Laser in dentistry contraindications. Laser dentistry - description of the procedure, indications and contraindications. Expensive but effective

The use of a laser in dentistry is due to its safe and functional characteristics. It has a directed action, has a devastating effect on pathologically altered areas. At the same time, healthy tissues located close to the damaged area are not affected.

Laser beams have a soft effect. When treating a pathological focus, the blood vessels are sealed, as it were, which helps to avoid bleeding. Therefore, laser treatment is relevant benign neoplasms oral cavity or dental cysts.

AT dental practice diode devices are more popular, as well as an argon or erbium laser. The choice of apparatus for treatment is determined by the specific case of a dental problem.

The technique is used for almost all problems in the oral cavity:

  • The beam independently determines the affected areas. High accuracy allows you to identify the most minimal damage to teeth by caries. The effectiveness of the impact has been proven even in the case of very complex lesions, difficult to treat with conventional bur. If laser treatment of a tooth cyst is performed, then positive result from such exposure is much more likely than with conventional therapy.
  • The risk of re-formation of the carious process practically disappears. Laser radiation allows you to 100% remove all pathogenic microflora and fully prepare carious cavity to filling.
  • After such processing, the material is fixed the best way, there are no air pores, which ensures good adhesion of the filling and minimizes the risk of caries recurrence.
  • The laser can even be used to harden filling material. After processing, the polymerization of the seal occurs within 20 seconds. This eliminates the effect of liquid on it, which in turn ensures secure fixation material in the future.
  • The effectiveness of removing tartar with a laser is the highest. The procedure is painless and fast. Most importantly, the tartar exfoliates without injuring the soft tissues of the gums.
  • Devices for laser therapy today have been successfully used in the treatment of periodontal diseases. Desired result achieved in short period time with such severe problems as periodontitis. In this case, pathological soft tissues literally evaporate under the influence of a light flux, negative microflora is quickly destroyed, and after treatment, accelerated regeneration and restoration of the soft tissues of the alveolar process.

Pros and cons of the technique

laser treatment teeth has a number of advantages. Such advantages make the procedure more effective than other methods of treating teeth and soft tissues of the oral cavity.

Main advantages laser technique are:

  • painless effect. There is no discomfort during the procedure. Heating of the treated areas is excluded, which allows therapy even with deep defeat as well as in childhood.
  • High antiseptic effect. The laser beam completely destroys all pathogenic microbes and bacteria in the area that is being treated.
  • The technique is completely non-contact. This eliminates the possibility of additional infection of wound surfaces.
  • No bleeding during the procedure.
  • There are no side effects. This is ensured due to the high precision of exposure and absolute sterility of the operation.
  • The absence of a psychological component. During the operation of the laser, there is no noise, no smell of processed hard and soft tissues. In this regard, laser treatment of a child's teeth will be the best option.

All the advantages of the technique are, of course, exceptional. But there are several drawbacks to laser exposure. First of all, it is the high cost of treatment. It directly depends on the cost of equipment, staff training and the need for instrument maintenance. Concerning laser therapy not used in all clinics.

Light radiation from any device is dangerous for the retina. Therefore, the doctor uses special protective glasses. This moment can affect the quality of the laser treatment. The dentist may simply lose sight of the altered areas of dental tissues. In addition, with prolonged exposure to the pathological focus, overheating may occur, which will directly affect the further fixation of the filling material. It is possible to adjust the power of the laser flow only on expensive devices.

Indications and contraindications for laser treatment

This method of therapeutic action opens up new possibilities in dental practice. Today, improvements are being made to devices and methods of exposure to various diseases oral cavity. But despite the uniqueness of the laser technique, it is not always possible to use it.

Light technology has high efficiency in the following cases:

  • Treatment of the carisogenic process. Affected areas of enamel and dentin are removed without negative impact on the health of the area.
  • elimination bad smell from the oral cavity, is achieved due to the complete destruction of pathogenic bacteria.
  • Treatment of pulpitis and periodontitis. The laser flow in this case is used for root canal treatment.
  • Strengthening gums. Periodontal irradiation is used to create local immunity.
  • Removal various neoplasms on the soft tissues in the oral cavity.
  • Teeth whitening.
  • Impact on cystic formation. Treatment of a tooth cyst with a laser gives additional features effective treatment of root canals and suppression of the pathological focus.
  • Withdrawal hypersensitivity hard tissues.
  • Use during dental implantation.

Laser treatment of teeth and the entire oral cavity is allowed during pregnancy, in children early age, patients with high pain sensitivity as well as the elderly and senile.

Contraindications for laser treatment are the following conditions:

  • severe diseases of the cardiovascular system;
  • lung pathologies associated with dangerous infectious diseases and functional disorders breathing;
  • decreased blood clotting;
  • disruption of the endocrine system;
  • malignant neoplasms not only in the oral cavity, but also in the body as a whole;
  • neuropsychiatric disorders;
  • high sensitivity of enamel;
  • recovery period after any surgery.

Laser dental treatment for children

Children are a special contingent of patients at the dentist. Every child is afraid of the sight of buzzing machines and medical instruments. Treatment of a child's teeth with a laser helps to rid him of formed phobias and speed up the procedure.

The result of such exposure lasts much longer than after preparation with a conventional drill. This is especially true in the treatment of milk teeth, which in most susceptible to caries.

The laser in pediatric dentistry is used in the following cases:

  • treatment of the carisogenic process;
  • teeth whitening;
  • correction of the natural frenulum of the oral cavity;
  • treatment of pulpitis;
  • treatment of periodontal pockets;
  • removal of neoplasms;
  • sterilization of root canals;
  • treatment of diseases of the oral mucosa.

When using a laser, children do not need additional anesthesia. After processing, even on the enamel of milk teeth, no traces remain. The procedure has a point effect, it is bloodless and does not cause discomfort The child has. Treating children's teeth in this way is easier both physically and mentally. psychologically not only to the dentist, but also to the parents of the baby.

Today it is clear even for a non-professional that laser treatment is the future. In dentistry, this is especially true, given all the advantages of the procedure. Very soon, the sound of a whirring machine will become a thing of the past, and a visit to the dentist will become more pleasant.

Useful video about laser treatment

The first ruby ​​laser was developed in 1960, and many others have since been created. Since the advent of lasers, dentists have begun to explore their potential. In 1965, Stern and Sognnaes reported that the ruby ​​laser could vaporize enamel. The thermal effect of continuous wave lasers at that time damaged the pulp. Lasers with different length waves have been studied over the following decades to determine whether they can be used on hard and soft oral tissues.

Practitioners and researchers have been trying for a long time to create the necessary mode of using CO 2 and Nd:YAG soft tissue lasers in medicine. And only in 1990 the first pulsed Nd:YAG laser was created, designed specifically for dentistry. In 1997, the first true dental hard tissue laser, the Er:YAG laser, followed a year later by the Er and Cr:YSGG lasers.

Diode lasers based on semiconductors appeared in the late 1990s. And also recently CO 2 laser was approved for use on hard tissues of the tooth.

CO2 laser - carbon dioxide laser (CO 2 laser) - one of the first types of gas lasers (invented in 1964). One of the most powerful continuous-wave lasers at the beginning of the 21st century. Their efficiency can reach 20%. Wavelength 10600 nm, has good absorption in water and moderate absorption in hydroxyapatite. Its use on hard tissues potentially dangerous due to possible overheating of enamel and bone. Such a laser has good surgical properties, but there is a problem of delivering radiation to tissues. Currently, CO 2 systems are gradually giving way to other lasers in surgery.

Helium neon laser- a laser whose active medium is a mixture of helium and neon. Helium-neon lasers are often used in laboratory experiments and optics. It has an operating wavelength of 632.8 nm, located in the red part of the visible spectrum. Its radiation penetrates well into tissues and has a photostimulating effect, as a result of which it finds its application in physiotherapy. These lasers are the only ones that are commercially available and can be used by patients themselves.

excimer laser- a kind of ultraviolet gas laser, widely used in eye surgery and semiconductor manufacturing. Excimer XeF wavelength (xenon-fluoride)— 351 nm, XeCl (xenon-chlorine) — 308 nm, KrF (krypton-fluoride) - 248 nm and ArF (argon-fluoride) - 193 nm.Argon-fluoride and krypton-fluoride are well absorbed by water and hydroxyapatite.

Argon laser - a continuous gas laser that is capable of emitting light with different wavelengths of blue(488 nm) and green (514 nm) ranges. It is well absorbed by melanin and hemoglobin. The wavelength of 488nm is the same as that of the polymer and for ation lamps. At the same time, the speed and degree of polymerization of light-cured materials by a laser is much higher than similar indicators when using conventional lamps. But it must be remembered that the acceleration of polymerization leads to an increase in the degree of stress in the composite. When using an argon laser in surgery, excellent hemostasis is achieved.

Titanyl Potassium Phosphate Laser (KTP) is a diode-pumped solid-state laser emitting light at a wavelength of 532 nm (green range).The application is similar to the argon laser.

diode laser - a semiconductor laser built on the basis of a diode. His work is based on the occurrence of population inversion in the region p-n junction upon injection of charge carriers. It emits infrared radiation with a wavelength of 812 and 980 nm. It is well absorbed by pigmented tissue, has a good hemostatic effect, has anti-inflammatory and repair-stimulating effects. The radiation is delivered through a flexible quartz-polymer light guide, which simplifies the surgeon's work in hard-to-reach areas. The laser device has compact dimensions and is easy to use and maintain. On the this moment this is the most affordable laser device in terms of price / functionality.

neodymium laser - a laser that generates optical radiation due to quantum transitions between the energy states of trivalent Nd ions 3+ placed in a condensed medium (matrix), for example, dielectric crystals and glasses, semiconductors, metal, organic or inorganic liquids.Wavelength 1064 nm. X well absorbed by pigmented tissue ew and worse in water. In the past it was most common in dentistry. It can work in pulsed and continuous modes. Delivery of radiation is carried out through a flexible light guide.

Erbium laser - a laser whose active medium and, possibly, its resonator are elements of an optical fiber. Dwavelength 2940 nm. Aterbium-chromium laser - 2780 nm. Its radiation is well absorbed by water and hydroxyapatite. The most promising laser in dentistry, can be used to work on hard tooth tissues. Delivery of radiation is carried out through a flexible light guide. Indications for the use of a laser almost completely repeat the list of diseases that a dentist has to deal with in his work. The most common indications include:

  • (preparation of hard tissues);
  • Sterilization root canal, impact on the apical focus of infection;
  • Pulpectomy;
  • Treatment of periodontal pockets;
  • Processing (sterilization) of implants;
  • Gingivotomy and gingivoplasty;
  • frenulectomy;
  • Treatment of diseases of the oral mucosa;
  • Removal of neoplasms;
  • Preparation of soft tissues in dentistry;
  • Removal of teeth.

A detailed description of the lasers is shown in the figure.

Laser technologies have long left the pages of science fiction novels and the walls of research laboratories, having gained a strong position in various areas human activities, including medicine. Dentistry as one of the most advanced industries medical science, has included a laser in its arsenal, arming doctors with a powerful tool to combat various pathologies. The use of lasers in dentistry opens up new possibilities, allowing the dentist to offer the patient a wide range of minimally invasive and virtually painless procedures that meet the highest standards. clinical standards providing dental care.

Introduction

The word laser is an acronym for Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation. The foundations of the theory of lasers were laid by Einstein in 1917, but only 50 years later these principles were sufficiently understood, and the technology could be implemented in practice. The first laser was designed in 1960 by Maiman and had nothing to do with medicine. A ruby ​​was used as a working medium, generating a red beam of intense light. This was followed in 1961 by another crystal laser using neodymium yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:YAG). And only four years later, surgeons who worked with a scalpel began to use it in their activities. In 1964. physicists at Bell Laboratories have made a laser with carbon dioxide(CO 2) as working medium. In the same year, another gas laser was invented, which later proved to be valuable for dentistry - argon. In the same year, Goldman proposed the use of a laser in the field of dentistry, in particular, for the treatment of caries. Pulsed lasers were later used for safe work in the oral cavity. With the accumulation of practical knowledge, the anesthetic effect of this device was discovered. In 1968, the CO 2 laser was first used for soft tissue surgery.

Along with the increase in the number of laser wavelengths, indications for use in general and maxillofacial surgery. The mid-1980s saw a resurgence of interest in the use of lasers in dentistry to treat hard tissues such as enamel. In 1997, the Food and Drug Administration (USA) finally approved the well-known and now popular erbium laser (Er:YAG) for use on hard tissues.

Benefits of laser treatment

Despite the fact that lasers have been used in dentistry since the 60s of the last century, a certain prejudice of doctors has not yet been completely overcome. You can often hear from them: “Why do I need a laser? I will make a boron faster, better and without the slightest problem. Extra headache!" Of course, any work in the oral cavity can be performed on a modern dental unit. However, the use of laser technology can be described as better and more comfortable, expanding the range of possibilities, allowing the introduction of fundamentally new procedures. Let's dwell on each point in more detail.

Treatment quality: using a laser, you can clearly organize the treatment process, predicting the results and terms - this is due technical specifications and how the laser works. Interaction laser beam and target tissue gives a well-defined result. In this case, pulses equal in energy, depending on the duration, can produce different actions on the target tissue. As a result, by changing the time from one pulse to another, it is possible to obtain a variety of effects using the same energy level: pure ablation, ablation and coagulation, or only coagulation without destruction of soft tissues. Thus, by correctly selecting the parameters of duration, magnitude and repetition rate of pulses, it is possible to select an individual mode of operation for each type of tissue and type of pathology. This allows almost 100% of the laser pulse energy to be used to perform useful work, eliminating burns of surrounding tissues. Laser radiation kills pathological microflora, and the absence direct contact instrument with tissue during surgical intervention eliminates the possibility of infection of the operated organs (HIV infection, hepatitis B, etc.). When using a laser, tissues are processed only in the infected area, i.e. their surface is more physiological. As a result of the treatment, we get a large contact area, improved marginal fit and a significantly increased adhesion of the filling material, i.e. better filling.

Treatment comfort: The first and, perhaps, the most important thing for the patient is that the action of light energy is so short-lived that the effect on the nerve endings is minimal. During treatment, the patient experiences less pain, and in some cases, anesthesia can be completely abandoned. Thus, the treatment can be performed without vibration and pain. The second and important advantage is that the sound pressure generated by the laser is 20 times less than that of high-speed turbines. Therefore, the patient does not hear any frightening sounds, which is psychologically very important, especially for children - the laser "removes" from dental office the sound of a working drill. It should also be noted that the recovery phase is shorter and easier compared to traditional interventions. Fourth, it is also important that the laser saves time! Reducing the time spent on the treatment of one patient is up to 40%.

Capabilities expansion: laser provides more opportunities for the treatment of caries, preventive "laser programs" in the nursery and adult dentistry. Huge opportunities are emerging in bone and soft tissue surgery, where treatment is performed using a surgical handpiece (laser scalpel), in implantology, prosthetics, in the treatment of mucous membranes, removal of soft tissue formations, etc. A method has also been developed to detect caries using a laser, in which the laser measures the fluorescence of bacterial waste products in carious lesions located under the surface of the tooth. Studies have shown excellent diagnostic sensitivity of this method compared to the traditional one.

Diode laser in dentistry

Despite the diversity lasers used in dentistry, The most popular for a number of reasons today is the diode laser. Application history diode lasers in dentistry for quite a long time. Dentists in Europe, who have long adopted them, can no longer imagine their work without these devices. They are distinguished by a wide range of indications and a relatively low price. Diode lasers are very compact and easy to use in clinical setting. The level of safety of diode laser machines is very high, so hygienists can use them in periodontics without the risk of damaging tooth structures. Diode laser devices are reliable due to the use of electronic and optical components with a small amount moving elements. Laser radiation with a wavelength of 980 nm has a pronounced anti-inflammatory effect, bacteriostatic and bactericidal action, stimulates regeneration processes. The traditional areas of application for diode lasers are surgery, periodontology, endodontics, and the most popular are surgical manipulations. Diode lasers make it possible to perform a number of procedures that were previously performed by doctors with reluctance - due to heavy bleeding, the need for suturing and other consequences surgical interventions. This is because diode lasers emit coherent monochromatic light with a wavelength between 800 and 980 nm. This radiation is absorbed in a dark environment in the same way as in hemoglobin, which means that these lasers are effective at cutting tissues in which there are many vessels. Another advantage of using a soft tissue laser is the very small area of ​​necrosis after tissue contouring, so that the edges of the tissues remain exactly where the doctor placed them. This is a very significant aspect from an aesthetic point of view. With the help of a laser, you can contour your smile, prepare your teeth and take an impression in one visit. When using a scalpel or electrosurgical units, several weeks should elapse between tissue contouring and preparation for the incision to heal and the tissue to shrink before the final impression is taken.

Predicting the position of the incision edge is one of the main reasons why diode lasers are used in aesthetic dentistry for recontouring soft tissues. It is very popular to use a semiconductor laser for frenectomy, which is usually underdiagnosed, as many doctors do not like to perform this treatment according to standard techniques. In a conventional frenectomy, sutures must be applied after the frenulum has been cut, which can be uncomfortable in this area. In the case of laser frenectomy, there is no bleeding, no stitches are needed, healing is more comfortable. The absence of the need for suturing makes this procedure one of the fastest and easiest in the practice of a dentist. By the way, according to surveys conducted in Germany, dentists offering laser diagnostics and treatment to patients are more visited and successful...

Types of lasers used in medicine and dentistry

The use of lasers in dentistry is based on the principle of selective action on various tissues. Laser light is absorbed by a certain structural element included in the biological tissue. The absorbing substance is called a chromophore. They can be various pigments (melanin), blood, water, etc. Each type of laser is designed for a specific chromophore, its energy is calibrated based on the absorbing properties of the chromophore, as well as taking into account the field of application. In medicine, lasers are used for tissue irradiation with a preventive or therapeutic effect, sterilization, for coagulation and cutting of soft tissues (surgical lasers), as well as for high-speed preparation of hard dental tissues. There are devices that combine several types of lasers (for example, for influencing soft and hard tissues), as well as isolated devices for performing specific highly specialized tasks (lasers for teeth whitening). In medicine (including dentistry), the following types of lasers have found application:

Argon laser(wavelength 488 nm and 514 nm): radiation is well absorbed by the pigment in tissues such as melanin and hemoglobin. The wavelength of 488 nm is the same as in curing lamps. At the same time, the speed and degree of polymerization of light-cured materials by a laser is much higher. When using an argon laser in surgery, excellent hemostasis is achieved.

Nd:AG laser(neodymium, wavelength 1064 nm): radiation is well absorbed in pigmented tissue and worse in water. In the past it was most common in dentistry. It can work in pulsed and continuous modes. Delivery of radiation is carried out through a flexible light guide.

He-Ne-laser(helium-neon, wavelength 610-630 nm): its radiation penetrates well into tissues and has a photostimulating effect, as a result of which it is used in physiotherapy. These lasers are the only ones that are commercially available and can be used by patients themselves.

CO 2 laser(carbon dioxide, wavelength 10600 nm) has good absorption in water and average in hydroxyapatite. Its use on hard tissues is potentially dangerous due to the possible overheating of enamel and bone. Such a laser has good surgical properties, but there is a problem of delivering radiation to tissues. At present, CO 2 systems are gradually giving way to other lasers in surgery.

Er:YAG laser(erbium, wavelength 2940 and 2780 nm): its radiation is well absorbed by water and hydroxyapatite. The most promising laser in dentistry, can be used to work on hard tooth tissues. Delivery of radiation is carried out through a flexible light guide.

diode laser(semiconductor, wavelength 7921030 nm): radiation is well absorbed in pigmented tissue, has a good hemostatic effect, has anti-inflammatory and repair-stimulating effects. The radiation is delivered through a flexible quartz-polymer light guide, which simplifies the surgeon's work in hard-to-reach areas. The laser device has compact dimensions and is easy to use and maintain. At the moment, this is the most affordable laser device in terms of price / functionality.

Diode laser KaVo GENTLEray 980

There are many manufacturers offering laser equipment on the dental market. KaVo Dental Russland presents, along with the well-known universal laser KaVo KEY Laser 3, called the "clinic on wheels", the diode laser KaVo GENTLEray 980. This model is presented in two modifications - Classic and Premium. The KaVo GENTLEray 980 uses a wavelength of 980 nm, and the laser can operate in both continuous and pulsed modes. Its rated power is 6-7 W (at the peak up to 13 W). As an option, it is possible to use the “micropulsing light” mode at a maximum frequency of 20,000 Hz. The areas of application of this laser are numerous and, perhaps, traditional for diode systems:

Surgery: frenectomy, implant release, gingivectomy, removal granulation tissue, flap surgery. Mucosal infections: aphthae, herpes, etc.

Endodontics: pulpotomy, canal sterilization.

Prosthetics: expansion of the gingival sulcus without retraction threads.

Periodontology: decontamination of pockets, removal of marginal epithelium, removal of infected tissue, gingiva formation. Consider a clinical example of the use of KaVo GENTLEray 980 in practice - in surgery.

Clinical case

In this example, a 43-year-old patient had a fibrolipoma on the lower lip that was successfully treated surgically using a diode laser. He contacted the department surgical dentistry with complaints of pain and swelling of the mucosa lower lip in the buccal region for 8 months. Despite the fact that the risk of a traditional lipoma in the head and neck is quite high, the appearance of a fibrolipoma in the oral cavity, and especially on the lip, is rare case. To determine the causes of neoplasms, it was necessary to conduct a histological examination. As a result clinical research it was found that the neoplasm was well separated from the surrounding tissues and covered with an intact mucous membrane (Fig. 1 - fibrolipoma before treatment). In order to make a diagnosis, this mass was removed surgically under local anesthesia when using a diode laser with a 300 nm light guide and a power of 2.5 watts. Edge suturing was not necessary, as no bleeding was observed either during or after the surgical procedure (Fig. 2 - fibrolipoma 10 days after the intervention). Histological studies the tissue taken for analysis showed the presence of mature non-vacuolated fat cells surrounded by dense collagen fibers (Fig. 3 - histology). Morphological and structural changes in tissues due to the thermal effect of the diode laser were not observed. The postoperative course of treatment was calm, with a visible decrease surgical scar 10 days later and without signs of recurrence within the next 10 months.

Outcome: in the described case surgery removal of fibrolipoma of the lower lip was completed without hemorrhages, with minimal tissue damage, which allows for subsequent conservative treatment. There is also a rapid recovery of the patient. The ability to avoid visible sutures after excision is also undoubtedly a positive factor in terms of aesthetics. Conclusion: surgery benign neoplasms of the oral mucosa using a diode laser is an alternative to traditional surgery. The effectiveness of this method was confirmed by the results of the removal of lip fibrolipoma.

In medicine, including dentistry, have found application different types lasers:

  • 1. Argon laser with a wavelength of 488 nm and 514 nm (radiation is well absorbed by the pigment in tissues, such as melanin and hemoglobin hemoglobin). If there are certain good points(when using an argon laser in surgery, excellent hemostasis is achieved) there are strong disadvantages of this laser for use in medical purposes- for deep penetration into tissues, the use of energy is necessary, which can lead to the formation of a scar in the tissues of the mucous membranes. This greatly reduces the possibility of using the argon laser in dentistry, and it has now been replaced by newer and more selective lasers;
  • 2. Helium-neon laser with a wavelength of 610 - 630 nm (its radiation penetrates well into tissues and has a photostimulating effect, as a result of which it finds its application in physiotherapy). These lasers are widely used in therapy and are poorly used in dentistry due to their main disadvantage - low output power, not exceeding 100 mW;
  • 3. Neodymium (Nd:YAG) laser with a wavelength of 1064 nm (radiation is well absorbed in pigmented tissue and worse in water). In the past it was common in dentistry, but now its role in dental procedures decreases due to the price / functionality ratio - due to the limited scope of its application (suitable for soft tissue surgery, but not used for whitening teeth, removing carious lesions and treating cavities);
  • 4. Erbium (EnYAG) laser with a wavelength of 2940 and 2780 nm (its radiation is well absorbed by water). In dentistry, it is used for the preparation of hard tissues of the tooth. But the use of this laser has significant drawbacks - the methods of its application have limited opportunities and the laser cannot be used for all types of dental intervention. And also to the big disadvantages should be attributed the very high cost of the laser device and, accordingly, the rather high cost of procedures with its participation, which are necessary to pay for the laser;
  • 5. Carbon dioxide (CO2) with a wavelength of 10600 nm (has good absorption in water). Its use on hard tissues is potentially dangerous due to the possible overheating of enamel and bone. There is also the problem of delivering radiation to tissues. The impact of a CO2 laser can cause the appearance of rough scars due to the conduction of heat and heating of the surrounding tissues, and when working on hard tissues, it can also cause the effect of carbonization (charring) and melting of hard tissues. At present, CO2 lasers are gradually giving way to other lasers in surgery;
  • 6. Diode laser (semiconductor) with a wavelength of 630 - 1030 nm (radiation is well absorbed in pigmented tissue, has a good hemostatic effect, has anti-inflammatory and repair-stimulating effects). The radiation is delivered through a flexible light guide fiber, which simplifies the work of the dentist in hard-to-reach areas. The laser device has compact dimensions and is easy to use and maintain. The safety level of diode laser devices is very high. At the moment, this is the most affordable laser device in terms of price / functionality. And, despite the variety of lasers applicable in dentistry, the most popular today is the diode laser.

The use of diode lasers is based on two main

principle:

  • * alternative application of high-intensity laser radiation as a scalpel as a multidisciplinary surgical instrument;
  • * a physical factor that has a wide range biological action.

The use of laser radiation in the practice of a dentist is completely justified, cost-effective and is a worthy alternative to already existing methods therapy, as well as the prevention of dental pathologies. In addition, the use of laser technology opens up new possibilities, which allows the doctor to offer as a treatment painless procedures with minimal invasiveness, which are performed under sterile conditions and meet high clinical standards. What are the indications and advantages of using laser technologies?

What are the advantages of using laser technology in dentistry?

Previously, laser technologies were not popular due to the difficulties in operating the devices, the large dimensions of the tools, high cost. The use of laser technologies required a powerful three-phase electrical network, liquid cooling, and highly qualified personnel.

Thanks to the improvement of laser systems today, the situation has changed. Modern laser technologies have a high efficiency, which allows them to displace traditional methods treatment and prevention from all areas of dentistry.

New generation medical devices have a number of their characteristics and advantages.

Advantages of laser technologies in dentistry:

  • minimum energy consumption from a conventional single-phase network;
  • small dimensions and weight;
  • high stability of parameters;
  • high reliability and high service life;
  • The equipment does not require liquid cooling.

Features of the use of laser technology as a scalpel

Local periodontal therapy consists of complete removal of the subgingival microbiological film, existing granulations and subgingival complications. To do this, dentists must provide:

  • control causative factor- reduction of dental plaque, endotoxins and calculus;
  • gaining access to periodontal pockets;
  • obtaining a response reparative reaction of the periodontium;
  • performing the above procedures with minimal removal of dental cement and damage to the restoration surfaces.

The periodontal pocket is infected wound, requires surgical treatment, disinfection and the creation of all conditions for wound healing. For effective removal subgingival microflora, biofilm and dental plaque, as well as to improve the adhesion of fibroblasts in dentistry, laser technologies are used.

With the help of laser technologies, the contour of the gums is changed, gingivectomy and gingivoplasty are performed. Laser radiation is effective in the treatment of diseases of the oral mucosa. Using laser technology, pathologically altered tissues are removed. At the same time, adjacent tissue areas are stimulated to regenerate. For this purpose, they are used different modes impact. During procedures using laser radiation, anesthesia is not required, there is no bleeding during manipulation.

In what clinical cases is it advisable to use laser technologies?

Laser technologies are used in dental practice in such clinical situations:

  • removal of hyperplastic tissues;
  • operations to remove hemangiomas, epulida, opening an abscess;
  • frenectomy;
  • formation of a gingival groove;
  • gingivectomy, reshaping of the gums and papilla, atraumatic gingivoplasty;
  • ensuring normal homeostasis and obtaining a dry surface for impressions.

The advantages of laser radiation in dentistry allow the doctor to perform a bloodless surgical intervention, which significantly reduces the operation time. Wounds remain open for a shorter period of time, which reduces the risk of infection.

In addition, the use of laser technology is accompanied by simultaneous disinfection of tissues. After surgical intervention no sutures are required, which increases patient comfort. After interventions using laser radiation, the wounds heal quickly and are not accompanied by discomfort or swelling.

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