Effective solutions for inhalation. What drugs are used for inhalation? Astringent and anti-inflammatory fees

Inhalation - ancient way treatment respiratory tract. The method of treatment is widely used both in hospitals and at home. The hot steam from the kettle and pan was replaced by ultrasonic and compressor devices. Nebulizers turn the medicine into fine aerosols that can penetrate into the deepest parts of the respiratory system. It is only necessary to choose the right remedy for treatment.

What solutions for inhalation are used for cough, runny nose and bronchitis? Are all devices suitable for their use? ? Let's look into these issues.

Inhalation methods for rhinitis are more effective than traditional nasal drops. Moisturizers are used to treat congestion or crusting in the nose. But you need to charge them in steam inhalers:

• More often used pharmaceutical saline solution. At home, it is prepared from table salt- dissolve 1 tsp in 1 liter of water. salt.
• Children at bedtime add to the solution for inhalation 3-5 drops or mint. They help to breathe freely throughout the night by moisturizing the nasal passages.
• Alkaline solutions - or Narzan.

Pharmaceutical medicines for inhalation with a cold through a nebulizer

Before inhalation, consult your doctor about which drugs to use and whether a procedure is needed in this situation.

Folk remedies for a cold

For a runny nose, folk remedies are used:

• In the absence of allergies, for inhalation from a cold, apply propolis tincture– 1 ml pharmacy drug diluted in 20 ml of saline. 3 ml of the prepared composition is placed into the nebulizer chamber with a syringe. Do 3 procedures daily.
• Alcohol tincture of calendula diluted with saline in a ratio of 1:40. For the nebulizer use 3 ml of the prepared composition.

Important! Not recommended for use folk remedies in children and sensitive people - herbal preparations can cause an allergic reaction. Do not use homemade decoctions of flowers and herbs in the nebulizer. They clog the holes of the mesh membrane and can disable the device.

Solutions are used for coughing

In the treatment of cough caused by pharyngitis, laryngitis, compressor nebulizers with an aerosol dispersion of up to 5 microns are best suited. In the treatment of diseases bronchopulmonary system Mesh nebulizers are used. The fine aerosols produced by it penetrate into the most lower divisions- pulmonary alveoli. Mesh nebulizers are used for bronchitis, allergic conditions, pneumonia, bronchial asthma.

Mucolytic agents

Cough inhalation solutions are used to thin and remove sputum from the bronchi. The most commonly used drugs from the group of mucolytic drugs:

The pharmacy chain offers a large selection of mucolytic drugs. But you can not choose without a doctor's prescription.

Bronchodilators

With obstructive lung diseases or established bronchial asthma with asthma attacks, people will not do without an inhaler. To relieve seizures, the nebulizer is charged with drugs:

Berotek and Salbutamol approved for use in children from 4 years of age, and Berodual- from the age of 6.

Types of nebulizers

Pharmacies have a large selection of inhalation devices. Devices of this line split medicinal substances into fine suspension. The smallest particles of aerosols ranging in size from 5 to 8 microns (micrometers) penetrate into the most terminal sections of the respiratory organ - the pulmonary alveoli. The devices differ in size and principle of operation:

When inhaled, the medicine enters directly into the lesion. Due to the local effect, the risk of side effects is minimized.

Rules during the procedure

All models have functional features, but the inhalation rules are the same for all devices:

• during the session, sit on a chair in a relaxed position;
• it is not recommended to take the first breath deep so that there is no spasm;
• a solution is poured into the container of the device, after which it is turned on with a button;
• while you are taking the procedure, you can not talk;
• procedures are done 1–1.5 hours after eating and physical activity;
• in case of diseases of the trachea, bronchi and lungs, the patient breathes through the mouth through the mask;
• after the end of the procedure, it is not recommended to talk, drink, eat and smoke for an hour. You should also talk less;
• rest for 15 minutes after the session;
• It is not recommended to leave the room earlier than half an hour after the procedure. The contrast of air temperature in the lungs and the incoming portion from the outside will provoke a cold.

Inhalations are beneficial if you follow the rules during the session.

INHALYATION RULES:

1. Inhalations should be taken no earlier than 1-1.5 hours after eating, and you should not be distracted by conversation. After inhalation for 1 hour, it is not recommended to talk, eat, go outside (in cool weather).

2. In diseases of the upper respiratory tract (nose, paranasal sinuses and nasopharynx), inhalation and exhalation must be done through the nose using a mask. Breathe calmly, without tension.

3. In case of diseases of the middle respiratory tract (throat, larynx), inhalation and exhalation should be done through the mouth using a mask. Breathe normally

4. In case of diseases of the trachea, bronchi, lungs, it is recommended to inhale the aerosol through the mouth using a mouthpiece. Breathe deeply and evenly.

5. Most solutions for inhalation are prepared on the basis of saline 0.9% sodium chloride (NaCl) as a solvent and humectant. The parent drug is diluted with saline in certain proportions.

6. Store the prepared solution in the refrigerator for no more than a day. Be sure to warm up before use. room temperature

7. When prescribing several drugs at the same time, the sequence should be observed. First, a bronchodilator is inhaled, after 15-20 minutes - a means of thinning and removing sputum, then, after sputum is discharged, an antibiotic or anti-inflammatory agent

8. The course of treatment depends on the complexity of the disease and the drug used (from 5 to 10 days)

9. Although nebulizer therapy does not apply to thermal physiotherapy procedures, nevertheless, it is not recommended to carry out inhalation with elevated temperature body

10. It is forbidden to use in nebulizers oil preparations. Various oils are used to treat diseases only of the upper respiratory tract, for which exposure to coarse particles is sufficient, therefore, steam inhalers are used for inhalation with oils. The nebulizer produces fine particles. Using oil solutions, fine particles of oil enter the lungs, and this significantly increases the risk of developing so-called oil pneumonia. Same application essential oils in nebulizers increases the risk of allergies due to high concentration active substances in the lungs.

11. In most nebulizers, the use of self-prepared decoctions and herbal infusions is not allowed, since they have a suspension that is much larger than aerosol particles and the nebulizer cannot miss them, which in turn can lead to device failure. For the same reason, suspensions and syrups are not used in nebulizers (with the exception of special suspensions for inhalation). Although there are nebulizers that are able to work with decoctions of herbs.

12. Such medications like Eufillin, Papaverine, Diphenhydramine and the like, also cannot be used in nebulizers, since they do not have "application points" on the mucous membrane.

13. REMEMBER TO CONSULT YOUR DOCTOR

1. Drugs that dilate the bronchi (Broncholytics)

Berodual, active ingredient: fenoterol and ipratropium bromide (solution for inhalation) - Prevention and treatment of suffocation in chronic obstructive airway diseases. The most effective of bronchodilator drugs, has the least side effects.

Adults and children over 12 years old - 2 ml (40 drops) of the drug for 1 inhalation, up to 4 times a day

Children from 6 to 12 years old - 1 ml (20 drops) of the drug for 1 inhalation, up to 4 times a day

Children under 6 years old - 0.5 ml (10 drops) of the drug for 1 inhalation, up to 3 times a day

To prepare an inhalation solution, add 3 ml of saline to the recommended dose of the drug.
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Berotek, active ingredient: fenoterol (0.1% solution for inhalation) -

To stop an attack bronchial asthma:

Adults and children over 12 years old - 0.5 ml (0.5 mg - 10 drops), in severe cases- 1 ml (1 mg - 20 drops)

Children 6-12 years old (body weight 22-36 kg) - 0.25-0.5 ml (0.25-0.5 mg - 5-10 drops), in severe cases - 1 ml (1 mg - 20 drops )

Prevention and symptomatic treatment of bronchial asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease:

Adults and children over 6 years old - 0.5 ml (0.5 mg - 10 drops) for 1 inhalation, up to 4 times a day

Children under 6 years old (body weight less than 22 kg) - 0.25-1 ml (0.25-1 mg - 5-20 drops), up to 3 times a day

The recommended dose is diluted with saline immediately before use to a volume of 3-4 ml. The interval between inhalations should not be less than 4 hours.
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Salgim, Ventolin Nebula, active ingredient: salbutamol (0.1% solution for inhalation) - Relief of asthma attacks, prevention and symptomatic treatment of bronchial asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. In terms of effect, it is significantly inferior to Berotek

Adults and children - 2.5 ml (2.5 mg) per 1 inhalation, up to 4 times a day with an interval between inhalations of at least 6 hours

Designed to be used undiluted
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Atrovent, active substance: ipratropium bromide (0.025% solution for inhalation) - Relief of asthma attacks, prevention and symptomatic treatment of bronchial asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The effect is somewhat inferior to Berotek and salbutamol preparations, but the main advantage is the safety of use

Adults and children over 12 years old - 0.5 mg (40 drops) for 1 inhalation, 3-4 times a day

Children 6-12 years old - 0.25 mg (20 drops) for 1 inhalation, 3-4 times a day

Children under 6 years old - 0.1-0.25 mg (8-20 drops) per 1 inhalation, 3-4 times a day (under medical supervision).

2. Drugs that thin sputum (Mucolitics) and remove sputum (Secretolytics, expectorants)

Fluimucil, ACC Inject, active ingredient: acetylcysteine ​​(10% solution for injection) - Violation of sputum discharge from the lower respiratory tract, facilitating the discharge of mucous secretions in the upper respiratory tract

Adults and children over 12 years old - 3 ml of the drug for 1 inhalation, 1-2 times a day

Children from 6 to 12 years old - 2 ml of the drug for 1 inhalation, 1-2 times a day

Children from 2 to 6 years old - 1-2 ml of the drug for 1 inhalation, 1-2 times a day

The course of treatment - no more than 10 days

Acetylcysteine ​​preparations should not be used simultaneously with antibiotics, because. they reduce the absorption of antibiotics. In cases where simultaneous administration of acetylcysteine ​​and an antibiotic is required, either another form of the drug is used: Fluimucil Antibiotic, or other mucolytic drugs compatible with antibiotics (for example, based on Ambroxol) are used. It should be noted that the use of acetylcysteine ​​drugs reduces toxic effect paracetamol on the liver.
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Lazolvan, Abmrobene, active ingredient: ambroxol (solution for inhalation and oral administration) - Acute and chronic respiratory diseases with viscous sputum

Adults and children over 6 years old - 2-3 ml of solution for 1 inhalation, 1-2 times a day

Children from 2 to 6 years old - 2 ml of solution for 1 inhalation 1-2 times a day

Children under 2 years old - 1 ml of solution for 1 inhalation, 1-2 times a day

To prepare an inhalation solution, the recommended dose of the drug should be diluted with saline in a ratio of 1: 1

The course of treatment - no more than 5 days

Amboxol-based preparations should not be used simultaneously with antitussive drugs (for example: codeine, libexin, falimint, broncholithin, pectussin, sinekod, etc.). The use of ambroxol preparations promotes good absorption of antibiotics.
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Narzan, Borjomi (weakly alkaline mineral waters) - Moisturizing the respiratory mucosa

For 1 inhalation, 3-4 ml of mineral water is used, 2-4 times a day.

Before inhalation mineral water must be allowed to degas.
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Sinupret, a homeopathic phytopreparation (drops based on plant extracts: gentian root (gentian), sorrel, primrose, elderberry, verbena) - Restores protective properties and reduces swelling of the mucous membrane of the respiratory tract in acute and chronic sinusitis. Promotes the outflow of exudate from paranasal sinuses nose

For adults and children over 16 years of age - in a ratio of 1: 1 (per 1 ml of the drug 1 ml of saline)

For children from 6 to 16 years old - in a ratio of 1: 2 (for 1 ml of the drug 2 ml of saline)

For children from 2 to 6 years old - in a ratio of 1: 3 (for 1 ml of the drug 3 ml of saline)

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Gedelix, phytopreparation (drops based on ivy extract) - Diseases of the upper respiratory tract and bronchi with sputum difficult to separate, cough (including dry)

To prepare an inhalation solution, the drug must first be diluted in saline:

For adults and children over 10 years old - in a ratio of 1: 1 (per 1 ml of the drug 1 ml of saline)

For children under 10 years old - in a ratio of 1: 2 (for 1 ml of the drug 2 ml of saline)

For 1 inhalation, 3-4 ml of the resulting solution is used, 3 times a day.
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Cough medicine, phytopreparation (powder (for children and adults) for preparing a solution based on plant extracts: anise, licorice root, marshmallow root, thermopsis) - Respiratory tract diseases accompanied by cough, especially with difficult sputum discharge

To prepare an inhalation solution, the contents of 1 package should be dissolved in 15 ml of saline until completely dissolved without sediment.

For 1 inhalation, 3-4 ml of the resulting solution is used, 3 times a day.
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Mukaltin, phytopreparation (tablets based on marshmallow root extract) - Expectorant for diseases of the respiratory tract and lungs

To prepare an inhalation solution, dissolve 1 tablet in 80 ml of saline until completely dissolved without sediment

For 1 inhalation, 3-4 ml of the resulting solution is used, 3 times a day.
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Pertussin, phytopreparation (solution based on plant extract: thyme, thyme) - Expectorant for tracheitis, bronchitis, whooping cough

To prepare an inhalation solution, the drug must first be diluted in saline:

For adults and children over 12 years old - in a ratio of 1: 1 (per 1 ml of the drug 1 ml of saline)

For children under 12 years old - in a ratio of 1: 2 (for 1 ml of the drug 2 ml of saline)

For 1 inhalation, 3-4 ml of the resulting solution is used, 3 times a day.
inhaler3 (667x600, 52Kb)
3. Anti-inflammatory drugs

Rotokan, phytopreparation (alcoholic infusion of plant extracts: calendula, chamomile, yarrow) - Acute inflammatory diseases of the upper and middle respiratory tract

For 1 inhalation, 4 ml of the resulting solution is used, 3 times a day.
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Propolis, phytopreparation (tincture) - Inflammatory processes, pain and injuries of the upper and middle respiratory tract

A solution for inhalation is prepared by diluting the drug in saline in a ratio of 1:20 (1 ml of the drug per 20 ml of saline)

For 1 inhalation, 3 ml of the resulting solution is used, 3 times a day.

Contraindications - Allergy to bee products
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Eucalyptus, phytopreparation (alcohol tincture) - Inflammatory diseases of the upper and middle respiratory tract

A solution for inhalation is prepared by diluting 10-15 drops of the drug in 200 ml of saline

For 1 inhalation, 3 ml of the resulting solution is used, 3-4 times a day

Contraindications - bronchial asthma, bronchospasm (suffocation)
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Malavit, dietary supplement (alcohol tincture based on minerals and plant extracts) - Acute inflammatory diseases and pain of the upper and middle respiratory tract

A solution for inhalation is prepared by diluting the drug in saline in a ratio of 1:30 (1 ml of the drug per 30 ml of saline)

For 1 inhalation, 3-4 ml of the resulting solution is used, 3 times a day.
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Tonsilgon N, homeopathic phytopreparation (drops based on plant extracts: marshmallow root, leaves walnut, horsetail, chamomile, yarrow, oak bark, dandelion) - Acute and chronic diseases upper divisions respiratory tract (tonsillitis, pharyngitis, laryngitis)

To prepare an inhalation solution, the drug must first be diluted in saline:

For adults and children over 7 years old - in a ratio of 1: 1 (per 1 ml of the drug 1 ml of saline)

For children from 1 to 7 years old - in a ratio of 1: 2 (for 1 ml of the drug 2 ml of saline)

For children under 1 year old - in a ratio of 1: 3 (for 1 ml of the drug 3 ml of saline)

For 1 inhalation, 3-4 ml of the resulting solution is used, 3 times a day.
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Calendula, phytopreparation (alcohol extract of calendula extract) - Acute inflammatory diseases of the upper respiratory tract

A solution for inhalation is prepared by diluting the drug in saline in a ratio of 1:40 (1 ml of the drug per 40 ml of saline)

For 1 inhalation use 4 ml of the resulting solution, 3 times a day

4. Anti-inflammatory hormonal drugs (Glucocorticosteroids) and antiallergic drugs (Antihistamines)

Pulmicort, active ingredient: budesonide (suspension for inhalation, available in "children's" (0.25 mg / ml) and "adult" (0.5 mg / ml) dosages) - Acute inflammatory diseases of the lower respiratory tract (bronchial asthma, chronic lung disease), requiring treatment with hormonal drugs. It has anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic action.

Adults/elderly and children over 12 years old - 1 mg per 1 inhalation, 1-3 times a day

Children from 6 months and up to 12 years - 0.25 mg per 1 inhalation, 1-3 times a day

This drug is not used in ultrasonic nebulizers. If a single dose the drug is less than 2 ml, then saline should be added to increase the volume of the inhaled solution to 2 ml. In other cases, the drug is inhaled in pure form(without dilution in saline).

Daily dose of the drug:

0.25 mg / ml - 1 ml at 0.25 mg / ml

0.5 mg / ml - 2 ml at 0.25 mg / ml

0.75 mg / ml - 3 ml at 0.25 mg / ml

1 mg/ml - 4 ml at 0.25 ml/mg or 2 ml at 0.5 mg/ml

1.5 mg / ml - 3 ml at 0.5 mg / ml

2 mg / ml - 4 ml at 0.5 mg / ml
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Dexamethasone, (0.4% injection, 4 mg / ml) - Acute inflammatory diseases of the respiratory tract requiring treatment with hormonal drugs

For 1 inhalation, 0.5 ml (2 mg) of the drug is used, up to 4 times a day.

The course of treatment is not more than 7 days

To prepare an inhalation solution, 3 ml of saline should be added to the recommended dose of the drug.

You can also dilute the ampoules with the drug in saline in a ratio of 1:6 (6 ml of saline per 1 ml of the drug) and inhale 3-4 ml of the resulting solution for 1 inhalation.
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Kromoheksal, active ingredient: cromoglycic acid (solution for inhalation, 20 mg / 2 ml) - It has anti-allergic, anti-inflammatory, anti-asthmatic effects.

For adults and children over 2 years of age, inhale the contents of 1 vial (without dilution with saline) 4 times a day, if possible, at equal time intervals.

5. Antimicrobial and antibacterial drugs (Antibiotics and Antiseptics)

Fluimucil-antibiotic, active ingredient: acetylcysteine ​​and thiamphenicol (powder for injection and inhalation complete with a solvent) - The need for simultaneous administration of an antibiotic and a drug that thins and removes sputum and mucus from the lower and upper respiratory tract.

Now for the treatment of cough, nebulizers are often used, into which special solutions for inhalation are poured.

These devices are absolutely safe, since the fog they produce is not at all hot,

In addition, they are able to break drops medicinal substance into the smallest particles, easily penetrating into any parts of the respiratory tract.

Thanks to this, nebulizers can be used for any respiratory diseases, the main thing is to choose the right medicine.

Types of drugs for inhalation: classification

For the medicines prescribed by the doctor to produce maximum effect, you need to know what to fill in the nebulizer first, second, etc.

Medicines must be administered in the following sequence, and between procedures it is necessary to maintain a break of at least 15 minutes.

Bronchodilators Medications of this group are used to expand the bronchi in case of their obstruction (narrowing), which is typical for bronchial asthma, obstructive bronchitis, laryngitis, etc. They are taken only as directed by a doctor, strictly observing dosing accuracy. These include:

1. Atrovent
2. Salgim
3. Berodual
4. Ventolin
5. Salbutamol
6. Berotek

1. Ambroxol,
2. Flavamed,
3. Fluimucil,
4. Bronchipret,
5. Ambrobene,
6. Lazolvan,
7. Ambrohexal

1. Pulmicort
2. Nasonex
3. Dekasan
4. Rotokan
5. Spirit tincture of eucalyptus
6. Chlorhexidine
7. Furacilin
8. Tonsilgon N

Corticosteroids are pronounced due to which they quickly stop all manifestations of the inflammatory process.

Therefore, they are often prescribed for adenoids, sinusitis and some other ailments.

Antiseptics and antibiotics that directly affect pathogenic microflora, are among the last to be introduced, when all obstacles to their entry into their destination have been removed. Antihistamines (Cromohexal, etc.). They block the binding of histamine (the main mediator of allergy) to the corresponding receptors. Thanks to them, a runny nose, nasal congestion, sneezing and other symptoms are eliminated. allergic reaction. But they are rarely prescribed for coughing (an indication for this is bronchial asthma of allergic origin). Immunomodulators (Derinat, Interferon). These funds. They increase the body's resistance, so they are advised to take from the first days of the development of SARS. Each drug has its own characteristics in how to prepare a solution for inhalation, which determines its dosage. Source: website But almost all of them are taken three times a day, gaining 3-4 ml of the remedy diluted with saline per procedure. But before using any of them, you should consult a doctor.

Solutions for coughing in adults

When coughing, any inhalation solutions listed above can be used. But the choice of what to breathe over depends on the type of disease present.

Therefore, before starting inhalation therapy you should consult a doctor. It is strictly forbidden to arbitrarily start taking antibiotics and corticosteroids (glucocorticoids).

Cough inhalation solutions for children

When treating children, it is necessary to be especially careful about which drugs and solutions can be used.

After all, some of them are intended only for children over 6 or even 12 years old, while others can be given to newborns.

Therefore, for babies under two years old, only a pediatrician should prescribe all medicines.

So, from bronchodilators, which are prescribed for dry not productive cough, typical for whooping cough, stenosis of the larynx and some other pathologies from the neonatal period, Atrovent or Ventolin can be used.

From the age of 4, the use of Salbutamol and Berotek is already allowed, while Berodual is taken from the age of 6.

Of the mucolytics indicated for wet cough, from birth, drugs based on ambroxol, for example, Ambrobene, Flavamed, can be used. Bronchipret is prescribed from 3 months. From 2 years old allowed application of ACC and Fluimucil.

Anti-inflammatory drugs should be administered to a child with caution, especially on plant-based as they can cause an allergic reaction.

If, however, there is a severe inflammatory process, the pediatrician may prescribe the corticosteroid Pulmicort, which is allowed from 6 months.

In this way

It is impossible to say unequivocally which solution is better for coughing. The only one that is suitable for absolutely everyone and at the same time highly safe is saline.

It is needed primarily to eliminate irritation and sore throat, as it effectively moisturizes the mucous membranes.

Nebulizer solutions for bronchitis

With bronchitis, only if it is not accompanied by airway obstruction, you can use the following mucolytics:

Pertussin. it herbal preparation, which includes extracts of thyme and thyme. Children under 12 years of age should be diluted in a ratio of 1:2, older patients - 1:1. Lazolvan (Ambroxol, Ambrobene, Ambrohexal). The active ingredient is ambroxol hydrochloride. For adults take pure solution, his children are bred 2: 2.

Mineral water "Borjomi" or "Narzan". They help to eliminate irritation of the mucous membrane and its swelling. But for a compression inhaler, mineral water must be relieved of gas. Chlorophyllite. The main component is an extract of eucalyptus, which exhibits pronounced antiseptic properties. For each milliliter of medication, take 10 ml of saline. ACC (Fluimucil). The main substance is the mucolytic acetylcysteine. For babies from 2 to 6 years old, 1-2 ml of medicine is poured, 6-12 years old - 2 ml, the rest - 3 ml. Pulmicort. A drug based on budesonide is indicated for serious inflammatory processes. It is bred 1:2. In the presence of obstructive bronchitis, inhalations with bronchodilators are certainly made before the introduction of any other pharmaceuticals, which can be used as Berodual and others.

How to breathe through a nebulizer with a cold?

From the common cold, including those caused by any type of sinusitis, the Sinupret solution helps perfectly. it homeopathic remedy rich in composition and contributes to:

• restoration of the natural mechanisms of protection of the mucous membrane;
• elimination of edema;
• improve the outflow of mucus from the paranasal sinuses.

For the Sinupret procedure, it must first be diluted with saline in the proportion:

• for children from 2 to 6 years old - 1: 3;
• for children from 6 to 16 years old - 1:2;
• for teenagers and adults - 1:1.

The vasoconstrictor Naphthyzinum 0.05% will help get rid of nasal congestion. 5 ml of saline is taken per milliliter of the pharmaceutical preparation.

To combat rhinitis, you can use eucalyptus oil(14 drops are added to 200 g of saline).

Doctors often recommend supplementing therapy with antiviral agents, for example, Derinat or ordinary interferon, which can be used for inhalation even for infants. Derinat is poured into the nebulizer chamber in its pure form, and powdered interferon is diluted with the solvent attached to it.

With sinusitis

During the inflammatory process maxillary sinuses the above remedies for the common cold can be used, but the therapy will necessarily be supplemented with antibiotics, corticosteroids or other drugs prescribed by an otolaryngologist.

With pharyngitis

With an inflammatory process in the throat, you can be treated:

Tonsilgon N. It homeopathic remedy, and the only one that can be used from the throat in children up to a year. The dosage required for infants is achieved by dissolving 1 ml of Tonsilgon N in 3 ml of saline, for babies from 1 to 7 years old, it is enough to take 2 ml of the solvent, and for older patients - 1 ml. Malavit. He is not one of the medicines and is biologically active additive. Its composition includes plant extracts and minerals. For sore throats, it is recommended to combine Malavit with saline in a ratio of 1:30. Eucalyptus tincture. 10-15 drops are injected into 200 ml of saline. For one procedure, 3 ml of the mixture is used. But it cannot be used for bronchial asthma and bronchospasm. Rotokan. Its components are alcohol tinctures of extracts of chamomile, calendula, yarrow. To prepare an inhalation mixture, dilute 1 ml of Rotokan in 40 ml of saline. Alcohol tincture of calendula extract. Prepare a solution of calendula should be the same as Rotokan.

With laryngitis

If the inflammation has affected not only the throat, but also the larynx, the same medications should be used as for pharyngitis. You can also use Fluimucil, especially if the cough is already starting to turn into a wet one.

With angina

Inflammation in the throat, provoked by bacteria, is certainly treated with the use of antiseptics, and in severe cases, antibiotics. First choose:

• Chlorophyllipt;
• Miramistin;
• Dioxidine (dissolved in a ratio of 1:4);
• Furacilin (do not dilute);
• Tonsilgon N.

Antibiotics are used only as prescribed by a doctor.

Saline inhalation: indications

Physiological or isotonic solution sodium chloride 0.9% is ideal for human body. It is purchased at a pharmacy or prepared independently (take a teaspoon of salt without a slide per liter of water). saline solution for inhalation is used for the purpose of:

• moisturizing the mucous membranes, which helps to eliminate irritation in the throat;
• thinning viscous sputum and facilitating its removal;
• providing an anti-inflammatory effect.

All this makes the solution sea ​​salt or the usual cookbook is indispensable for:

• laryngitis, tracheitis;
• sinusitis, rhinitis;
• rhinopharyngitis, pharyngitis, tonsillitis;
• bronchitis;
• bronchial asthma, etc.

For one manipulation, 1 ml is poured into a baby, 2 ml for a baby up to 4 years old, a baby from 4 to 7 years old - 3 ml and 4 ml for an adult. The amount of liquid poured into the chamber of the device determines how many minutes the child breathes. Therefore, a couple of minutes is enough for babies, and preschoolers and schoolchildren will need from 4 to 10 minutes.

Soda solution for inhalation with a nebulizer: from what?

Baking soda is a natural mucolytic and antiseptic. It applies to:

• chronic bronchitis;
• rhinitis, sinusitis;
• hoarseness of voice;
• otitis;
• laryngitis, tonsillitis, tonsillitis.

When used alkaline solutions for inhalation, a viscous secret is liquefied, moisturizing occurs and the pH of the mucosa changes. And, as you know, favorable for most pathogenic microorganisms is acidic environment, therefore, when alkalized, they lose the ability to grow and multiply normally.

Thus, baking soda or calcium bicarbonate is useful for both dry and productive coughs. And since this product has natural origin and is non-allergenic, it can be used for children of any age.

You can pour into the nebulizer chamber finished product buffer soda or made by yourself, especially since there are no difficulties in how to prepare it.

To do this, add a teaspoon of baking soda to a liter of saline, but for the procedure you need only 4 ml of the prepared liquid, which takes an average of 10-15 minutes. For babies, the proportions are the same, but use a smaller volume of the mixture, according to the age of the child.

With sinusitis, rhinitis or sore throat in ready solution add 1-2 drops of iodine. The duration of manipulation in this case should be 5-8 minutes.

Contraindications

It is impossible to conduct inhalation therapy sessions with any medication when:

• elevated body temperature (more than 38 ° C);
• vascular pathologies, in which their excessive fragility is noted;
• pulmonary bleeding;
• diseases of cardio-vascular system, in particular, the transfer of a previous heart attack;
• cerebral atherosclerosis;
• having a history of stroke.

Thus, there are many medicines intended for inhalation treatment. In each situation, you can choose the best medicine, but it is better to consult a doctor who can put correct diagnosis and, accordingly, competently develop a treatment regimen. It is especially important not to neglect a visit to a specialist in case of health problems in children!

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Nebulizers use a variety of solutions that perform specific functions. So let's consider various solutions for nebulizers.

To prepare a solution for nebulizer inhalers, add 3 ml of saline to the recommended dose of the drug.

Fenoterol. Berotek belongs to bronchodilators, as active ingredient fenoterol is used. It is used to stop an attack of bronchial asthma.

Application: for children aged 6 to 12 years (weighing 22 to 36 kg), one inhalation requires 5-10 drops of 0.25-0.5 mg (0.25- 0.5 ml). If the case is severe, then the dosage is increased to 20 drops of 1 mg (1 ml); for children over 12 years of age and adults, one inhalation requires 10 drops of 0.5 mg (0.5 ml). If the case is severe, then the dosage can be increased to 20 drops of 1 mg (1 ml).

For prevention and symptomatic treatment chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and bronchial asthma, the following dosage is used. For children under 6 years of age (weighing less than 22 kg) 5-20 drops of 0.25-1 mg (0.25-1 ml). Inhalations can be done up to 3 times a day. For children over 6 years of age and adults, it is necessary to take 10 drops of 0.5 mg (0.5 ml) per inhalation. Inhalations can be done up to 4 times a day.

Atrovent. For the nebulizer, atrovent is used, in which the active ingredient is ipratropium bromide. It is used to stop asthma attacks, for the prevention and symptomatic treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and bronchial asthma. In terms of the effectiveness of the impact, it is inferior to salbutamol and berotek preparations, but its main advantage is the safety of use.

Application: for children under the age of 6, one inhalation requires 8-20 drops (0.1-0.25 mg). Inhalations can be done under medical supervision 3-4 times a day. For children aged 6 to 12 years, 20 drops (0.25 mg) are required per inhalation. Inhalations can be done 3-4 times a day. For children over 12 years of age and adults, 40 drops (0.5 mg) are required per inhalation. Inhalations can be done 3-4 times a day. Immediately before use, the recommended dose should be diluted with saline to a volume of 3-4 ml. Between inhalations should pass at least 2 hours.

Mucolytics and secretolytics, expectorants - drugs that thin and remove sputum

Fluimucil. Fluimucil, in which acetylcysteine ​​is used as an active ingredient, belongs to drugs that thin and remove sputum. It is used in case of violation of sputum discharge from the lower respiratory tract, in order to facilitate the discharge of mucous secretions in the upper respiratory tract.

Application: for children aged 2 to 6 years, one inhalation requires 1-2 ml of the drug. Inhalations are done 1-2 times a day. For children aged 6 to 12 years, one inhalation requires 2 ml of the drug. Inhalations are done 1-2 times a day. For children over 12 years of age and for adults, 3 ml of the drug is required per inhalation. Inhalations are done 1-2 times a day. Before inhalation, you need to dilute the recommended dose of the drug with saline in a ratio of 1 to 1. The duration of treatment is no more than 10 days.

The simultaneous use of acetylcysteine ​​and antibiotics is not recommended, since they reduce the absorption of the latter. If it is necessary that acetylcysteine ​​and an antibiotic be administered simultaneously, then it is desirable to use a different form of Fluimucil Antibiotic or other mucolytic drugs that can be taken in combination with antibiotics (for example, based on Ambroxol). With the use of drugs acetylcysteine ​​decreases toxic effect paracetamol on the liver.

Ambrobene and Lazolvan. Ambrobene and lazolvan are also used for the nebulizer, in which ambroxol acts as the active ingredient. It is used for acute and chronic diseases respiratory tract when released viscous sputum. For children under the age of 2 years, 1 ml of solution is required per inhalation. Inhalations are done 1-2 times a day. For children aged 2 to 6 years, one inhalation requires 2 ml of solution. Inhalations are done 1-2 times a day. For children over the age of 6 years and for adults, 2-3 ml of solution is needed per inhalation. Inhalations are done 1-2 times a day. To prepare an inhalation solution, the recommended dose of the drug should be diluted with saline in a ratio of 1 to 1. The duration of treatment is no more than 5 days.

The simultaneous use of drugs based on amboxol and antitussive drugs (for example: codeine, libexin, falimint, broncholithin, pectussin, synecode, etc.) is not recommended. Ambroxol preparations promote good absorption of antibiotics.

Sinutpret. Restore protective properties and reduce swelling of the mucous membrane of the respiratory tract in chronic and acute sinusitis you can use sinupret, a homeopathic herbal remedy (it is a drop based on plant extracts: gentian root (gentian), sorrel, primrose, elderberry, verbena). This drug promotes the outflow of exudate from the paranasal sinuses. To prepare an inhalation solution for a nebulizer, you must first dilute the drug in saline in the following ratios: for children aged 2 to 6 years - 1 to 3 (3 ml of saline per 1 ml of the drug), for children aged 6 - up to 16 years old - 1 to 2 (2 ml of saline per 1 ml of the drug), for children over 16 years old - 1 to 1. For one inhalation, 3-4 ml of the solution is used.

Gedelix. For the treatment of diseases of the bronchi and upper respiratory tract with sputum difficult to separate, cough (including dry), gedelix, a herbal remedy (as drops based on ivy extract) is used. To prepare an inhalation solution, the drug is preliminarily diluted in saline in the following ratios: for children under the age of 10 years - 1 to 2 (2 ml of saline per 1 ml of the drug), for children over 10 years old and adults - 1 to 1 For one inhalation, 3-4 ml of solution is used. Inhalations are done 3 times a day.

Mukaltin. As an expectorant in case of diseases of the lungs and respiratory tract, mukaltin, a herbal remedy (in the form of tablets based on marshmallow root extract) is used. To prepare an inhalation solution for a nebulizer, you need to dissolve 1 tablet in 80 ml of saline. The tablet should completely dissolve without sediment. For one inhalation, 3-4 ml of the resulting solution is used. Inhalations are done 3 times a day.

Anti-inflammatory drugs

Rotokan. For the treatment of acute inflammatory diseases the middle and upper respiratory tract uses rotokan, a phytopreparation (it is an alcoholic infusion of plant extracts: chamomile, calendula, yarrow). To prepare a solution for nebulizer inhalers, you need to dilute the drug in saline solution in a ratio of 1 to 40 (40 ml of saline solution 1 ml of the drug). For one inhalation, 4 ml of the resulting solution is used. Inhalations are carried out 3 times a day.

Propolis. For treatment inflammatory processes, pains and injuries of the middle and upper respiratory tract, propolis, a phytopreparation (in the form of tincture), is used. To prepare a solution for inhalation, the drug must be diluted in saline in a ratio of 1 to 20 (for 20 ml of saline, 1 ml of the drug). For one inhalation, 3 ml of the resulting solution is required. Inhalations are carried out 3 times a day. If you are allergic to bee products, then this drug is contraindicated for you.

Eucalyptus. For the treatment of inflammatory diseases of the middle and upper respiratory tract, eucalyptus is used, a herbal remedy (in the form alcohol tincture). To prepare a solution for inhalation, you need to dilute 10-15 drops of the drug in 200 ml of saline solution. For one inhalation, you need to take 3 ml of the resulting solution. Inhalations are done 3-4 times a day. The drug is contraindicated in bronchial asthma, bronchospasm (suffocation).

Calendula. For the treatment of acute inflammatory diseases of the upper respiratory tract, calendula is used, a phytopreparation (in the form alcohol infusion calendula extract). To prepare a solution for inhalation, it is necessary to dilute the drug in saline in a ratio of 1 to 40 (for 40 ml of saline, 1 ml of the drug). For one inhalation you will need 4 ml of solution. Inhalations are recommended to be done 3 times a day.

Glucocorticosteroids and Antihistamines - anti-inflammatory hormonal and antiallergic drugs

Pulmicort. As an anti-inflammatory hormonal and anti-allergic drug, pulmicort is used, in which budesonide acts as an active ingredient. This drug is used to treat acute inflammatory diseases of the lower respiratory tract (bronchial asthma, chronic illness lung) who need treatment with hormonal drugs. It is characterized by anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic action. For children aged 6 months to 12 years, 0.25 mg of solution is required per inhalation. Inhalations are done 1-3 times a day. For children over the age of 12 years and for adults, 1 mg of solution is required per inhalation. Inhalations are done 1-3 times a day. This drug is not used in ultrasonic nebulizers. With a single dose of the drug less than 2 ml, to increase the volume of the solution for inhalation to 2 ml, add saline solution. In other cases, the drug for inhalation in a nebulizer can be used in its pure form. The drug can be prescribed for inhalation from 1 to 3 times a day.

Dexamethasone. For the treatment of acute inflammatory diseases of the respiratory tract, which require the use of hormonal drugs, dexamethasone is used. For one inhalation, 0.5 ml of the drug is needed. Inhalations can be done no more than 4 times a day. The duration of treatment is no more than 7 days. To prepare an inhalation solution, it is necessary to add 3 ml of saline solution to the recommended dose of the drug. Ampoules with the drug can be pre-diluted in saline in a ratio of 1 to 6 (6 ml of saline per 1 ml of the drug) and inhaled using 3-4 ml of the resulting solution.

Antibiotics and Antiseptics - antimicrobial and antibacterial drugs

Nitrofural. As an antimicrobial and antibacterial drugs furatsilin is used, in which the active ingredient is nitrofural. This drug has disinfectant properties, it is used in the treatment of acute respiratory viral infections, to prevent the penetration of infection into deeper sections bronchial tree. To conduct inhalation, a ready-made solution of furatsilin is used. One inhalation requires 4 ml. Inhalations are carried out 2 times a day. The solution can be prepared independently. To do this, dissolve 1 tablet of furacilin in 100 ml of saline. The tablet should completely dissolve without sediment.

Dioxidine. Dioxidine has a disinfecting effect. He has wide range actions. To prepare an inhalation solution, you need to dilute the drug in saline in a ratio of 1 to 4 to get a 1% drug, or in a ratio of 1 to 2 to get a 0.5% drug. For one inhalation, 3-4 ml of the resulting solution is needed. Inhalations are carried out 2 times a day.

Chlorophyllipt. For treatment staph infection respiratory tract, chlorophyllipt, a phytopreparation (in the form of a 1% alcohol infusion based on chlorophyll of eucalyptus leaves) is used. To prepare a solution for inhalation, the drug is diluted with saline in a ratio of 1 to 10 (1 ml of the drug per 10 ml of saline). For one inhalation, 3 ml of the resulting solution is needed. Inhalations are done 3 times a day. Be careful when using this drug as it stains very strongly and cannot be washed off.

Miramistin. For the treatment of respiratory tract infections, including those associated with purulent secretions, Miramistin is used (in the form of a 0.01% solution). It belongs to antiseptics with a wide spectrum of action. Application: for children under the age of 12, the drug should be diluted in saline in a ratio of 1 to 2 (2 ml of saline per 1 ml of the drug). For one inhalation you need 3-4 ml of solution. Inhalations should be done 3 times a day. For children over 12 years of age and adults, a pure Miramistin solution (0.01% solution) is used. For one inhalation you need 4 ml of solution. Inhalations are done 3 times a day.

Immunomodulators

Interferon. For the prevention and treatment of influenza and other acute respiratory viral infections, interferon is used (available in the form of a powder for the preparation of nasal drops). To prepare the drug, you need to open the ampoule, pour into it up to the 2 ml mark distilled or boiled water room temperature and shake gently. For one inhalation it is necessary to use 2 ml of the resulting solution. Inhalations are carried out 2 times a day. To prepare an inhalation solution, you need to add 1 ml of saline to the recommended dose of the drug.

Derinat. For the prevention and treatment of influenza, SARS and other viral infections upper respiratory tract and complications from them, Derinat is used, in which the active ingredient is sodium disoribonucleate. For one inhalation, 2 ml of the drug is used. Inhalations should be carried out 2 times a day. To prepare an inhalation solution, 2 ml of saline should be added to the recommended dose of the drug.

Vasoconstrictor (decongestant) drugs

Naphthyzin. For the treatment of allergic stenosis (edema) of the larynx, stenosis (edema) of the larynx with laryngitis, croup and laryngotracheitis, naphthyzine is used, in which naphazoline acts as the active substance. To prepare an inhalation solution, you need to dilute a 0.05% solution of the drug in saline in a ratio of 1 to 5 (5 ml of saline per 1 ml of the drug). To prepare a 0.1% solution of the drug - 1 to 10 (10 ml of saline per 1 ml of the drug). To relieve swelling, a single inhalation is made using 3 ml of the resulting solution. If necessary, the procedure can be repeated.

Antitussives

Lidocaine. Lidocaine (as a 2% solution of lidocaine hydrochloride) is used to treat an obsessive dry cough. It has a local anesthetic effect.

Application: for children aged 2 to 12 years, 1 ml of the drug should be used per inhalation. Inhalations are done 1-2 times a day. For children over the age of 12 years and for adults, 2 ml of the drug is used per inhalation. Inhalations are done 1-2 times a day. To prepare an inhalation solution, 2 ml of saline should be added to the recommended dose of the drug.

An inhaler is a device used in the treatment of respiratory diseases. There is a wide range of devices on the market with different type devices. Very convenient and compact nebulizers that convert the solution into an aerosol by means of a compressor. Before purchasing, you should carefully study which medicines can be used in a compressor inhaler.

Each device has its own characteristics, so first you should carefully read the instructions for the product. No need to self-medicate - consultation with a specialist is required. All drugs produced for inhalation are used in conjunction with saline, which acts as a humectant, solvent. For each drug there are certain ratios for dilution. We list which solutions are used in various diseases. The list is limited to the most popular types, dosages are prescribed by the attending physician. They may also be prescribed other medications.

Medicines for compressor inhalers (nebulizers)

It is worthwhile to separately familiarize yourself with which drugs for a compressor inhaler are prohibited:

• containing various oils or suspended particles, homemade decoctions, herbal tinctures;
• drugs that do not affect the mucous membrane: diphenhydramine, papaverine and others;
• hormone use systemic action(hydrocortisone, prednisone) by nebulizer is ineffective and therefore not recommended.

For treatment to be effective, certain rules must be followed. Conduct a session 1.5 hours after a meal, then do not talk, do not go out into the cold. In the treatment of the nasopharynx, breathing is carried out through the nose. For the treatment of other organs, inhalation and exhalation are done through the mouth, you can use the mouthpiece. It is impossible to store the finished medicine for more than a day, it must be in the refrigerator and warmed up to room temperature immediately before inhalation with a compressor inhaler.