What is mixed gastritis and how is it treated? What is mixed superficial and atrophic gastritis and how to treat it

Mixed gastritis- is a rather difficult combination of various. It can be a mixture of hypertrophic, hemorrhagic and superficial.

As a key factor in the occurrence of this pathology, one can name infection special bacteria.

• Helicobacter pylori bacteria can cause a large number of various diseases stomach.
• Infection can take place in different ways.
• You can simply come into contact with the carrier and become infected.

Let's try to understand in more detail what a mixed gastritis is.

There are several types of such a disease, each of which has its own specific features and characteristics.

• Surface- is very common today. The onset of the disease is characterized by inflammatory processes that usually occur in the epithelium of the stomach, that is, the surface layer this body. In this case, the lesion can spread to the gastric glands. In this case, they start to work a little incorrectly. Usually such gastritis passes into some other form.
• atrophic- is a common form of the disease. It comes from progress in development. atrophic changes inside the stomach, that is, a decrease in the number of glands. Against the background of such a problem, more serious illness. There are many reasons for the appearance of such gastritis, among which the Helicobacter bacteria can be called the main one.
• Chronic- can develop in a person if timely measures for treatment are not carried out. It is a long form inflammatory disease when inside the body is present this problem for a long time. Inflammatory processes systematically progress, and the gastric glands cannot fully perform their immediate functions.

Causes

There are several different causes of the disease. This may depend on its course and features of treatment.

There are several key reasons:

• Helicobacter pylori. The most common cause of occurrence this disease considered to be the bacterium Helicobacter pylori. The route of infection is contact-household or fecal-oral. On the primary stage usually there is inflammation of the surface layer of the gastric mucosa. Over time, the disease may progress to chronic form. A complication can cause problems. Therefore, it is necessary to try to limit the likelihood of infection. The bacterium can affect the mucosa in a selective way. Damage can be superficial or deeper.
• Chemical substances. Also, gastritis may begin to develop due to exposure to certain chemical substances, among which, for example, alkalis, acids, alcohols and others can be distinguished. Problems can arise from alcohol abuse. Other substances, such as vinegar, can also adversely affect body tissues.
• Medicines. The use of some medical preparations can also act as a provoking factor for the onset of the disease. Problems may arise due to the effect of drugs on the gastric mucosa, as well as due to violations that will be at the level of molecular defense mechanisms. Mixed gastritis can occur when using such drugs, even in the form of an ointment or injection.

Not the last role in this case is also played by the diet. Causes that can contribute to the occurrence of problems include the following:

1. Thermal damage to the mucosa - due to too hot or cold food.
2. Chemical impact.
3. Mechanical damage - due to too hasty consumption, poor quality chewing, etc.

Symptoms

Helps to detect disease at an early stage following list symptoms mixed gastritis:

• Discomfort in the upper abdomen.
• Nausea, followed by vomiting.
• Significant reduction in appetite.
• Periodic belching of food or air.
• Unpleasant sensation of bloating.
• Increasing weakness.
• The occurrence of dizziness.
• An unpleasant taste in the mouth that may come on suddenly.
• Profuse salivation.

Some symptoms may disappear if the provoking factors are eliminated - refuse to take medicines, alcohol, restoration of an adequate diet.

Treatment

Therapeutic treatment can be started only after it is possible to identify the factors and features of mixed gastritis. If an exacerbation appears due to overeating or drugs, you just need to eliminate all such factors.

There are several main methods of treatment:

• Diet.
• Treatment with folk remedies.
• Drug therapy with the help of special medicines.

Preparations

When can be used:

• Enzyme preparations are used to control the level of formation of enzymes in the stomach - festal, mexase, pancreatin and others.
• Antacids can weaken the action of an aggressive factor, that is, gastric acid (phosphalugel, toplkan, maalox, Rennie, Tams)
• Antispasmodics allow you to overcome pain (no-shpa, papaverine, nitroglycerin)
• Anti-inflammatory drugs make it possible to effectively deal with inflammatory processes (piroxicam, ibuprofen, diclofenac).

Folk remedies

Usually based on phototherapy. You can use the following herbs:

• St. John's wort- normalizes the secretion of enzymes,
• Plantain renders beneficial effect on the condition of the stomach
• Celandine is an effective anti-inflammatory agent,
• Potato juice makes it possible to normalize the condition of the mucosa.
• In the absence of appetite, you can take tea mushroom.
• Calendula oil has a disinfectant and anti-inflammatory effect.

For example, you can take a couple of tablespoons of potato juice for ten days an hour before meals. You can drink a couple of glasses of tincture of chamomile, St. John's wort and celandine.

Diet

The key task of the diet is to reduce the level of activity gastric juice.

We must adhere to several basic principles:

• On an empty stomach, you can drink a glass of warm water.
• You need to eat in small portions.
• It is necessary to remove rough and fatty foods from the diet.
• Better to consume vegetable fats instead of animals.

Foods that should not be eaten:

• Legumes.
• Coffee.
• Grape juice.
• Sausages and smoked meats.
• Alcohol.
• Fatty foods, spices.

Foods you can eat:

• Low-fat cottage cheese.
• Fat-free meat.
• Special diet foods.
• Light soups.

Food

It is necessary to try several times, but in fractional portions.

• Under no circumstances should you overeat.
• You can eat low-fat foods throughout the day, some fresh vegetables and fruits, cereals.
• You can not season them and salt.
• Particular attention should be paid to the presence of proteins.

Menu for the day

• First breakfast- buckwheat.
• For second breakfast- soft-boiled egg, mineral water but not carbonated.
• Dinner- rice soup with croutons, compote.
• afternoon tea- tea without sugar with crackers.
• Dinner- chicken cutlets, steamed with vegetables, bread and weak tea.

Doctors

If symptoms of the disease occur, then you should try to contact a professional gastroenterologist as soon as possible. You also need to enlist the support of a nutritionist who will help you make an adequate diet, which plays a very important role. important role in the treatment of mixed gastritis.

What is mixed gastritis? It is easy to guess that it is formed as a result of the simultaneous development of several forms of gastritis. As a rule, in such cases, a hemorrhagic form of the disease is found in one patient.

Causes and mechanism of development

As in any other case, mixed gastritis almost always develops as a result of infection of the gastric mucosa by Helicobacter pilory. Affecting the walls of the stomach, provokes the occurrence surface form gastritis, but since its accompanying symptoms are mild, the disease progresses, and the activity of microorganisms increases. As a result, small erosions begin to appear on the mucous membranes - gastritis becomes erosive. The situation is often exacerbated by the patient's bad habits, keeping them wrong image life and inattention to one's own health (or laziness). Therefore, most often gastritis acquires a protracted chronic character.

Tip: when any discomfort in the stomach area or frequent heartburn, you should consult a doctor. This measure in most cases can save a person from acquiring an unnecessary unpleasant chronic disease.

After the formation of small erosions in some parts of the walls of the stomach, they blood vessels begin to gradually weaken and become more brittle. The result of this is the occurrence of foci of bleeding, the number of which depends on the lifestyle of the patient and the activity of pathogenic microorganisms.

On the final stages mixed gastritis, there is a significant change in the structure of the walls of the stomach, the formation in them, adenomas, and peculiar warts, which, although they are benign neoplasms, serve serious reason for worry.

Symptoms

It is easy to guess that mixed gastritis can manifest itself in different ways, depending on which forms the patient has developed. The most common symptoms of mixed gastritis are as follows:

• discomfort and pain in epigastric region(between costal arches);
• the appearance of a feeling of "sucking in the stomach";
• frequent occurrence of a feeling of fullness in the stomach;
• a sharp deterioration in appetite;
• belching or heartburn;
• bloating;
• the appearance of pain that radiates to the back or left hypochondrium;
• nausea, which can end in vomiting, and blood impurities can sometimes be found in the vomit. In general, nausea is a frequent and very unpleasant companion of inflammation of the gastric mucosa. different types. You will find out the answer by reading the article of the same name.

Features of treatment

Of course, the appointment of any treatment should always be preceded by a full diagnosis. Therefore, the treatment of mixed gastritis also begins only after setting accurate diagnosis and determining which specific forms of the disease have developed. It sounds quite simple, but in fact, it can be very difficult to accurately determine the types of existing pathologies. For example, the simultaneous presence of erosive, hemorrhagic, superficial and hypertrophic forms does not give a clear picture of the disease. The only reliable way to find out the true state of affairs is fibrogastroduodenoscopy or.

After an accurate diagnosis of the disease, patients are prescribed treatment aimed at eliminating all, without exception, the factors that provoked the development of the disease. Main therapeutic activities with mixed gastritis, antibiotic therapy is usually also, although it is not carried out in those rare cases when the cause of the disease is not an infectious lesion.

Attention! AT severe cases treatment of gastritis is carried out in a hospital.

Diet

The primary role in the treatment of any diseases of the gastrointestinal tract belongs to the diet, since only complete failure from foods that irritate damaged stomach walls will give them a chance to recover. The meals include:

• alcohol;
• fatty;
• smoked meats;
• Rye bread;
• muffin;
• legumes;
• barley and millet porridge;
• fatty sour cream and spicy or salty cheeses;
• spices;
• all kinds of sauces;
• pepper;
• chocolate;
• coffee;
• confectionery.

Important: all food for patients with gastritis should be steamed, boiled or baked, and frying should be completely abandoned. Also Special attention is given to the temperature of food, since it is strictly forbidden to eat hot or cold.

At the same time, food should be rich in protein and vitamins, so the menu of patients should mainly consist of:

• white meat chicken or rabbit;
• low-fat varieties of fish;
• buckwheat and oatmeal;
• , cottage cheese;
• soft-boiled eggs;
• , zucchini, beets, carrots;
• , wild rose, raspberries, strawberries.

Patients with mixed gastritis will have to carefully monitor their diet for a long time.

Attention! To avoid overloading the stomach, everyone is advised to eat small meals, but at least 5 times a day.

Medical therapy

In 95% of cases, patients are shown powerful antibiotic therapy, the purpose of which is the complete destruction pathogenic microflora stomach, in particular Helicobacterpilory.

Attention! Usually the fight against bacteria is carried out with the help of two or more various antibiotics. Compliance with this rule is important condition recovery, since Helicobacterpilory has a high ability to develop resistance (lack of sensitivity) to most modern drugs. Therefore, it is very important not to interrupt the course of treatment and follow all medical recommendations.

In addition to antibiotics, patients are shown taking:

• antiprotozoal agents;
• drugs that normalize the secretory function of the stomach;
• gastric juice substitutes;
• agents with astringent and enveloping action;
• drugs that accelerate the healing of erosions.

Important: any medicines can only be prescribed by a doctor, since only he can choose the drugs different groups so that they do not level each other's action and correspond to the level of acidity of the patient's gastric juice.

Thus, mixed gastritis is complex disease stomach, usually developing as a result of patient negligence. Nevertheless, with a competent approach to treatment, it can be dealt with, and diet and healthy lifestyle life will help to avoid relapses.

Judging by the name, mixed gastritis is a disease that combines several forms at once. And the problem for doctors in such a situation is to identify the disease and prescribe the appropriate treatment. As practice shows, in patients with a similar diagnosis, erosive, hemorrhagic, superficial and hypertrophic forms of gastritis are detected.

Etiology of pathology

If we talk about the cause of this disease digestive system, then it is the infection of the patient's body with a bacterium called Heliobacter pylori. In this case, the infection of the patient can occur by the fecal-oral or contact-household method. With gastritis of the stomach of a mixed type First stage disease is characterized by the development of an inflammatory process in the mucosa of the organ. If the pathology is not detected in time and has not been carried out necessary treatment, the disease becomes chronic.

When the transition of the superficial form of the disease to the erosive one takes place, areas of damage are already visible on the walls of the organ. In this case, the level of acidity of gastric juice does not play any role. This form The disease is characterized by a protracted chronic character.

With gastritis of the stomach, or rather with its mixed type, the next form of complication of the patient's condition is the development of a hemorrhagic type of disease. On the this stage the development of pathology, the blood vessels on the walls of the organ become less durable and, as a result, more brittle. This leads to the formation of punctate erosions and small foci of bleeding appear.

With the development of the latter hypertrophic form mixed gastritis, the glands become thickened, as a result of which the state of the walls of the stomach changes, adenomas and cysts appear.

Reveal pathological condition still on early stages development will allow the following symptoms:

• abdominal discomfort;
• the occurrence of nausea, after which vomiting begins;
• a significant decrease in appetite;
• intermittent belching of air or food consumed;
• feeling of bloating;
• a state of weakness;
• dizziness;
• sudden onset bad taste in the mouth;
• profuse salivation.

Therapy of the disease

It's no secret that for effective fight with any disease, diagnosis and the appointment of appropriate treatment by the attending physician are necessary. To begin with, the doctor conducts an examination of the patient who applied for help and collects an anamnesis. After that, the doctor prescribes the appropriate laboratory and instrumental research, including:

• general and biochemical analyzes blood;
• x-ray of the abdominal organs;
• fibrogastroduodenoscopy;
• scraping of the mucosa of the organ;
• general urine analysis.

The question of how to treat mixed gastritis can only be answered by a highly qualified and experienced medical specialist after diagnosis. In practice, the treatment of mixed gastritis includes taking medications and following the regimen. diet food. Antibacterial treatment is carried out only when the disease is of an infectious nature.

For mixed gastritis, drug treatment involves taking medications such as anti-inflammatory drugs, as well as antacids and proton pump blockers. The dose of drugs and the duration of their administration is determined exclusively by the doctor. The treatment of the indicated disease should be comprehensive, including the development for the patient diet menu nutrition.

Dietary nutrition for this disease of the stomach, especially during periods of exacerbation, should include steamed, warm and chopped dishes. The patient's menu should not contain excessively hot or cold foods, as well as coarsely chopped food, spicy, salty, fried and fatty foods and spices. With this disease, tobacco smoking and the use of alcoholic beverages are excluded. Diet with mixed gastritis implies fractional nutrition with an increase in the number of meals up to 6 times during the day, but in small portions.

The menu of a patient suffering from this disease should not contain products such as:

• fatty and fried meat, brisket;
• sweet dough and rye bread;
• beans, lentils, pearl barley, as well as millet porridge;
• nutrition with mixed gastritis involves the rejection of sour cream and hard cheese;
• mustard, horseradish, different sauces and condiments;
• red and black pepper;
• chocolate products and sweets;
• strong tea and coffee.

As recommended for this disease, products for consumption should be called lean meat or fish, oatmeal or rice porridge, low-fat milk and cottage cheese, fruit and berry drinks, cabbage juice, vegetable broths.

folk therapy

Very affordable and effective folk methods treatment of mixed gastritis. In order to remove the signs of pathology and restore the gastric mucosa, you can resort to the help of various medicinal herbs. Many of them have bactericidal, wound healing and regenerating properties. After all, it is easy to prepare a decoction or tincture of herbs, and remedies such as chamomile and plantain can be purchased at any pharmacy.

Experts consider honey to be an excellent anti-inflammatory, analgesic and bactericidal agent. It can be used as a standalone product or added to herbal infusions.

For cooking healing decoction it is necessary to mix in a glass container 10 g of crushed herbs such as St. John's wort, wormwood, calendula and plantain, and pour 0.5 l boiled water. After the composition should be boiled over low heat for 15 minutes, then let cool and strain. The resulting broth should be drunk 1/3 cup half an hour before meals in a warm form.

A very effective and common remedy in the fight against all types of gastritis is potato juice. It is he who allows you to reduce the level of acidity and get rid of heartburn and nausea. In order to make juice, you will need young potatoes. The peeled vegetable should be grated and squeezed using gauze. The resulting juice should be drunk immediately half an hour before meals. You can't store juice.

In the treatment of gastritis effective tool is healing tea, for the preparation of which you should mix 1 tbsp. l. mint leaves and calamus root, 50 g plantain leaves and 1 tsp. caraway seeds and pour the resulting mixture of 0.5 liters of boiled water. The resulting tea should be infused for 10 hours, after which it should be filtered and taken 2 tbsp. l. daily at morning time before eating. The duration of the course of such treatment should be 1 month.

With gastritis great helper are the dry leaves of a plant such as plantain. After all, from them you can prepare a tincture based on vodka. For cooking medicinal tincture you will need 0.5 liters of alcohol and 1 cup of crushed plant leaves. The leaves must be poured with vodka and boiled over low heat for 7 minutes. Drink tincture should be daily in the morning for 1 tbsp. l. before meals.

To relieve cramps in the stomach and intestines will allow freshly squeezed motherwort juice. It is necessary to take the remedy half an hour before meals, 1 tsp. three times during the day. In the winter season, motherwort juice can be mixed in equal proportions with vodka.

most enjoyable and useful tool in the fight against gastritis are green apples. They should be peeled, finely chopped or simply grated, and the product is ready for use. At the same time, you can eat apples in unlimited quantities.

Summarizing

Mixed gastritis is very "inconvenient" in relation to the diagnosis and treatment of a disease that brings significant discomfort to the patient. Therefore, it would be much better if this pathology the doctor will identify at an early stage of development. For this reason, experts recommend an annual preventive examination. Great importance in the fight against mixed gastritis is given to the efforts of the patient himself. After all, dietary nutrition, in a sense, plays more importance than drug treatment. In general, a lot of the patient's condition depends on his eating behavior. Taking medications will be useless if the patient does not review his diet.

The diet for mixed gastritis should be fractional, sparing the gastric mucosa chemically, thermally and mechanically. However, it has a number of features related to the fact that mixed gastritis is not one type of mucosal lesion, but a combination of several forms of the inflammatory process caused by different reasons. At the same time, inflammatory, erosive and atrophic changes occur in the gastric mucosa.

Etiology of mixed gastritis

The reasons that can lead to the development of an inflammatory process in the gastric mucosa are not isolated. They can be:

• endogenous (internal);
• exogenous (external).

There are the following types of illness:

1. Superficial - inflammatory processes affect only upper part lining of the stomach (epithelium).
2. Atrophic - pathological processes in the gastric mucosa, leading to its thinning, a decrease in the number of glands (atrophy) and secretory insufficiency.
3. Chronic - permanent inflammatory process, which does not allow the mucosa to fully perform its functions.

Symptoms of mixed gastritis on early stages the development of the disease, as a rule, is not specific:

• hypersalivation (profuse salivation);
• nausea, in some cases accompanied by vomiting;
• discomfort in epigastric region up to pain;
• belching;
• flatulence;
• weakness;
• dizziness;
• loss of appetite;
• bad taste in the mouth.

But if such symptoms appear - this is a reason to contact a gastroenterologist. With this form of the disease, the diet is an auxiliary link in the chain of procedures aimed at curing the body. Dietary restrictions are caused by the degree of damage to the gastric mucosa. But some recommendations for treatment table with any combination of causes that caused mixed gastritis, they will be common.

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Nutrition rules for mixed gastritis

Diet food for gastritis of the stomach, especially at the time of exacerbation, includes steam, warm, chopped dishes. Avoid overheated and supercooled food, large pieces, coarse food, spicy, salty, fatty, fried foods, spices. Alcoholic drinks and smoking should be abolished. Nutrition should be fractional, the number of meals should be increased up to six times, and the portion should be reduced.

The recommended diet during the period of remission, when patients do not experience obvious pain and discomfort, is table number 16, and then table number 15. This dietary option involves the use of unground foods, raw vegetables and fruits, black bread and full-fat milk. This diet is complete, balanced, but is designed for people who do not have significant physical activity.

Foods to avoid with any type of gastritis include:

• hot peppers (black and red);
• fresh bakery;
• legumes;
• pearl barley, barley, millet porridge;
• chocolate products;
• sauces, seasonings, spicy spices;
• hard cheeses and sour cream.

It is necessary to take writing in a calm atmosphere, slowly, chewing thoroughly. This will allow the digestion process to proceed properly, which begins in the mouth, when food is processed by saliva enzymes. With this approach, the gastric mucosa will work in a gentle mode, and nutrients will be fully absorbed.

Depending on whether mixed gastritis is accompanied by a decrease in acidity or its increase, the diet in the treatment of this disease is somewhat different.

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Nutrition rules for mixed gastritis with increased secretory function

(hyperacid) gastritis, should be chemically, mechanically and thermally gentle for the gastric mucosa (table No. 1). AT without fail products that cause gastric secretion should be excluded.

Nutrition, according to this diet, should be complete and balanced, with the restriction of products that cause the production of gastric juice and irritate its mucous membranes, as well as indigestible foods and foods. Dishes should be boiled, steamed, or lightly baked without a fried crust. The amount of salt should be minimized, the number of meals increased up to 6 times. It is recommended to drink 1 glass of milk at night.

Foods to be removed from your diet include: sausages and sausages; smoked meats; cabbage and legumes; wholemeal rye bread, all kinds of mushrooms, fatty varieties meat (goose, duck, fatty pork, lamb). Fatty and fried foods, fresh pastries should be excluded from the diet. From vegetables, radishes and cabbage are not recommended for consumption. It is worth minimizing the use of salt and excluding such seasonings and spices as hot, red and black peppers, mustard, horseradish, garlic.

• boiled lean meat (for example, chicken, quail meat, domestic rabbit meat);
• low-fat fish (cod or hake);
• semi-grinded cereals, better mucous (oatmeal, rice);
• milk and low-fat cottage cheese;
• fruit and berry drinks from sweet fruits and berries (raspberries, strawberries, wild strawberries, apples);
• freshly squeezed cabbage juice;
• low-fat soups, better in vegetable broth.

The meat must be ground in a meat grinder or chopped in some other way.