment.

Interaction with other medicinal products and other forms of interaction

Antifungal drugs. Itraconazole significantly (3-4 times) increases the peak plasma concentration of loperamide, and also lengthens the half-life of the drug. Simultaneous administration of loperamide and ketoconazole increases the serum level of loperamide by 5 times, but this does not lead to an increase in the pharmacodynamic effects of the drug.

hypolipidemic agents. Simultaneous administration of loperamide and gemfibrozil doubles the concentration of loperamide in the blood and prolongs its half-life.

The combination of itraconazole and gemfibrozil, when used simultaneously with loperamide, leads to an increase in the level of loperamide in the blood serum by 4 times and a 13-fold increase in the residence time of the drug in the blood serum, but these indicators do not affect the function of the central nervous system.

P-glycoprotein inhibitors. Simultaneous use of loperamide (at a dose of 16 mg) together with ritonavir or quinidine can lead to an increase in plasma bioavailability of loperamide by 2-3 times.

Antibacterial drugs. The use of co-trimoxazole increases the bioavailability of loperamide.

Antiarrhythmic drugs. The simultaneous use of quinidine and loperamide can lead to respiratory depression.

Hormones of the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, gonadotropic hormones and their antagonists. The use of desmopressin and loperamide leads to a 2-fold increase in the level of desmopressin in the blood serum due to its increased absorption in the gastrointestinal tract.

In children, co-administration with drugs that have a depressant effect on the central nervous system should be avoided.

Best before date

Storage conditions

Store in original packaging at a temperature not exceeding 25 °C.

Keep out of the reach of children.

Package

10 tablets in a blister, 2 blisters in a pack.

Holiday conditions

Without recipe.

Nameand location of the manufacturer

PJSC "Kyivmedpreparat", Ukraine, 01032, Kyiv, st. Saksaganskogo, 139,

What is the drug "Loperamide" for? Reviews about this drug, its indications, side effects, instructions and contraindications will be presented in this article. We will also tell you about the pharmacological characteristics of the mentioned remedy, what is included in its composition, in what forms it is produced, etc.

Composition, packaging, form and description

In what form can a medicine like Loperamide be purchased? Reviews of experts claim that this medication comes to pharmacies in the form of capsules, absorbable tablets and drops.

The first two forms are intended for adult patients, as well as children over six years of age. As for the latter, in some countries drops were used only for babies up to a year old. However, in the Russian Federation, this form is not allowed for sale, since it was very often used independently, without a doctor's prescription, which often led to serious complications, including death.

The active substance of tablets and capsules is loperamide hydrochloride. The doctors' comments say that this component in both forms is contained in the same amount, that is, 2 mg each. As for additional elements, they include lactose, corn starch, talc and colloidal silicon dioxide.

Capsules are available in a gelatin shell. Their contents are white or almost white powder. The tablets are flat and may have a yellowish sheen.

Both types of the drug are contained in blister packs, which are placed in cardboard boxes.

Pharmacological characteristics

What is a tool like "Loperamide"? Reviews of pharmacists inform us that this is a symptomatic antidiarrheal medication.

By binding to the opioid receptors of the intestinal walls, the active substance of the drug reduces the motility and tone of the smooth muscles of the intestine. Such an effect slows down the passage of its contents, and also reduces the release of electrolytes and liquid with feces.

It should also be noted that the agent in question increases the tone of the sphincter (anal), which ultimately contributes to the reduction of the urge to defecate and the retention of feces.

How long does the drug "Loperamide" work? Patient reviews indicate that the effect of taking such a medicine comes very quickly. And it lasts for 5-6 hours.

Pharmacokinetic properties

How quickly is the active substance of the drug in question (loperamide hydrochloride) absorbed? Reviews of experts contain information that the highest concentration of the active component of this agent is achieved 2.6 hours after administration. The absorption of the drug is 40%, and the connection with proteins is 97%.

It should also be noted that the drug does not penetrate. In addition, its metabolism occurs almost entirely in the liver (by conjugation).

The half-life of the drug is 10-14 hours. It is excreted mainly by the intestines, as well as by the kidneys (a small part).

Indications

Why is Loperamide prescribed for children? Reviews of experts say that this drug can be taken not only for babies, but also for adults. It is intended for the symptomatic treatment of chronic and acute diarrhea of ​​​​various origins (allergic, medicinal, emotional, radiation, etc.). In addition, this medication is able to regulate stool in patients with a diagnosis such as ileostomy.

Contraindications

In the presence of what conditions can not use the drug "Loperamide"? Instructions for use, reviews of doctors inform that the agent in question is not recommended for patients with hypersensitivity to the drug, lactase deficiency or glucose-galactose malabsorption, diverticulosis, intestinal obstruction, ulcerative colitis in the acute stage, diarrhea that occurs against the background of pseudomembranous enterocolitis ( acute).

It should also be noted that this medication cannot be used as monotherapy for dysentery and other infections of the gastrointestinal tract, pregnancy (especially in the 1st trimester) and lactation.

Is it possible to give the drug "Loperamide" to children? Reviews of experts say that medicine in capsules is not prescribed for babies.

With extreme caution, this medication is given to patients with liver failure.

Methods of taking and dosage of the drug

How should you take the drug "Loperamide" (indications for use, reviews about this remedy you can find in the presented article)?

The capsules must be swallowed whole, without chewing, with a small amount of water. As for the tablets, they are placed under the tongue. Within a few seconds, the medicine should completely dissolve, after which it is required to swallow all the saliva. Tablets should not be taken with water.

The dosage of the agent under consideration depends on the age of the patient.

For chronic and acute diarrhea, adults are prescribed 2 capsules (initially), and then 1 capsule after each bowel movement (if the stool is still liquid).

In acute diarrhea, children over 6 years of age are given 1 capsule after each bowel movement.

The maximum daily dosage in adults (with chronic and acute diarrhea) is 8 capsules, and in children - 3.

In the absence of a chair for more than 12 hours, and also after its normalization, treatment with this drug should be stopped.

Overdose

What are the consequences if the patient has taken Loperamide (tablets) incorrectly? Reviews of doctors say that in this case the following overdose symptoms may appear: CNS depression (miosis stupor, drowsiness, impaired coordination, respiratory depression and muscle hypertension).

As a treatment, symptomatic therapy is carried out. The patient is washed out the stomach, and also given activated charcoal.

In case of overdose, medical supervision is necessary for at least two days.

lactation and pregnancy

Can Loperamide be taken during pregnancy? Reviews of experts inform that this remedy is contraindicated in the 1st trimester. As for the 2nd and 3rd, during this period, women can be prescribed an antidiarrheal medication, but only after an objective determination of the ratio of benefit to the mother and harm to the baby.

Due to the fact that a small amount of the drug is found in breast milk, breastfeeding should be discontinued while taking it.

Side effects

As a rule, the drug "Loperamide" is well tolerated by patients. However, in some cases, the patient may experience allergic reactions (for example, as well as insomnia or, conversely, drowsiness, hypovolemia, electrolyte disturbances, gastralgia, dry mouth, pain or discomfort in the abdomen, vomiting, intestinal colic and flatulence.

It should also be noted that very rarely, as side effects in patients, urinary retention and intestinal obstruction are observed.

Features of the drug

If there is no therapeutic effect after 2 days of treatment with the agent in question, then you should consult a doctor.

If during therapy there is bloating or constipation, the drug should be discontinued. In patients with impaired liver function, careful monitoring of symptoms of CNS toxicity is required.

In time, the loss of electrolytes and fluids should be replenished.

Akrikhin HFC (Russia)

pharmachologic effect

Antidiarrheal.

Interacts with opiate receptors of the longitudinal and circular muscles of the intestinal wall and inhibits the release of acetylcholine and prostaglandin.

Slows down peristalsis and increases the time of passage of intestinal contents.

Increases the tone of the anal sphincter, helps to retain feces and reduce the urge to defecate.

Absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract, metabolized in the liver.

The time to reach the maximum concentration is about 8.5 hours after taking the solution and 5 hours after taking the capsules; binds to plasma proteins by 97%.

The half-life is 9-14 hours (mean 11 hours), it is excreted mainly in the form of conjugates with bile and feces.

Adverse reactions

Drowsiness, dizziness, weakness, fatigue, dry mouth, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, constipation or bloating (rare).

Indications for use

Symptomatic treatment of acute and chronic diarrhea of ​​​​various genesis (allergic, emotional, drug, radiation; with changes in diet and quality of food, with metabolic and absorption disorders; as an adjuvant for diarrhea of ​​​​infectious genesis).

Stool regulation in patients with ileostomy.

Contraindications Loperamide

Hypersensitivity, intestinal obstruction, acute ulcerative colitis, diverticulosis, diarrhea against the background of acute pseudomembranous enterocolitis, dysentery and other infections of the gastrointestinal tract.

Pregnancy (1 trimester), lactation, children under 2 years of age (The drug is not prescribed for children under 6 years of age).

Carefully.

Liver failure.

Method of application and dosage

For acute diarrhea:

• adults - 4 mg, then 2 mg;
• children (over 6 years) - 2 mg, then 2 mg after each liquid stool.

For chronic diarrhea:

• adults - 4 mg, then at a dose that provides stool frequency 1-2 times a day (2-12 mg per day); the maximum daily dose is 16 mg;
• children - 2 mg, then similarly select the dose, but not exceeding the maximum daily dose (6 mg per 20 kg of body weight).

Overdose

Symptoms:

• CNS depression (stupo,
• lack of coordination
• drowsiness,
• muscle hypertension,
• respiratory depression,
• intestinal obstruction.

Treatment:

• Naloxone is used as an antidote.

Given that the duration of action of loperamide is longer than that of naloxone, repeated administration of the antagonist is possible.

Immediately after an overdose, activated charcoal is administered and the stomach is washed; if necessary, support the function of breathing.

Interaction

No information.

special instructions

During the treatment of diarrhea (especially in children), it is necessary to replenish the loss of fluid and electrolytes.

If within 48 hours in acute diarrhea there is no clinical improvement or constipation, bloating, partial intestinal obstruction develops, loperamide should be discontinued.

Patients with hepatic dysfunction should be closely monitored for signs of CNS toxicity.

In case of occurrence, weakness, fatigue, drowsiness or dizziness, it is not recommended to drive a car or work with machinery.

If you need to urgently deal with diarrhea that appeared so inopportunely before a wedding, important exams, during an urgent trip or a long-awaited vacation, it is difficult to find something more convenient to use than this inexpensive and effective drug. However, in its use there are important nuances that must be taken into account.

How to take loperamide

Loperamide is an antidiarrheal agent.

When taking loperamide, you need to be guided by the instructions for use. It is recommended to start with a double dose of 4 mg, moving from the next dose of the drug to a dose of 2 mg. However, if the diarrhea is not pronounced, do not double the dose, it is better to start with 2 mg, and continue to be guided by your well-being. For a day, you can not take more than 16 mg of the drug. Features of the use of various dosage forms of loperamide:

• capsules are taken with water in an amount of at least 250 ml;
• chewable tablets should not be swallowed without chewing them thoroughly;
• shake the suspension well before use, measuring it with a measuring spoon

Take the drug on an empty stomach or with meals, trying to drink as much liquid as possible. There is no exact scheme for its use, unless loperamide is prescribed by a doctor as part of a comprehensive treatment.

If an overdose occurs, first of all, you need to seek qualified medical advice, at least call an ambulance. This can be understood by the following symptoms: confusion, pain and swelling in the intestines, extremely rare urination.

If they are joined by swelling of the face, throat, skin itching with red spots, perhaps this is how the side effects of taking the drug manifest themselves in the form of an allergic reaction. Side effects can also be manifested by increased diarrhea, the appearance of blood in the stool. In such cases, delay is unacceptable, urgent medical consultation is needed. Such phenomena are extremely rare, the most that can threaten when taking the drug is constipation for 1-3 days, slight lethargy, rarely dizziness

Loperamide: indications for use

Loperamide: release form - tablets

Indications for the use of loperamide is diarrhea or diarrhoea. The name of the drug itself and the name of the main active ingredient, its active base are identical. They are similar in their effect and contain loperamide in their composition such drugs as Imodium, Enterobene, Laremid, Lopedium. Loperamide reduces the intensity of intestinal contractions, which consistently move the food bolus along it. Due to this, food does not rush through the digestive tract at an unusual speed, both liquid and nutrients have time to be absorbed through the intestinal walls, and dehydration of the body does not occur.

In addition, under the action of the drug, the amount of mucous secretion produced by the intestinal walls decreases, and the density of feces approaches normal. At the same time, the drug increases the tone of the anal sphincter, which almost completely eliminates the endless urge to defecate, these unpleasant symptoms of intestinal upset.

The peculiarity of this drug is that it only relieves the unpleasant symptoms of diarrhea, but cannot cope with its cause.

Before you start using loperamide, you need to be sure that diarrhea is not infectious in nature, did not appear as a result of food poisoning. It is in such cases that it is extremely undesirable to fight diarrhea, because with the help of loose stools the body gets rid of intoxication, prevents the products of bacterial activity and toxins from being absorbed into the blood. Indications for the use of loperamide may be such conditions as:

• diarrhea caused by nervous system overload, stress (“bear disease”);
• "traveler's diarrhea", caused by a change in climate, habitual diet;
• chronic bowel disease, Crohn's disease;
• condition after chemotherapy;
• the presence of an ileostomy, when the contents of the intestine in severe diseases are removed through an opening in the abdominal wall.

Without consulting a doctor, loperamide can be used only in the first and second cases, and even then, if, in addition to diarrhea, there are no such symptoms: fever, headaches, blood in the stool, fever, abdominal pain.

Prohibitions and restrictions in taking loperamide

loperamide capsules

If the drug is taken for a short time, only as a symptomatic agent, then as soon as the stool returns to normal, it should be stopped. Since loperamide can depress the nervous system in large doses, it is forbidden to use it in children under 6 years of age and with extreme caution in adolescents under 12 years of age. The effect of the drug on the central nervous system is due to the ban on the use of alcohol during treatment, as well as on driving a car. It should be taken into account that the period of excretion of the drug from the body is quite long, that is, long-term consequences are possible.

As for taking loperamide during pregnancy, it is better to refrain from it, especially the first 3 months. If it is absolutely necessary to use the drug, a pregnant woman should consult a doctor and minimize the dosage. The drug, taken during breastfeeding, enters the milk in an amount of 0.03%, however, even such a meager dose can cause slow breathing and drowsiness in an infant. Medical contraindications to the use of loperamide are erosions, intestinal ulcers and diverticulosis in order to avoid perforation of the intestinal walls and the occurrence of peritonitis. It is impossible to use it for bacterial intestinal infections and food poisoning, as well as for reduced liver function.

Inexpensive and effective, loperamide is used as a symptomatic treatment for non-infectious diarrhea. At the same time, careful consideration of contraindications and compliance with the required dosage is necessary.

Can children be given a medicine such as loperamide, you can find out from the video:

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The drug loperamide for diarrhea is a popular remedy recommended by many experts. It is able to effectively eliminate various forms of diarrhea and is suitable for almost any category of patients. Loperamide and other preparations containing it, such as Lopedium, can be freely purchased at any pharmacy.

Causes of diarrhea, mechanism of formation and accompanying symptoms

Diarrhea (diarrhea) can be caused by a violation of the absorption of fluid by the intestines, resulting in loose stools.

Under normal conditions, human feces contain 60% water, with diarrhea it can reach 90%.

The normal functioning of the intestines, in turn, can be disturbed by the following reasons:

• allergies to food and drugs;
• drinking unboiled water, which may contain bacteria;
• infectious diseases of the gastrointestinal tract;
• stress, nervous disorders.

With diarrhea, in addition to loose stools, the following symptoms and complications may occur:

• dehydration, dry mouth;
• infrequent urination;
• stomach ache;
• vomiting and dizziness;
• heat;
• the presence of blood in the stool.

In addition to ailments and discomfort, diarrhea can become chronic, so if you find one or more of the above symptoms, you should resort to taking medication, and in the most severe cases, consult a doctor.

Rules for the use of the drug for diarrhea

Loperamide as a remedy for diarrhea is available in drops, capsules and tablets for suction.

Tablets and capsules are usually presented in packs of 10 pieces of 2 grams each. So there is not much difference from the effect in the first and second cases after taking it, only the second option is somewhat more convenient.

Depending on the type of diarrhea in adults, loperamide is taken in the following dosages.

With a single acute attack of diarrhea, 4 grams (i.e. 2 tablets or capsules) 3 times a day after meals, after each stool another 1 tablet. But at the same time, no more than 16 grams per day.

In chronic diarrhea for prevention, the remedy is taken 2 capsules or tablets per day.

The optimal daily intake for adults is 8 grams or 4 tablets (capsules). After taking it, it is recommended to drink the medicine with water in an amount of approximately 100 ml.

Doctors advise taking loperamide for diarrhea symptoms regularly, without interrupting the course, until positive results are found.

After that, for reliability, you can extend the reception by 2-3 days. And in case of relapse, resume the course of treatment.

Indications

This remedy is taken in the following exacerbations of the gastrointestinal tract:

• diarrhea, both single and chronic, caused by various reasons;
• intestinal irritation;
• food poisoning;
• pancreatitis, gastroenteritis and cholecystitis.

The drug is dispensed in pharmacies freely, without prescriptions.

Appointment in special cases

The dosage for children from 6 to 12 years, in contrast to treatment in adults, is reduced by 2 times. That is, at a time, 2 grams, and after each chair, half a tablet. Children under 6 years of age should not be given this drug.

For pregnant women in the first trimester of pregnancy, loperamide is not recommended at all. The rest of the time, you can use the adult dose, but only if there is no alternative remedy. During the feeding period, doctors also do not advise taking this remedy.

As for the elderly, if no contraindications are found, then the drug is taken at an adult dose.

Contraindications and overdose

• individual intolerance and allergic reactions to drugs and loperamide in particular;
• acute forms of ulcers;
• intestinal obstruction;
• dysentery, cholera and other serious infectious diseases;
• first trimester of pregnancy in women;
• period of breastfeeding;
• constipation and bloating;
• intestinal diverticula.

Children under 6 years old are forbidden to give capsules, and tablets up to 2 years of age.

When taking more than 16 grams of the drug (daily rate), an overdose may occur.

It is accompanied by such phenomena as intestinal obstruction, stupor, drowsiness, and respiratory failure. To get rid of the consequences of an overdose of the drug, you should take an adsorbent, preferably activated charcoal. Also gastric lavage will not interfere.

Analogues

In addition to loperamide, there are the following popular diarrhea tablets:

Imodium - tablets or capsules for absorption. More versatile than the described medicine, but have a higher cost. There is a variety in the form of chewable tablets, which is recognized as the most effective.

Lopedium is a similar preparation containing loperamide in its composition. It has a lower price, the effect is about the same.

Diara are chewable tablets designed to eliminate various forms of diarrhea.

Capsules Superilol and Enterobene - contain an effective chemical compound that allows you to eliminate the harmful factors of diarrhea, can normalize bowel function.

Prices

Depending on the form of release for loperamide, the price is on average:

• Loperamide Akri capsules - 20 rubles for 1 pack (10 pieces);
• Loperamide tablets - 15 rubles per pack (20 pieces);
• Loperamide Stada capsules - 25 rubles per 1 pack (10 pieces);
• Vero-Loperamide tablets - 13 rubles per 1 pack (10 pieces).

Storage and dispensing from pharmacies

Store this medicine in a closed place, out of direct sunlight and out of reach of children. Storage temperature from +15 to +30 degrees. The expiration date depends on the manufacturer, and it can be specified on the package.

Loperamide and its analogues are freely available from pharmacies without a prescription.

Reviews

Feedback on the reception of loperamide in most patients is positive. They indicate a relatively low cost and effectiveness when taken regularly. But at the same time, Imodium is noted more in terms of its effectiveness.

Conclusion

As a remedy for diarrhea, loperamide is a good and affordable medicine for different categories of patients. It can be taken by almost all adults except for early pregnant women and nursing mothers. The drug is also recommended for children from 6 years old, but at a dosage reduced by 2 times.

Loperamide and its analogues are relatively affordable at prices and can be purchased without a prescription at most pharmacies.

The presence of symptoms such as:

• Diarrhea
• smell from the mouth
• heartburn
• stomach ache
• feeling of heaviness in the stomach
• constipation
• belching
• increased gas production (flatulence)

If you have at least 2 of these symptoms, then this indicates a developing

gastritis or ulcer.

These diseases are dangerous for the development of serious complications (penetration, gastric bleeding, etc.), many of which can lead to

exodus. Treatment needs to start now.

Read the article about how a woman got rid of these symptoms by defeating their root cause in a natural way. Read the material ...

If you are taking the medicine in the form of a suspension: shake the medicine vial well before measuring the required dose of the suspension.

Measure the dose of the medicine with a special measuring spoon or measuring cup. If you do not have a measuring spoon or cup, ask for them at the pharmacy.

Store the medicine at room temperature, in a dry and dark place. Do not freeze medicine in the form of a liquid suspension.

loperamide and alcohol

Loperamide may cause drowsiness and dizziness. Since alcohol can increase these side effects, it is recommended to refrain from drinking alcoholic beverages while taking Loperamide.

What should I do if I forget to take a dose of medication?

As a rule, Loperamide is recommended to be taken as needed (for example, when diarrhea occurs), so there is no exact regimen for taking this medication.
If you are taking Loperamide regularly as directed by your doctor and you forget to take one dose, take the missed dose as soon as you remember. If by this time it is time to take the next dose of the medicine, do not take the missed dose. Do not double the dose of a medicine to make up for a missed dose.

What should I do if I take too much loperamide?

If you have taken too much medicine, contact the ambulance service.

An overdose of loperamide can be manifested by the following symptoms: abdominal pain, confusion, urinary retention, bloating, etc.

Loperamide was first synthesized in 1969 in Belgium. The main contribution to the creation of this drug was made by Paul Janssen, who in 1982 became the winner of the international Gairdner Prize. The main indications for the use of loperamide were frequent bowel movements and loose stools. After the patent expired, Loperamide began to be used by many pharmaceutical companies as one of the constituent components in their medicines. The company that developed the original drug (Janssen Pharmaceutica) began marketing it under the name Imodium.

IMPORTANT! natural remedy Nutricomplex restores the correct metabolism in 1 month. Read the article>>…

Paul Janssen

Just 7 years after its discovery, Loperamide has become the best-selling diarrhea drug in the United States. In 2013, the World Health Organization included this drug in the list of essential medicines.

Pharmacodynamics

If you take Loperamide, how will it affect the body? Once in the digestive tract, Loperamide binds to opioid receptors, thereby reducing the tension of the muscular wall of the intestine. At the same time, the activity of the digestive tract decreases, which allows you to slow down the passage of feces. Under the influence of Loperamide, the tone of the anal sphincter increases, due to which the urge to defecate decreases and intestinal contents are better retained. The effect of the drug can be felt almost instantly, and it lasts an average of 5 hours.

Despite the fact that Loperamide has a certain affinity for opioid receptors, its peculiarity does not allow comparison with conventional opiates (morphine, opium, etc.). Loperamide completely lacks a central effect, i.e., there is no effect on the brain. Its selective effect on the intestines eliminates the appearance of addiction and severe side effects.

Pharmacokinetics

Absorption of the drug is 40%, and the maximum concentration in the blood is reached 150 minutes after ingestion. It does not pass through the blood-brain barrier, therefore it does not affect the central nervous system. Entering the liver, it begins to be actively metabolized during oxidative N-demethylation. In the process of conjugation in the liver, it is almost completely excreted in the bile. The half-life occurs 8-13 hours after taking the drug, but on average it is 11 hours. A small proportion of the active substance is excreted through the urinary system in the form of metabolites.

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Indications

What are loperamide tablets for? The main indication for the appointment of loperamide is the development of diarrhea. Depending on the disease that caused this symptom, the degree of its severity may differ. In addition, the intensity of diarrhea is affected by the severity of the pathology and the condition of the intestine before the onset of the disease. It must be said that much still depends on the individual characteristics of the organism. In some patients, diarrhea is accompanied by severe abdominal pain, while in others, only moderate discomfort.

One of the diseases in which loperamide is needed is irritable bowel syndrome. This violation has been little studied and the diagnosis can be made only if organic pathology is completely excluded. Loperamide will be very effective for functional diarrhea.

signs of diarrhea

Unformed chair. The lower intestines are responsible for drawing fluid out of the stool. With the development of sigmoiditis, colitis and other inflammatory bowel diseases, moisture absorption may be impaired, which is the reason for the liquid state of the stool. Subjectively, patients can feel water overflowing inside them. If the patient suffers from food poisoning, then in addition to a violation of the absorption properties of the intestine, an increased release of fluid into the lumen joins the pathogenesis. This is especially pronounced in cholera, when people die from severe dehydration. With the acceleration of peristalsis, patients begin to go to the toilet more often. This symptom may be associated with bloating and flatulence.

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Symptoms associated with diarrhea

Pain in the abdominal region. The severity of this symptom varies depending on the disease and its severity. Pain happens:

• stabbing;
• cutting;
• pulling;
• stupid;
• aching;
• pressing, etc.

Localization is associated with the department of the digestive tract involved in the pathological process. This can be the umbilical region with salmonellosis, the left iliac with diverticulosis or megacolon, the right hypochondrium with hepatitis, cholecystitis, girdle pain with pancreatitis. Very often the symptom is combined with a feeling of fullness, rumbling and swelling. The bursting nature of the pain is observed when the intestines are overflowing with gases.

Localization of pain in diarrheal syndrome

The classic food poisoning begins with vomiting, which gradually flows into diarrhea. Vomiting food in the morning is a common symptom of food poisoning. Then, depending on the degree of intoxication of the body, there may be vomiting of gastric juice, bile, and in case of severe intestinal obstruction, stool. At its core, food regurgitation is a kind of protective reaction of the body, activated when foreign substances (bacteria, alcohol, chemicals, etc.) enter the gastrointestinal tract. Prolonged vomiting can lead to dehydration, general weakness, weight loss and electrolyte imbalance.

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One of the signs of a food infection is a general intoxication of the body. In this case, patients will complain of fever, joint pain and general weakness. With salmonellosis, escherichiosis, shigellosis, body temperature can rise to 390C or more. Fever is often accompanied by headache.

Mode of application

How to take loperamide tablets if acute diarrhea develops? In this case, the drug must be taken 2 tablets for 2 days, then the dose is reduced to 1 tablet. For chronic diarrhea, adults are advised to take 2 tablets per day, in 2 doses with an interval of 6-8 hours.

How long can Loperamide be taken? If after 2 days from the start of treatment with Loperamide there is no improvement in the condition, then you should stop taking the drug. If the stool normalizes within 12 hours from the start of the drug, then you should also stop taking it. There is no fundamental difference in how to take Loperamide, before or after meals, however, there are recommendations that indicate that with the development of acute diarrhea, it is necessary to limit yourself from eating for a while.

Drug packaging

loperamide and alcohol

How do loperamide and alcohol interact together? One of the side effects of loperamide is increased drowsiness and dizziness. Under the influence of ethanol, these effects can intensify and bring significant discomfort to the patient. Experts recommend avoiding the combined use of loperamide and alcohol.

Contraindications

In addition to indications, there are also contraindications that limit the use of Loperamide for a certain circle of people:

• Persons suffering from food poisoning. There are many pathogenic bacteria that multiply in the intestinal wall. With a decrease in peristalsis, stagnation is created and thus a favorable environment is formed for the further reproduction of microorganisms.
• Intestinal obstruction. It is unlikely that anyone would use loperamide for this condition, but anything can happen. Intestinal obstruction can be functional or mechanical. Functional is associated with either hypo- or hypermotility of the intestine. A decrease in the activity of peristalsis in any case will not have a positive effect on the patient's condition. Organic obstruction can be caused by intussusception, torsion of the intestine, as well as obturation with coprolite or bezoar.
• Diverticulosis is a disease associated with the failure of the intestinal wall. With this pathology, "pockets" will be formed in which feces stagnate, the infection multiplies, and subsequently inflammation develops.

But perhaps it is more correct to treat not the consequence, but the cause?

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for acquaintance, contraindications are possible, consultation with the doctor is MANDATORY! Do not engage in self-diagnosis and self-treatment!

Loperamide is a symptomatic medicine. Instructions for use indicate that the purpose of the drug is to treat the non-infectious nature of acute and chronic diarrhea. Due to the action of the active substance of the same name, Loperamide inhibits the movement of intestinal contents, reduces gastrointestinal motility.

Varieties and composition

The drug "Loperamide" is released, the instructions for use confirm this, in the form of drops, sublingual tablets and capsules containing 2 mg of the active ingredient. Auxiliary substances that contribute to better absorption of the active element are: magnesium stearate, talc, silicon dioxide, lactose, starch. Tablets have a whitish or yellow tint, capsules are coated with gelatin.

Pharmacological properties

Tablets "Loperamide" - an effective remedy for diarrhea. The active substance affects the receptors, thus reducing muscle tone and intestinal motility. Such an effect stops the movement of contents through the intestines. In addition, the drug increases the tone of the sphincter, as a result, feces are retained for a longer time. Due to the medication, the frequency of urge to empty the intestines is observed much less frequently. The action of the product begins 40-60 minutes after application. The effect of one capsule is observed for 5 hours.

What helps "Loperamide"?

Tablets and capsule form are prescribed in cases of acute or chronic diarrhea that occurs for various reasons. The indications of the tool are such conditions as:

• diarrhea with allergies;
• diarrhea due to stress or nervous experience;
• stool disorder as a result of taking medications;
• diarrhea caused by radiation sickness;
• when changing the usual diet
• with irritable bowel syndrome;
• acute diarrhea of ​​various etiologies, in which there is a deficiency of minerals;
• stool disorders due to inflammation;
• severe cases of diarrhea;
• abnormalities in patients with ileostomy.

In infectious pathologies, Loperamide tablets help relieve symptoms as part of complex therapy.

Contraindications

It is forbidden to take medication under the following conditions:

• infectious pathologies of the stomach and intestines;
• diverticula, intestinal obstruction;
• acute form of ulcerative colitis;
• subileuse;
• bloating;
• enterocolitis;
• bloody stool;
• dysentery;
• hypersensitivity to the composition of the drug;
• in the early stages of pregnancy;
• during lactation.

In childhood, "Loperamide" is prescribed after 2 years, a variety of "Acre" can be given to babies only from 6 years old. Caution during therapy should be shown to patients with liver failure.

How to take loperamide tablets: instructions for use

The tablet form of "Loperamide" for acute diarrhea is taken as a single dose at a dosage of 4 mg. After the medication is used after each case of loose stools in a volume of 2 mg. It is necessary to take until defecation is normal. Tablets must be kept in the mouth until completely resorbed.

In chronic diarrhea, immediately drink 2 mg of the drug. The subsequent amount of the drug is selected individually for each patient and can vary from 2 to 12 mg. The maximum daily dose should not exceed 16 mg. Take until a hard bowel movement is established.

Capsules "Loperamide"

A synonym from Akri, Grindeks, Shtada and other manufacturers of the capsule form of the drug should be taken by adult patients with acute diarrhea. At the initial stage of treatment, the dose is 4 mg, then they switch to 2 mg. The chronic form is treated with 4 mg of Loperamide.

Instructions for use for children

Tablets are given to children from 4 to 8 years in a volume of 4 mg per day. The daily dose is divided into 4 doses. The medicine must be taken within three days. Children from 9 to 12 are given 4 times 2 mg. Treatment is carried out for 5 days.

Capsules can be prescribed to children only from 6 years of age, 2 mg after loose stools.

Side effects

Negative reactions of the body are observed, as a rule, after prolonged use. The drug can provoke the appearance of such side effects as:

• vomiting, dry mouth, constipation;
• high fatigue;
• intestinal obstruction, nausea, discomfort in the abdomen, painful symptoms in the epigastric region;
• skin rash, urticaria;
• bloating, intestinal colic;
• dizziness, drowsiness;
• in rare cases: anaphylactic shock, urinary retention.

Price and analogues

Medicines cause a similar effect: "Diaremix", "", "Loflatil", "Uzara". The drug "Loperamide", the price of which varies from 20 to 70 rubles, depending on the manufacturer, can be bought at a pharmacy. For 20 capsules from diarrhea, you will have to pay 35 - 40 rubles.

Vacation and storage conditions

The drug can be freely bought at the pharmacy without a prescription. Tablets should be kept away from children in a dark, dry, cool place.

Patient opinions

Patients in the bulk give positive feedback. The medicine effectively helps with diarrhea, which appears for various reasons. Reviews relate to the speed and duration of action of Loperamide. The undeniable advantage is the low cost of the drug. Negative reviews about the drug "Loperamide" are associated with side effects.