How to strengthen the nervous system. Exercise therapy for diseases of the nervous system

Therapeutic exercise for diseases nervous system plays an essential role in the rehabilitation of neurological patients. Treatment of the nervous system is impossible without therapeutic exercises. Exercise therapy for diseases of the nervous system has the main goal of restoring self-care skills and, if possible, complete rehabilitation.

It is important not to miss the time to create the correct new motor stereotypes: the earlier treatment is started, the easier, better and faster the compensatory-adaptive recovery of the nervous system occurs.

AT nervous tissue the number of processes of nerve cells and their branches on the periphery increases, other nerve cells are activated and new nerve connections appear to restore lost functions. Timely adequate training is important for creating the correct stereotypes of movements. So, for example, in the absence of physiotherapy exercises, a "right-brained" stroke patient - a restless fidget "learns" to walk, pulling his paralyzed left leg to his right and dragging it behind him, instead of learning to walk correctly, with each step moving his leg forward and then transferring the center of gravity of the body to it. If this happens, then it will be very difficult to retrain.

Not all patients with diseases of the nervous system can do the exercises on their own. Therefore, they cannot do without the help of their relatives. To get started, before you start therapeutic gymnastics with a patient who has paresis or paralysis, relatives should learn some techniques for moving the patient: transplanting from bed to chair, pulling up in bed, walking training, and so on. In fact, this is a safety technique to prevent excessive stress on the spine and joints of the caregiver. It is very difficult to lift a person, so all manipulations must be performed at the level of a magician in the form of " circus trick". Knowing some special techniques will greatly facilitate the process of caring for the sick and help maintain your own health.

Features of exercise therapy in diseases of the nervous system.

1). early start application of physical therapy.

2). Adequacy physical activity: physical activity is selected individually with a gradual increase and complication of tasks. A slight complication of the exercises psychologically makes the previous tasks “easy”: what previously seemed difficult, after new slightly more complex tasks, is performed more easily, with high quality, the lost movements gradually appear. It is impossible to allow overload in order to avoid deterioration of the patient's condition: motor disturbances may increase. In order for progress to occur faster, it is necessary to finish the lesson on the exercise that this patient has, to focus on this. Great importance i attach psychological preparation patient for the next task. It looks something like this: "Tomorrow we will learn to get up (walk)." The patient thinks about it all the time, there is a general mobilization of forces and a readiness for new exercises.

3). Simple exercises are combined with complex for training higher nervous activity.

four). The motor mode gradually steadily expands: lying - sitting - standing.

Therapeutic exercise for diseases of the nervous system.5). All means and methods of exercise therapy are used: therapeutic exercises, positional treatment, massage, extension therapy (mechanical straightening or stretching along the longitudinal axis of those parts of the human body that have a disturbed anatomical location (contractures)).

The main method of physical therapy for diseases of the nervous system is therapeutic exercises, the main means of exercise therapy are exercises.

Apply

Isometric exercises aimed at strengthening muscle strength;
- exercises with alternating tension and relaxation of muscle groups;
- exercises with acceleration and deceleration;
- coordination exercises;
- balance exercise;
- reflex exercises;
- ideomotor exercises (with mental sending of impulses). It is these exercises that I use for diseases of the nervous system - - - - most often in combination with Su-jok therapy.

Damage to the nervous system occurs in different levels, the neurological clinic depends on this and, accordingly, the selection of therapeutic exercises and other physiotherapeutic medical measures in the complex treatment of a particular neurological patient.

Hydrokinesitherapy - exercises in water - very effective method recovery motor functions.

Exercise therapy for diseases of the nervous system is subdivided according to the parts of the human nervous system, depending on which part of the nervous system is affected:

exercise therapy for diseases of the central nervous system;
exercise therapy for diseases of the peripheral nervous system;
exercise therapy for diseases of the somatic nervous system;
Exercise therapy for diseases of the autonomic nervous system.

Some subtleties of work with neurological patients.
In order to calculate our strength in caring for a neurological patient, we will consider some significant factors, since the care process is complex, and it is not always possible to cope alone.

State mental activity neurological patient.
The patient's experience in physical education before illness.
Availability excess weight.
Depth of damage to the nervous system.
Accompanying illnesses.

For physiotherapy exercises, the state of higher nervous activity of a neurological patient is of great importance: the ability to be aware of what is happening, to understand the task, to concentrate attention when performing exercises; volitional activity plays a role, the ability to resolutely tune in to daily painstaking work to achieve the goal of restoring the body's lost functions.

In the case of a stroke or brain injury, most often the patient partially loses the adequacy of perception and behavior. Figuratively, it can be compared with the state of a drunk person. There is a "disinhibition" of speech and behavior: the shortcomings of character, upbringing and inclination to what is "impossible" are exacerbated. Each patient has a behavioral disorder that manifests itself individually and depends on the

one). what activity the patient was engaged in before the stroke or before the brain injury: mental or physical labor (it is much easier to work with intellectuals, provided normal weight body);

2). how developed the intellect was before the disease (the more developed the intellect of a patient with a stroke, the more the ability to purposefully exercise therapy);

3). in which hemisphere of the brain did the stroke occur? "Right hemispheric" stroke patients behave actively, show emotions violently, do not hesitate to "express"; they do not want to follow the instructions of the instructor, they start walking ahead of time, as a result, they have a risk of forming incorrect motor stereotypes. “Left hemispheric” patients, on the contrary, behave inactively, do not show interest in what is happening, just lie down and do not want to engage in physiotherapy exercises. It is easier to work with "right hemisphere" patients, it is enough to find an approach to them; requires patience, delicacy and respect, determination guidelines at the level of a military general. :)

During classes, instructions should be given decisively, confidently, calmly, in short sentences, repetition of instructions is possible due to the slow perception of the patient of any information.

In the event of a loss of behavioral adequacy in a neurological patient, I have always effectively used the “cunning”: you need to talk to such a patient as if he were completely normal person, not paying attention to "insults" and other manifestations of "negativity" (unwillingness to engage, denial of treatment, and others). It is not necessary to be verbose, it is necessary to make small pauses so that the patient has time to realize the information.

In case of damage to the peripheral nervous system, flaccid paralysis or paresis develops. If at the same time there is no encephalopathy, then the patient is capable of much: he can independently exercise a little during the day several times, which undoubtedly increases the chance of restoring movements in the limb. Flaccid paresis is more difficult to respond to than spastic paresis.

* Paralysis (plegia) - complete absence voluntary movements in the limb, paresis - incomplete paralysis, weakening or partial loss of movement in the limb.

One more thing to take into account important factor: whether the patient was engaged in physical education before the disease. If physical exercises were not included in his lifestyle, then rehabilitation in case of a disease of the nervous system becomes much more complicated. If a this patient exercised regularly, the recovery of the nervous system will be easier and faster. Physical work at work does not apply to physical education and does not bring benefits to the body, as it is the exploitation of one's own body as a tool for doing work; he does not add health due to the lack of dosing of physical activity and control of well-being. Physical labor is usually monotonous, so there is wear and tear of the body in accordance with the profession. (So, for example, a painter-plasterer “earns” humeroscapular periarthrosis, a loader - osteochondrosis of the spine, a massage therapist - osteochondrosis of the cervical spine, varicose veins of the lower extremities and flat feet, and so on).

For home exercise therapy for diseases of the nervous system, you will need ingenuity to select and gradually complicate exercises, patience, regularity of daily exercises several times during the day. It will be much better if in the family the burden of caring for the sick is distributed to all family members. The house should be in order, cleanliness and fresh air.

It is desirable to put the bed so that it has access from the right and left sides. It should be wide enough to allow the patient to be rolled from side to side when changing bed linen and changing body position. If the bed is narrow, then each time you have to pull the patient to the center of the bed so that he does not fall. You will need additional pillows and rollers to create a physiological position of the limbs in the supine and supine position, a splint for a paralyzed arm to prevent contracture of the flexor muscles, a regular chair with a back, a large mirror so that the patient can see and control his movements (especially the mirror necessary in the treatment of neuritis facial nerve).

There should be room on the floor for lying down exercises. Sometimes you need to make handrails for support with your hands in the toilet, in the bathroom, in the corridor. To practice therapeutic exercises with a neurological patient, you will need a Swedish wall, a gymnastic stick, elastic bandages, balls of different sizes, skittles, a roller foot massager, chairs different heights, step bench for fitness and much more.

Nervous system manages the activity of various organs and systems that make up an integral organism, carries out its connection with the external environment, and also coordinates the processes occurring in the body depending on the state of the external and internal environment. It coordinates blood circulation, lymph flow, metabolic processes which, in turn, affect the state and activity of the nervous system.

The human nervous system is conditionally divided into central and peripheral (Fig. 121). In all organs and tissues, nerve fibers form sensory and motor nerve endings. The first, or receptors, provide the perception of irritation from the external or internal environment and convert the energy of stimuli (mechanical, chemical, thermal, light, sound, etc.) in the process of excitation, which is transmitted to the central nervous system. Motor nerve endings transmit excitation from the nerve fiber to the innervated organ.

Rice. 121. Central and peripheral nervous system.

A: 1 - phrenic nerve;2 - brachial plexus;3 - intercostal nerves;4 - axillary nerve;5 - musculocutaneous nerve;6 - radial nerve;7 - median nerve;8 - ulnar nerve;9 - lumbar plexus;10 - sacral plexus;11 - pudendal and coccygeal plexus;12 - sciatic nerve;13 - peroneal nerve;14 - tibial nerve;15 - brain;16 - external cutaneous nerve of the thigh;17 - lateral dorsal cutaneous nerve;18 - tibial nerve.

B - segments spinal cord.

B - spinal cord:1 - white matter;2 - gray

substance;3 - spinal canal;4 - front horn;5 -

rear horn;6 - front roots;7 - back roots;8 -

spinal node;9 - spinal nerve.

G: 1 - spinal cord;2 - anterior branch of the spinal nerve;3 - posterior branch of the spinal nerve;4 - anterior root of the spinal nerve;5 - back spine spinal nerve;6 - rear horn;7 - front horn;8 - spinal node;9 - spinal nerve;10 - motor nerve cell;11 - spinal node;12 - terminal thread;13 - muscle fibers;14 - sensitive nerve;15 - the end of the sensory nerve,16 - brain

It is known that higher motor centers are located in the so-called motor zone of the cerebral cortex - in the anterior central gyrus and adjacent areas. Nerve fibers from the indicated region of the cerebral cortex pass through the inner capsule, the subcortical regions and at the border of the brain and spinal cord make an incomplete decussation with the transition of most of them to the opposite side. Therefore, in diseases of the brain, motor disorders are observed on the opposite side: when the right hemisphere of the brain is damaged, the left half of the body is paralyzed, and vice versa. Further, the nerve fibers descend as part of the bundles of the spinal cord, approaching the motor cells, motoneurons of the anterior horns of the spinal cord. Motor neurons that regulate the movements of the upper limbs lie in the cervical thickening of the spinal cord (level V-VIII of the cervical and I-II thoracic segments), and the lower limbs - in the lumbar ( level I-V lumbar and I-II sacral segments). The fibers coming from the nerve cells of the nuclei of the base nodes - the subcortical motor centers of the brain, from the reticular formation of the brain stem and cerebellum - are sent to the same spinal motor neurons. Thanks to this, the regulation of coordination of movements is ensured, involuntary (automated) movements are carried out and voluntary movements are prepared. Fibers of the motor cells of the anterior horns of the spinal cord, which are part of nerve plexuses and peripheral nerves, end in the muscles (Fig. 122).

Rice. 122. Dermatome boundaries and segmental innervation(A, B), muscles

human(B), transverse section of the spinal cord(G).

A: C 1-8 - cervical;T 1-12 - chest;L1-5 - lumbar;S 1-5 - sacral.

B: 1 - cervical knot;2 - median cervical node;3 -

lower cervical node;4 - border sympathetic trunk;

5 - cerebral cone;6 - terminal (terminal) thread

meninges;7 - lower sacral node

sympathetic trunk.

B (front view):1 - frontal muscle;2 - chewing

muscle; 3 - sternocleidomastoid muscle;4 -

pectoralis major;5 - the latissimus dorsi muscle;6 -

serratus anterior;7 - white line;8 - seed

cord;9 - flexor thumb brushes;10 -

quadriceps femoris;11 - long fibula

muscle;12 - anterior tibialis muscle;13 - long

extensor of fingers;14 - short muscles rear of the foot;15 -

facial muscles;16 - subcutaneous muscle of the neck;

17 - collarbone;18 - deltoid muscle;19 - sternum;20 - biceps muscle of the shoulder;21 - rectus abdominis;22 - muscles of the forearm;23 - umbilical ring;24 - worm-like muscles;25 - wide fascia of the thigh;26 - adductor muscle of the thigh;27 - tailor muscle;28 - extensor tendon retainer;29 - long extensor of the fingers;30 - external oblique muscle of the abdomen.

B (back view):1 - belt muscle of the head;2 - the latissimus dorsi muscle; 3 - ulnar extensor of the wrist;4 - extensor of the fingers;5 - muscles of the rear of the hand;6 - tendon helmet;7 - external occipital protrusion;8 - trapezius muscle;9 - spine of the scapula;10 - deltoid muscle;11 - rhomboid muscle;12 - triceps muscle of the shoulder;13 - medial epicondyle;14 - long radial extensor of the wrist;15 - chest-lumbar fascia;16 - gluteal muscles;17 - muscles of the palmar surface of the hand;18 - semimembranous muscle;19 - biceps;20 - calf muscle;21 - Achilles (heel) tendon

Any motor act occurs when an impulse is transmitted along the nerve fibers from the cerebral cortex to the anterior horns of the spinal cord and further to the muscles (see Fig. 220). In diseases (injuries of the spinal cord) of the nervous system, the conduction of nerve impulses becomes difficult, and a violation of the motor function of the muscles occurs. Complete loss of muscle function is called paralysis (plegia), and the partial paresis.

According to the prevalence of paralysis, there are: monoplegia(lack of movement in one limb - arm or leg), hemiplegia(damage to the upper and lower limbs of one side of the body: right-sided or left-sided hemiplegia), paraplegia(impaired movement in both lower limbs is called lower paraplegia, in the upper - upper paraplegia) and tetraplegia (paralysis of all four limbs). When peripheral nerves are damaged, paresis in the zone of their innervation, called the corresponding nerve (for example, paresis of the facial nerve, paresis of the radial nerve, etc.) (Fig. 123).

Rice. 123. Nerves upper limb; 1 - radial nerve;2 - skin-

muscular nerve;3 - median nerve;4 - ulnar nerve.I - brush with damage to the radial nerve.II - brush with damage to the median nerve.III - hand with damage to the ulnar nerve

Depending on the localization of the lesion of the nervous system, peripheral or central paralysis (paresis) occurs.

With the defeat of the motor cells of the anterior horns of the spinal cord, as well as the fibers of these cells, which are part of the nerve plexuses and peripheral nerves, a picture of peripheral (sluggish), paralysis develops, which is characterized by a predominance of symptoms of neuromuscular prolapse: limitation or absence of voluntary movements, a decrease in muscle strength, decreased muscle tone(hypotension), tendon, periosteal and skin reflexes (hyporeflexia) or their complete absence. Often there is also a decrease in sensitivity and trophic disorders, in particular muscle atrophy.

For correct definition severity of paresis, and in lung cases paresis - sometimes for its detection, a quantitative assessment of the state of individual motor functions is important: muscle tone and strength, volume of active movements. Available methods allow comparison and effective control of results rehabilitation treatment in clinic and hospital settings.

To study muscle tone, a tonometer is used, muscle strength is measured with a hand dynamometer, the volume of active movements is measured with a goniometer (in degrees).

In violation of cortical-subcortical connections with the reticular formation brain stem or damage to the descending motor pathways in the spinal cord and, as a result, the activation of the function of the spinal motor neurons as a result of a disease or injury of the brain, a syndrome of the central spastic paralysis. For him, in contrast to the peripheral and central "flaccid" paralysis, it is characterized by an increase in tendon and periosteal reflexes (hyperflexia), the appearance of pathological reflexes, the occurrence of the same movements when trying to voluntarily act on a healthy or paralyzed limb (for example, abduction of the shoulder outward when bending the forearm of the paretic hands or clenching a paralyzed hand into a fist with a similar voluntary movement of a healthy hand).

One of the most important symptoms of central paralysis is a pronounced increase in muscle tone (muscle hypertension), which is why such paralysis is often called spastic. For most patients with central paralysis due to brain disease or injury, the Wernicke-Mann posture is characteristic: the shoulder is brought (pressed) to the body, the hand and forearm are bent, the hand is turned palm down, and the leg is extended at the hip and knee joints and bent at the foot. This reflects a predominant increase in the tone of the flexor and pronator muscles in the upper limb and extensor muscles in the lower.

With injuries and diseases of the nervous system, disorders occur that sharply reduce the efficiency of patients, often lead to the development of secondary paralytic deformities and contractures that adversely affect the musculoskeletal function. Common to all injuries and diseases of the nervous system are limitation of the range of motion, decreased muscle tone, vegetotrophic disorders, etc.

A deep understanding of the mechanisms of the pathology of the nervous system is the key to the success of rehabilitation measures. So, with discogenic radiculitis, nerve fibers are infringed, causing pain, with a stroke, certain areas of motor nerve cells cease to function, so adaptation mechanisms play an important role.

In rehabilitation, compensatory-adaptive reactions of the body are important, which are characterized by the following common features: normal physiological functions of organs and tissues (their functions); adaptation of the organism to the environment, provided by the restructuring of vital activity due to the strengthening of some and the simultaneous weakening of other functions; they develop on a single, stereotyped material basis in the form of continuous variation in the intensity of renewal and hyperplasia of the cellular composition of tissues and intracellular structures; compensatory-adaptive reactions are often accompanied by the appearance of peculiar tissue (morphological) changes.

The development of regenerative processes in the nervous tissue occurs under the influence of preserved functions, that is, the nervous tissue is being restructured, the number of processes of nerve cells and their branches on the periphery changes; there is also a restructuring of synaptic connections and compensation after the death of part of the nerve cells.

The process of restoration of the nervous system occurs in nerve cells, nerve fibers and in structural elements tissues due to (or due to) restoration of permeability and excitability of membranes, normalization of intracellular redox processes and activation of enzyme systems, which leads to restoration of conductivity along nerve fibers and synapses.

The rehabilitation regimen should be adequate to the severity of the disease, which is assessed by the degree of impairment of adaptive activity. The level of damage to the central nervous system and peripheral nervous system is taken into account. Factors such as the ability to move independently, serve oneself (perform housework, eat without the help of others, etc.) and the family, communicate with others are important, the adequacy of behavior, the ability to control physiological functions, as well as the effectiveness of training are assessed.

A comprehensive rehabilitation system includes the use of exercise therapy, hydrokinesitherapy, various types of massage, occupational therapy, physiotherapy, spa treatment, etc. In each individual case, the combination and sequence of the use of certain rehabilitation means is determined.

In case of severe diseases (injuries) of the nervous system, rehabilitation is aimed at improving the general condition of patients, raising emotional tone and their formation right attitude to the prescribed treatment and environment: psychotherapy, symptomatic drug therapy, occupational therapy, music therapy, massage in combination with therapeutic exercises, etc.

Exercise therapy in neurology has a number of rules, the observance of which makes this method the most effective: early use of exercise therapy; the use of its means and techniques to restore temporarily impaired functions or to maximize compensation for those lost; selection of special exercises in combination with general developmental, general strengthening exercises and massage; strict individuality of exercise therapy, depending on the diagnosis, age and gender of the patient; active and steady expansion of the motor mode from the lying position to the transition to the sitting position, standing, etc.

Special exercises can be conditionally divided into the following groups:

exercises that increase joint range of motion and muscle strength;

exercises aimed at restoring and improving coordination of movements;

antispastic and antirigid exercises;

ideomotor exercises (sending a mental impulse to a trained muscle group);

a group of exercises aimed at restoring or forming motor skills (standing, walking, manipulations with simple but important household objects: clothes, dishes, etc.);

passive exercises and exercises for stretching connective tissue formations, treatment with position, etc.

All of the above groups of exercises are combined in various combinations and depend on the nature and extent of the motor defect, the stage of rehabilitation, the age and gender of the patient.

Rehabilitation of neurological patients requires long-term training compensatory mechanisms(walking with crutches, self-care, etc.) to provide sufficient compensation for lost or impaired functions. However, at a certain stage (stages), the recovery process slows down, that is, stabilization occurs. The success of rehabilitation is different for a particular pathology. So, with osteochondrosis of the spine or lumbosacral sciatica, it is higher than with multiple sclerosis or vascular diseases.

Rehabilitation largely depends on the patient himself, on how diligently he fulfills the program prescribed by the rehabilitation doctor or exercise therapy methodologist, helps to adjust it depending on his functionality and finally, whether he continues recovery exercises after the completion of the rehabilitation period.

Brain injury (concussion)

All brain injuries are characterized by increased intracranial pressure, violation of hemo- and liquor circulation with subsequent violation of cortical-subcortical neurodynamics with macro- and microscopic changes cellular elements brain. A concussion of the brain leads to headaches, dizziness, functional and persistent autonomic disorders.

In case of violations of motor functions for the prevention of contractures, exercise therapy is prescribed (passive, then passive-active movements, treatment with position, muscle stretching exercises, etc.), massage of the back and paralyzed limbs (first massage the legs, then the arms, starting from the proximal sections), and also affect the biologically active points (BAP) of the limbs.

With mild and medium degree concussion massage should be carried out from the second or third day after the injury in the patient's sitting position. First, the back of the head, neck, shoulder girdle are massaged, then the back to the lower corners of the shoulder blades, using stroking, rubbing, shallow kneading and light vibration. Finish the procedure by stroking from the scalp to the muscles of the shoulder girdle. The duration of the massage is 5-10 minutes. Course 8-10 procedures.

In the first 3-5 days, with mild to moderate concussion, cryomassage of the occipital region and muscles of the shoulder girdle is also used. The duration of the massage is 3-5 minutes. Course 8-10 procedures.

Injuries of the spine and spinal cord

Sometimes a spinal injury occurs in a position of hyperlordosis, and then a rupture of an intact intervertebral disc can occur.

The cervical spine is especially often injured when jumping into a shallow body of water, when, after hitting the head against the bottom, a traumatic prolapse of an intact intervertebral disc occurs, causing tritraplegia. Degenerative changes inevitably lead to hernia intervertebral discs, which in itself is not a cause for complaint, but due to injury arises radicular syndrome.

When the spinal cord is damaged, flaccid paralysis occurs, which is characterized by muscle atrophy, the impossibility of voluntary movements, the absence of reflexes, etc. Each muscle is innervated from several segments of the spinal cord (see Fig. 96), therefore, with injuries or diseases, there can be not only paralysis, but also muscle paresis of varying severity, depending on the prevalence of lesions in the anterior horns of the gray matter of the spinal cord.

The clinical course of the disease depends on the degree of damage to the spinal cord and its roots (see Fig. 122). So, with injuries of the upper cervical spine, spastic tetraparesis of the extremities occurs. With lower cervical and upper thoracic localization (C 6 -T 4), flaccid paresis of the arms and spastic paresis of the legs occurs, with thoracic localization - paresis of the legs. With the defeat of the lower thoracic and lumbar segments of the spine, flaccid paralysis of the legs develops. The cause of flaccid paralysis can also be damage to the spinal cord with closed fractures of the spine and its injuries.

Prevention of the development of joint contractures by means of massage, exercise therapy, stretching exercises, physio- and hydrotherapy, hydrokinesitherapy is the main task for paralysis of any origin. In water, the possibility of active movements is facilitated and the fatigue of weakened muscles is reduced. Electrical stimulation of paralyzed muscles is carried out with needle electrodes with a preliminary introduction of ATP. In addition, positional treatment is included using staged plaster splints (bandages), teips, sandbags, etc., as well as staged redressing and other methods.

Timely application of the necessary rehabilitation funds allows you to completely prevent the development of contractures and other deformities.

Traumatic encephalopathy is a complex of morphological, neurological and mental disorders, arising in the late and distant periods after traumatic brain injury. Characterized by asthenic and various vegetative-vascular disorders, memory impairment by the type of retrograde amnesia, headaches, fatigue, irritability, sleep disturbance, heat intolerance, stuffiness, etc.

The recurrence of seizures indicates the development of traumatic epilepsy. In severe cases, traumatic dementia occurs with severe memory impairment, a decrease in the level of personality, etc.

Complex treatment in addition to dehydration therapy includes the use of anticonvulsants, tranquilizers, nootropics and others. Massage, LH, walking, skiing help to improve the patient's well-being and prevent the occurrence of decompensation.

The massage technique includes massaging the collar region, back (to the lower corners of the shoulder blades), legs, as well as the effect on the BAP by the inhibitory or stimulating method, depending on the prevalence of one or another symptom. The duration of the massage is 10-15 minutes. Course 10-15 procedures. 2-3 courses per year. With a headache, cryomassage No. 5 is indicated.

Patients are not allowed to visit the bath (sauna), sunbathe, take hyperthermic baths!

Vascular epilepsy

emergence epileptic seizures in dysciculatory encephalopathy is associated with the formation of cicatricial and cystic changes in brain tissue and regional cerebral hypoxia.

The system of rehabilitation of patients includes exercise therapy: general developmental exercises, breathing, coordination. Exercises with straining, with weights, as well as with prolonged head tilts are excluded. Therapeutic exercises are performed at a slow pace, without sudden movements. Swimming, cycling, visiting the sauna (bath) are also excluded.

Physiotherapy includes electrosleep, drug electrophoresis No. 10, oxygen therapy. Performed general massage, with the exception of percussion. Occupational therapy is carried out on stands, box gluing, bookbinding, etc.

Osteocondritis of the spine

Degenerative changes in the intervertebral discs occur as a result of the physiological neuroendocrine aging process and due to wear and tear under the influence of one-time injuries or repeated microtraumas. Most often, osteochondrosis occurs in athletes, hammerers, typists, weavers, drivers, machine operators, etc.

Speedy recovery of function spinal column help general massage, cryomassage, vibration massage, LG (Fig. 124), hydrocolonotherapy. They cause deep hyperemia, improve blood and lymph flow, have an analgesic and resolving effect.

Massage technique. First, a preliminary back massage is performed using stroking techniques, shallow kneading of the muscles of the entire back. Then they proceed to massage the spinal column, using rubbing with the phalanges of four fingers, the base of the palm, kneading with the phalanges of the first fingers, forceps, ordinary and double ring kneading of the broad muscles of the back. Particularly carefully grind, knead BAP. Rubbing and kneading techniques should be alternated with stroking with both hands. In conclusion, active-passive movements are carried out, breathing exercises with an emphasis on exhalation and squeezing chest 6-8 times. The duration of the massage is 10-15 minutes. Course 15-20 procedures.

Rice. 124. Approximate complex of LH in osteochondrosis of the spine

Discogenic radiculitis

The disease often affects the intervertebral discs of the lower part of the spinal column. This is explained by the fact that the lumbar region has greater mobility and is subjected to the most intense static-dynamic loads on the muscular-ligamentous apparatus. Pain occurs when the spinal nerve roots are compressed by a disc herniation. Pain syndrome characterized acute development. Pain can occur in the morning, after heavy physical exertion and in some cases are accompanied by muscle spasm. There is some limitation of movement in lumbar spinal column, lumbar discomfort.

shown conservative treatment. Traction is carried out on the shield with a preliminary massage or heating with a solar lamp or manual therapy. After the disappearance of pain - LH in the prone position, on all fours, in the knee-elbow position. The pace is slow to avoid pain. Exercises with inclinations in a standing position are excluded.

Massage objectives: to provide analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects, to promote the speedy recovery of spinal function.

Massage technique. First, stroking, light vibration is performed in order to relieve tension in muscle tone, then longitudinal and transverse kneading of the broad muscles of the back, rubbing with fingertips along the spinal column. Tapping, chopping should not be used to avoid muscle spasm and increased pain. After the procedure, traction is carried out on a shield or in water. The duration of the massage is 8-10 minutes. Course 15-20 procedures.

lumbosacral pain spinal injuries occur, as a rule, immediately after a fall, blow, etc. In mild cases, transient lumbodynia develops with pain in the lumbar region. Acute pain can result from excessive flexion in the lumbosacral region.

LH is performed in the supine position. Includes stretching exercises sciatic nerve. Raising the legs up 5-8 times; "bicycle" 15-30 s; twists bent at the knees and hip joints legs left and right 8-12 times; raise the pelvis, pause for a count of 5-8, then return to the starting position. Last exercise - diaphragmatic breathing.

Massage objectives: to provide analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects, improve blood and lymph flow in the damaged area.

Massage technique. The initial position of the patient - lying on his stomach, under ankle joints roller is placed. Planar and embracing stroking is applied with the palms of both hands. Kneading is performed with both hands both longitudinally and transversely, while massage movements are performed in ascending and descending directions. In addition, planar stroking is used with the first fingers of both hands in the upward direction, rubbing and kneading with the fingertips, the base of the palm along the spinal column. All massage techniques should be alternated with stroking. Do not use chopping, tapping and intensive kneading. In the early days, the massage should be gentle. The duration of the massage is 8-10 minutes. Course 15-20 procedures.

Lumbago (lumbago) is perhaps the most common manifestation of pain in the lumbar region. Attack-like developing acute piercing pains are localized in the muscles of the lower back and lumbo-dorsal fascia. The disease often occurs in people engaged in physical labor, in athletes, etc. with a complex effect of stress lumbar muscles and hypothermia. Chronic infections also play an important role. Pain usually lasts for several days, sometimes 2-3 weeks. Pathophysiologically, with lumbago, there is a tear of the muscle bundles and tendons, hemorrhages in the muscles, and the subsequent phenomena of fibromyositis.

LH (general developmental exercises, stretching exercises and breathing exercises) are performed in the prone position and knee-elbow. The pace is slow. Traction on the shield and cupping massage are shown.

Massage technique. First, a preliminary massage of all the muscles of the back is carried out, then stroking, rubbing and shallow kneading of the muscles of the lumbar region. Professor S.A. Flerov recommends massaging the lower hypogastric sympathetic plexus in the lower abdomen, at the site of bufurcation of the abdominal aorta. Observations show that massage according to the method of S.A. Flerova relieves pain. In the acute period, cryomassage No. 3 is indicated.

sciatica

According to most authors, the disease is mainly due to congenital or acquired changes in the spinal column and its ligamentous apparatus. The development of the disease is facilitated by a significant and prolonged physical stress, injuries, unfavorable microclimatic conditions, infections.

The pain of sciatica can be sharp or dull. It is localized in the lumbosacral region, usually on one side, radiates to the buttock, back of the thigh, outer surface shins, sometimes combined with numbness, paresthesia. Hyperesthesia is often found

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neuroses- this is functional diseases nervous system, developing under the influence of prolonged overstrain of the nervous system, chronic intoxication, severe injury, long illness, constant alcohol consumption, smoking, etc. The predisposition to this disease and the characteristics of the nervous system are also of some importance. The main forms of neurosis: neurasthenia, psychasthenia and hysteria.

Neurasthenia- this, according to IP Pavlov's definition, is a weakening of the processes of internal inhibition, which is manifested by a combination of symptoms of increased excitability and exhaustion of the nervous system. Neurasthenia is characterized by fatigue, irritability, excitability, bad dream, decreased memory and attention, headaches, dizziness, disorders of the cardiovascular system, frequent change sentiment for no apparent reason.

Psychasthenia occurs predominantly in people of the mental type (according to I. P. Pavlov) and is characterized by the development of processes of congestive excitation (foci of pathological congestion, the so-called sore points). A person is overcome by painful thoughts, all kinds of fears (whether he closed the apartment, turned off the gas, the expectation of trouble, fear of the dark, etc.). With psychasthenia, frequent nervousness, depression, inactivity, autonomic disorders, excessive rationality, tearfulness, etc. are noted.

Hysteria- the form functional disorder nervous system, accompanied by a disorder of mental mechanisms and, as a result, a violation of the normal relationship between the first and second signal systems, with the former predominating. Hysteria is characterized by increased emotional excitability, mannerisms, bouts of convulsive crying, convulsive seizures, a desire to attract attention, speech and gait disorders, and hysterical "paralysis".

Complex treatment of neuroses: creation favorable conditions, medical physiotherapy and psychotherapy, physiotherapy exercises.

Physiotherapy exercises are especially indicated for neurosis, as it increases the strength of nervous processes, promotes their alignment, coordinates the functions of the cortex and subcortex, the first and second signal systems.
Exercises are chosen depending on the form of neurosis.
With neurasthenia, for example, physiotherapy exercises are aimed at increasing the tone of the central nervous system, normalizing autonomic functions and involving the patient in a conscious struggle with his illness.
The tasks of physiotherapy exercises for psychasthenia: increase emotional tone and excite automatic and emotional reactions; in hysteria - to strengthen the processes of inhibition in the cerebral cortex.
With all forms of neurosis, it is important to distract yourself from difficult thoughts, develop perseverance, activity, and evoke positive emotions in yourself.
Due to the increased resentment and emotionality of a person in a state of neurosis at the beginning of classes, attention should not be fixed on mistakes and shortcomings in the performance of exercises.
In the first period of classes, it is advisable to conduct them individually. Apply simple general developmental exercises for large muscle groups that do not require intense attention; perform them at a slow and medium pace. In the future, exercises with more complex coordination of movements can be included in the classes. Classes should be quite emotional. Patients with neurasthenia and hysteria need more explanation of exercises, patients with psychasthenia - show.
In the treatment of hysterical "paralysis" distracting tasks are used (for example, they are asked to change the starting position). So, with "paralysis" hands use exercises with one or more balls. With the involuntary inclusion of a "paralyzed" hand in the work, it is necessary to pay the attention of the patient to this.
As you master exercises with simple coordination, classes include exercises to maintain balance (on a bench, beam), as well as climbing, on gymnastic wall, various jumping, swimming. Walking, walking, fishing also contribute to the unloading of the nervous system, relieve irritation, strengthen the cardiovascular and respiratory systems.
The duration of classes in the first period is 10-15 minutes at the beginning, and as you adapt - 35-45 minutes. If the load is well tolerated, then in the second period, exercises are introduced into the classes that develop attention, accuracy of movements, coordination, dexterity, and speed of reaction. For training vestibular apparatus doing exercises with eyes closed, circular movements of the head, torso, exercises with a sudden restructuring of movements while walking, running. Widely used outdoor games, hiking, skiing, cycling, volleyball, tennis.

Neurasthenia

With neurasthenia, therapeutic exercises “train” the process of active inhibition, restore and streamline the excitatory process. Physiotherapy exercises, in addition to the mandatory morning exercises, should be carried out in the morning for 15-20 minutes. Starting position - sitting. In the first week of classes, general developmental exercises are performed 4-6 times in a row, and breathing exercises - 3 times. As you master the exercises, the number of repetitions increases up to 10 times, and the duration of classes - up to 30-40 minutes.
During the exercise, pain may occur (palpitations, dizziness, shortness of breath) - this must be taken into account and the load must be adjusted so as not to get tired. To do this, you need to stop exercising and take a break. Exercises should be varied - then they will not get bored and you will not lose interest in physical education.
Classes are best done with music. Recommended melodies are soothing, moderate and slow tempo, combining major and minor sounding. Such music can also be used as a healing factor.

Psychasthenia

Psychasthenia is characterized by anxious suspiciousness, inactivity, focusing on one's personality, on experiences. Therapeutic physical training helps to bring the patient out of an oppressed moral and mental state, distract him from painful thoughts, and facilitate communication with people.
Emotional, fast paced exercises are recommended. The music accompanying the classes should be cheerful, its pace should be moderate, turning to fast. It is necessary to widely use games, relay races, elements of competitions, dances.
In the future, to overcome feelings of inferiority, low self-esteem, shyness, it is advised to include exercises to overcome obstacles, to maintain balance, and strength exercises in classes.
Patients with psychasthenia are characterized by non-plastic motor skills, clumsiness of movements, awkwardness. They tend to not know how to dance, so they avoid and dislike dancing. In obsessive states, appropriate psychotherapeutic preparation is of great importance. It is important to understand that exercise will help overcome feelings of unreasonable fear.
To increase the emotional tone, exercises are used in pairs, with overcoming resistance, games; to suppress feelings of indecision, self-doubt - exercises on shells, to maintain balance, jumps.
In order to excite automatic reactions and raise the emotional tone, it is necessary to accelerate the pace of movements: from 60 movements per 1 minute (this is a slow pace characteristic of psychasthenics) to 120, then from 70 to 130 and subsequently from 80 to 140. The final part of the classes includes exercises, contributing to some decrease in emotional tone. After doing therapeutic exercises, a good mood should arise.

An approximate set of exercises for psychasthenia

Before class, you need to count the pulse.
1. Walking in a circle alternately in one direction and the other, with acceleration - 1-2 minutes.
2. Walking in a circle on toes alternately in one direction and the other, with acceleration - 1 min.
3. Starting position - standing, arms along the body. Relax all muscles.
4. Starting position - the same. Alternately raise your hands up (starting from the right), accelerating movements - from 60 to 120 times in 1 minute.
5. Starting position - feet shoulder-width apart, hands clasped into a "lock". At the expense of 1-2, raise your arms above your head - inhale; at the expense of 3-4 lower through the sides - exhale. Repeat 3-4 times.
6. Starting position - arms extended in front of the chest. Squeeze and unclench your fingers with acceleration - from 60 to 120 times in 1 minute. Run 20-30 s
7. Starting position - feet shoulder-width apart, hands clasped into a "lock". At the expense of 1, raise your arms above your head - inhale; at the expense of 2, sharply lower down between the legs, exhaling loudly. Repeat 3-4 times.
8. Starting position - legs together, hands on the belt. At the expense of 1-2 sit down - exhale; stand up at the expense of 3-4 - inhale. Repeat 2-3 times.
9. Starting position - standing on toes. At the expense of 1, go down on your heels - exhale; at the expense of 2, rise on your toes - inhale. Repeat 5-6 times.
10. Exercises in pairs to overcome resistance:
a) starting position - standing facing each other, holding hands, bent at the elbows. In turn, each resists with one hand, and straightens the other. Repeat 3-4 times;
b) starting position - standing facing each other holding hands. Leaning against each other with your knees, sit down, (arms straight), then return to the starting position. Repeat 3-4 times;
c) the starting position is the same. Raise your hands up - inhale, lower - exhale. Repeat 3-4 times;
d) and, p. - the same. Put your right foot on the heel, then on the toe and make three stomps with your feet (dance pace), then separate your hands and clap your hands 3 times. The same with the left foot. Repeat 3-4 times with each leg.
11. Starting position - standing facing the wall 3 m from it, holding the ball. Throw the ball with both hands so that it hits the wall and catches it. Repeat 5-6 times.
12. Starting position - standing in front of the ball. Jump over the ball, turn around. Repeat 3 times on each side.
13. Exercises on shells:
a) walk along the bench (log, board), maintaining balance. Repeat 2-3 times;
b) jumping from the gymnastic bench. Repeat 2-3 times;
c) starting position - standing at the gymnastic wall, holding hands extended forward at shoulder level, by the ends of the rack. Bend your elbows, press your chest against the gymnastic wall, then return to the starting position. Repeat 3-4 times.
14. Starting position - standing, arms along the body. At the expense of 1 - 2, rise on your toes - inhale; at the expense of 3-4 return to the starting position - exhale. Repeat 3-4 times.
15. Starting position - the same. Alternately relax the muscles of the arms, torso, legs.
After class, count the pulse again.

Hysteria

Hysteria, as already mentioned, is characterized by increased irritability, emotional instability, frequent and rapid mood swings, tearfulness and loudness.
Physical therapy in hysteria helps to get rid of emotional instability and "explosions" of irritability, increases activity, enhances conscious-volitional activity, creates a stable calm mood.
The exercises should include exercises for attention, accuracy of performance, coordination and balance (on different areas of support), dance steps to pleasant melodic music, then move on to smooth dances (waltz, slow foxtrot). The pace is slow. It is necessary to calmly, but accurately perform all movements.
The first classes begin with an accelerated pace characteristic of this group of patients - 140 movements per 1 minute and reduce it to 80, subsequently - from 130 movements to 70, then from 120 to 60.
The so-called differential inhibition is developed with the help of simultaneously performed, but various movements for left and right hand, left and right foot. They also include strength exercises on shells at a slow pace with a load on large muscle groups.

This is an introductory and informational article about the role it plays, the principles, methods and means of exercise therapy. Let's talk about the factors that are important for the implementation of the rehabilitation of neurological patients: what complicates and what facilitates the process of restoring the nervous system.

Therapeutic exercise for diseases of the nervous system plays an essential role in the rehabilitation of neurological patients. Treatment of the nervous system impossible without medical gymnastics. has the main goal of restoring self-care skills and, if possible, full rehabilitation.

It is important not to miss the time to create the correct new motor stereotypes: the earlier treatment is started, the easier, better and faster the compensatory-adaptive recovery of the nervous system occurs.

In the nervous tissue, the number of processes of nerve cells and their branches on the periphery increases, other nerve cells are activated, and new nerve connections appear to restore lost functions. Timely adequate training is important for creating the right movement stereotypes. So, for example, in the absence of physiotherapy exercises, a "right-brained" stroke patient - a restless fidget "learns" to walk, pulling his paralyzed left leg to his right and dragging it behind him, instead of learning to walk correctly, with each step moving his leg forward and then transferring the center of gravity of the body to it. If this happens, then it will be very difficult to retrain.

Not all patients with diseases of the nervous system can do the exercises on their own. Therefore, they cannot do without the help of their relatives. To begin with, before starting therapeutic exercises with a patient who has paresis or paralysis, relatives should master some techniques for moving the patient: transplanting from bed to chair, pulling up in bed, walking training and so on. In fact, this is a safety technique to prevent excessive stress on the spine and joints of the caregiver. Lifting a person is very difficult, so all manipulations must be performed at the level of a magician in the form of a “circus trick”. Knowing some special techniques will greatly facilitate the process of caring for the sick and help maintain your own health.

Features of exercise therapy in diseases of the nervous system.

one). Early initiation of exercise therapy.

2). Adequacy of physical activity: physical activity is selected individually with a gradual increase and complication of tasks. A slight complication of the exercises psychologically makes the previous tasks “easy”: what previously seemed difficult, after new slightly more complex tasks, is performed more easily, with high quality, the lost movements gradually appear. It is impossible to allow overload in order to avoid deterioration of the patient's condition: motor disturbances may increase. In order for progress to occur faster, it is necessary to finish the lesson on the exercise that this patient has, to focus on this. I attach great importance to the psychological preparation of the patient for the next task. It looks something like this: "Tomorrow we will learn to get up (walk)." The patient thinks about it all the time, there is a general mobilization of forces and a readiness for new exercises.

3). Simple exercises are combined with complex ones for training higher nervous activity.

four). The motor mode gradually steadily expands: lying - sitting - standing.

5). All means and methods of exercise therapy are used: therapeutic exercises, positional treatment, massage, extension therapy (mechanical straightening or stretching along the longitudinal axis of those parts of the human body that have a disturbed anatomical location (contractures)).

The main method of physical therapy for diseases of the nervous system is therapeutic exercises, the main means of exercise therapy are exercises.

Apply

isometric exercises aimed at strengthening muscle strength;
exercises with alternating tension and relaxation of muscle groups;
exercises with acceleration and deceleration;
coordination exercises;
balance exercise;
reflex exercises;
ideomotor exercises (with the mental sending of impulses). It is these exercises that I use most often in combination with Su-jok therapy for diseases of the nervous system.

Damage to the nervous system occurs at different levels, the neurological clinic depends on this and, accordingly, the selection of therapeutic exercises and other physiotherapeutic therapeutic measures in the complex treatment of a particular neurological patient.

Hydrokinesitherapy - exercises in water - a very effective method of restoring motor functions.

Exercise therapy for diseases of the nervous system subdivided according to the parts of the human nervous system, depending on which part of the nervous system is affected:

I suggest watching a video about the human nervous system in order to have an idea of its structure and functions.

Some subtleties of work with neurological patients.

The state of mental activity of a neurological patient.
The patient's experience in physical education before illness.
The presence of excess weight.
Depth of damage to the nervous system.
Accompanying illnesses.

one). what activity the patient was engaged in before the stroke or before the brain injury: mental or physical labor (it is much easier to work with intellectuals if the body weight is normal);

2). how developed the intellect was before the disease (the more developed the intellect of a patient with a stroke, the more the ability to purposefully exercise exercise remains);

3). in which hemisphere of the brain did the stroke occur? "Right hemispheric" stroke patients behave actively, show emotions violently, do not hesitate to "express"; they do not want to follow the instructions of the instructor, they start walking ahead of time, as a result, they have a risk of forming incorrect motor stereotypes. “Left hemispheric” patients, on the contrary, behave inactively, do not show interest in what is happening, just lie down and do not want to engage in physiotherapy exercises. It is easier to work with "right hemisphere" patients, it is enough to find an approach to them; what is needed is patience, a delicate and respectful attitude, and the decisiveness of methodological instructions at the level of a military general. 🙂

During classes, instructions should be given decisively, confidently, calmly, in short phrases, it is possible to repeat instructions due to the patient's slow perception of any information.

In the event of a loss of behavioral adequacy in a neurological patient, I have always effectively used the “cunning”: you need to talk to such a patient as if he is a completely normal person, not paying attention to “insults” and other manifestations of “negativity” (unwillingness to engage in, denial of treatment and others). It is not necessary to be verbose, it is necessary to make small pauses so that the patient has time to realize the information.

* Paralysis (plegia) - the complete absence of voluntary movements in the limb, paresis - incomplete paralysis, weakening or partial loss of movement in the limb.

It is necessary to take into account another important factor: whether the patient was engaged in physical education before the disease. If physical exercises were not included in his lifestyle, then rehabilitation in case of a disease of the nervous system becomes much more complicated. If this patient has exercised regularly, then the recovery of the nervous system will be easier and faster. Physical labor at work does not belong to physical education and does not bring benefits to the body, since it is the exploitation of one's own body as a tool for doing work; he does not add health due to the lack of dosing of physical activity and control of well-being. Physical labor is usually monotonous, so there is wear and tear of the body in accordance with the profession. (So, for example, a painter-plasterer “earns” humeroscapular periarthrosis, a loader - osteochondrosis of the spine, a massage therapist - osteochondrosis of the cervical spine, varicose veins of the lower extremities and flat feet, and so on).

For homework physical therapy for diseases of the nervous system it will take ingenuity to select and gradually increase the complexity of exercises, patience, regularity of daily exercises several times during the day. It will be much better if in the family the burden of caring for the sick is distributed to all family members. The house should be in order, cleanliness and fresh air.

There should be room on the floor for lying down exercises. Sometimes you need to make handrails for support with your hands in the toilet, in the bathroom, in the corridor. To do therapeutic gymnastics with a neurological patient, you will need a wall bar, a gymnastic stick, elastic bandages, balls of different sizes, skittles, a roller foot massager, chairs of different heights, a step bench for fitness and much more.

Watch the neurological care training video to understand the principles of the technique and how to use it correctly so as not to harm your health. You need to watch carefully, it is better to train on a healthy person who will imitate a paralyzed patient.

"Patient transfer".

"Nursing: Turning to the side for a long time". If the bed is a little wider, then you will not have to pull the patient to the center of the bed each time, it will be enough just to roll him from side to side and put pillows for the physiological position of the limbs and to prevent joint sprains. It is advisable to change the position of the patient every 2 hours in order to avoid bedsores. From this video, remember well that you cannot leave it on the paralyzed side for a long time.

"Patient care: pulling up the patient". Pulling up the patient is one of the most difficult manipulations: you need to save your back and pull up the patient so that it does not move bed sheets and the patient's shirt; there should be no folds under the patient's body. Remember that you can not pull on the hand to avoid dislocation of the joints and stretching of the ligamentous apparatus.

Treatment of the nervous system easy does not happen, you need to tune in to painstaking hard labour and to create conditions for the maximum facilitation of patient care. Exercise therapy for diseases of the nervous system partly related to general care for the sick. At every neurological disease has its own characteristics, which we will consider in other articles. Therapeutic exercise for diseases of the nervous system in combination with massage, DENS-therapy, Su-jok therapy and other methods of treatment With obligatory fulfillment neurologist's appointments will surely give positive result. Sometimes it is possible to achieve maximum recovery of movements and even working capacity.

The modern world is mobile, every person is faced daily with huge amount people, faces flash in public transport, at work, in shops, in parks. Also, every person in this life lies in wait for problems and worries. In such a situation, perhaps, it is difficult to do without stress. The nervous system is “responsible” for the stability of the human psyche. And, if stress is almost impossible to avoid, then taking care of your nerves is possible.

How to strengthen the nervous system? We will talk about this in this article.

General information

active image life, regular walks on fresh air help strengthen the nervous system.

In order to increase efficiency, reduce fatigue, better resist stress, it is necessary to strengthen the nervous system. The following methods will help you do this:

hardening;
physical exercises;
avoiding excessive alcohol consumption, smoking, and the use of psychoactive substances;
the use in nutrition of products useful for the nervous system;
rational organization of work and rest, good sleep;
if necessary, the use of medicinal plants and certain medicines;
psychophysical practices, such as yoga, meditation.

hardening

Hardening consists in a systematic, repeated exposure to the body of some external factors: cold, heat, ultraviolet rays. In this case, the body's reflex responses to these stimuli are modified. As a result, not only increases the resistance to cold, heat, and so on. Hardening has a pronounced non-specific effect, which manifests itself in improving performance, educating the will and other useful psycho-physiological qualities.

Hardening can only be successful if it is applied correctly. For this, it is necessary to comply following conditions:
1. A gradual increase in the strength of the stimulus, for example, start water procedures with water at room temperature.
2. The systematic nature of hardening procedures, that is, their daily use, and not from case to case.
3. The correct dosage of the irritant, given that the strength of the stimulus is decisive, and not the duration of its action.

There is a lot of literature on hardening with which you can develop your own personal training program. At the same time, one should not forget about the rule “everything is good in moderation”.

Physical exercises

Physical exercises are varied. Conventionally, they can be divided into gymnastics, sports, games and tourism. Regular physical activity helps to increase mental and physical performance, slow down the development of fatigue, prevent many diseases of the nervous system and internal organs, as well as the musculoskeletal system.

Physical exercise relieves mental stress. This is especially important for people engaged in mental work. The alternation of mental work with physical work switches the load from one brain cell to another, which helps to restore the energy potential of tired cells.
Of great importance for strengthening the nervous system is regular walking in the fresh air. It combines elements of physical exercise and hardening, is easily dosed, and does not require any financial costs.

Rejection of bad habits

As you know, alcohol is a poison that primarily affects the nervous system. He calls increased arousal and disrupts the braking process. Long term use alcohol, even in small doses, leads to the development of alcoholic encephalopathy, a disease of the brain, accompanied, among other things, by a decrease in memory, a violation of thinking and the ability to learn.

Smoking leads to a deterioration in memory and attention, a decrease in mental performance. This is due to the narrowing of the blood vessels of the brain and its oxygen starvation, as well as direct toxic effect nicotine and other harmful substances contained in tobacco smoke.

The use of psychoactive substances leads to a rapid excitation of the nervous system, which is replaced by nervous exhaustion. This is also true for caffeine, which in large doses often leads to a decrease in mental performance.

Proper nutrition

Vitamin B1 is very important for the nervous system. Should be consumed enough products containing it.

The normal content of protein in food is very important for the state of higher nervous activity. It increases the tone of the central nervous system and accelerates the development of reflexes, improves memory and learning ability. Proteins of chicken meat, soy, fish are useful for the nervous system. In addition, it is recommended to consume more proteins with a phosphorus content. They are found in egg yolks, milk, caviar.

Fats cannot be excluded from the diet, as they have a tonic effect on the nervous system, improving performance and emotional stability.

Carbohydrates are a source of energy for the brain. Carbohydrates contained in cereals are especially valuable in this respect. A decrease in the content of carbohydrates in the body causes general weakness, drowsiness, memory loss, and headaches.

Vitamins are very important for the function of the nervous system. The lack of vitamin B1 is expressed in the weakening of memory, attention, irritability, headache, insomnia, fatigue. It is found in bran bread, peas, beans, buckwheat, oatmeal, liver, kidneys, egg yolk.
Hypovitaminosis B6 is a rare occurrence, accompanied by weakness, irritability, and gait disturbance. Vitamin B6 is synthesized in the intestines, found in the liver, kidneys, wholemeal bread, and meat.

Of the microelements, phosphorus will help strengthen the nervous system. AT largest quantities it is found in cheese, cottage cheese, eggs, caviar, buckwheat and oatmeal, legumes, fish and canned fish.
The inclusion of these substances in the diet will help strengthen the nervous system.

Daily regime

Daily routine - the distribution in time of various activities and recreation, meals, exposure to fresh air, sleep. The correct mode of the day increases efficiency, forms emotional stability. The daily routine is individual for each person and depends on age, profession, state of health, climatic and other conditions. It is desirable that it be permanent. It is necessary to take into account the daily rhythm of the physiological functions of the body, adapt to it, increase or decrease the load in certain periods of the day.

Night sleep should last at least 7 hours. How younger man, the longer the sleep should be, the earlier it should begin. Systematic lack of sleep and insufficiently deep sleep lead to exhaustion of the nervous system: irritability, fatigue appear, appetite worsens, and the activity of internal organs suffers.

The most useful sleep begins no later than 23-24 hours and ends by 7-8 hours. Children and the elderly are recommended afternoon nap lasting 1 - 2 hours. It is important to have a constant time for going to bed and getting up. Before going to bed, a walk in the fresh air is advisable, dinner should be 2 to 3 hours before bedtime. It is necessary to create a favorable environment: silence, darkness or twilight, air temperature not higher than 18 - 20 ° C, clean air and a comfortable bed.

Medicinal plants and medicines

In some cases, for good performance, increased tone of the nervous system, improved memory, attention can be assigned pharmacological agents(plants and medicines). Decoctions and infusions with lemon balm, viburnum, wild rose, motherwort, chamomile, valerian and other plants will help strengthen the nervous system. With depression, apathy, weakness, lemongrass, eleutherococcus, echinacea can help.

To restore the balance of excitation and inhibition, sometimes prescribed medicines, such as "Persen", "Novo-passit" and others. Most of them have vegetable origin. More serious drugs can be taken only as prescribed by a doctor.

Psychophysical practices

by the most simple method strengthening the nervous system is massage and self-massage. There are many different methods, the essence of which lies in the influence of certain physical and mental stress on the activity of the nervous system. These include primarily yoga, as well as some martial arts. The combination of meditation and exercise has a beneficial effect on the function of the nervous system.
Do not get carried away by the dubious practices offered at various seminars. Most often, they will not strengthen the nervous system, but will lead to the opposite result.