Acute colitis: what is it, causes and symptoms of the disease. What is acute colitis: causes, signs, treatment and diet, prevention

Inflammatory diseases digestive tract very common in recent times. One of the most serious and severe diseases of this type is acute colitis - inflammation of the mucous membrane of the large intestine. Except local symptoms, the disease is characterized by a deterioration in general well-being, because it is in the intestine that absorption occurs nutrients and synthesis of many vitamins. And with the inflammatory process, all the functions of the rectum are violated. Therefore, it is very important to start treatment as early as possible when the first symptoms of inflammation appear.

general characteristics

The disease is characterized by damage to the intestinal mucosa and its inflammation. Because of this, edema develops, the walls of the intestines thicken, erosions and ulcers can form. In this case, the functionality of the intestine is disturbed. The inflammatory process develops under the influence of various provoking factors. It could be an infection, toxins, food poisoning, or certain medications.

Acute colitis occurs most often in adults at a young and middle age. But the peak incidence also occurs at the age of 60–80 years. Equally often the disease occurs in both women and men.

Colitis in acute form usually does not last long. At timely treatment the main symptoms may subside in a few days. A more severe form of the disease lasts about 2 weeks. Most often, then recovery occurs, but often the development of chronic colitis, which can be recurrent or permanent.

The reasons

Inflammation is usually caused by some adverse factors affecting the mucous membrane. Most often it is an infection that enters the intestines with food or contaminated water. Acute colitis can develop with salmonellosis, dysentery, food poisoning. Staphylococci or streptococci, which have increased their activity due to a violation of the intestinal microflora, can also provoke inflammation.

But there are also other reasons acute colitis. Often, inflammation develops after taking certain medications that adversely affect the intestinal mucosa. First of all, these are antibiotics that destroy beneficial microorganisms. As a result, there is a decrease protective functions mucous, and pathogenic bacteria are starting to multiply. Laxatives, glucocorticosteroids, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs can also provoke inflammation.

Sometimes colitis develops due to circulatory disorders in abdominal cavity. Atherosclerosis of vessels or varicose veins leads to tissue ischemia. The intestinal mucosa suffers most from this, inflammation develops in it. AT severe cases the disease occurs in the form of enterocolitis or gastroenterocolitis, when the inflammation spreads to other departments digestive system.

Varieties of the disease

In addition to the fact that colitis can occur in acute or chronic form, there are other varieties of it. The classification of the disease is based on the causes of the inflammatory process, and also depends on the location of its localization. Determination of the form of colitis is necessary for the appointment proper treatment, since the choice of drugs largely depends on why the inflammation appeared.

To choose the right treatment, it is necessary to correctly determine the type of acute colitis.

When diagnosing, the following types of colitis are often distinguished:

In addition, the manifestations of the disease may differ depending on where the inflammatory process is localized. It can spread throughout the intestines, then they talk about total colitis. There is also a left-sided or right-sided form of the disease. Depending on the characteristics of the course of the inflammatory process and the presence of complications, ulcerative colitis, a variety of which is Crohn's disease, microscopic and pseudomembranous. But microscopic and ulcerative colitis occur most often in a chronic form with frequent exacerbations.

pseudomembranous

This form of acute colitis is caused by clostridia. This microorganism is transmitted household way through furniture, linen, toilets. Therefore, most patients get sick in hospitals. Those who are predisposed to disease long time takes antibiotics that disrupt the intestinal microflora. Especially often the cause of pseudomembranous colitis is the use of Metronidazole, Ampicillin, Clindamycin, fluoroquinolones and cephalosporins.

The disease is characterized by necrosis of cells of the intestinal mucosa. At this point, peculiar films are formed, called pseudomembranes. They disrupt the functioning of the intestines. At easy course disease, the main symptom of inflammation is loose stools, which disappears after antibiotics are stopped.

ulcerative

This form of the disease is chronic. But at the stage of exacerbation, all the symptoms are the same as in acute colitis. In addition, sometimes from the appearance of the first signs of the first six months, the disease also has an acute character.

Nonspecific ulcerative colitis is autoimmune pathology. The reasons for its appearance are still unclear to scientists. A type of the disease is Crohn's disease, which is incurable. It gradually progresses, even with the right treatment. The inflammatory process can cover not only the intestines, but also upper divisions digestive system. Crohn's disease can even occur in children, although it is very rare.

Ischemic

This form of the disease occurs due to a violation of the blood supply to the intestines. Ischemic colitis develops due to vascular pathologies, for example, with atherosclerosis. But it can also be caused by compression of the aorta in the abdominal cavity. Inadequate blood supply to the intestinal walls leads to their ischemia and inflammation. With this form of the disease, there can be not only diarrhea, but also constipation due to stagnation of feces. Often this form of the disease is diagnosed in old age.

How does it manifest

Acute colitis is very painful and unpleasant disease. Discomfort and other signs are difficult to ignore, often they completely disrupt the patient's habitual lifestyle and reduce performance. Therefore, usually patients immediately go to the doctor. In most cases, the diagnosis is made after a conversation with the patient and his examination. After all, the symptoms of pathology are very specific.

The disease usually begins acutely. Appear severe pain in the lower abdomen, most often localized on the left. They appear in the form of spasms or colic, which can be permanent or occur before and during bowel movements. Often there is also a painful urge to defecate.

Acute pain in the lower abdomen is the main symptom of acute colitis.

Second hallmark acute colitis is frequent loose stools. With a mild course of the disease, it can be observed 5-6 times a day, in a more severe form - up to 20 times. Moreover, bowel movements are observed even at night. The stool is at first fetid, liquid, then becomes watery due to a violation of the absorption of water. Often in feces there are impurities of mucus, blood and even pus.

In addition, there are other symptoms of acute intestinal colitis that are less specific and may be seen in other conditions. Therefore, when making a diagnosis, the doctor must take into account all the signs and general state sick.

The following symptoms are often observed:

• nausea, vomiting;
• bloating, flatulence;
• loss of appetite, heaviness in the abdomen, slow digestion;
• weakness, apathy, decreased performance;
• increase in body temperature;
• signs of dehydration of the body: dry skin and mucous membranes, gray coating on the tongue, headaches;
• in a severe form of the disease, joint pain may appear.

Features of treatment

Usually acute colitis has well-defined specific features. The main one is frequent watery stools. But not always when such symptoms appear, patients go to the doctor, taking diarrhea for ordinary poisoning. It happens that the doctor immediately makes the wrong diagnosis.

Important: to choose adequate treatment pathology is very important to conduct an examination.

Ultrasound, colonoscopy, radiography, endoscopy are usually prescribed. Sometimes a mucosal biopsy is also required. The patient is also taken blood, urine and feces. After such comprehensive examination the doctor can accurately determine the type of disease and choose the appropriate treatment.

All therapeutic methods in acute form of colitis or exacerbation of chronic should be aimed not only at reducing symptoms. It is also necessary to eliminate the causes of inflammation, prevent complications and improve the general condition of the patient. Therefore, therapy must be comprehensive. Most often used conservative methods treatment. Only in the most severe cases can surgery be prescribed. It is required in about 20% of patients, for example, in the presence of intestinal bleeding, Crohn's disease, purulent inflammation, or suspected cancer.

Acute colitis is treated with medications. They are prescribed individually, depending on the causes and severity of the inflammation. But sometimes the disease occurs against the background of taking medications in the treatment of other pathologies. In this case, therapy begins with the abolition of all drugs.

In addition to taking medications, it is very important for patients to follow a diet, since nutrition often causes an increase in the inflammatory process. Additionally, after consultation with your doctor, you can use folk recipes. Basically, these are decoctions of medicinal herbs taken orally or as an enema. They can alleviate the patient's condition and speed up recovery.

Medical therapy

The choice of drugs for the treatment of colitis depends on individual features sick. If the inflammation is caused by an infection, antibiotics or antimicrobials. In parallel with antibiotic therapy, it is necessary to prescribe probiotics to normalize intestinal microflora. The most commonly used are Bactisubtil, Enteroseptol, Lineks, Bifiform. In addition to them, the use of sorbents is effective. It can be Smecta, Polyphepan, Enterosgel, Activated carbon.

Total ulcerative colitis is treated with Mesalazine. It is used in the form of tablets, injections, and also rectal suppositories. Similar action also has Sulfasalazine, but it is worse tolerated by patients.

At acute pain, which most often manifest as colic, antispasmodics are prescribed. It can be Platifillin, Duspatalin, Atropine, Papaverine. It is not recommended to use NSAIDs for pain relief or narcotic analgesics. For persistent vomiting, metoclopramide or chlorpromazine may be used. Loperamide or cholestyramine is prescribed to reduce diarrhea. Preparations containing bismuth subsalicylate are also effective.

The most common treatment for acute colitis is a complex drug therapy.

With severe fluid loss, which is often due to prolonged diarrhea prescribe dehydration procedures. For this, they can be used ready solutions, normalizing the water-salt balance. In severe cases, treatment is carried out in a hospital, where the patient is given a dropper with saline or glucose. He may also be given sodium benzoate or Cordiamin.

Food

Acute colitis requires a special diet. It is selected individually depending on the cause and severity of the disease. But there is also general principles dietary requirements for all patients. Usually, table number 4 is assigned for colitis.

First of all, the first few days after the onset of the inflammatory process, it is recommended to starve. You can only drink tea lemon drink or a rosehip decoction. Only after 2-3 days, depending on the condition of the patient, you can gradually include porridge in the diet, vegetable soups, lean meat and crackers. After the inflammation decreases and the symptoms subside, the patient's diet can become more varied.

It is allowed to use porridge on the water, dried White bread, lean cottage cheese, vegetables, lean meat. Kissels from berries, rosehip decoctions, cocoa on the water are useful. All food should be well cooked and chopped. It is forbidden to fry it, you must also limit the use of salt and sugar.

Within 2-3 weeks with acute colitis and - forever - with a chronic form, it is imperative to exclude such foods from the diet:

• alcoholic and carbonated drinks;
• coffee, strong tea;
• fruit juices;
• fatty meat, offal;
• fried food;
• spicy seasonings and vegetables, such as radish, radish, horseradish, onion, garlic;
• whole milk;
• eggs.

Prevention

Acute colitis is a very painful pathology that causes severe discomfort to the patient. Therefore, it is desirable to prevent the development of the inflammatory process. For this, certain preventive measures:

• monitor the balance of nutrition;
• do not eat junk food, expired or of poor quality;
• subject fish and meat to serious heat treatment;
• do not drink raw water;
• observe the rules of personal hygiene, especially when processing food;
• chew all food thoroughly;
• consult a doctor on time and undergo regular examinations;
• lead active image life.

conclusions

Acute colitis is a fairly common severe inflammatory disease. It not only causes severe suffering to the patient, but also disrupts the activity of the entire digestive system. Only with timely therapy in most cases the prognosis of recovery is favorable. If the patient follows all the doctor's recommendations and diet, inflammation can be dealt with in a couple of weeks.

Acute colitis is a common disease, often associated with acute inflammation of the small intestine mucosa ( acute enterocolitis), and in some cases the stomach (gastroenterocolitis).

The causative agents of acute colitis are salmonella, shigella.

Rarely, other bacterial pathogenic flora, viruses, etc. The cause of colitis can be gross errors in nutrition, as well as non-bacterial food poisoning. Less likely reasons are: food allergy, some common infections, toxic substances. The occurrence of an inflammatory process in the colon occurs due to the impact of damaging factors locally on the intestinal mucosa, which are contained in the intestine, or (bacteria, toxins, etc.) enter the hematogenous route and, when excreted by the mucous membrane (excretory function of the intestine), have their effect.

Symptoms of acute colitis

The first symptoms of colitis are sharp pain spastic or pulling character, loss of appetite, rumbling in the abdomen, general malaise, diarrhea.

A liquid stool appears with an admixture of mucus. In severe cases, the stools are watery, sometimes containing blood, and much mucus; the number of urges to defecate reaches 15-20 times a day; there may be an imperative urge to defecate, painful spasms and tenesmus appear. Body temperature exceeds 38 "C. General intoxication can be expressed severe symptoms in especially severe cases. At the same time, dryness of the tongue, lined with gray bloom; abdomen swollen and drawn in severe diarrhea. On palpation, rumbling in some parts of the colon and pain are noted.

Determination of hyperemia produced by sigmoidoscopy. During the examination, edema of the colon mucosa will be determined distal departments, also find a large amount of mucus on the walls of the intestine, and in more severe forms - pus; there may be ulceration, erosion, and hemorrhage. A blood test indicates an increase in ESR, moderate leukocytosis with a stab shift. The patient recovers quickly in mild cases, but in severe cases, the disease can become protracted. Complications: peritonitis, liver abscesses, sepsis, pyelitis.

Treatment of acute colitis

Patients with acute colitis are subject to hospitalization (if an infectious nature of the disease is suspected - to the infectious diseases departments of hospitals).

Nutrition for acute colitis

Diet at the first symptoms of the disease: the first day only plentiful drink(semi-sweet or unsweetened tea), a maximum of white crackers can be added.

Compound daily ration: proteins - 100 g, fats - 70 g, carbohydrates - 250 g, table salt 8-10 g.

Limit the use of foods that irritate the gastrointestinal mucosa, stimulate the secretion of the digestive glands, increase the processes of fermentation and putrefaction in the intestines, and irritate the liver.

• Meat and fish are low-fat and steamed or boiled in water, the meat is used pureed.
• Boil soups on fat-free broths (fish, meat).
• Rice, buckwheat, oatmeal, semolina porridge on the water.
• White crackers
• Low-fat freshly prepared cottage cheese, cottage cheese soufflé.
• Kissels and jelly made from ripe pears, bird cherry, blueberries are very useful. You can - rosehip broth, tea, cocoa on the water, black coffee.
• Limit eggs. Sugar - no more than 40 g per day.

Exclude from the diet:

• Whole milk and lactic acid products, dairy dishes.
• Compotes and jams.
• Fried dishes, smoked, sour, spicy, spicy dishes, appetizers, pickles and marinades.
• Raw vegetables, berries and fruits.

Thus, food should be steamed or boiled in water, taken pureed in small portions 4-5 times a day.

Useful video - acute pancreatitis

Description:

Spicy - acute inflammation large intestine, most often arising as a result of dysinteria.

Symptoms:

Acute colitis is most often combined with gastritis and enteritis. The clinical picture depends on the etiology and localization of the process. Common features are: acute onset with diarrhea, fever, colicky pains localized in different parts of the colon. The most intense pains in the form of colic and pain along the colon, as well as (false urges) are observed when the process is localized in the left part of the colon. The chair is frequent, up to 20 or more times a day; at first it has a fecal fetid character, later mucus is released with an admixture of pus, scraps of the mucous membrane. The temperature reaches 38-39°, the tongue is dry and coated, there is no appetite, patients complain of headaches.

Acute colitis proceeds somewhat differently with its predominant localization in the right half of the colon. The disease begins less acutely, the pain is not so intense and is given to the lower back, to the right thigh. Stools no more than 10 times a day and without tenesmus, stools are liquid and fetid, but without visible mucus, blood, pus, since they are digested in the right side of the abdomen. The temperature is predominantly subfebrile, but there is sharp organism (general weakness, headache). There is neutrophilic and accelerated erythrocyte sedimentation (ROE). The abdomen is swollen, palpation of the colon is painful. With the defeat of the caecum in the right iliac region, a painful cord is palpated. A similar cord is palpable in the left iliac region with left-sided colitis.

Acute colitis lasts from several days to 2 weeks and ends with recovery or passes into chronic condition with a tendency to relapse. They can give a variety of complications - narrowing of the lumen sigmoid colon, purulent, gangrenous inflammation with perforation of the intestine, etc.

Causes of occurrence:

Acute colitis most often occurs as a consequence, less often, etc. Acute colitis as comorbidity occurs when eating food contaminated with salmonella, staphylococci, streptococci, bacteria of the Proteus group, Escherichia and paraintestinal coli, with typhoid, paratyphoid, influenza and septic conditions. Sometimes acute colitis develops after eating a rich, poorly cooked and irritating, mainly carbohydrate, food, as well as after taking a number of medicinal substances, in relation to which it is noted hypersensitivity organism. Colitis is also of a toxic nature in case of poisoning with mercury, arsenic, benzene, when toxic substances are released into the lumen of the colon.

Treatment:

For treatment appoint:

Treatment should be etiological. However, regardless of etiology, the following are necessary: ​​a) strict bed rest, and with dysentery, isolation of the patient; b) on the stomach - heating pads and warming compresses; c) the appointment of a complete mechanically and chemically sparing diet and drug therapy.

In the first days of the disease, the patient is given only warm tea without sugar, from the 3rd day mucous decoctions are added. After the diarrhea subsides, broth, vegetable, flour and meat mashed dishes, soups are added to the mucous decoctions. meat broth, fish broths, carrot, fruit juices. Whole fresh milk, black bread, muffins, sausages, legumes, spices, canned food, snacks, raw vegetables and fruits should be excluded from food. The diet should contain 120-150 g of protein, 60-70 g of fat and 300-400 g of carbohydrates, table salt 10 g and vitamins of groups B, C, A. Of the medications, a laxative is prescribed once. In severe cases, it is recommended to use it fractionally for 1-2 days in the form of a 2% solution. magnesium sulfate or sodium in the amount of 1 liter per day. Mandatory appointment sulfa drugs- disulfan, sulgin, ftalazol, slowly absorbed from the intestine, 1 g 5-6 times a day for 5-7 days. The use of sulfa drugs is combined with the appointment of antibiotics a wide range actions - chloramphenicol (synthomycin) 0.5 g 3 times a day orally, streptomycin, biomycin, and tetracycline.

With strong tenesmus, suppositories with belladonna or antipyrine microclysters are prescribed (0.5 g per 10 ml of water after a cleansing enema). In case of dehydration of the body, intravenously or subcutaneously administered saline, 5% glucose solution in an amount of 500 ml. With a fall in cardiac activity, caffeine, cardiasol, cordiamine, etc. are prescribed subcutaneously. In amoebic colitis (amebiasis), emetine sulfate is prescribed at a dose of 0.05 g subcutaneously 2-3 times a day for 5-6 days, and after a five-day break, this treatment repeated 2-3 times.

Colitis is an inflammation or dystrophic-inflammatory lesion of the colon, leading to atrophy of the mucous membrane and dysfunction of organs. Pathological processes covering inner surface intestines, localized in all departments (pancolitis) or in some areas (segmental colitis).

In colitis (inflammation of the bowel), symptoms are characterized by blood, mucus in the stool, abdominal pain, nausea, and false calls to defecation. In most cases, its chronic form develops, as well as non-specific ulcerative colitis of the intestine of unclear etiology, while the intestinal mucosa becomes prone to ulceration.

Causes

Why does intestinal colitis develop, and what is it? Acute colitis in adults often occurs simultaneously with inflammation. small intestines and stomach. The most common causative agents of acute colitis are pathogens.

Chronic colitis can develop in the presence of foci of infection in gallbladder, pancreas and other organs anatomically associated with the intestines, as well as with long-term monotonous nutrition, systematic eating in in large numbers indigestible food, abuse spicy food, alcohol.

Risk factorsthat lead to the development of intestinal colitis in adults:

1. Infection (dysentery, salmonellosis, chronic infections, amoebiasis, ).
2. Medicines ( long-term use antibiotics, laxatives, drugs in the form of suppositories, frequent enemas).
3. Food or chemical poisoning. Penetration into the blood of components that kill beneficial intestinal microflora.
4. Stress, disruption of the daily routine.
5. The action of toxic substances (salt heavy metals, mercury, lead, arsenic, etc.).
6. Circulatory disorders. It is also a fundamental reason for the development of manifestations of colitis, because as a result of a lack of blood, the body is often unable to overcome the irritant on its own and get rid of harmful components.
7. Alimentary factor (eating rough, insufficiently thermally processed food, irregular and malnutrition, dry food, insufficient intake dietary fiber, frequent use spicy, salty, smoked, fatty foods, alcohol).

The aggravation of colitis is most often caused by: food products, irritating the colon or causing allergic reactions (marinades, canned food, citrus fruits, cabbage, cucumbers, etc.), overwork, emotional overload, overheating, taking large doses of antibacterial drugs.

Classification

According to the etiology, colitis is distinguished:

1. Ulcerative - a disease with unclear etiology, in the development mechanism of which heredity, autoimmune mechanisms and infection play a role.
2. infectious - caused pathogenic microflora, which can be specific (for example, dysentery colitis), banal (streptococci, staphylococci) and opportunistic (for example, Escherichia coli);
3. Ischemic - with occlusive lesions of the branches abdominal aorta(for example, with atherosclerosis), blood supply to the large intestine;
4. Toxic or medicinal in case of poisoning with certain poisons or medicines(for example, );
5. Radiation in chronic radiation sickness.

Spastic colitis of the intestine

Often spastic colitis bowel provoked in an unhealthy way life, as well as mistakes made in nutrition. Doctors such an ailment in many cases is called irritable bowel syndrome, during which there is inflammation chronic type in the colonic mucosa.

The disease can develop after drinking coffee, soda, alcohol, poor quality food, as well as after suffering gastroenteritis.

ulcerative colitis of the intestine

Ulcerative colitis of the intestine is characterized by a hemorrhagic-purulent inflammatory process of the colon with the development of systemic, local complications. Exact reasons and the origin of the disease is still unknown.

There are suggestions that the disease may be caused unbalanced diet, unidentified infection, medicines, genetic mutations, shifts in the intestinal flora and stress.

Symptoms of colitis in adults

In case of bowel colitis, the symptoms will depend on the type of disease that is present, but in general, colitis in adults is most often associated with abdominal pain and diarrhea. Other signs of colitis that may or may not be present.

Symptoms of colitis may include:

1. Persistent or recurrent abdominal pain and.
2. Chills.
3. Diarrhea.
4. Fever.
5. Constant urge to defecate.
6. . Diarrhea can sometimes cause diarrhea, which can bleed. However, blood during bowel movements is not normal.
7. Dehydration. Symptoms of dehydration include dizziness, weakness, decreased urination, dry mouth, eyes, and skin.

In some patients local manifestations accompanied by weakness, nausea and vomiting; increased fatigue, weight loss. Symptoms persist for several weeks, disappear with treatment. The transition of the disease to chronic is accompanied by the involvement of ligaments and muscles in the process. In this case, the capillaries expand, ulcers and abscesses form. Patients are concerned about:

• pain;
• constipation or diarrhea;
• tenesmus; flatulence;
• pungent odor of feces.

Patients feel satisfactorily, they are worried about malaise, decreased efficiency, lack of appetite, a feeling of bitterness in the mouth, belching and nausea.

Diagnostics

The diagnosis of colitis begins with a careful history taking. Since the symptoms are usually abdominal pain and diarrhea, it is important to learn about the onset and duration of these pains and any other complaints or symptoms the patient may have. Since most causes of diarrhea are relatively benign and self-limiting, questions may be asked to look for the causes listed above.

Instrumental diagnostic manipulations include:

1. Colonoscopy and sigmoidoscopy. With the help of such studies, it is possible to detect catarrhal or atrophic changes on the intestinal mucosa.
2. Coprology. This stool test can be used to assess the condition metabolic processes and digestive system. In the chronic form of colitis, there is a lot of mucus in the feces. results microscopic examination show the presence of leukocytes and erythrocytes.
3. Radiography or irrigography. These studies allow assessing the state of the intestinal mucosa, the localization of the inflammatory process. They also allow you to define .

Colitis by symptoms and clinical picture are very similar to malignant neoplasms of the large intestine, so a biopsy of suspicious areas of the intestine should be performed in order to determine or exclude the oncological nature of the changes.

How to treat colitis in adults

In case of exacerbation of chronic or acute colitis, treatment should be carried out in a hospital in the proctology department, if the infectious nature of colitis is found out, then in specialized departments of infectious diseases hospitals.

When symptoms of intestinal colitis appear, treatment in adults is carried out in a complex manner, prescribing remedies that eliminate the cause of the disease and eliminate its consequences. For all types of colitis, regardless of its cause, diet 4 (a, b, c) according to Pevzner, intestinal adsorbents, drugs that regulate stool (laxatives (Guttalax) or antidiarrheal (Loperamide)), stimulate regeneration (Methyluracil, etc.), restore microflora (prebiotics and), desensitizing and detoxifying treatment, vitamins and immunomodulators, mineral water and LFC.

Folk remedies

Colitis treatment folk remedies also occurs depending on the type of disease. The most common herbal treatment, which is based on the intake of infusions of chamomile, centaury and sage. One teaspoon of each herb should be brewed in 200 ml of boiling water. It is necessary to take a tablespoon with an interval of two hours.

About a month after the start of taking the infusion, you can either reduce the dose or increase the interval between doses. What are herbs good for colitis? This infusion can be taken for a long time if you are concerned about intestinal colitis, the treatment of which, as a rule, is quite long.

Chronic intestinal colitis: symptoms and treatment

For chronic form colitis is characterized by a sluggish course, with occasional exacerbations. Pathological changes mucosa, occurring in the large intestine with this form of the disease, are the result of a long-term inflammatory process. Inflammation affects not only the mucous membrane, but also the ligamentous-muscular apparatus, there is a shortening and narrowing of the intestine at the site of the lesion.

Common symptoms of chronic colitis can divided into types depending on morphological changes:

1. catarrhal;
2. ulcerative;
3. erosive;
4. atrophic;
5. Mixed.

All of these species have general clinical signs:

1. false urges;
2. Rumbling in the stomach;
3. constipation, diarrhea;
4. Pain in the abdomen after eating;
5. flatulence (bloating);
6. Psycho-emotional discomfort;
7. Bitterness in the mouth;
8. Vomiting, nausea.

These symptoms are formed in all nosological forms of the disease, but their severity and combination is individual.

Chronic colitis is one of the few diseases whose treatment is based not on medicines, but on nutrition and diets. Antibacterial drugs and symptomatic remedies for the treatment of chronic colitis is used only during the period of exacerbation, under the strict supervision of a physician. And everything else is in your hands.

• During the period of exacerbation for 2-5 days, diet No. 4a is prescribed for the treatment of chronic colitis.
• Then they switch to the main diet for chronic colitis No. 4b.
• Outside of exacerbation, that is, during remission, a diet N 4c is recommended.

Approximate one day menu diet for chronic colitis No. 4b, recommended by the Institute of Nutrition of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences:

All day:

• White bread - 400 g.
• Sugar - 50 g (part of it can be replaced with jam, sweets).

Breakfast (7 hours 30 minutes):

• Rice porridge on water (300 g) with the addition of 1/3 milk with butter (5 g).
• A glass of tea.

Lunch (12 - 13 hours):

• A bowl of soup in meat broth with vermicelli.
• Steam meat cutlets (150 g) with carrot puree (150 g).
• A glass of apple jelly.

Dinner (17 - 18 hours):

• Boiled fish (85 g).
• Mashed potatoes (150 g).
• Nasty bun, Russian cheese (25 g).
• A glass of tea.

For the night (20 hours):

• A glass of non-acidic kefir with white bread or a glass of tea with dry cookies (“School”, biscuits, dried biscuit).

In order to overcome harmful bacteria antibiotics should be prescribed, and in the presence of dysbacteriosis, preparations that contain bacteria necessary for the microflora. At the same time, it is worth noting that chronic colitis often accompanied by spasms. That is why, during the period of treatment, antispasmodics are prescribed by a specialist. But in case of violation of the stool, the use of adsorbing drugs is necessary.

Enough frequent method treatment this disease can be considered the use of physiotherapy procedures. If, for example, an intestinal disorder arose due to nervous breakdown or severe overexertion, then a specialist may prescribe additional psychotherapeutic treatment.

Treatment of ulcerative colitis

Ulcerative colitis is more difficult to treat. Need more intensive therapy, and therefore longer and more expensive. Drugs for the treatment of this type of pathology are not only expensive, but also have a mass side effects Therefore, they are used strictly according to the prescription of a specialist.

They are produced in the form of rectal suppositories, enemas, in tablet form (Salofalk, Pentasa, Mezavant, Mesakol). In some cases, they resort to the use of biological therapy drugs, such as Humir (Adalimumab), Remicade (Infliximab).
In the most severe cases, the use of corticosteroid drugs (Prednisolone, Methylprednisolone, Hydrocortisone) is acceptable. The drugs are available in the form of rectal droppers, suppositories, tablets.