Oropharyngeal lesions. What is pharyngitis: symptoms of inflammation of the pharynx, treatment. Malignant and benign neoplasms

Throat diseases are common in children and adults, since the larynx is the first filter after the nasopharynx through which all pathogenic microorganisms pass. Most pathologies have a similar clinical picture, but a different etiology. Treatment includes taking medications, using folk remedies and correcting nutrition.

The human throat is often affected by pathogenic microorganisms

List of throat diseases

The cause of sore throat can be various pathogenic microorganisms, neoplasms, mechanical damage. Often, discomfort occurs with a cold, flu, SARS.

The main causes of throat diseases:

• viral infections - rotaviruses, adenoviruses, enteroviruses provoke the development of pharyngitis, acute laryngitis;
• bacterial pathologies - develop against the background of active reproduction, staphylococci, tonsillitis and tonsillitis are considered childhood diseases, most often these diseases are diagnosed at the age of 5–15 years;
• fungal diseases;
• various neoplasms - malignant tumors, papillomas, polyps, metastases in the pharynx;
• mechanical damage.

All infectious diseases of the throat, in addition to the obvious pain syndrome when swallowing, are accompanied by other concomitant symptoms - hyperthermia of the body, loss of strength, pain in the muscles, migraine, rhinitis, swollen lymph nodes, increased salivation, loose.

Angina

Angina often develops in a child as a complication of colds and flu, what a healthy throat and mucous membrane looks like in various forms of pathology can be seen in the photo. ICD-10 code - J03, for the chronic form - J35.

Healthy human throat

Types of angina:

1. Catarrhal angina is the mildest form of the disease, characterized by a slight swelling of the tonsils, redness and graininess of the mucous membrane of the pharynx, pain when swallowing, a white coating is noticeable on the tongue. In adults, there is a slight increase in temperature, in children, the thermometer can reach 40 degrees. The duration of the disease is not more than 5 days.

   Catarrhal angina is the mildest type of the disease.

2. Lacunar angina - the disease develops rapidly, the temperature rises very quickly, weakness, headache appear. Inside the tonsils, pus accumulates, plugs form, which noticeably rise above the surface of the tonsils in the form of tubercles.

   With lacunar angina, the temperature rises sharply

3. Follicular angina - begins with a sharp and rapid rise in temperature to 39 degrees or more, there is an intense sore throat, migraine ache. The tonsils swell and turn red, on their surface you can see many yellow spots of pus.

   With follicular angina, the tonsils turn red

4. Phlegmonous tonsillitis - purulent processes occur in the lymphoid tissue, an abscess develops. The disease occurs against the background of high temperature, chills, sore throat is most often unilateral, aggravated by swallowing, talking, bad breath appears.

With phlegmonous tonsillitis, accumulations of pus appear

Inflammation of the palatine tonsils - a consequence of frequent tonsillitis, can occur in acute and chronic form. Measles, scarlet fever, diphtheria can provoke the development of the disease. ICD-10 code - J03.

With tonsillitis, palatine tonsils become inflamed

Tonsillitis most often occurs without an increase in temperature, accompanied by atrophy of the lymphoid tissue of the tonsils, against the background of hypertrophy, breathing problems occur.

Sudden hoarseness, hoarseness often occurs with hormonal disorders - thyroid pathology, estrogen deficiency in women during menopause.

Laryngitis

The inflammatory process is localized in the mucous membrane of the larynx, proceeds in acute and chronic form. The disease develops when hypothermia, inhalation of cold or polluted air, tobacco smoke. ICD-10 code - J04.

Acute laryngitis - most often one of the symptoms of acute respiratory viral infections, influenza, whooping cough, scarlet fever, develops with hypothermia, prolonged stay in a room with dusty air, against the background of addictions. The disease is characterized by a barking cough, but after a while the discharge begins, the person complains about, the voice becomes hoarse, it may disappear completely, the temperature rises slightly, it interferes.

Forms and symptoms of chronic laryngitis:

1. Catarrhal - accompanied by a diffuse lesion of the mucous membrane of the larynx. The main symptoms are hoarseness, weakness, a feeling of narrowing of the throat, a wet cough periodically appears.
2. Hypertrophic - against the background of prolonged inflammation, the epithelium grows into other layers of the epidermis. The disease is accompanied by aphonia, burning in the throat, cough.
3. Atrophic - the inner shell of the larynx atrophies, becomes thin. Symptoms - a decrease in the timbre of the voice, a sore throat, a dry cough, with a strong attack, crusts with streaks of blood can leave.

With hypertrophic laryngitis, it is sometimes necessary to remove areas with hyperplasia surgically.

Acute or chronic inflammatory process in the mucous membrane of the pharynx. ICD-10 code - J02.

The acute form of the pathology develops against the background of infectious diseases of the upper respiratory tract. Pharyngitis can occur with prolonged inhalation of frosty air through the mouth, against the background of smoking and alcohol abuse, after eating very hot or cold food. The pain in the throat increases when saliva is swallowed, the disease is accompanied by subfebrile temperature, there is a tickle in the throat, while in general the person feels normal.

Throat with pharyngitis

Chronic pharyngitis develops against the background of sinusitis, tonsillitis, caries, metabolic disorders, heart and lung diseases. Pathology is combined with atrophy of the nasal mucosa, accompanied by severe scratching in the throat, dry barking cough, swelling of the tongue, purulent discharge, subfebrile temperature.

The acute form of laryngitis is a dangerous disease for children under two years of age, often accompanied by severe catarrhal rhinitis, swelling and inflammation of the nasopharyngeal mucosa, which causes a significant deterioration in nasal breathing.

Inflammation of the pharyngeal tonsil is often viral in nature, manifests itself in the form of a severe headache, dry choking cough, attacks of shortness of breath and suffocation, and is diagnosed in children aged 3–15 years. The ICD-10 code is J35.

The disease develops against a background of weakened immunity, with a deficiency of vitamin D, with hypothermia, with a history of chronic rhinitis or diseases of the upper respiratory tract.

Adenoiditis - inflammation of the pharyngeal tonsil

Malignant and benign neoplasms

Laryngeal cancer is difficult to diagnose in the early stages, because the disease can go on for a long time without pronounced symptoms, so tumors are often diagnosed when they reach a large size. The ICD-10 code is C32.

Possible signs of oncology:

• sensation of a foreign body in the throat, perspiration, discomfort when swallowing;
• labored breathing;
• the presence of bloody inclusions in the mucus from the throat and nose;
• increased salivation;
• frequent stuffy ears without obvious signs of an inflammatory process;
• toothache, while the dentist cannot find the cause of the appearance of discomfort;
• hoarseness of voice.

Blood clots in saliva may indicate the development of neoplasms in the throat

Benign neoplasms are less dangerous, but also require immediate treatment, since severe complications can occur if they are often injured. Polyps and vocal nodules occur on the larynx with constant tension of the ligaments, smoking, and chronic inflammatory processes. The reason for the formation of papillomas is the activation of HPV, growths appear on the trachea, vocal cords. All non-cancerous tumors have the ICD-10 code - D10.

Most often, laryngeal cancer is diagnosed in men aged 55-65 years, heavy smokers.

Mycoses of the larynx

Fungal infections develop against the background of a weakened immune system, can be acute or chronic. They manifest as redness of the throat and tonsils, pain when swallowing, ulcers and erosions in the mouth, sores in the corners of the mouth, dry cough, fever, swelling and soreness of the cervical and submandibular lymph nodes. The ICD-10 code is B37.

Fungal infection of the throat

The main types of fungal pathologies of the oral cavity:

• pseudomembranous candidiasis - most often diagnosed in children and the elderly;
• mycosis - develops against the background of diabetes;
• erythematous chronic itching.

Pain and burning when swallowing can be caused by reflux disease - the acidic contents of the stomach penetrate the upper esophagus, throat, irritate the mucous membranes.

Other throat diseases

A sore throat can be a sign of other diseases that are not related to ENT pathologies.

What diseases can cause sore throat:

1. Laryngospasm - most often occurs in children with rickets, hydrocephalus, formula feeding. Symptoms - a decrease in the diameter of the pupil, a strong closure of the vocal cords, convulsions, fainting, noisy breathing. In adults, the skin becomes red or bluish, a hysterical cough appears. ICD-10 code - 5.
2. Puffiness of the larynx - develops against the background of allergies, injuries of the larynx, pathologies of the heart and blood vessels,. A person experiences pain when swallowing, it is difficult for him to breathe. ICD-10 code - J4.
3. Stenosis of the larynx - the lumen of the respiratory tract is completely or partially closed due to edema of the larynx, insect bites, injuries, the cause may be syphilis, diphtheria, neoplasms of various origins. Signs - profuse cold sweat, breathing problems, shortness of breath, hoarse voice, mucous membranes and skin acquire a blue tint, loss of consciousness, respiratory arrest is possible. ICD-10 code - 6.

Laryngeal stenosis - closing of the airways due to edema

Mechanical damage to the larynx is often diagnosed in young children, as they can accidentally swallow a foreign object. In adults, pathology can occur when swallowing a fish bone; singers and lecturers are susceptible to the disease due to constant increased stress on the ligaments.

Which doctor should I contact?

If a sore throat occurs, it is necessary, after examination and preliminary diagnosis, he will give a direction to.

Additionally, you may need to consult an infectious disease specialist,.

If the illness is psychosomatic in nature, the patient will watch,. A doctor in one of these areas will be able to accurately diagnose based on the results of the tests.

Diagnosis of diseases of the throat

Examination of the patient is carried out using special instruments - laryngoscopy and pharyngoscopy allows you to identify in which part of the throat the mucosa is most hyperemic and edematous, to assess the condition of the vocal cords and the back wall of the larynx, to detect lumps of pus.

Basic diagnostic methods:

• clinical analysis of blood and urine;
• throat swab, sputum culture;
• MRI, histological examination of the tumor - allows you to determine the origin of neoplasms;

Since throat diseases are often of a bacterial origin, sputum is checked for sensitivity to antibacterial drugs before prescribing therapy.

Ultrasound of the larynx shows the cause of the disease

Treatment methods for throat diseases

To eliminate unpleasant symptoms, prevent the development of complications in the treatment of throat diseases, medicines, diet therapy are used, alternative medicine recipes will help speed up the healing process.

Medications

For the treatment of throat diseases, I use drugs in tablet form, local agents, the choice of drugs depends on the type of pathogen.

The main groups of drugs:

• antibiotics - Amoxicillin, Augmentin;
• antiviral drugs - Remantadin, Tamiflu;
• antifungal agents - Fluconazole, Levorin;
• antihistamines - Ebastine, Cetirizine;
• - Paracetamol, Nurofen;
• mucolytics - ACC, Prospan, Ambroxol;
• local antiseptics - Tantum Verde, Ingalipt, Lizobakt, Miramistin;
• streptococcal and staphylococcal bacteriophages.

Recently, doctors are less and less resorting to surgery to remove the tonsils in the throat, since the tonsils are organs of the immune system, they prevent the penetration of infection into the bronchi, trachea, and lungs.

Amoxicillin is an antibiotic drug

Folk remedies

In the treatment of throat diseases, it is necessary to observe bed rest, drink more warm drinks, cope well with pain, tickle milk, tea with raspberries or black currants, a decoction of rose hips, alkaline mineral waters without gas.

How can you treat sore throat at home:

• honey is one of the best remedies for treating sore throat, it can be used to lubricate the tonsils, use it in its pure form, prepare solutions for rinsing;
• inhalations with essential oils of eucalyptus, fir, pine, tea tree;
• the usual heat or alcohol compress on the neck, hot foot baths with mustard;
• gargling is an effective method of combating throat diseases. For procedures, you can use a decoction of chamomile, sage, linden, oak bark, St. John's wort;
• inside you can take a tincture of propolis, garlic, calendula in a diluted form;
• you can treat inflamed tonsils with a mixture of juice from aloe, kalanchoe and propolis tincture, it softens the throat well and eliminates purulent processes of sea buckthorn oil.

It helps to cope with diseases of the throat gargling with a decoction of chamomile

Honey should not be added to hot drinks - under the influence of high temperatures, the product acquires carcinogenic properties. In lemon, raspberry, blackcurrant, boiling water destroys vitamin C.

Any thermal procedures can be carried out only at normal temperature indicators.

Nutrition Features

To reduce inflammation, pain, swelling of the mucous membrane, not to injure an irritated throat, you must adhere to a special diet.

Nutrition principles:

• spicy, sour, spicy, salty foods should be excluded from the diet, heavy fatty and sweet foods, junk food should be abandoned;
• all dishes should have a comfortable temperature, soft texture;
• the menu should have a lot of vegetables and fruits, especially those with a high content of vitamin C and iodine - greens, bell peppers, carrots, sea kale;
• daily you need to consume 10-15 ml of olive or corn oil;
• fermented milk products will help to speed up recovery, prevent the development of dysbacteriosis when taking antibiotics;
• It is strictly forbidden to smoke, drink alcohol.

Garlic, onion, ginger, cinnamon, star anise effectively fight viruses.

If you have a sore throat, you should not eat spicy food.

Possible Complications

Without proper and timely treatment, acute inflammatory processes in the throat turn into chronic diseases, which is fraught with constant relapses at the slightest hypothermia and weakened immunity.

What are the dangers of throat diseases:

• angina often gives complications to the heart, joints, kidneys - rheumatism develops, infectious polyarthritis, paratonsillitis, nephritis;
• in chronic tonsillitis, vasculitis and skin dermatoses often develop;
• hypotonic dysphonia - the work of the vocal cords, the muscles of the larynx worsens;
• spasm of the jaws;
• pharyngeal abscess;
• chronic bronchitis, sinusitis, sinusitis, otitis;
• severe eye pathology;
• hepatitis A, B.

If streptococci from the tissues of the throat penetrate into the blood, then sepsis will begin to develop rapidly.

If the throat is not treated, then chronic sinusitis may develop.

Prevention

To prevent the development of throat diseases, it is necessary to adhere to simple rules of prevention, strengthen the immune system.

How to avoid a sore throat:

• daily walks in the fresh air;
• stop smoking;
• maintain optimal temperature and humidity in the room;
• eat food at a comfortable temperature;
• the diet should contain a sufficient amount of vitamins and minerals;
• avoid hypothermia.

Quit smoking to avoid sore throats

In order not to catch an infection, you must follow the rules of hygiene, do not touch your face with dirty hands, take antiviral drugs during epidemics of SARS and influenza, lubricate your nose with oxolin ointment when leaving the house.

The list and symptoms of throat diseases is quite large, so if you experience discomfort when swallowing, hoarseness, you should consult a doctor. Correct diagnosis and adequate therapy will help to avoid the development of severe, sometimes fatal, complications.

Antonio Leeuwenhoek - that was the name of the Delft merchant - is considered the founder of microscopy. It was to him that the discovery of the infusoria of the shoe belongs, it was he who first described blood cells and a variety of forms of bacteria.

But then, back in the 17th century, he was incredibly surprised when he first discovered microscopic "animals" in pepper broth. And he was completely shocked by the discovery that hundreds of such animals live in his mouth.

Since the time of Antonio Leeuwenhoek, science has made a tremendous leap forward, including microbiology. Now it is difficult to surprise someone with the message that thousands of microorganisms live in his mouth. But does every patient think about the harm these microorganisms bring to health?

Meanwhile, we know that infectious and inflammatory diseases of the oral cavity and pharynx (pharyngitis, glossitis, stomatitis and gingivitis) are among the most common reasons for patients to visit district physicians, family doctors and otorhinolaryngologists, which indicates the widespread prevalence of this problem.

The main cause of the development of inflammatory processes of the upper respiratory tract (pharyngitis, rhinitis, tonsillitis, etc.) is a viral infection (rhinovirus, adenovirus, coronavirus, parainfluenza, influenza, etc.).

When the oropharynx is affected, adenoviral and rhinovirus infections are more common than others. The body reacts to the introduction of an infectious agent and violation of the integrity of the mucous membranes by the development of an inflammatory process, in which a number of protective mechanisms are activated: changes in the permeability of the vascular wall, increased blood flow, increased activity of macrophages and polymorphonuclear cellular elements, release of inflammatory mediators, free oxygen radicals. Macrophages play a major role in the defense mechanism, causing an increase in the level of T-lymphocytes through the release of cytokines. Various diseases accompanied by a decrease in local and general body resistance (primary and acquired immunodeficiency states, cystic fibrosis, endocrine diseases, etc.). Local hypothermia of the oropharynx with cold food, drinks or cold air, as well as exposure to various irritating agents (tobacco or other smoke with systematic exposure, dustiness of the air, the presence of irritating chemicals in the air) can lead to a decrease in local immunity. With inflammation of the paranasal sinuses, infected secretions can enter the pharynx and stimulate infectious inflammatory processes in it.

With a decrease in immunity, the so-called "transient flora" can acquire the status of "pathogenic". The "transient flora" includes streptococci, staphylococci, pneumococci, gram-negative diplococci and other microflora, usually sown in the norm and in a healthy person.

Pharyngitis

Pharyngitis is divided into acute and chronic. Acute pharyngitis is an infectious inflammation of the mucous membrane of the oropharynx and palatine tonsils. With favorable development, acute pharyngitis may resolve spontaneously, without medical intervention. But most often, acute pharyngitis is accompanied by the development of inflammatory, and sometimes purulent processes in adjacent tissues. The main complaints of patients with acute lesions of the mucous membrane of the oropharynx are unpleasant sensations - burning, tingling, dryness, pain when swallowing; headache localized in the occipital region. Children often have shortness of breath and nasality. In adults, this disease occurs without a sharp deterioration in the general condition, and in children it can occur with a sharp increase in temperature up to 39 ° C. Especially in cases where inflammation spreads to the larynx and trachea. Acute pharyngitis is characterized by an increase and soreness of the cervical and occipital lymph nodes. Examination of the patient reveals hyperemia of the posterior pharyngeal wall and palatine arches, separate inflamed lymphoid granules, but there are no signs of inflammation of the palatine tonsils characteristic of tonsillitis.

Chronic pharyngitis, unlike acute, as a rule, is bacterial in nature, less often fungal. This is a polyetiological disease characterized by the presence of inflammatory and degenerative changes in the pharyngeal mucosa. Chronic pharyngitis is characterized by complaints of dryness, perspiration, soreness and sensation of a foreign body in the throat, often a dry cough and the formation of viscous sputum, fever. A significant deterioration in the general condition is rare in patients with chronic pharyngitis. When making a diagnosis, the pharyngoscope picture is taken into account. The development of chronic pharyngitis is associated with the harmful effects of such irritating factors as alcohol, nicotine, spicy food, carbonated drinks, various adverse industrial and climatic influences. The formation of the disease is facilitated by pathological conditions of the nasal cavity, leading to impaired nasal breathing - deviated nasal septum, vasomotor and hypertrophic rhinitis, nasal polyposis, adenoids. The cause of chronic pharyngitis can be recurrent infections of the respiratory tract, leading to persistent damage to the mucociliary barrier and significant inhibition of the mechanisms of local and general immunity. Atrophic pharyngitis is a consequence of progressive atrophy of the pharyngeal mucosa in the elderly.

gingivitis and periodontitis

An imbalance in the oral defense system can cause inflammation of the gum mucosa - gingivitis. When inflammation spreads from the gingival margin to the tissues surrounding the teeth, gingivitis turns into periodontitis, which can later lead to inflammation of the bone tissue, loosening and loss of the tooth. In patients older than 15 years, in 50% of cases, the cause of tooth loss is periodontal disease. In gingivitis, the gum becomes inflamed, swelling occurs, its contour changes. Due to edema, the gingival sulcus between the tooth deepens, and the so-called gingival pocket is formed. As a result, there is reddening of the gingival margin, swelling and bleeding of the gums, it becomes sensitive and painful, there are difficulties in chewing and swallowing. Gingivitis can be either acute or chronic. Chronic gingivitis is more common in adults.

Stomatitis

Infectious and inflammatory diseases of the oral cavity include stomatitis - inflammation of the oral mucosa. According to the clinical manifestation, stomatitis is divided into catarrhal, ulcerative and aphthous. The most common cause of stomatitis is poor oral hygiene, dental disease, dental plaque, oral dysbacteriosis, and gastrointestinal diseases (gastritis, duodenitis, colitis, etc.). Aphthous stomatitis is characterized by a connection with allergic reactions, viral infections, rheumatism. Depending on the severity and form of the disease, patients complain of pain in the oral cavity and pharynx, severe pain during chewing, swallowing articulation. Sometimes there is an increase in body temperature up to 37.5 ° C, an increase in regional lymph nodes, malaise, headache. On examination, defects in the mucous membrane of the oral cavity and tongue are determined.

Treatment: general principles

Therapeutic tactics for infectious and inflammatory diseases of the mucous membrane of the oral cavity and pharynx includes the appointment of drugs with anti-inflammatory, analgesic, immunocorrective effects, local antiseptics, decongestants and hyposensitizing drugs. In the complex of therapeutic measures, an important role belongs to drugs that have a combined effect.

What exactly is the treatment?

So, a specialist treating a patient with an inflammatory disease of the oral cavity and pharynx has the main mission: choosing the most effective drug. It is on this choice that the speed and effectiveness of the therapy depends.

Scientific reference

Causes of inflammation of the oral cavity

1. Traumatic inflammation. Trauma can be mechanical, chemical or physical, acute or long term.
2. Infectious inflammatory processes (viral, bacterial, fungal infections).
3. Allergic reactions, accompanied by swelling and inflammation of the oral mucosa.
4. Inflammation of the mucosa in systemic diseases: hypo- and beriberi, endocrine diseases, diseases of the blood system, diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, etc.

HEXETIDINE

Broad-spectrum antiseptic against gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms. Bactericide for anaerobic bacteria. Bacteriostatic for most strains of bacteria at a concentration of 100 mg / ml. Fungicide against fungi of the genus Blastomycetes, Trichophyton, Histoplasma, Microsporum. It inhibits the growth and reproduction of more than 40 strains of fungi of the genus Candida. Weak analgesic.

The undeniable advantage of hexetidine, in addition to a wide spectrum of action, is a high degree of adhesion on the mucous membrane of the oropharynx. At the same time, in the absence of absorption, hexetidine has a lasting effect (active concentrations of hexetidine on mucous membranes persist for hours after a single application).

CHOLINE SALICYLATE

A powerful analgesic and antipyretic, a derivative of salicylic acid. It blocks the enzymes COX-1 and COX-2, inhibits the synthesis of prostaglandins, due to which it has a powerful anti-inflammatory effect. It inhibits the activation of macrophages and neutrophils, showing anti-edematous action. It has an antipyretic and analgesic effect. It is indispensable in the treatment of diseases of the oropharynx, accompanied by an increase in local temperature, severe inflammation, swelling and soreness. It is well absorbed from mucous membranes, has a fast effect.

CHLOROBUTANOL

A fast-acting local anesthetic, a reliable tool in the arsenal of dentists and otorhinolaryngologists. It has additional properties: antibacterial and antifungal effects. Helps to enhance the analgesic effect in combination with hexetidine and choline salicylate.

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Diseases of the oropharynx

The most common cause of oropharyngeal disease are various infections. Their most popular consequences are tonsillitis (more scientifically - acute tonsillitis, laryngitis and pharyngitis. The article contains doctors' recommendations on how not to harm yourself with these diseases, but on the contrary, help the body recover quickly.

Angina causes inflammation of the tonsils. In addition to a sore throat, she is accompanied by aches all over her body, weakness and high temperature, from 38 degrees.

A person wakes up in the morning relatively vigorous, but by the evening he usually “turns limp”. The disease has many varieties: catarrhal (red throat), follicular (purulent follicles on the tonsils), lacunar (pus in the lacunae), aphthous (rashes on the tonsils in the form of white or pinkish ulcers), herpetic (rashes on the tonsils in the form of bubbles).

Laryngitis is an inflammation of the mucous membrane of the larynx. Symptoms - perspiration and redness, slightly elevated (about 37.5 ° C) temperature and - a distinguishing feature - hoarse heavy breathing and a hoarse voice. The patient's condition is worse in the morning, immediately after waking up.

Pharyngitis is an inflammation of the mucous membrane of the pharynx. It is accompanied by redness, perspiration, the same as with laryngitis, a slightly elevated temperature, often with a dry, painful cough.

Treatment is prescribed by a doctor. Warm rinses and grandmother's recipes will not help. Untreated diseases can lead to all sorts of complications. But typical recommendations for diseases of the oropharynx are the same for everyone.

Inflammation of the oropharynx. Do's and Don'ts for Treatment

With inflammation of the oropharynx, you can not:

That is, talk long and loudly. Communication should be kept to a minimum. Listen more. Shorten your answers. As the signalmen say, switch to the mode of receiving information.

2. There are salty, chocolate, spicy and even healthy citrus fruits. All these products irritate the oropharynx. You should also avoid solid foods: crackers, cookies. It is best to use cereals, light broths, baked vegetables.

3. Drink excessively hot drinks.

They will not warm the throat, but only additionally injure the mucous membrane.

4. At elevated temperatures, consume a lot of milk.

Protein dishes in such a situation can increase the intoxication of the body.

5. Gargle with water with soda and iodine.

This disinfectant solution will benefit only with purulent sore throat. In other cases, it will only irritate the mucous membrane of the throat.

Inflammation of the oropharynx implies bed rest and, ideally, the cessation of intercourse above.

7. Independently "prescribe" antibiotics.

8. Postpone calling your doctor if your sore throat is accompanied by headache, fever, vomiting, or rash.

With inflammation of the oropharynx, you can and should:

1. Relieve pain with local remedies - special lozenges or sprays.

2. Take complex vitamins to strengthen immunity.

3. Ventilate the room. This will help you fall asleep faster and sleep better at night.

4. Drink a warm drink with vitamin C and honey as often as possible (in the absence of an allergy to the latter).

It has a healing and disinfecting effect. It will be useful to include extracts of hawthorn and wild rose in the composition of such drinks.

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The most common throat diseases: symptoms of diseases and treatment

Each of us at least once in our lives has experienced such an unpleasant symptom as a sore throat. Someone immediately begins treatment and taking antibiotics, while someone simply ignores the discomfort and waits for other symptoms of the disease to appear or everything will pass by itself.

The causes of sore throat can be different, in order to prevent serious consequences, you need to have an idea what diseases of the throat and larynx exist, what signs and symptoms they have, and what needs to be done for a speedy recovery.

The most common diseases of the throat and larynx with a description

Types of diseases of the throat and larynx can be divided into several groups:

• Viral and bacterial, these are the most common diseases today, the causative agents of which are bacteria and viruses.
• Fungal, these are diseases that appear as a result of a very active reproduction of moldy and yeast-like fungi. Most often they are expressed through angina, laryngitis or pharyngitis. With fungal infections, there is always a coating of curdled mass, severe sore throat, but without fever. Usually, mycosis occurs as a result of a decrease in immunity, vitamin deficiency, courses of antibiotic therapy or treatment with hormonal drugs. Problems with the gastrointestinal tract can also lead to the appearance of mycosis.
• Tumor, these are diseases of the larynx and throat, which can be triggered by tumor processes in the body. The tumor is primary, when it first forms in the larynx, and secondary, when it manifests itself as metastases from oncological diseases of other organs. In this case, patients may feel a "lump in the throat", the presence of a foreign body, difficulty swallowing food. The voice may also change, becoming more hoarse and hoarse.
• Caused by an external irritant - these are diseases provoked by an allergy to irritating substances in the environment or a reaction to very dry air.

SARS and influenza - dryness, soreness and pain when swallowing, hoarseness, sneezing, coughing, runny nose, body aches can be felt in the throat. The temperature often does not rise above 38 0С. Taking antibiotics in this case is completely ineffective, since these drugs are not designed to fight viruses, but bacteria.

With ARVI, it is worth taking antiviral agents and / or immunomodulators. To alleviate the symptoms of SARS, gargle with decoctions of chamomile and sage, which relieve inflammation well. And also get sprays with a slight analgesic effect or lollipops with eucalyptus and sage.

Support immunity with vitamin C, drink plenty of warm, but not hot liquids. For these purposes, compotes with rose hips, honey, and herbal teas are well suited.

Adenoiditis is a disease that occurs as a consequence of a viral infection that affects the pharyngeal tonsil. Symptoms are severe headaches, sore throat, breathing problems, purulent runny nose. If the disease is not diagnosed in time, then it can develop into otitis media, tonsillitis, sinusitis.

For the treatment of adenoiditis, washing of the nasopharynx with antiseptic solutions and laser exposure is used. In severe cases, it may lead to surgery.

Throat and throat diseases

Infectious mononucleosis, or type IV herpes virus, has similar symptoms, and a sore throat can be combined with a breakdown, headache, nausea, and fever. Then there are signs as with angina, the cervical lymph nodes swell, nasal breathing becomes difficult, the timbre of the voice changes. The palatine and nasopharyngeal tonsils are covered with plaque. Sometimes an icteric skin tone and a rash may appear.

It is transmitted by airborne droplets, more often in closed groups, for example, kindergartens, and remains in the body throughout life, with a decrease in immunity, a relapse of the disease can occur. Only a doctor can prescribe the correct treatment, and only he is able to assess the advisability of taking antibiotics.

Angina is one of the most common ailments. Most often it occurs due to streptococcus, less often mycoplasma, chlamydia, gonococcus or tubercle bacillus.

The onset of the disease is most often manifested by high fever and very severe sore throat. The larynx is red and inflamed, the tonsils are covered with white. Often accompanied by joint pain and migraine.

Keep in mind that with this disease, antibiotic treatment cannot be avoided, otherwise there may be very serious complications. If you suspect you have a sore throat, seek medical help as soon as possible. Of the medical preparations, broad-spectrum antibiotics or based on bacterial culture, as well as anti-inflammatory drugs are prescribed.

With angina, bed rest should be observed, it is recommended to eat mashed soft food and drink plenty of warm liquids. If you want to get better quickly and relieve inflammation, then use rinsing with decoctions of sage, linden, chamomile, miramistin and furacilin solutions.

You can use stronger means, for example, a 1% solution of iodinol, a solution of hydrogen peroxide, a solution of potassium permanganate, a solution of boric acid, calendula tincture. This will help to quickly relieve sore throat and clean the mucous membrane.

It is effective to use inhalations with decoctions of herbs, such as chamomile, eucalyptus, Siberian elder, marigold flowers. And with enlarged lymph nodes, compresses with alcohol, menovazine, novocaine and menthol will be very useful.

Chronic diseases of the larynx and throat

Chronic tonsillitis is a chronic inflammation of the palatine tonsils. Both adults and children suffer from it, and the most common cause is recurring tonsillitis, acute respiratory infections or diseases such as scarlet fever, diphtheria and measles. When nasal breathing has a persistent violation, immunity is lowered, sinusitis, rhinitis and sinusitis occur very often, then the risks of developing chronic tonsillitis are high.

During an exacerbation of the disease, the same treatment is prescribed as with angina. But in order to completely get rid of this misfortune, it is necessary to cure, first of all, the ailments that contribute to the appearance of chronic tonsillitis.

• Scarlet fever - the disease begins with severe inflammation and redness of the throat. The temperature rises, and the child may refuse to eat. The difference between scarlet fever and ARVI will be a gray-yellow coating on the tongue at the onset of the disease, on the second third day of the illness, the coating disappears, and the tip of the tongue becomes crimson. Within two days, a pink rash appears on the body, which then turns red and acquires a burgundy hue. Most often, the disease is treated at home with antibiotics and bed rest. Remember that within 7-10 days a sick child can infect others, so you should limit his contact with other people.
• Diphtheria is a disease that can be in different forms. There are diphtheria of the larynx, croup and pharynx. In most cases, the onset of the disease is expressed by swelling of the larynx and nasopharynx, sore throat, runny nose, headache, nausea, shortness of breath, swollen lymph nodes in the neck. Diphtheria is often confused with angina, as they share a number of common symptoms, such as fever, headache, pain when swallowing, red tonsils or yellowish pustules in follicular angina.
• The main difference between angina and diphtheria is that in the first case, when swallowing, the pain is very strong, and in the second, the pain is much weaker. With diphtheria, there is a very strong enlargement of the lymph nodes, up to swelling of the neck. With angina, after a couple of days, the temperature drops, and the pain in the throat and larynx disappears, and during diphtheria, the temperature constantly rises and the condition of the patient becomes worse and worse.
• To date, diphtheria is much less common, but requires its exclusion when making an accurate diagnosis. Treatment of diphtheria is possible only with the help of antitoxic antidiphtheria serum and antibiotics, sometimes the administration of corticosteroid drugs is required. In any case, only a doctor can make an accurate diagnosis and prescribe adequate treatment, self-medication in this case is unacceptable.

Rare diseases in which the throat hurts

Epiglottitis is a very rare disease, more common in children under 4 years of age. It is very dangerous because it can lead to impaired airway patency. The disease manifests itself as pain in the larynx and throat, fever, salivation and nasal congestion, a characteristic feature is hyperemia and swelling of the epiglottis.

Lips and fingertips may turn blue. To breathe, the patient has to stretch his neck, open his mouth and stick out his tongue. The disease is caused by Haemophilus influenzae, which provokes the appearance of meningitis and pneumonia.

The disease can be diagnosed and cured only in a hospital setting. And the sooner the correct diagnosis is made, the better for the patient, since the disease develops rapidly and can be fatal.

Frequent illnesses with sore throat

Pharyngitis is a disease that is accompanied by a feeling of dryness in the throat, dry cough, stabbing pain in the larynx, perspiration. During swallowing and when trying to open the mouth wide, the pain intensifies. There may be discomfort, similar to a lump in the throat. The mucous membrane in the throat is red and inflamed, there may be plaque and pus.

Pharyngitis as an independent disease is very rare, more often it appears in conjunction with inflammatory processes of the upper respiratory tract in an acute form. Pharyngitis can be catarrhal, atrophic and hypertrophic. In the latter form, the need to expectorate and cough up is especially acute. In the morning, these processes can even be accompanied by vomiting and nausea.

When treating a disease, exclude hot, spicy, sour foods, and drink plenty of liquids with a vitamin composition, such as fruit drinks and compotes. You can rinse your mouth with iodinol, alkaline solutions, lubricate the mucous membrane with a solution of Lugol with glycerin, a solution of collargol and protargol.

But remember that these are only additional methods of treatment, and you cannot avoid going to the doctor, because the chronic form of pharyngitis without proper treatment appears very easily, and getting rid of it is not so easy.

Laryngitis is inflammation of the vocal cords and larynx. The main symptom of laryngitis is a hoarse or no voice and a barking cough. The patient may feel a scratching pain in the throat, later sputum may appear during expectoration.

For young children, in whom it occurs most often, it is the most dangerous. The structural features of the children's larynx are such that in a supine position, especially at night, there are high chances of laryngeal edema, and this can make it very difficult for a child to breathe.

In this situation, the intervention of doctors and an ambulance call is required. Before the arrival of doctors, you should raise the child vertically and provide him with a warm, moist environment to relieve spasm, a bathroom with a hot shower is quite suitable for this purpose.

Laryngitis in a chronic form can be caused not only by bacteria, but also by external factors, for example, overstrain of the voice, the action of harmful substances, and smoking.

In the absence of high temperature, inhalation with mineral water or Berodual helps to alleviate the condition. A warm compress on the throat and drinking warm herbal decoctions and teas may help. And it is very important, if possible, not to strain the vocal cords, it is better to be silent for a couple of days. And also do not forget to humidify the air in the room, if you do not have a humidifier, then use a wet towel.

If an adult is sick, then doctors strongly recommend refraining from drinking alcohol and smoking during illness.

Laryngeal edema is not an independent disease, and most often develops against the background of laryngeal tonsillitis, phlegmonous laryngitis, and purulent processes in the larynx. It can be either inflammatory or non-inflammatory. Laryngeal edema can occur as an allergic reaction to cosmetics, medicines, or food.

Prevention of the occurrence of diseases of the throat

It is not yet possible to completely protect yourself from such diseases, but there are ways to minimize the risks of their occurrence. To do this, you need to follow a number of simple rules:

• Do not smoke, as this addiction turns the mucous membranes of the nasopharynx and throat into the weakest and most vulnerable places in the body.
• Make your menu useful and varied, giving preference to healthy and wholesome food.
• Do not forget to humidify the air in the room, especially during the heating season. Dry air especially strongly irritates the throat and provokes the formation of microtraumas, which is an open road for pathogenic bacteria.
• Wash your hands often for yourself and your children. It has been proven that most of the microorganisms harmful to us get to us because of unwashed hands.
• Drink vitamins. It is better to take immediately complexes for better functioning of the immune system or immunomodulators.
• Dress appropriately for the weather to avoid hypothermia. By itself, it does not cause the development of colds, but provokes vasoconstriction and a violation of the protective barrier of the mucous membranes in the body. And always remember, self-medication can be dangerous. Do not put off a visit to the doctor indefinitely. And be healthy!

Oropharyngeal cancer

The oropharynx connects the pharynx (from the soft palate) and the larynx. At this site, the respiratory and digestive tracts intersect. It is the soft palate that separates the oropharynx from the nasopharynx.

A malignant neoplasm characterized by a high growth rate is oropharyngeal cancer. The aggressiveness of the tumor is confirmed by histological analysis and clinical features in the form of rapid metastasis to regional lymph nodes and distant organs.

Oncoprocess, in most cases, is registered after the age of 40 years. Basically, the neoplasm is located on the palatine tonsils (73%), but there is a lesion of the posterior pharyngeal wall (16%) and soft palate (11%). Due to the hidden initial period, often, the disease is diagnosed at stages 3-4, and in half of the cases metastases in the lymph nodes are detected.

Causes of Oropharyngeal Cancer

The occurrence of a malignant focus in the oropharynx can be a primary process or secondary, as a result of malignancy of a benign formation. Cell malignancy can be observed due to exposure to provoking factors, for example:

• smoking, chewing tobacco;
• alcohol abuse;
• poor-quality, inconveniently installed dentures.

In addition, it is worth noting the conditions and background pathology, which increases the risk of tissue degeneration into malignant ones:

• inflammatory processes (sinusitis, tonsillitis, pharyngitis);
• leukoplakia, erythroplakia of the pharynx;
• papillomas;
• immunodeficiency.

Symptoms

The initial period (1-3 months) does not have any noticeable symptoms. The tumor increases with time, begins to feel like a foreign body, pain occurs when swallowing and choking.

Depending on the location of oncology, a nasal voice worries, liquid food is thrown into the nasopharynx and appetite decreases. When the surface of the tumor is injured by a food lump, an admixture of blood is noted in the saliva.

The tumor can grow into the lumen of the oropharynx or deep into the tissues.

Signs of oropharyngeal cancer by stage

The staging of malignant diseases (TNM) is based on criteria such as tumor size (T), involvement of surrounding lymph nodes (N), and presence of distant metastases (M). According to this division, the volume of surgical intervention and the rationality of prescribing courses of radiation and chemotherapy are determined.

At the first stage, oropharyngeal cancer may not appear at all, since the focus is small, there is no damage to the lymph nodes and other organs.

In the second stage, a person may feel a sore throat, as if something is “itching” on the back of the pharyngeal wall or in the soft palate. Lymph nodes may be enlarged or malignant on one side.

As for the third stage, a person is concerned about the sensation of a lump in the throat, difficulty swallowing, choking, nasal voice and pain. In addition, there is cancer of the regional lymph nodes on both sides. They increase, become painful when palpated and soldered to the surrounding tissues.

Among the common symptoms of cancer intoxication, it is worth noting headache, weakness, loss of appetite and body weight. At this stage, it is possible for cancer to grow deep into the tissues with coverage of the neurovascular bundle and possible bleeding.

At the fourth stage, the malignant focus spreads both to neighboring tissues and organs, and to distant structures. With the defeat of the nasopharynx, germination in the Eustachian tube is noted with the development of acute, possibly purulent, otitis media, as a result of which hearing loss develops.

Violating ventilation in the paranasal sinuses, the tumor provokes the development of sinusitis. If the oncoprocess spreads to the cranial cavity, symptoms of a brain tumor are observed. In addition, in the fourth stage, the neoplasm undergoes decay, which predisposes to the appearance of bleeding. In addition to local damage, metastasis occurs with the formation of distant malignant foci.

Diagnostics

Sometimes, oropharyngeal cancer becomes a godsend when examined by an ENT doctor or at a dentist's appointment. To confirm the malignant origin, a histological examination is performed under the control of pharyngoscopy.

To assess the prevalence of the process, rhinoscopy, otoscopy, laryngoscopy, tomography and biopsy of the lymph nodes are performed.

Oropharyngeal cancer treatment

The main method of treatment is surgical removal of the tumor. In case of cancer growth into the larynx, a partial removal of the pharynx and a complete removal of the larynx are performed, followed by the formation of a tracheostomy, esophagostomy and orthostomy. After 3 months, the plastic of the pharynx is performed and the natural patency of food is restored.

At stages 1-2, only surgical treatment is used. Starting from stage 3, a combination with radiation and chemotherapy is recommended, including if the tumor is inoperable.

Prognosis and survival

At stages 1-2, the prognosis is relatively favorable and the survival rate of patients reaches 70-95% (depending on age and the presence of concomitant diseases). If oropharyngeal cancer is diagnosed at stages 3-4, the survival rate ranges from 20% to 60% when combined treatment is taken into account.

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Diagnosed: oropharyngeal cancer stage 3 t2 n1 MO, condition after CLT, class gr 2. My husband has cancer, what to expect?

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The information on this site is provided for informational purposes only! It is not recommended to use the described methods and recipes for the treatment of cancer on your own and without consulting a doctor!

mouth Back in 1655, a wealthy Dutch shopkeeper from Delft decided that he had enough time and money to do what he loved - to create microscopes and study the microcosm with their help. Antonio Leeuwenhoek - that was the name of the Delft merchant - is considered the founder of microscopy. It was to him that the discovery of the infusoria of the shoe belongs, it was he who first described blood cells and a variety of forms of bacteria.

But then, back in the 17th century, he was incredibly surprised when he first discovered microscopic "animals" in pepper broth. And he was completely shocked by the discovery that hundreds of such animals live in his mouth.

Since the time of Antonio Leeuwenhoek, science has made a tremendous leap forward, including microbiology. Now it is difficult to surprise someone with the message that thousands of microorganisms live in his mouth. But does every patient think about the harm these microorganisms bring to health?

Meanwhile, we know that infectious and inflammatory diseases of the oral cavity and pharynx (pharyngitis, glossitis, stomatitis and gingivitis) are among the most common reasons for patients to visit district physicians, family doctors and otorhinolaryngologists, which indicates the widespread prevalence of this problem.

The main cause of the development of inflammatory processes of the upper respiratory tract (pharyngitis, rhinitis, tonsillitis, etc.) is a viral infection (rhinovirus, adenovirus, coronavirus, parainfluenza, influenza, etc.).

When the oropharynx is affected, adenoviral and rhinovirus infections are more common than others. The body reacts to the introduction of an infectious agent and violation of the integrity of the mucous membranes by the development of an inflammatory process, in which a number of protective mechanisms are activated: changes in the permeability of the vascular wall, increased blood flow, increased activity of macrophages and polymorphonuclear cellular elements, release of inflammatory mediators, free oxygen radicals. Macrophages play a major role in the defense mechanism, causing an increase in the level of T-lymphocytes through the release of cytokines. Various diseases accompanied by a decrease in local and general body resistance (primary and acquired immunodeficiency states, cystic fibrosis, endocrine diseases, etc.). Local hypothermia of the oropharynx with cold food, drinks or cold air, as well as exposure to various irritating agents (tobacco or other smoke with systematic exposure, dustiness of the air, the presence of irritating chemicals in the air) can lead to a decrease in local immunity. With inflammation of the paranasal sinuses, infected secretions can enter the pharynx and stimulate infectious inflammatory processes in it.

With a decrease in immunity, the so-called "transient flora" can acquire the status of "pathogenic". The "transient flora" includes streptococci, staphylococci, pneumococci, gram-negative diplococci and other microflora, usually sown in the norm and in a healthy person.

Pharyngitis

Pharyngitis is divided into acute and chronic. Acute pharyngitis is an infectious inflammation of the mucous membrane of the oropharynx and palatine tonsils. With favorable development, acute pharyngitis may resolve spontaneously, without medical intervention. But most often, acute pharyngitis is accompanied by the development of inflammatory, and sometimes purulent processes in adjacent tissues. The main complaints of patients with acute lesions of the mucous membrane of the oropharynx are unpleasant sensations - burning, tingling, dryness, pain when swallowing; headache localized in the occipital region. Children often have shortness of breath and nasality. In adults, this disease occurs without a sharp deterioration in the general condition, and in children it can occur with a sharp increase in temperature up to 39 ° C. Especially in cases where inflammation spreads to the larynx and trachea. Acute pharyngitis is characterized by an increase and soreness of the cervical and occipital lymph nodes. Examination of the patient reveals hyperemia of the posterior pharyngeal wall and palatine arches, separate inflamed lymphoid granules, but there are no signs of inflammation of the palatine tonsils characteristic of tonsillitis.

Chronic pharyngitis, in contrast to acute, as a rule, is bacterial in nature, less often fungal. This is a polyetiological disease characterized by the presence of inflammatory and degenerative changes in the pharyngeal mucosa. Chronic pharyngitis is characterized by complaints of dryness, perspiration, soreness and sensation of a foreign body in the throat, often a dry cough and the formation of viscous sputum, fever. A significant deterioration in the general condition is rare in patients with chronic pharyngitis. When making a diagnosis, the pharyngoscope picture is taken into account. The development of chronic pharyngitis is associated with the harmful effects of such irritating factors as alcohol, nicotine, spicy food, carbonated drinks, various adverse industrial and climatic influences. The formation of the disease is facilitated by pathological conditions of the nasal cavity, leading to a violation of nasal breathing - curvature of the nasal septum, vasomotor and hypertrophic rhinitis, nasal polyposis, adenoids. The cause of chronic pharyngitis can be recurrent infections of the respiratory tract, leading to persistent damage to the mucociliary barrier and significant inhibition of the mechanisms of local and general immunity. Atrophic pharyngitis is a consequence of progressive atrophy of the pharyngeal mucosa in the elderly.

gingivitis and periodontitis

Imbalance in the oral defense system can cause inflammation of the gum mucosa - gingivitis. When inflammation spreads from the gingival margin to the tissues surrounding the teeth, gingivitis turns into periodontitis, which can later lead to inflammation of the bone tissue, loosening and loss of the tooth. In patients older than 15 years, in 50% of cases, the cause of tooth loss is periodontal disease. In gingivitis, the gum becomes inflamed, swelling occurs, its contour changes. Due to edema, the gingival sulcus between the tooth deepens, and the so-called gingival pocket is formed. As a result, there is reddening of the gingival margin, swelling and bleeding of the gums, it becomes sensitive and painful, there are difficulties in chewing and swallowing. Gingivitis can be either acute or chronic. Chronic gingivitis is more common in adults.

Stomatitis

Infectious and inflammatory diseases of the oral cavity include stomatitis - inflammation of the oral mucosa. According to the clinical manifestation, stomatitis is divided into catarrhal, ulcerative and aphthous. The most common cause of stomatitis is non-compliance with oral hygiene, dental disease, dental plaque, oral dysbacteriosis, as well as gastrointestinal diseases (gastritis, duodenitis, colitis, etc.). Aphthous stomatitis is characterized by a connection with allergic reactions, viral infections, rheumatism. Depending on the severity and form of the disease, patients complain of pain in the oral cavity and pharynx, severe pain during chewing, swallowing articulation. Sometimes there is an increase in body temperature up to 37.5 ° C, an increase in regional lymph nodes, malaise, headache. On examination, defects in the mucous membrane of the oral cavity and tongue are determined.

Treatment: general principles

Therapeutic tactics for infectious and inflammatory diseases of the mucous membrane of the oral cavity and pharynx includes the appointment of drugs with anti-inflammatory, analgesic, immunocorrective effects, local antiseptics, decongestants and hyposensitizing drugs. In the complex of therapeutic measures, an important role belongs to drugs that have a combined effect.

What exactly is the treatment?

So, a specialist treating a patient with an inflammatory disease of the oral cavity and pharynx has the main mission: choosing the most effective drug. It is on this choice that the speed and effectiveness of the therapy depends.

Scientific reference

Causes of inflammation of the oral cavity

1. Traumatic inflammation. Trauma can be mechanical, chemical or physical, acute or long term.
2. Infectious inflammatory processes (viral, bacterial, fungal infections).
3. Allergic reactions, accompanied by swelling and inflammation of the oral mucosa.
4. Inflammation of the mucosa in systemic diseases: hypo- and beriberi, endocrine diseases, diseases of the blood system, diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, etc.

HEXETIDINE

Broad-spectrum antiseptic against gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms. Bactericide for anaerobic bacteria. Bacteriostatic for most strains of bacteria at a concentration of 100 mg / ml. Fungicide against fungi of the genus Blastomycetes, Trichophyton, Histoplasma, Microsporum. It inhibits the growth and reproduction of more than 40 strains of fungi of the genus Candida. Weak analgesic.

The undeniable advantage of hexetidine, in addition to a wide spectrum of action, is a high degree of adhesion on the mucous membrane of the oropharynx. At the same time, in the absence of absorption, hexetidine has a lasting effect (active concentrations of hexetidine on mucous membranes persist for 10-14 hours after a single application).

CHOLINE SALICYLATE

A powerful analgesic and antipyretic, a derivative of salicylic acid. It blocks the enzymes COX-1 and COX-2, inhibits the synthesis of prostaglandins, due to which it has a powerful anti-inflammatory effect. It inhibits the activation of macrophages and neutrophils, showing anti-edematous action. It has an antipyretic and analgesic effect. It is indispensable in the treatment of diseases of the oropharynx, accompanied by an increase in local temperature, severe inflammation, swelling and soreness. It is well absorbed from mucous membranes, has a fast effect.

CHLOROBUTANOL

A fast-acting local anesthetic, a reliable tool in the arsenal of dentists and otorhinolaryngologists. It has additional properties: antibacterial and antifungal effects. Helps to enhance the analgesic effect in combination with hexetidine and choline salicylate.

An “ideal” composition means should provide:

1. Antibacterial and antiviral effect.
2. Anti-inflammatory effect.
3. analgesic effect.