Cranial pressure symptoms in adults treatment. Intracranial pressure - symptoms and treatment. Treatment of low intracranial pressure

If such conditions become frequent, then many begin to wonder if he has increased intracranial pressure, and what symptoms accompany this disease.

What is intracranial pressure

Intracranial pressure is inherent in every person. This is a pressure indicator. cerebrospinal fluid(liquor) on the medulla itself. Pressure inside cranium have a very large spread - 60 - 200 mm. water column. Such a wide amplitude of the norm is due to individual features person or situation. With an increase in physical activity, strong excitement, sneezing or crying, the indicators will rise instantly several times. It's absolutely normal situation, and everything will return to normal after a while without medical intervention.

The mechanism of occurrence of increased ICP

The brain is a very delicate tissue that needs reliable protection. Such protection is provided by the cranium, and in order for the brain tissue not to be injured when rubbing against the skull, the cavity contains cerebrospinal fluid or cerebrospinal fluid. Except protective function liquor provides nutrition and water-electrolyte balance. This fluid is produced in the human body, bathes the brain and is then absorbed back into the blood. In those cases when in this process, for some reason, a violation of circulation occurs and the amount of cerebrospinal fluid increases, the fluid begins to exert excessive pressure on the brain tissue. It is in such situations that doctors talk about increased intracranial pressure.

Signs of pathology

ICP is not an independent disease and is only a consequence of the development of the underlying disease. Based on this, it must be understood that the increase in pressure will occur rather slowly, and the symptoms characteristic of this pathology will appear gradually and in an increasing mode.

Headache attacks periodically occur in any, even the most healthy person. But this does not mean at all that intracranial pressure has increased. High intracranial pressure has characteristic symptoms:

• impaired peripheral vision;
• pupils become different sizes;
• low pupillary response to light;
• bifurcation of objects;
• blurring and even temporary blindness.

These problems are caused by increased pressure on certain optic nerves.

Reasons why ICP may occur

This disease develops only as a consequence of other pathologies. In modern medical practice There are several main reasons that can lead to high pressure:

1. congenital diseases. The most famous pathology is hydrocephalus. In a newborn child, there may be a pathology in the development of the venous sinuses, which provide absorption of cerebrospinal fluid. As a result of the fact that there is too much CSF, there is excessive pressure on the brain and on the walls of the skull. The seams come apart and the head becomes unnaturally large.
2. pathological course of pregnancy. If there were adverse moments, such as prolonged labor, cord entanglement and severe toxicosis, then the baby experienced a strong oxygen starvation. As a result, the brain, with a lack of oxygen, turned on compensation mechanisms, and this led to additional production of cerebrospinal fluid.
3. Neoplasms. Such pathologies include tumors of any type and cysts. With this option, the process of fluid circulation can be disrupted at any of its stages.
4. Hematomas. These formations are most often the result of traumatic brain injuries and can lead to very negative consequences.
5. Edema of the brain. This happens as a result of injuries, neurosurgical interventions, strokes. A blood clot causes it, which blocks the vein, through which the outflow of cerebrospinal fluid passes.
6. Various endocrine disorders. Doctors include obesity, hyperthyroidism, hepatic encephalopathy, and adrenal insufficiency in this category of diseases. All these diseases are accompanied by high blood pressure, which provokes additional release of water into the cerebrospinal fluid.
7. Medications. Some medications can cause "pseudo brain tumors".

Modern diagnostic methods

Increased extracranial pressure is very difficult to diagnose. This is due to the fact that there are still no methods for measuring intracranial pressure in a safe way. Today, doctors resort to several options for confirming this diagnosis:

Methods for the treatment of ICP

Treatment of the primary disease

Never happens on its own. This is a consequence of another primary disease. Given this fact, any experienced doctor will begin therapy for this pathology with the identification and treatment of the root cause. For example, if high pressure was caused by hydrocephalus, then the excess fluid is simply pumped out, for infectious diseases such as encephalitis or meningitis, antibiotics will be the basis of treatment, in the presence of a neoplasm, it is used surgical intervention. With this approach to treatment, intracranial pressure itself is not reduced, since symptoms can be distorted. When the underlying disease is cured, problems with ICP disappear on their own.

Emergency reduction of intracranial pressure

Sometimes high blood pressure reaches critical indicators, under which there is a threat of development various complications or even just the patient's life. In such situations, the doctor is faced with the question - how to reduce intracranial pressure in urgent order. For these purposes, quite complex manipulations are used:

Taking medications

After the diagnosis of ICP has been accurately confirmed and it has been determined that this problem is associated with the presence of an underlying disease in a chronic form, the patient needs to know how to relieve high intracranial pressure, since persistent headaches significantly reduce the quality of Everyday life. With this development of the disease, the doctor may prescribe the following drugs:

• diuretic drugs;
• preparations containing potassium;
• corticosteroids.

Physiotherapy

At chronic course diseases, patients are often prescribed the following types of physiotherapy:

1. Electrophoresis with the introduction of "Euphyllin" in collar zone. It is used to improve the functioning of blood vessels that feed the brain.
2. Procedures using magnetic fields that help normalize vascular tone, which in turn leads to a decrease in pressure.

Massage

In addition to drug treatment, a neuropathologist often prescribes a course of massages for the collar zone of the spine. It can be 15 - 20 procedures. Further, the patient can use the methods of self-massage, which is carried out daily 2 times a day and lasts 10-15 minutes. These can be the following methods:

1. We put our palms on the back of the head, press lightly and lead our hands down the neck to the very collarbones.
2. We feel the edge with the fingertips occipital bone bottom and stroking in a circular motion neck, move down.
3. We find the base of the skull and, making circular movements, we move along the entire edge of the bone. If everything is done correctly, there should be slight pain.

Physiotherapy

Regular physical activity provides an increase in the tone of the muscles of the cervical-shoulder region, due to which muscle spasm can be eliminated. This will be facilitated by swimming, tennis or exercise therapy.

A good result can be obtained by performing the following exercises:

1. We keep our back straight, and we push our head as far forward as possible, then lower it down. We slowly return to the starting position.
2. Lower your head as far as possible down and make turns to the right and left.
3. Tilt your head to the right and left as deeply as possible.
4. Turning the head - as much as possible to the right and to the left.
5. While inhaling, we raise our head up, hold our breath for a few seconds, and then lower our head down as we exhale.

Acupuncture

This method of treatment is aimed at reducing, using the impact on the reflex zones. In addition, in the process of these manipulations, normalization occurs metabolic processes and normalization of the work of the entire nervous system.

Preventive actions

People who regularly experience increased intracranial pressure, except standard treatment, it is imperative to pay attention to the prevention of the disease. To this end, it is important:

1. Follow a diet that includes foods with high content potassium and magnesium salts - buckwheat, beans, kiwi, dried apricots, sea ​​kale. It is important to adhere to the drinking regime - 1 - 2 liters of water per day.
2. Exclusion from your life bad habits.
3. Raise the bed at its head.
4. Lead physically active image life.
5. Avoid baths and prolonged exposure to the sun.

This article describes the symptoms and treatment of intracranial pressure, signs of increased ICP in children and adults, how to identify and complications of increased ICP.

To date, almost every person has encountered such phenomena as pain in the head, occipital region, dizziness, visual impairment. Moreover, the above symptoms are signs of increased intracranial pressure (ICP), changes in which can have a number of complications. Let us consider in more detail the nature of ICP, its signs, causes of occurrence and ways of its treatment.

What is intracranial pressure?

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is a fluid that circulates in the ventricles of the brain. It “washes” our brain and carries useful microelements through the brain cells.

Intracranial pressure is the force with which CSF acts on the soft parts of the brain. Difficulty in the movement of CSF occurs due to the appearance of problems in the venous outflow. As a result, cerebrospinal fluid begins to accumulate and exert excessive pressure on the brain, which manifests itself in the form of headaches and other symptoms. Normal is ICP in the range of 10-17 mm Hg.

Symptoms of intracranial pressure

The main symptom of increased intracranial pressure is pain in the head, which is present at the moment of awakening a person and does not go away during the day. This pain appears due to irritation of the vascular receptors inside the skull and the lining of the brain.

The following signs may be:

• Constant fatigue, lethargy.
• State nervous tension and irritation: to light, noise, other people.
• There may be bouts of nausea along with vomiting.
• Deterioration of vision and hearing, memory.
• horse racing blood pressure.
• Increased sweating.

There are many reasons for an increase in ICP, leading to the onset of symptoms of the disease. In children and adults, they can differ significantly.

Symptoms of ICP in children can appear from birth and lead to difficult consequences. Therefore, knowing the main signs of this disease, it is possible to diagnose increased ICP on the early stages and provide the necessary assistance.

Elevated ICP can lead to two cases:

1. gradual onset of symptoms.
2. Spontaneous onset of symptoms, in which consciousness is disturbed and falling into a coma. Death occurs in 92% of cases.

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The next fact is that it is possible and necessary to bring down the pressure, but this does not cure the disease itself. The only medicine that is officially recommended by the Ministry of Health for the treatment of hypertension and is also used by cardiologists in their work is this. The drug acts on the cause of the disease, making it possible to completely get rid of hypertension. In addition, within the framework of the federal program, every resident of the Russian Federation can receive it IS FREE.

Hydrocephalus in children and its symptoms

Hydrocephalus is an excessive accumulation of CSF (cerebrospinal fluid) in the skull, accompanied by an increase in intracranial pressure.

The main symptom of hydrocephalus in children is a pronounced increase in head circumference before the age of 2 years.

Other symptoms:

• Violation of the proportion of the forehead in relation to the rest of the head.
• Severely bulging eyeballs.
• Inflammation of the brain tissue.
• Visual impairment, development of optic nerve atrophy.

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Signs of increased ICP in adults

In adults, the symptoms of increased pressure appear gradually. Appears first headache, which presses and there is a feeling of fullness.

It manifests itself during awakening, its cause is:

• The horizontal position of the body.
• Tension of the head when coughing, sneezing.
• Nausea, bouts of vomiting, noises.
• Reception of analgesics does not remove these symptoms.

Second a regular feature increase in IRR can be vegetative disorders, which are characterized by:

• Changes in blood pressure, pulse.
• Intestinal disorders (diarrhea, constipation).
• Increased salivation excessive sweating especially the upper and lower extremities.
• Dizziness.
• Short temper.
• Apathy.
• Anxiety.
• Weakness, lethargy.
• Heart pain and pain in the abdomen.

The third sign that accompanies an increase in ICP, but extremely rare, may be a stroke-like condition that threatens the life of the patient.

Signs of such cases may be:

• Falling into a coma.
• Dysfunction of the musculoskeletal system.
• Weakened limbs.
• Speech disorder.
• Continuous vomiting.
• Incontinence / retention of urine and feces.
• Violation of the cardiovascular system.

Methods for determining and measuring ICP

If blood pressure can be measured using a tonometer on its own, then in the case of intracranial pressure, this procedure is more complicated.

To determine approximate ICP indicators use:

• Computed tomography.
• Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). MRI is not recommended for women in the first trimester of pregnancy, people with decompensated heart failure, suffering from claustrophobia. It is absolutely contraindicated to do MRI for people with magnetic metal implants, pacemakers, in the presence of metal fragments in the body.
• Electroencephalography.
• Ultrasound of the brain (children under 1 year).
• Analysis of the fundus by an ophthalmologist.

The above methods for determining the level of ICP do not give 100% exact result. Therefore, in order to timely identify the problem, it is recommended to measure intracranial pressure in the Department of Neurology with the help of medical staff in the following ways:

1. subdural method. Used in emergencies. An opening is made in the skull and a subdural screw is inserted to determine the level of pressure.
2. epidural method. Insertion of an epidural sensor into the burr hole of the skull. The disadvantage of this method is the inability to pump out excess accumulated cerebrospinal fluid.
3. using an intraventricular catheter. A safe method for measuring ICP levels. A catheter inserted into the lateral ventricle of the brain makes this method the most effective and allows you to pump out excess cerebrospinal fluid.

Causes of increased intracranial pressure

High pressure inside the skull occurs as a result of the following conditions:

• Inflammation or swelling of the brain, leading to an increase in its volume.
• Increased amount of CSF (cerebral fluid) due to hydrocephalus.
• Infectious diseases.
• Prolonged use of glucocorticosteroid and psychotropic drugs.
• Pathologies (anomalies).
• Stroke.
• Hypoxia.
• Vasospasm.
• An increase in the volume of blood in the vessels.
• Migraine.
• Overweight.
• Disturbed metabolism.
• Too much vitamin A.

Elevated ICP can be seen as individual disease or as a reason accompanies other ailments, namely:

Children infancy suffer from increased ICP due to complications during a woman's pregnancy or a birth injury.

A sharply increased intracranial pressure that has not received the necessary emergency assistance.

Also, characteristic complications increases in ICP can be:

• epileptic seizures.
• Mental disorders.
• Stroke.
• Visual impairment, blindness.
• Pinching of the cerebellum, leading to respiratory failure, muscle weakness.

Ways to lower intracranial pressure

To get rid of the symptoms of increased pressure inside the skull, you can use many techniques. But only the attending physician can determine the desired treatment regimen for the disease.

1. Non-surgical treatment- the appointment and use of diuretic drugs and the use of food with low content salt (salt retains fluid in the body).
2. Surgical therapy. In cases where medication is ineffective, the resulting excess CSF (cerebrospinal fluid) is pumped out using an inserted catheter or a structural neoplasm is removed.
3. Ethnoscience. Reception of kidney diuretic teas, which contribute to the withdrawal excess fluid from the body; also herbal medicine based on soothing and dilating blood vessels herbal preparations, they relieve spasms of blood vessels and expand the distance between the walls of blood vessels, improve blood circulation in the brain.
4. Alternative Methods- this is the appointment of massages, special therapeutic exercises. Such techniques are effective in case of obstructed venous outflow, which provokes an increase in pressure, it appears due to spasms of the muscles of the neck or cervical vertebrae, which compress the veins, preventing normal blood flow.

An increase in intracranial pressure may be situational, single in nature in cases physical activity or because of a change weather conditions(weather dependence).

Ways and methods of treatment of increased intracranial pressure

In order to choose a method of therapy for increased ICP, it is necessary to establish the root cause of its occurrence. It does not matter which method of treatment is chosen, the main thing is under the supervision of a doctor. It is desirable to combine the treatment of the underlying disease, the difference of which is increased ICP, and the treatment of symptoms of increased ICP. Comprehensive treatment is more effective than separate sequential treatment.

Can be assigned and applied the following ways treatment:

• Diuretic drugs - Mannitol - contribute to the removal of excess fluid from the body.
• Drugs to eliminate venous congestion blood.
• Caffeinated drugs that also have a venotonic effect.
• Potassium-containing drugs that increase brain nutrition by improving electrolyte balance and tissue metabolism.
• Corticosteroid hormones that neutralize cerebral edema after a traumatic brain injury or stroke.
• Myotropic antihypertensive drugs have a vasodilating, antispasmodic effect.
• Antibacterial agents to avoid various neuroinfections.
• Neurodynamic drugs are used to improve brain function, promote the activation of mental processes and the memory mechanism.
• Sedatives calm the CNS vasodilating action, improve the quality of sleep, brain function.
• Complexes of vitamins improve metabolism, strengthen the body.
• The surgical method is used by inserting a catheter into the skull to pump out excess cerebrospinal fluid.
• Physiotherapy: electrophoresis using substances of the phosphodiesterase inhibitor group is used to improve brain nutrition; massage, exercise therapy, etc.
• Alternative medicine.

Therapy for increased intracranial pressure occurs in stages, depending on from the level of neglect of the disease:

• І stage- the cause of the disease is eliminated. If the cause is a tumor, a hematoma, then the patient undergoes an operation to remove it. If the reason is an excess of CSF, then a bypass operation is performed, the essence of which is to create an additional channel for the removal of cerebrospinal fluid
• II stage- influence on the level of ICP with the help of medications. Osmotic diuretics are used to control the level of cerebral fluid, hormonal agents, nootropic drugs mixed action.
• III stage- Surgical procedures. Insertion of a catheter for pumping out excess cerebral fluid (liquor).
• IV stage- Compliance with the diet. Limiting the amount of salt consumed, observing the prescribed diet.
• Stage V – manual therapy.

AT rare cases after the ICP treatment drops to a critical level. In such cases, you need to know the accompanying symptoms:

• Weakness, lethargy.
• Dizziness.
• Nausea.

What should I know if I have symptoms of elevated ICP?

How to relieve the symptoms of increased ICP at home?

1. Running helps bring blood pressure back to normal. It is important to even out breathing while running. Gymnastics, swimming, walking on fresh air and other increased activity.
2. Excess weight is the cause of increased ICP, which must be eliminated. Gotta start leading healthy lifestyle life, habits proper nutrition. Eat less fried, fatty and salty foods and more fruits and vegetables.

1. It is recommended to put a thin pillow under your head before going to bed, which will not press down on the neck veins and impair blood flow to the brain.
2. Massages of the head and collar area help to improve well-being and blood circulation.
3. You need to quit bad habits. Nicotine renders vasoconstrictor action which impairs blood flow.

Treatment of increased ICP with folk remedies

Regarding alternative medicine, there is also a sufficient amount ways to normalize intracranial pressure.

1. Proven methods: combining honey and lemon juice, decoctions of wild rose, plantain, motherwort.
2. Tea to improve the functioning of the kidneys, adrenal glands, which have a diuretic effect.
3. Peppermint oil: 10 drops diluted in 1 glass of water and taken 2 times a day after meals. Maintains blood vessels in good shape, maintains elasticity.
4. Mustard foot baths. Stimulates blood circulation. Soak your feet for 10-20 minutes in a solution of powdered mustard with warm water.
5. Self-massage of the head with a mixture of honey and pollen. The mixture prepared in advance should be infused in a dark place, then applied with massage movements to the back of the head and wrapped with a towel.
6. Alcohol tinctures. Mix tinctures of eucalyptus, valerian, hawthorn, motherwort and mint. Eucalyptus and mint are taken in 0.25 parts, everything else in one part. Add cloves and place in a dark container. Take this mixture 3 times a day, 25 drops. This method helps to improve the outflow of cerebrospinal fluid and has an antispasmodic effect on the veins.

It is worth remembering that only a doctor can determine necessary treatment. Traditional medicine techniques will help remove symptoms for a while until you go to the doctor, who will select the necessary drug.

Myths and truth about increased intracranial pressure

If one or more symptoms of increased intracranial pressure are detected, an urgent need to contact a doctor who will diagnose the patient's condition and refer him for further treatment. Different stages of the disease require different approaches ranging from medications to surgery.

Probably all of us experience problems like this from time to time. slight dizziness, minor headaches, blurred vision, etc. Most often, these problems are associated with increased intracranial pressure. Unfortunately, not everyone gives this disease due attention. But, sometimes such symptoms can, in turn, be signs of much more serious problems: hemorrhages, tumors, hematomas, etc.

Frequent increases in ICP should be a signal that it is time to be examined by a neurologist.

An increase in intracranial pressure is an imbalance between the pressures of blood vessels and cerebrospinal fluid inside the cranium in favor of the latter. According to statistics, periodically appearing symptoms of such an ailment occur in 30% of the inhabitants of our planet.

How is intracranial pressure measured in an adult?

• One of frequent procedures a comprehensive examination to identify this disease is an examination of the fundus. This procedure is carried out in the optometrist's office. A special solution is instilled into the patient's eyes to dilate the pupils. Then, using an electric ophthalmic mirror, the ophthalmologist should identify the symptoms of ICP. These include: dilated tortuous retinal vessels, changes in eye contours, disc color and tissue
• If the oculist reveals the above ailment, then the patient should go to a neurologist. Most often, this specialist prescribes magnetic resonance imaging of the brain to make a diagnosis. A patient wearing a helmet with wires connected to special sensors is placed in a field created by an electromagnet. The procedure lasts 40-45 minutes. If a person suffers from claustrophobia, then he will not be able to withstand such a procedure.
• You can also check if there is a problem with duplex scanning brachiocephalic arteries. They are responsible for supplying the brain with blood. Using an ultrasound machine, a specialist visually assesses the dimensions of blood vessels, the speed of blood flow and other important indicators.
• Another procedure by which ICP can be detected is rheoencephalography. A weak alternating current is passed through the patient's brain and the resulting changes in resistance are recorded. At the same time, a weak current that affects the brain is not felt or felt.
• But, the most accurate indicator of intracranial pressure can be achieved with the surgical insertion of a needle into the spinal canal. This procedure can only be carried out by a very experienced specialist. Even a small mistake can lead to a patient's disability

Norm of intracranial pressure in adults

The unit of measure for intracranial pressure is the millimeter of mercury. The norm for a child is 1-2 mm Hg. Art. And the norm for adults is 5-7 mm Hg. Art.

Symptoms of increased intracranial pressure in adults

Symptoms of ICP appear gradually.

• It can be pressing, bursting and pulsating
• Usually such pain appears immediately after waking up after sleep.
• Intracranial pressure increases with sneezing, straining, orgasm, and with a long horizontal position. This may cause nausea and "noise" in the head.
• With ICP, it is impossible to relieve a headache with analgesics.

In addition to a headache, a syndrome is very often a companion of such a problem. autonomic dysfunction. It shows up:

• sudden changes in blood pressure and heart rate
• constipation or bouts of diarrhea
• asthma attacks
• increased salivation
• increased sweating
• dizziness
• pain in the region of the heart
• irritability or apathy

In the very critical condition increased intracranial pressure is accompanied by symptoms that can be life-threatening:

• loss of consciousness up to coma
• loss of muscle strength
• severe dizziness preventing normal movement
• severe vomiting
• diction disorder
• dysfunction of the respiratory and cardiovascular systems
• urinary incontinence

Causes of increased intracranial pressure in adults

During the day, this fluid is completely updated 7 times. If more of this fluid accumulates in one part of the brain than is necessary, the problem described above will occur.

This disease has three most common causes:

• secretion of cerebrospinal fluid occurs faster than the body needs
• cerebrospinal fluid is not fully absorbed
• impaired patency of the cerebrospinal fluid circulation pathways

Each of the above causes of increased ICP can manifest itself due to:

• traumatic brain injury
• infectious diseases (meningitis or encephalitis)
• features of the brain structure obtained at birth
• oxygen starvation
• violations of the outflow of blood from the brain
• poisoning

Why is intracranial pressure dangerous in adults?

With such an ailment, the ducts and fluid cavities may increase in size (hydrocephalus). The skull is a closed cavity. With an increase in the ducts of the cerebrospinal fluid, the mass of the medulla decreases. Which can lead to critical consequences for health and normal life.

• If this does not happen very quickly, then the brain may have time to adapt to such changes. But, at the same time, he will “express” his dissatisfaction in the form of pain
• The more often such an ailment manifests itself, the more the sufferer will have a headache. This usually happens in the morning hours. An increase in ICP can also lead to fatigue, loss of efficiency, apathy and drowsiness
• People who have this disease often become susceptible to painful sensitivity to changes in atmospheric pressure, weather changes.
• With increased intracranial pressure, an adult may experience memory loss, visual impairment and general malaise.
• But, do not think that this problem can only cause discomfort, but does not threaten life. Frequent increase intracranial pressure over time can lead to the fact that the body can no longer cope with such a load
• The expansion of the channels and cavities of the brain, which occurs when increased ICP, can cause compression of the cerebral hemispheres and destruction of vital areas
• The most serious cause of the above problem is the blockage of the cerebrospinal fluid ducts due to the formation of a tumor.

Can raised intracranial pressure be cured?

But, in order to live a long and happy life, you need to carefully listen to your body. If you have symptoms of increased ICP, you should visit a neurologist. At early detection problems with this disease can be dealt with and normalize your health.

How to treat increased intracranial pressure?

• Treatment of increased ICP begins with finding out the reasons that led to this disease. If it was not possible to find out the cause of such an ailment, then measures are taken to remove excess cerebrospinal fluid from the body
• If the cause of this disease is a tumor, then measures are taken to surgical removal or chemotherapy. Also, surgery may be needed for intracerebral hematoma or aneurysm
• If the cause of increased ICP disease infectious nature, antibiotic therapy is indicated

With any of the above factors that led to the described disease, patients need to:

• avoid baths and saunas
• reduce salt and fluid intake
• avoid fried and fatty foods
• do physical therapy
• include diuretic drinks in your diet
• exclude physical activity
• eliminate stress and overexertion as much as possible
• always get enough sleep and deal with stress

People who have symptoms of increased intracranial pressure should give up bad habits. Manual therapy, acupuncture, laser therapy and other procedures can help in the treatment of this disease.

To reduce the amount of cerebrospinal fluid, diuretics are indicated.

Also in drug treatment can be used such drugs as:

With a sharp exacerbation of the described disease, it is required urgent hospitalization and treatment in a hospital setting.

To reduce the symptoms of increased ICP, therapeutic exercises have shown themselves well. With its help, you can not only alleviate the course of this ailment, but also reduce the dosage of the medications used in the treatment.

The following exercise helps to reduce ICP. A round cylindrical stick with a diameter of 3-4 cm is taken. It must be brought behind the back. Then lean against the neck and move from the back of the head to the shoulders for 15 minutes. You need to repeat this exercise 3-4 times a day.

In the most difficult cases, surgery may be required to help patients diagnosed with elevated ICP. These may include the following procedures:

• Installation of a shunt for the outflow of cerebrospinal fluid
• Hematoma removal
• Enlargement of the cranium by excision of the bone
• Excretion of cerebrospinal fluid

Each of these types of operations has many limitations and complications. Therefore, they are resorted to in extreme cases.

Decreased intracranial pressure in adults

Low ICP is also a cause of great trouble. Every fifth person in the world suffers from hypotension. An illness that can lead to a heart attack.

The causes of low intracranial pressure are most often problems with blood vessels. Due to which the brain will not receive enough oxygen and nutrients in the proper amount. The reasons for such a violation in the body can be:

• avitaminosis
• chronic fatigue
• intoxication
• infections
• allergic reactions
• bad habits
• depression and stress
• osteochondrosis cervical

Also, low ICP can be the cause of hormonal failure in the body.

Like increased intracranial pressure, hypotension has many symptoms. And the more of them appear at the same time, the more serious problem. These symptoms include:

• loss of working capacity
• fast fatiguability
• dizziness
• pain in the heart
• heaviness in the stomach
• flashes before the eyes
• fainting

Often, low intracranial pressure is the result of pregnancy or menstruation in women. Teenagers at the moment rapid growth this issue is also noted.

Treatment of low ICP is developed individually for each case. In this case, the following treatment options can be selected:

• prescribing medications
• herbal medicine and homeopathy
• physiotherapy procedures
• physiotherapy

If the symptoms of low ICP in a person are detected for the first time, then he is prescribed aerobic exercise. Also, a daily regimen is drawn up, which hypotensive patients should follow. It includes:

• healthy sleep (at least 8 hours a day)
• occasional visit to the pool
• daily contrast shower
• gymnastics
• good rest

• acupressure
• sodium chloride baths
• magnetotherapy
• cryotherapy
• reflexology
• iodine-bromine baths
• self-massage of the upper part of the neck
• electrosleep;
• darsonvalization of the neck, head and heart area
• electroplated collar
• breathing air from high content ozone

Thanks to these procedures, you can increase blood circulation and increase vascular tone.

If the symptoms of low ICP are not the first time, then taking medications based on caffeine and other substances that stimulate blood flow in the body is indicated.

As an alternative to drugs, this problem can be treated with herbal preparations with a tonic effect:

• Chinese lemongrass tincture
• hawthorn tincture
• Lure Tincture
• Eleutherococcus tincture
• Ginseng tincture

But even with the treatment of such means, it is necessary to consult with your doctor.

Folk remedies for intracranial pressure in adults

Folk remedies for the problem described are not a panacea. And you can't expect miracles from them. But, with their help, you can provide the body with good support. Traditional medicine, in addition to its effectiveness, has one more important quality. They do not burden the liver and stomach.

• Also, to treat this ailment, you can use a compress of alcohol and camphor oil. To do this, take these compress components in equal parts, soaked in this mixture soft tissue and apply it on the head before going to bed. To enhance the effect on top, you can wrap your head with cellophane
• Well helps to cope with the described problem tincture of clover inflorescences on vodka. You can do it yourself. Such flowers need to be insisted for two weeks. Then you need to dilute 10 ml of the resulting tincture in a glass of water and drink once a day.
• Another remedy for high intracranial pressure is a decoction of mulberry. To do this, 20 grams of branches of this plant are poured with a liter of water and boiled for half an hour. It is necessary to drink a glass of this decoction before meals.
• A mixture of lemon and garlic before bed (about 30 ml) will also help relieve the symptoms of increased ICP.
• Birch sap is also shown to solve this problem.
• Another proven remedy is a tincture of mint, hawthorn, valerian, eucalyptus and motherwort on vodka. To do this, herbs are mixed in equal proportions. For one tablespoon of this collection, you need 500 ml of vodka. It is necessary to insist such a remedy within 24 hours. To relieve the symptoms of high intracranial pressure, you need to take 20-25 drops of this remedy.

Intracranial pressure: reviews

Kira. I had a violation of the exchange of fluids in the region of the base of the skull. Nothing helped. Until I turned to a well-known osteopath. He examined me and said that he pointed out a slight injury to the cervical region, which could cause such a problem. After several sessions, the injury was removed. Intracranial pressure as if removed by hand.

Sveta. AT adolescence had terrible headaches due to ICP. Examination showed that the veins were dilated, which leads to different amount incoming blood and outgoing. They gave injections. Very sore. But she survived. After such a course, I almost forgot about the problem.

Video. How to DECREASE intracranial pressure? Mini massage

Intracranial pressure - very significant indicator in the diagnosis of the pathology of the nervous system, in the nature of the course of diseases not only of the brain, but also of the spinal cord. This type of hypertension reflects the level of fluid pressure in the ventricles of the brain, circulating through the spinal canal.

It is possible to measure the indicator of intracranial pressure quantitatively only with a puncture of the canal or ventricles of the brain. Not every doctor is able to perform the procedure correctly. It is not held in outpatient settings, only in the hospital. There are situations when specialists from neurosurgical clinics or departments have to be called for consultation and spinal puncture.

Difficulties arise at the stage of indicator evaluation. The interpretation of increased intracranial pressure is difficult due to the large “range” of the indicator: in mm of water column - 60-200, in mm of mercury - 3-15. It is impossible to replace the measurement with computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging. These methods allow only indirect signs intracranial hypertension.

What anatomical structures are responsible for maintaining normal intracranial pressure?

To protect brain tissue in humans, there are three shells:

• soft,
• arachnoid (arachnoid),
• hard.

About 1/10 of the volume of an adult's skull (150 ml) is filled with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Its main purpose:

• maintain the necessary balance of water and electrolytes in nerve cells;
• provide food;
• protect fixed structures spinal cord.

70% of the fluid is formed in the glandular cells of the cerebral ventricles, the so-called internal cavities of the brain (2 lateral, third and fourth). Up to 30% of the volume is replenished due to the release of the liquid part of the blood from the vessels into the cavity of the ventricles. A full update occurs every 7 days.

The common collector is the fourth ventricle. In it, the fluid collects and passes through a special hole into the space between the soft and arachnoid membranes (subarachnoid).

In the deep furrows and crevices of the substance of the brain, in the region of the base, there are 6 liquor cisterns. This is where fluid drains from the fourth ventricle and is absorbed by the cells. Waste leftovers are returned to venous vessels brain.

What happens when the circulation mechanism is disturbed?

Circulation failure is possible due to violations at any stage:

• change in the production of glandular cells;
• increased output from the arteries;
• mechanical obstruction to free flow in the ventricles;
• reverse suction.

As a result, an excess volume of fluid is retained inside the skull, which stretches the meninges and compresses the soft tissue structures. This is manifested by such symptoms of pathology as increased intracranial pressure.

In the clinic, it is important to distinguish the physiological increase in intracranial pressure from the manifestation of diseases. An increase in the indicator is detected when:

• stress;
• tilting the head forward;
• screaming, crying (in a child);
• after straining against the background of heavy lifting.

Hypertension in the skull normally increases almost three times without any symptoms of pathology. The decrease occurs spontaneously, therefore it is called benign intracranial pressure. It is believed that a similar normal rate present in 70% of newborns.

It is impossible to puncture a frightened baby

Intracranial pressure in adults responds to alcohol intake, increased stress during pregnancy. To distinguish physiological causes from possible pathology, it is necessary to exclude diseases with damage to the brain structures.

What pathological causes cause an increase in intracranial pressure?

It is impossible to treat a patient without knowing why the disturbing symptoms arose. Let us consider how the disturbed mechanisms of fluid circulation affect intracranial pressure.

One of the reasons is congenital anomalies. This applies to altered venous sinuses, hydrocephalus. Due to the reduction in the absorption of cerebrospinal fluid, it accumulates in the ventricles, compresses neighboring tissues and structures. AT childhood the size of the skull grows, the seams between the bone components diverge.

Pathology of pregnancy and labor:

• severe toxicosis;
• fetal asphyxia due to entanglement with the umbilical cord;
• protracted labor with weakened uterine tone.

The fetus experiences an acute lack of oxygen. In this case, an increase in the production of cerebrospinal fluid is reflex mechanism protection.

Inflammation meninges caused by infectious agents

Infectious diseases with brain damage:

• meningoencephalitis (source can be ticks, bacterial and viral infection);
• neurosyphilis (one of the forms of the chronic syphilitic process).

Any inflammation is accompanied by swelling and swelling of the brain tissue. The plasma is discharged through the wall of the vessels into the cerebrospinal fluid. Its volume is greatly increased. In addition, ordinary infectious diseases interfere with absorption, further increasing already elevated intracranial pressure. This mechanism is observed when:

• flu,
• bronchitis,
• inflammation of the middle ear
• malaria
• enteritis,
• mastoiditis.

High arterial hypertension of any kind causes an increased discharge of the liquid part of the blood from the vascular bed of the brain into the cerebrospinal fluid.

Increases in blood pressure at the same time intracranial hypertension

Impaired venous tone chronic insufficiency helps to reduce the outflow of blood and stagnation of fluid in the brain tissues. Changes cerebral circulation do not pass without a trace for structures that affect intracranial pressure.

At the same time, the internal cavities of the ventricles are stretched, squeezing the surrounding tissues. Nutrition of neurons is disturbed.

Increased intracranial pressure occurs as a result of the negative effects of certain drugs. These include:

• a group of corticosteroids (hydrocortisone, prednisolone);
• antibiotics (Tetracycline and its analogues);
• Biseptol;
• derivatives of nitrofurans (Furazolidone, Furadonin);
• hormonal contraceptives.

The action of drugs can cause the effect of a false tumor with cerebral edema and typical consequences.

Endocrine diseases are often accompanied by an increase in blood pressure, followed by intracranial hypertension. The process is especially characteristic of the pathology associated with the growth of thyroid-stimulating hormone and estrogen. Appears when:

• hyperthyroidism,
• obesity
• adrenal insufficiency;
• encephalopathy with liver damage.

Among the reasons you can not miss brain damage with:

• skull injuries (open and closed type);
• suffered a stroke;
• surgical interventions.

Once in the subarachnoid space, blood damages the villi that suck fluid into the veins of the skull. There is thrombosis with venous stasis.

What are the causes of low intracranial pressure?

The main reason for the decrease in CSF pressure is trauma to the skull, damage to the meninges with fluid leaking out. This mechanism is equally typical for adults and children. Similar action specifically achieved during therapeutic drainage of the ventricles of the brain or by lumbar puncture during brain surgery.

Other reasons are:

• prolonged spasm of cerebral vessels;
• chronic fatigue syndrome;
• avitaminosis;
• uncontrolled intake of diuretics with subsequent dehydration;
• chronic intoxication with alcohol, drugs, medicines;
• manifestation of a severe allergic reaction;
• infectious diseases;
• osteochondrosis of the spine in the cervicothoracic and thoracic regions;
• diseases of the heart and blood vessels, accompanied by hypotension;
• endocrine disorders that disrupt the normal hormonal balance(during pregnancy, during menstruation, before menopause).

As you can see, the list of reasons for the increase and decrease in intracranial pressure partially coincides. This confirms the individual reaction of each person.

Symptoms of increased intracranial pressure

Most common symptom indicating cerebral hypertension are headaches. They are called high sensitivity arachnoid to stretch.

Patients note that the head hurts much more when turning and bending, in cases of coughing and sneezing

This is due to the addition physiological mechanism aggravating the patient's condition. Important feature- increased pain in morning time. The symptom is caused by a long night horizontal position of the body. At the same time, the production of cerebrospinal fluid increases, and the outflow is difficult.

To the less permanent clinical manifestations relate:

• nausea, not dependent on food, may result in gushing vomiting, which does not bring relief, since it is associated with irritation of the center in the medulla oblongata;
• sweating - is paroxysmal in nature, accompanied by chills (a consequence of damage to the autonomic nodes of the nervous system);
• under the eyes of the patient there are persistent dark circles, they are not associated with pigmentation, but are caused by overflow and stagnation of the venous network of the skin of the lower eyelid;
• visual impairment in the form of double vision, narrowing of the fields is transient.

Focal neurological manifestations and changes mental status often come to the fore after headaches.

The patient notes:

• increased irritability;
• increased fatigue;
• apathy
• unstable mood.

These manifestations depend on the force of compression of the cortical centers and the medulla oblongata, the zone of the hypothalamus responsible for the formation of emotions.

Sometimes the patient is concerned about back pain. They point to high blood pressure in the spinal canal. If the damage concerns specific motor centers and cell nuclei, then the patient is found to have weakening (paresis) of the muscles on one or two limbs, in half of the body, loss of sensitivity.

Sometimes patients note a feeling of suffocation, lack of air, not associated with physical activity. The symptom may indicate compression of the medulla oblongata.

Doctors of different specialties take part in the diagnosis. Revealing focal symptoms and their localization is determined by the neurologist. The optometrist examines the fundus of the eye with an ophthalmoscope. In favor of increased pressure, the detected edema of the optic disc, a picture of venous congestion, speaks.

Benign intracranial hypertension

Benign or pseudotumorous intracranial hypertension is a rare pathology. It most commonly affects people between the ages of 30 and 40. It is known that women suffer from it 8 times more often than men. Overweight is observed in most young patients.

The reasons are not exactly known. Among the provoking factors:

• obesity;
• pregnancy with eclampsia;
• violation of the menstrual cycle;
• endocrine diseases ( reduced function parathyroid gland, Addison's disease, diabetic ketoacidosis);
• poisoning with salts of heavy metals (lead, arsenic);
• scurvy;
• medicines (except those already listed, vitamin A, psychotropic drugs);
• chronic renal failure;
• blood diseases (leukemia, anemia, hemophilia, thrombocytopenic purpura);

Intracranial hypertension is regarded as secondary, associated with the listed factors. A significant proportion of cases are considered idiopathic (unclear in origin).

Headache (90%) different intensity is the main clinical symptom, it was noted in 90% of patients.

Up to 75% of patients have vision changes, they usually precede the headache.

A distinctive feature of the pathology is the independent normalization of pressure, treatment is not required. However, relapses are repeated in 40% of cases.

Diagnostics

Only the attending physician can decide which diagnostic method to give preference to.

Spinal puncture is considered the most informative diagnostic method

To detect increased intracranial pressure, a comprehensive examination is necessary. Apply:

• puncture of the spinal canal with measurement of the index;
• magnetic resonance imaging;
• CT scan;
• electroencephalography.

Electroencephalography, ultrasound methods make it possible to indirectly judge the likely violations associated with increased pressure inside the skull. Not all methods are used in clinics. To determine their expediency, to send to the right institution should be a local therapist.

Treatment

Treatment of increased intracranial pressure should first of all be aimed at eliminating the causes that caused and maintain the pathology.

If there are no threats of compression of the brain tissue, then it is quite enough to conduct a course of drug therapy, physiotherapy exercises, massage, physiotherapy.

Three classes of medicines are considered effective:

1. Anti-inflammatory drugs (antibiotics, corticosteroid hormones) - have a directed effect on microorganisms, reduce allergic mood, eliminate tissue edema and intoxication.
2. Diuretics (Lasix, Diakarb) - reduce the production of cerebrospinal fluid by reducing chlorine-containing salts in the blood.
3. Potassium preparations (Panangin, Asparkam) - affect cellular metabolism, are especially indicated for cerebral hypertension caused by stroke, impaired venous circulation.

• Knotta and Nevrochel (advertised homeopathic remedies);
• Piracetam, Picamilon, Nootropil, Encephabol (nootropics);
• Cavinton, Vinpocetine, Cinnarizine and Sermion (from the group of venotonics).

Their use in cerebral hypertension showed a lack of effectiveness.

Physiotherapy methods

Reliable ways to reduce cerebral hypertension for many years are:

• Electrophoresis with a solution of Eufillin - through the electrodes of the collar zone, it is introduced into the vessels medicinal substance, which improves the nutrition of brain cells, relieving hypoxia and its consequences.
• Magnetotherapy - also removes cerebral edema through the collar zone, restores blood supply.
• Massage is performed in the region of the spine, its cervical region. It is recommended that you first complete a course of 15–20 procedures, then perform self-massage in circular motions twice a day for 10 minutes.
• Physical therapy exercises are aimed at relieving tension in the neck muscles. The elimination of their spastic contraction helps to reduce pressure on the vessels responsible for the outflow of blood from the brain. For the same purpose, acupuncture sessions are held.

A pair of electrodes is located in the collar zone, which contributes to the normalization of the work of blood vessels, wall tone, and provides the necessary circulation of cerebrospinal fluid.

Balneotherapy is actively used with the appointment of oxygen baths, a circular shower. These techniques affect the reflex zones with the help of temperature, massage with oxygen bubbles, which allows you to restore sensitivity, mental abnormalities.

When is an operation needed?

Surgery is required to treat the threat of compression of vital centers in the brain tissue. Neurosurgical operations to remove large formations (cysts, tumors) are carried out in specialized institutions under the control of magnetic resonance equipment. They consist in the formation of a complex system for the removal of cerebrospinal fluid from the cranial cavity to blood vessels, into the cavity of the heart, peritoneum.

Therapeutic spinal punctures are also surgical methods. They help in emergency remove the increased pressure by pumping out part of the liquid.

Modern endoscopic operations is carried out with a rigid apparatus through the created hole using craniotomy. The essence of the operation is the introduction of an endoscope into the third ventricle of the brain, the "drilling" of its bottom and the formation of an additional path for the outflow of cerebrospinal fluid through the venous cistern under it.

Treatment with folk remedies

Doctors consider it possible to use folk remedies if there is a clear connection between increased CSF pressure and osteochondrosis, obesity, venous insufficiency, frequent stressful situations. Recommended herbal decoctions and tinctures that improve blood circulation and reduce the production of cerebrospinal fluid.

In summer, young mulberry branches are harvested, chopped into small pieces and dried. The decoction is prepared by boiling two tablespoons of raw materials in a liter of water for a quarter of an hour. Then you should insist it for another hour. The tool contains a large number of vitamins, antioxidants, trace elements. It is recommended to take a glass three times a day. Healers promise a reduction in headaches after a week of treatment.

• hawthorn tincture,
• motherwort,
• valerian,
• peppermint,
• eucalyptus.

They are mixed and stored in a dark glass bottle. You can add a few sticks of cloves and let it brew for 2 more weeks. Take before meals 20 drops on a piece of sugar or dilute with water. It is recommended to be treated with monthly courses with breaks.

A decoction of black poplar buds has a diuretic and sedative effect. It is necessary to brew in a thermos 2 tablespoons per 0.5 liters of water. Take half a cup before meals throughout the day.

In cases of mechanical obstruction caused by a tumor, folk recipes can be not only useless, but also have a harmful effect on the cause of the disease. Therefore, their use is not shown.

What threatens the patient with increased intracranial pressure?

It has been proven that a single excess of liquor pressure of 400 mm of water column limits the vessels and tissue so much that everything stops. metabolic processes, there is a kind of ischemic stroke with the death of neurons.

Chronic long-term increase most often "disables" the structures of the cerebellum. This manifests itself in vestibular disorders, paresis, changes the behavior and emotions of a person.

Vestibular disorders include unsteady gait, sudden dizziness

When the structures of the brainstem are damaged, the ventricles, the pons varolii are displaced, the upper sections are wedged into the hemispheres, and the lower zones are infringed in the foramen magnum. Typical manifestations develop:

• bradycardia;
• muscle tone decreases;
• decrease in body temperature;
• pupils dilate in the absence of reaction to light;
• reflexes change.

Compression of the optic nerve can cause complete visual impairment up to irreversible blindness. Attentive attitude to the signs on the fundus allows you to anticipate the complication in advance and eliminate it.

Epileptiform seizures occur when certain areas of the brain are activated. Seizures, unlike true epilepsy, proceed more favorably.

Any signs of increased intracranial pressure require the timely adoption of therapeutic measures, finding out the causes. To do this, you should not endure headaches, you must contact your therapist. If necessary, consultations of other specialists should be planned in the survey design.

Increased intracranial pressure can be serious neurological symptom associated with the most various diseases. Intracranial pressure may increase with hydrocephalus, traumatic brain injury, brain tumors, meningitis, etc. Increased intracranial pressure may not disturb at all for some time, and then appear suddenly, debuting with severe headaches, sometimes with the addition of nausea and vomiting. The most common complaint in people with increased intracranial pressure is a sharp paroxysmal or monotonous headache, which, as you know, can accompany big list various diseases from hypertension to oncological processes. High intracranial pressure can lead to serious consequences: loss of vision, hearing, and even death. How to find out if intracranial pressure is increased or is it normal? In order to unequivocally answer this question, you need to know how to check intracranial pressure.

Clinical signs of high intracranial pressure:

• severe headaches, poorly relieved by analgesics, sometimes combined with nausea and / or vomiting;
  
• blurred vision (double vision, rapid decline vision);
  
• increased fatigue;
  
• in young children (up to 1 year old) - accelerated growth rates of head circumference, bulging of the fontanel, delayed psychomotor development.
  

To exclude or verify the syndrome of increased intracranial pressure, it is necessary, after consulting a neurologist, to undergo a series of additional surveys and consultations:

1. Ophthalmologist's consultation. An ophthalmologist should conduct an examination of the fundus. If the subject's intracranial pressure is really increased, then when examining the fundus, edema of the optic nerve head will be detected, which appears due to a violation of the outflow of blood from the retina. This sign is only an indirect confirmation of a change in intracranial pressure, however, if it is detected, this serves as a guide to conducting additional methods diagnostics (more expensive, for example, MRI, CT) and / or an indication for hospitalization in a hospital for inpatient additional examination and treatment.
   
2. Ultrasound of the brain. This method is used for the smallest patients (children under one year old), it allows you to determine the width of the ventricles of the brain. Detection significant expansion ventricles of the brain on ultrasound is another indirect symptom of a change in intracranial pressure.
   
3. Electroencephalography. With the help of this method of examination, the bioelectrical activity of the brain is assessed. Changes in certain indicators according to electroencephalography may be one of the manifestations of increased intracranial pressure.
   
4. Neuroimaging diagnostic methods. These include magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography. With their help, you can evaluate the ventricular system of the brain, exclude many diseases that can become trigger factor for an increase in intracranial pressure (brain tumors, malformations, etc.)
   
5. Spinal puncture. This is the most reliable and trustworthy method for studying intracranial pressure. Spinal puncture is a diagnostic method in which a special puncture needle is inserted into the subarachnoid space of the spinal cord with a pressure gauge attached to it, which allows you to set exact numbers intracranial pressure. Normally, these figures vary from 80 to 170 mm of water column. The puncture is performed only in a hospital (neurological or neurosurgical).