Impacted tooth. A dystopian wisdom tooth. How is the removal of an impacted dystopic tooth

Unfortunately, the problem of impacted and dystopic teeth is very relevant in modern dentistry. One in three people have problems with teething, especially if we are talking about eights (wisdom teeth). The solution to the problem is removal with subsequent prosthetics (if required).

An impacted tooth is a tooth that is not in its niche of the dentition. It either cuts through in the wrong place, or appears at an angle and rotates around an axis.

Thus, it puts pressure on neighboring structures, which affects the overall anatomical correctness of the dentition. This is how all teeth move and form pathological bite. Retaliation is of two types:

partial (slight elevation of the coronal part above the gum);
complete (the tooth is hidden under the mucous membrane of the gums or even remained in bone tissue jaws).

An impacted tooth may be vertical, horizontal, medial, or distal. The most common is the medial variant of the location, in which the tooth leans towards the front row. However, other varieties also exist, and dentists should not forget about them.

A dystopian is a tooth that could not take its place in oral cavity due to incomplete cutting. This problem also leads to a gradual displacement of the dentition and the formation malocclusion.

Therefore, the appearance of any of the listed types of pathological arrangement of teeth requires immediate treatment to the dentist.

A dystopian wisdom tooth - causes of appearance

Many patients are interested in the question of what are the causes of the appearance of such anomalies and whether they can be avoided.

Factors provoking the development of impacted and dystopic teeth are:

hereditary predisposition;
infectious diseases of a general and local nature;
congenital increased density gum tissue structures;
misplaced buds permanent teeth;
improper feeding of the child;
pathological growth retardation and physical development child; mechanical damage to the jaw with a change in the location of the rudiments.

This problem can occur in any tooth in both rows, but is most commonly seen in figure eights and canines. Moreover, the latter affect the aesthetics of a smile and cause more adverse outcomes than wisdom teeth. In general, dystopic teeth appear depending on individual characteristics organism and the specific reason for their formation.

Why are impacted teeth dangerous?

Many patients choose to ignore the problem even when they know it exists. However, the formation of an impacted or dystopic tooth inexorably leads to adverse effects for the entire oral cavity. These include:

problems with teething normally located teeth;
displacement of the entire dentition and the formation of a pathological bite;
regular injury to the mucous membranes of the cheek or tongue with the gradual formation ulcer defect and increased risk of oncological degeneration;
root compression neighboring teeth with the development of the inflammatory process and pronounced pain syndrome;
increased risk of caries and other infectious diseases due to the accumulation of food debris and plaque, which are difficult to reach with a brush;
Difficulties in placing a prosthesis

In addition, the appearance of such teeth leads to significant aesthetic defects that psychologically negatively affect a person. The problem needs to be addressed as soon as it is discovered.

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Indications for removal

Usually, impacted tooth or not touched at all if it is invisible and does not cause inconvenience, or removed. Conservative therapy in this case does not make sense, and therefore is not even provided.
Indications for surgical intervention:

pain in the soft tissues of the gums and its pronounced swelling;
the need for prosthetics (if such a tooth interferes with the adequate restoration of the dentition);
the development of periostitis or osteomyelitis (only removal will help stop the pathological process);
numbness of various parts of the face (due to compression of the nerve endings by a pathologically expanded root);
need for orthodontic treatment if wrong tooth creates interference or takes away the necessary free space;
chronic course of pulpitis (the root becomes inflamed with the gradual progression of the infectious process);
risk of crowding of neighboring teeth (assessed individually according to characteristics structure displacements).

The dentist determines the need to remove an impacted and dystopic tooth only after a thorough examination of the patient, which includes X-ray diagnostics. Doctor compares possible risks operation and its future benefits, and then makes a decision.

Contraindications for surgery

The removal of impacted and dystopic teeth is not an urgent operation, and therefore, before performing it, the patient undergoes comprehensive examination to exclude contraindications. Some of them are adjustable and date surgical intervention just postponed. Sometimes you have to refuse to delete completely.

Contraindications for the operation:

pathology of the blood coagulation system;
Availability oncological process any localization;
somatic diseases in the stage of decompensation (critically high blood pressure, heart failure, diabetes and others);
2-3 days before the onset of menstruation in women, as well as the first weeks after the abortion;
pregnancy and breastfeeding period;
pronounced infectious processes in the body;
mental pathologies in the acute stage;
exacerbation of the inflammatory process in the oral cavity.

The decision to conduct or refuse surgery is made on an individual basis. The doctor determines the likelihood of an unfavorable outcome in the existing conditions, after which he accepts or does not accept responsibility for the course of the surgical intervention. The patient must be extremely honest with the attending dentist - it is necessary to tell him about all the pathological processes in the body so that the doctor does not aggravate the client's health.

The process of removing impacted and dystopic teeth

This surgical intervention refers to complex dental operations, as the doctor has to deal with improperly located teeth. If we take into account that physiological eights are traditionally considered the most unfavorable for removal, then we can not talk about pathological ones. On average, the operation lasts three hours or longer, depending on the location of the tooth, the number of roots, the depth in the gum, the angle of rotation, and so on.

First, high-quality anesthesia is performed, before which the patient undergoes special sample to sensitivity. The operation is carried out under local anesthesia, often with additional use sedatives. Rarely used general anesthesia(according to strict indications).
Methods for removing impacted and dystopic teeth:

Classic removal. First, an incision is made on the gum, after which a hole is drilled in the jaw bone tissue - operational access. Extraction in progress pathological tooth followed by removal of bone fragments. Sometimes the tooth is pre-crushed into small pieces to make it easier to extract.
Elevator use. This tool is used if there are difficulties with pulling out a pathological tooth. With its help, rotational movements are made, which allow breaking the connections of the root with the surrounding tissues.
Removal with a laser. Modern dentistry Increasingly, lasers are used to reduce surgical trauma and the risk of complications. In this case, the apparatus makes a classic scalpel incision. Crushing of the tooth, if necessary, is also performed with a laser beam.

The wound surface (hole) is treated with a special antiseptic solution to prevent the development of an infectious process. The mucous membrane is sutured. If we are not talking about a wisdom tooth, then the issue of one-stage implantation is considered.

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Recovery period

Postoperative rehabilitation is one of the milestones happy recovery. The patient must follow all the recommendations of the dentist in order to exclude the formation of complications.

They include:

refusal to take any food for several hours after surgery;
limitation for the recovery period is recommended bad habits(smoking, drinking alcohol);
use of dentist-approved pain relievers strictly as prescribed or instructed (as an alternative or additional funds to relieve inflammation, you can apply an ice cube to the cheek near the affected area);
admission course antibacterial drugs to prevent an infectious process;
a categorical ban on rinsing the mouth for several days after the operation, so as not to collapse blood clot in the wound surface;
strict adherence to oral hygiene, taking into account the condition of the operated area (it is possible to use cotton swabs moistened with an antiseptic);
a ban on heating the operated area;
chemical and thermal rest of the oral cavity (food should be barely warm, without spices and any impurities);
food should be chewed on the side opposite to the operated one;
limitation physical activity and any warming procedures during the first week.

The patient must strictly comply with each doctor's prescription, otherwise infection of the operated area with the development of a severe inflammatory process is possible.

Complications after surgery

Removal of impacted and dystopic teeth is a complex surgical intervention which must be carried out by a highly qualified dentist with great experience work. Saving money in this case is irrelevant and can even be dangerous. It is better to contact a proven dentistry, where the quality of service is high, in order to be guaranteed to receive positive result treatment.

This surgery may be accompanied by the following complications:

damage to nerve endings, followed by numbness of some parts of the face;
perforation maxillary sinus during operations on the lateral surface of the upper jaw;
bleeding due to damage to sufficiently large vessels;
infection of the wound surface;
traumatism of neighboring anatomical structures (teeth);
jaw injuries (dislocations and fractures) in the process of applying mechanical leverage.

Most often, patients are at risk infectious process, especially if the doctor's recommendations are not followed during the recovery period. Signs this complication will the following symptoms: increased body temperature, purulent discharge from the operated area, increased edema and pain, swollen cheeks, enlarged proximal lymph nodes. The patient should contact the dentist immediately as any acute infections oral cavity are dangerous by rapid spread beyond the anatomical unit.

Impacted tooth extraction cost

Prices for the removal of pathologically located teeth differ in different dental centers. The cost depends on the complexity of the surgical intervention, the type of anesthesia used, diagnostic measures and other individual factors. The price will increase if tooth extraction is combined with implantation. It is not recommended to delay the surgical intervention, as the cost of treatment will only increase with the aggravation of the situation.

Sincerely, Levin D.V., Chief Physician

An impacted tooth is a tooth that is completely or partially hidden under the tissues of the gums and jaw, which has not erupted in due time. A similar problem often occurs when a child loses milk teeth early, as well as when wisdom teeth erupt. Removal of an impacted tooth is performed under conditions dental clinic. The operation takes about 2 hours and is performed under local anesthesia. A special type of retention are. If in the first case the tooth, albeit with a delay, grows in right direction, then in the case of dystopia, its location in the oral cavity is disturbed. The organ can grow at the wrong angle, be rotated around its axis. Often such dental units are pressed into the jaw or protrude outward.

Why retention and dystopia occur

The following factors can serve as the cause of the pathology of the development of the jaw apparatus:

Early onset of pathological tooth growth. At the same time, it does not have "guides", so its growth occurs in an arbitrary direction;
Supernumerary teeth. They are atavism, do not have their own location, therefore they grow in areas located next to the common dentition;
Improper formation of the rudiments of dental tissue;
Jaw injuries at the stage of tooth growth;
Malocclusion.

Retentions and dystopias are most often exposed to the canine and wisdom teeth. At the same time, the removal of an impacted and dystopic tooth may be accompanied by certain technical difficulties.

The pathological process has certain predisposing factors, which include:

lack of calcium;
Avitaminosis;
Large dental pouch
General weakening and exhaustion of the body;
genetic predisposition;
Loose gums.

It is worth noting that almost any effect on the human body that can weaken its level can be attributed to predisposing factors. immune protection and deplete energy reserves. In some cases, even severe extraction of an existing impacted and dystopic tooth, accompanied by postoperative complications, may cause wrong growth other elements of the jaw.

Diagnosis is carried out on the basis of objective examination data, as well as in accordance with the x-ray picture. As a rule, retention and dystopia lead to the following local signs:

Hyperemia (redness);
Local temperature increase;
Edema;
Noticeable protrusion of the problem unit, tubercle on the jaw;
Increasing the gap between adjacent healthy teeth.

As a rule, palpation of the focus of pathology causes backlash patient, as it turns out to be quite painful. The final diagnosis is based on x-ray examination. After that, the doctor decides on the need to remove the impacted tooth. AT childhood often it is possible to do without surgery, correcting the defect using orthodontic techniques.

In most cases, the pathology does not lead to the appearance of a pronounced pain syndrome. Soreness is manifested only with pressure on the affected area, while eating, or with tight compression of the jaws. sharp constant pain more often it is a sign of a developed complication of impacted young teeth (periodontitis, abscess, lesion nerve fibers). The germination of the root in the cranial sinus can cause odontogenic sinusitis. The very fact of germination is also established according to the X-ray image.

Operational removal

Surgical removal of an impacted dystopic tooth is performed in the following cases:

Severe clinical symptoms;
cervical destruction;
Purulent-necrotic complications;
Lack of space in the dentition;
Dystopia.

In most cases, the extraction procedure is carried out in a clinic. However, the most severe cases associated with the presence of a purulent process or root germination in maxillary sinuses require hospitalization of the patient in the department of maxillofacial surgery.

Preparing for the operation

The patient is advised to get a good night's sleep the night before surgery. Morning allowed light breakfast no frills. The mental state of the patient must be stable. Mental agitation and marked anxiety is stopped with the use of tranquilizers.

Immediately before starting the removal of an impacted tooth, the patient's oral cavity is treated with solutions of non-alcoholic antiseptics(chlorhexidine, potassium permanganate, eludril). Tartar must be removed in advance.

Anesthesia is carried out immediately before the operation. The anesthetic drug is chosen depending on the estimated time of the procedure and the individual characteristics of the patient. As a rule, lidocaine is used in a mixture with vasoconstrictors (adrenaline, naphthyzinum). General anesthesia is rarely used, only at the request of the patient or absolute readings. Operations under ON are carried out exclusively in a hospital.

After the onset of anesthesia, the doctor makes an incision over the top of the tooth. In this case, the hole should be sufficient to remove large bone fragments. The impacted tooth is not removed entirely, but is destroyed in the hole using a drill. After that, the hole is freed from debris. To do this, use dental forceps. suitable form. The operation is completed with a revision of the wound, its sanitation by treatment with non-alcoholic antiseptics and the application of catgut self-absorbable sutures.

In some cases, not impacted or dystopic is removed, but healthy tooth. In this case, the operation is carried out in accordance with general technique extraction. Under local conduction anesthesia, the tooth is grasped with forceps, loosened, destroying the periodontal ligament, and pulled out. The well is plugged for 30 minutes with a piece of sterile bandage. Seams are not applied.

Recovery period

Recovery after it has been prompt removal dystopic tooth, takes about 1-2 weeks. In the first 3 hours after the operation, no food, water or smoking is allowed. Until the end of the first day, it is not recommended to take hot food, and until the end of the week - solid foods. Also, in the early days, it is not recommended to use mouth rinses. Antiseptic solutions able to wash away the formed protective blood clot, which will lead to the formation of a dry socket.

Important! If there are signs of inflammation, the patient is prescribed rinses, regardless of the degree of preservation of the clot. In addition, in without fail used general and local antibacterial agents, regenerating drugs, drugs that improve blood microcirculation in tissues.

Within 2-3 days after the operation is not allowed topical application heat. At the same time, they expand blood vessels which can cause postoperative bleeding. It is better if the area of the operation is moderately cooled (ice pack wrapped in a cloth and applied to the cheek for 15–20 minutes). Local exposure to cold helps to reduce swelling, reduce the risk of bleeding, and reduce pain.

The pain syndrome that develops after the termination of the action of the anesthetic is stopped by taking non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. The patient can take analgin, ketorol, instant in general therapeutic dosages. The use of topical local anesthetics, as a rule, does not achieve the expected result.

What happens if no action is taken

Sometimes patients prefer to ignore the problem if the impacted tooth does not cause them any noticeable inconvenience. This is fraught with many delayed health problems:

Violation of the process of chewing food;
Possible loss of other, healthy teeth;
Problems with diction;
Microtrauma of the oral mucosa;
Inflammatory processes of the gums, jaw, submandibular structures.

Most serious complication impacted teeth is a phlegmon of the soft tissues of the gums.

In this case, the tissues are impregnated with pus, the transition of inflammation to the surrounding areas of the body, including Airways. Developing edema blocks the airways, making it impossible to breathe adequately. There is a direct threat to the life of the patient.

A dystopian tooth is a tooth that is incorrectly located or displaced in the dentition.

Such a tooth is dangerous because it can put pressure on the dentition, which will eventually lead to the inclination of all teeth and malocclusion. It is difficult to imagine, but it happens that the teeth are even perpendicular to the normal direction of tooth growth.

An impacted tooth is a tooth that has not erupted, which, due to some circumstances, it did not come out and remained completely or partially hidden by the gum or bone.

Impacted teeth not only deform the gums and spoil appearance of the dentition, but also affect the chewing function, preventing the normal chewing of food. Most often these are the so-called "wisdom teeth". Many patients have already had to remove their wisdom teeth, including for this reason.

Retention that slows down teething can be:

partial in which the tooth appears above the surface of the gums only partially. Most often, only visible top part;
complete, in which the tooth is completely hidden by bone tissue or mucous membrane.

A dystopian tooth is a tooth that is placed incorrectly in the dentition. He may grow up in the wrong place where he should have been. It grows at the wrong angle, perhaps even turned around its own axis. It affects the condition of the others, affecting their inclination and breaking the bite, which greatly spoils the smile. Very often there are people whose teeth have both of these flaws.

Why "wisdom teeth" do not grow correctly

Wisdom teeth, or the outermost teeth in a row, usually erupt between the ages of 18 and 25. And they grow, as a rule, with serious violations.

Only the lucky ones can boast of even and straight grown “eights”. Frequent problems wisdom teeth become retention and dystopia, in most cases even both ailments at once.

The incorrect growth of wisdom teeth is explained by the fact that, firstly, they grow in adulthood, when the bone tissue is fully formed, it is very dense and hard - naturally, it is incredibly difficult to “break through” it. Secondly, modern man eighth teeth are not needed - our ancestors used them for chewing raw meat. Wisdom teeth do not even have guides - milk teeth, so they have to make their own path in hard bone.

To identify the pathology of the development of the "eighth" tooth, it is necessary to take an x-ray or computed tomography. After detecting retention or dystopia, you should immediately consult a doctor. He will decide whether something can be done to save the tooth, or whether it is necessary to remove the impacted wisdom tooth, because the consequences, if nothing is done, may not be the most pleasant.

Pathologies of tooth development can cause:

malocclusion;
inflammation of the gums;
injury to the mucosa, cheeks and tongue;
infection of the maxillary sinus;
swelling of muscle tissue.

Indications and contraindications for the removal operation

In most cases, removing an impacted or dystopic tooth is the only way to avoid further complications.

In particular, among the indications for surgical intervention:

pain in the area of the tooth, swelling of the gums;
facial numbness due to pressure exerted by an impacted tooth on nerve endings;
high risk changes in the position of the teeth adjacent to the dystopian;
the need for a prosthetic procedure that interferes with problem tooth;
retention-induced osteomyelitis or periostitis,
chronic pulpitis or periodontitis;
orthodontic treatment requiring extra space in the jaw.

Even a healthy impacted wisdom tooth can be removed if the "seven" next to it is affected. carious process. This is done so that the dentist can fully process the carious cavity.

Contraindications for the removal of impacted and dystopic teeth include:

heavy general state;
hypertensive crisis;
exacerbation of nervous diseases;
sharp forms heart disease;
advanced stage viral diseases or infectious nature;
blood diseases;
last days before the start of menstruation;
the first 2 weeks after the abortion.

Pregnant women should be careful dental procedures. It is recommended to remove an impacted wisdom tooth in the second trimester or at the very beginning of the third.

Removal of an impacted tooth

Extraction of an impacted tooth is quite common surgery.

An impacted tooth is a tooth that cannot erupt on its own, and therefore cannot be placed in the right place, therefore it remains inside the bone or is located under the mucous membrane. Most often, the removal of an impacted tooth is the removal of a wisdom tooth.

The cause of such a tooth may be early removal milk teeth or incorrect position of the molars, which shift the entire row and leave no room for the growth of a new tooth. In all cases, the extraction of an impacted tooth is the most effective way restore beauty and health to your smile.

Since the impacted tooth is located incorrectly, its removal is a complex procedure that requires high qualifications. To remove an impacted tooth, the doctor cuts the mucous membrane, and then drills through the bone tissue with a burr so that the tooth itself can be removed. Sometimes it is necessary to divide the tooth into parts if it reaches a large size.

After the operation, the doctor places a medicine in the hole that has formed, which speeds up healing and relieves pain. AT rare cases the doctor sews up the resulting hole, this is done if it was large enough.

The extraction of an impacted tooth sometimes takes up to three hours - it depends on the size and location of the tooth being removed. Sometimes patients develop swelling in the place that the doctor drilled with a burr, this lasts from 1 to 5 days. Also, patients may experience pain after surgery to remove an impacted tooth, but in this case, the doctor prescribes local anesthetics. The next day after the procedure, the patient needs to visit a doctor.

There is an opinion that an operation to remove an impacted tooth is not necessary if it does not cause concern.

But such a tooth is often the cause of infection, which eventually leads to caries, periodontitis, pericoronitis and other more dangerous diseases.

Extraction of a dystopic tooth

A dystopian is a tooth that is incorrectly located or displaced in a row.

Extraction of a dystopic tooth is necessary procedure, which avoids pressure on the rest of the teeth, and therefore prevents the tilt of all teeth or the formation of a malocclusion. Also, an operation to remove a dystopic tooth helps to avoid such complications as soft tissue injury. Canines, incisors and wisdom teeth can be dystopian.

The reason for this anomaly is wrong position tooth germ, which has a genetic or embryonic origin, as well as the influence of external factors.

The removal of a dystopic tooth is not addressed immediately, most often dentists try to avoid surgery using orthodontic treatment. But if the patient is over 15 years old, then usually it does not give results, so you have to resort to removal.

The removal of a dystopic tooth is a very complicated surgical operation, since the location of such a tooth is atypical. To be sure of the quality of the procedure, you should contact qualified specialists working with new equipment.

Impacted and dystopic teeth are a pathology that causes inconvenience to a person and causes inflammation of the soft tissues of the oral cavity. The formation of defects leads to a change in the position of the entire dentition. In most cases, the patient requires an operation to remove a tooth that has an abnormal form of germination.

In dentistry, there are such concepts as dystopic and impacted teeth. They represent a pathological germination of teeth in the soft tissues of the mouth. Many do not know about the existence of such concepts, including those who have an anomaly.

A dystopian tooth is a bone formation that grows in the wrong direction relative to the dentition. It grows in the wrong place, or has a slope to the side. There are also cases when the bone formation is fully deployed, that is, it is located the other way around.

Pathology leads to the formation of defects in the inclination of the nearest teeth and bite. The anomaly causes aesthetic and other problems.

An impacted tooth is a delay in eruption in the soft tissues of permanent teeth. This problem often occurs when a wisdom tooth grows and a change in milk teeth to permanent ones in children. There are two types of defect:

Partial. The bone growth is not completely cut through, when only its beginning is visible, and the base is hidden in the gums.
Full. The absence of any signs of the phenomenon of bone formation in the right place due to its hiding by bone tissue or gums.

In some cases, it is possible to combine two forms of pathology. Often there are people with dystopic impacted wisdom teeth. An impacted defect is dangerous for the entire dental composition due to the development of caries, periodontitis, periodontal disease and other diseases.

An anomaly can provoke serious inflammatory processes.

Treatment

Therapeutic procedures in children and adults in the presence of pathology of dental formations in most cases are not feasible conservative methods. This is especially true for impacted teeth. Incorrectly germinating teeth are removed.

Surgery is not performed in children with a dystopic form until the change of bone formations to permanent ones. Also, the treatment of children can be carried out by wearing special devices. Adults subject to availability comorbidities operation is shown. An impacted tooth is most often removed. But before the appointment of the operation, it is necessary to identify the indications for surgical intervention.

What are the indications?

Despite the presence of external defects, the operation requires medical indications. Indications are determined as a result of the examination.

Removal includes:

swelling of the gums;
purulent inflammation;
feeling of pain in the place of pathological dental formation;
numbness of the face due to the impact of pathology on the nerve endings;
the risk of developing defects in other teeth.

Also, indications can be as follows:

periostitis or osteomyelitis;
periodontitis or pulpitis;
the development of the inflammatory process in the gums;
difficulty in treating adjacent bone formations.

Indications for surgery can only be assessed by a specialist. It is impossible to exclude the removal of an impacted tooth in children, as well as in adults, if it grows inside the soft tissues. Indications for the removal of a dystopic tooth also include an age criterion. It is advisable to perform the operation if the patient is over 16 years old.

The specialist prescribing the operation must take into account not only indications, but also contraindications. Removal of impacted and dystopic teeth should not be carried out if, as a result of the diagnosis, contraindications have been identified in the patient. In such cases, the main pathologies are eliminated, and if after treatment a person has no contraindications, then an operation is possible.

Contraindications include:

hypertensive crisis;
nervous diseases at the time of exacerbation;
disorders of the circulatory system.

There are other contraindications that the doctor evaluates according to the degree of complexity of their manifestation:

advanced infections and chronic viruses;
general serious condition sick;
heart disease.

There are contraindications that apply exclusively to women. Do not perform surgery in the last days menstrual cycle and in the first 14 days after the abortion.

How is the operation going?

The operation to remove dystopic and impacted teeth is carried out similarly. The process of eliminating the bone formation of the jaw is quite difficult, so it can be used for children general anesthesia. An adult, unlike children, can do local anesthesia depends on the complexity of the procedure.

Impacted tooth extraction process complicated operation which takes place over several hours. The surgeon has to open soft tissues to get pathologically germinated bone formation.

share surgical procedure into stages. At the same time, the most difficult stages are the extraction of the tooth itself and its fragments. At this point, the attention of the doctor is important, since the remaining debris can cause serious complications.

In most cases, the operation is carried out as follows:

an incision is made in the mucous and soft tissues;
a hole is made in the bone tissue;
bone formation and fragments are removed;
carried out antiseptic treatment injured area;
stitches are applied.

In the event that an operation is performed to remove a large wisdom tooth, then until the moment of removal, the surgeon crushes the bone formation and only then removes it in parts. The stitches are removed after 1-1.5 weeks. Surgery for such a pathology is very difficult for children, so the rehabilitation period is difficult for them. In an adult, rehabilitation is easier. Recovery occurs within a week.

After the operation, children and adults may experience associated with various factors. Complications appear in patients as a result of:

surgeon's mistakes
body reactions;
non-compliance with the recommendations of the doctor.

Complications often also occur when dental education has grown deep into the tissue. During the removal operation, injury can occur, which subsequently provokes complications.

If mistakes were made by the specialist during the surgical intervention (for example, leaving a fragment, damaging healthy tissues, improper removal), then complications develop in the near future after the operation.

Failure to follow the instructions of the doctor or the reaction of the body most often provokes inflammatory processes. Complications also appear in cases where the patient had no indications for surgery or had contraindications.

Signs of complications are noted in patients in the first days after tooth extraction. The following complications are also possible:

development of purulent inflammatory processes;
jaw fracture;
damage to dentures and neighboring teeth;
and others.

No specialist can exclude the occurrence of complications. However, to reduce the risk pathological processes after the removal of an impacted (dystopic) tooth, it is possible if you choose a qualified and experienced surgeon and follow all his recommendations.

After the dystopic or impacted tooth is removed, it is also necessary to exclude the influence of factors that can provoke complications.

Do not smoke or eat for at least three hours after the operation.
On the first day after removal, do not rinse your mouth.
not to accept hot shower or a bathroom during the first day.
Exclude excessive loads in the first days.
Do not heat your cheek or gums (compresses, heating pads, etc.).
Do not eat cold or hot food (drinks) for three days.

Completely the wound after the operation heals for a month. The patient feels relief within a week. To control the wound healing process, it is necessary to visit a doctor regularly, and in case of complications, do not delay treatment.

It happens that under the influence of some factors, the tooth may grow in the wrong place for it, at the wrong angle, or remain under the gum, rendering Negative influence on the adjacent teeth. Sometimes such an anomaly can be corrected with orthodontic treatment, but most often it is necessary to remove an impacted dystopic tooth.

Impacted dystopic tooth

An impacted tooth is a tooth that is incorrectly located in the oral cavity. It either grows in the wrong place, or cuts through at the wrong angle or rotates around its axis. An impacted tooth presses on adjacent teeth, shifting the entire row, resulting in an abnormal bite.

You can learn about how you can correct an overbite without braces.

In dentistry, there is a concept of retention - this is a delay in the eruption of permanent teeth. Retention is of 2 types:

Partial: when the tooth erupted partially, and only its crown part appeared above the gum.
Complete: it is hidden under the mucous membrane of the gums or is located in the bone tissue.

In addition, there are several types of impacted teeth: vertical, medial, horizontal and distal. Most common medial view, which is located at an angle to the front row. Less common are teeth that are located vertically or horizontally.

In dentistry, there is the concept of "bone immersion" - the tooth is located in the thickness of the bone tissue and does not come out of it. A dystopic tooth is one that has not completely erupted, as a result of which it is not able to take its place in the oral cavity.

Causes

The reasons for the development of retention can be different:

hereditary factor,
stress,
infectious diseases,
too dense gum tissue structure,
unnatural arrangement of the rudiments of the teeth,
growth retardation,
improper feeding of the child.

Disorders caused by dystopia

An incorrectly positioned tooth often provokes difficulties in eruption of the rest. The result is various violations bite, which causes functional and aesthetic defects.

Often, an incorrectly erupted tooth provokes regular injury to the mucous membrane of the oral cavity, tongue, and cheeks. As a result, a chronic injury occurs, which gradually transforms into a decubital ulcer.

Very often, the dystopia of the eights of the bottom row is combined with retention. In this case, the tooth is called impacted dystopic. Often such figure eights rest with the crown part on the second molar. In addition, they can grow in branches mandible, towards the tongue or cheek.

Diagnosis and treatment

In most cases, the diagnosis consists in examining the oral cavity. In some cases, the patient is referred to x-ray examination, which makes it possible to determine the location of the tooth in relation to the rest, the presence of neoplasms and the state of the rudiments of permanent teeth.

Sometimes malocclusion caused by malpositioning of an impacted dystonated tooth can be corrected with orthodontic treatment. If the use of orthodontic appliances does not desired results, the only way out is to delete.

Indications for the removal of an impacted dystopic tooth

Often the removal of an impacted dystopic tooth is the only way avoid the development of complications. The main indications for surgery are:

Contraindications

In some cases, removal is contraindicated:

hypertensive crisis,
blood diseases,
a few days before the onset of menstruation,
the first few weeks after the termination of pregnancy,
exacerbation of diseases of the central nervous system,
serious heart disease
severe form of the course of viral diseases,
severe general condition of the patient.

Pregnant women to carry out this operation need with extreme caution and better in the last trimester.

How is an impacted dystopic tooth removed?

This is a rather complicated surgical intervention, since the doctor needs one that has not erupted and is located in the gum. Removal is carried out only after all inflammatory processes in the retention area have been treated. The operation takes a long time - an average of about three hours and takes place in several stages:

An incision is made on the gum.
A hole is drilled in the bone tissue.
The tooth is removed.
Bone fragments are removed.
The wound is treated with antiseptic agents.
The incision is sutured.

If the tooth is large, it is first crushed into pieces, after which it is removed piece by piece. Recovery period lasts about a week - then the stitches are removed. If an impacted tooth provoked a purulent inflammatory process, it must be removed in urgently in a hospital setting.

In particularly difficult cases, the gouging method is used for removal. This is a time-consuming operation, before which it is necessary to provide access to the diseased tooth.

There is also the “Tom method”: the gum is drilled from the side of the cheek, the tooth is tilted in the right direction, and then hollowed out.