Significant expansion of the subarachnoid space. What is the expansion of the subarachnoid space

Hydrocephalus in medical practice is characterized as dropsy in the brain. This condition indicates an excessive accumulation in the cranial cavity cerebrospinal fluid.

Normally, there is a constant circulation of cerebrospinal fluid. The substance in the spinal cord and brain is washed on all sides by a clear, colorless liquid, which has various properties, the main ones being the protection and provision additional food. The external circulation of CSF in the brain occurs between the vascular and pia maters throughout the entire surface of the hemispheres and cerebellum. This surface is called the subarachnoid space. In the cranial base, under the brain, there are several more areas of fluid accumulation. They are called tanks. These sections are interconnected in different directions, form the CSF subarachnoid space in the brain and connect to a similar surface in the spinal cord.

The latter does not provide for a system of channels and a protective-trophic system of cells. subarachnoid space in the spinal cord back roots has a dense frame, consisting of fibrous fibers intertwined with each other. It should be noted that plexuses are present only here. The lateral subarachnoid space has no formations between the dentate ligament and the posterior roots. In front, between the soft and arachnoid membranes, there are collagen beams that do not create obstacles for the circulation of cerebrospinal fluid.

Atrophic hydrocephalus is a trauma-initiated passive process of replacing brain matter that is decreasing in volume with cerebrospinal fluid. The condition is characterized by simultaneous and usually symmetrical enlargement of the ventricles. At the same time, the basal cisterns and subarachnoid convexital spaces are dilated against the background of the absence of periventricular edema.

At the core atrophic hydrocephalus there is a diffuse process of an atrophic nature. Demyelination due to primary brain damage leads to a decrease in both gray and

The first manifestations of atrophic hydrocephalus can be detected after two or four weeks after TBI. Subsequently, either a long progression of the process or its stop is noted.

Experts classify the mild, moderate or severe form of the disease.

In the first case, a moderate one is noted, in which a slight expansion appears in the subarachnoid grooves and crevices - by one or two millimeters, as well as in the ventricular system.

Average degree the disease is characterized by more significant changes - an expansion in the subarachnoid grooves and crevices by three to four millimeters. In addition, a widespread decrease in density in the brain tissue of a moderate nature is possible.

The severe degree of the disease is characterized by a significant expansion in the ventricular system (CVI more than 20.0), in the subarachnoid grooves and crevices - more than four millimeters. In addition, there is a generalized decrease in density in the brain tissue.

It should be noted that the morphological severity and clinical manifestations of atrophic hydrocephalus are not parallel.

Accurate diagnosis performed using CT and MRI. Simultaneous and symmetrical expansion of the subarachnoid space, combined with an increase in the cerebral ventricles, the absence of periventricular edema, no doubt, speaks in favor of atrophic hydrocephalus.

On the early stages development of the disease, it is often possible to form sufficient and stable compensation for the patient's condition. However, at the stage of the disease, which has gone far, the prognosis is very unfavorable.

Galina Mikhailovna asks:

The basal cisterns are moderately dilated.
The chiasmatic area is without features, the pituitary tissue has a normal signal.
Subarachnoid convexital spaces and sulci are enlarged, mainly in the area of the fronto-parietal lobes and Sylvian fissures with moderately pronounced atrophic changes in the brain substance.
Median structures are not displaced.
Cerebellar tonsils are usually located.
In the white matter of the left frontal and parietal lobes, there are foci of demyelination (2) up to 0.5 and 0.6 cm in size, respectively.

Conclusion: MR picture of external replacement hydrocephalus. Focal changes in the substance of the brain of a dyscirculatory nature.
A 62-year-old patient is worried about headaches in the crown region and noise in her right ear.

You can decipher the description, otherwise none of this is clear whether it is worth going to the doctor, seriously. The doctor who made the description said that there was nothing to worry about. Thanks a lot in advance!

According to the examination, it is possible to judge changes in the brain typical for this age. However, in case there is clinical symptoms requires a personal examination by a neurologist.

Irina asks:

Hello!
I am 50 years old. I am very worried about headaches. I did an MRI of the brain. A picture of moderately severe external replacement hydrocephalus. Multiple focal changes in the substance of the brain, probably of a dissicular-dystrophic nature.
You can decipher the description, otherwise none of this is clear whether it is worth going to the doctor, seriously. Thank you!

In this situation, you should definitely contact a neurologist for a personal consultation. Focal changes - most likely are age-related. But the signs of hydrocephalus indicate a violation of liquorodynamics, this is what causes headache attacks.

Elena asks:

I am 51 years old. I was admitted to the vascular department with a diagnosis of a stroke of the brain, after treatment and discharge I underwent an MRI of the brain, where it was determined: in the white matter of the frontal and parietal lobes, foci of demyelization are determined, without signs of perifocal edema, most likely of dystrophic genesis. Lateral ventricles of the brain not dilated, with a moderately pronounced zone of gliosis along the periphery. The 3rd and 4th ventricles are not changed, the basal cisterns are moderately dilated. The chiasmatic region is without features, the pituitary tissue has a normal signal. cortical atrophy. The expansion of the perivascular cerebrospinal fluid spaces of the penetrating vessels is determined, mainly at the level of the basal nuclei on both sides. The middle structures are not displaced. The cerebellar tonsils are located at the BZO level. Conclusion: a picture of external replacement hydrocephalus. Focal changes in the substance of the brain of a dystrophic nature. Question: probable causes and prognosis for the future.

Specify your anthropological data, accompanying illnesses and current state. As well as the treatment received and the drugs used now. Read more about stroke.

Elena comments:

Thanks for the answer! I add: height 167, weight 80 kg. hypotonic type 110/70, menopause since 2006, without any features. She was admitted to the hospital after several attacks of a hypertensive crisis with all the symptoms of an ischemic stroke., after treatment with IV Actovegin, vitamin therapy, glycine, magnesium IV, was discharged under the supervision of a neurologist and further examination, continued treatment with indalamide, lisinopril , thromboasom, sermion. for a month, but dizziness, headaches, impaired coordination did not go away, currently I am undergoing treatment: mexidol IV, vitamins and the same drugs in tablets, R-graphy of the cervical spine did not even detect age-related changes, well-being improved, but only slightly. Stress, physical activity (except for gymnastics to remove body fat), alcohol consumption was not the cause of my health condition. I would like to know other probable reasons for preventing the recurrence of attacks and the prognosis. Maybe you should not pay attention, because the most important thing is that the arms and legs work and speech is not disturbed, but I really don’t want to wait for attacks with more serious consequences. Thank you very much in advance for the answer.

Elena, the most important thing is to set yourself up so as not to live in anticipation of the next attack. You need to achieve weight loss, constantly monitor arterial pressure take antihypertensive drugs. Be sure to control the level of cholesterol in the blood. Neurologist should be consulted for possible replacement diuretic. The forecast in your situation is favorable.

Elena asks:

Hello, I am 23 years old. Did an MRI of the brain. Made the following conclusion - MR picture external hydrocephalus. Single focal changes in the substance of the brain in the right frontal and right parietal lobes (discirculatory character? demyelinating process?). Tell me if I need treatment and is this diagnosis dangerous?

You need a comprehensive treatment under the supervision of a neurologist. In the absence of adequate treatment, damage to the central nervous system will progress leading to irreversible consequences. First of all, it is necessary to prescribe drugs that would normalize intracranial pressure.

Elena comments:

Tell me, please, is intracranial pressure treatable and can it be caused by constant work at the computer in sitting position?

intracranial high blood pressure in some cases, it is possible to stabilize with medication. In any case, to determine the cause of increased intracranial pressure and prescribe adequate treatment, a personal consultation with a neuropathologist is necessary. Prolonged work at the computer can be one of the factors for increasing pressure.

Elena asks:

I will repeat just in case. In September of this year, she was admitted to the vascular center through the SMP with a diagnosis of ischemic stroke, the diagnosis was made according to clinical data, although CT data for stroke was not received, after the course of treatment she was discharged with the doctor: ischemic stroke in the vertebrobasilar system. Cerebral atherosclerosis. Hypertension 3 risk4. IHD: atherosclerotic cardiosclerosis., for further treatment and observation by a neurologist. In October, she was admitted to the hospital with a repeated TIA, after treatment she underwent an MRI of the brain, where the stroke was also not confirmed (in conclusion: a picture of external replacement hydrocephalus. Focal changes in the brain substance of a dystrophic nature). Discharged with Dr.: consequences of ischemic stroke in vertebrobasilar basin with left pyramidal week, severe ataxia, dysphagia, elements of dysarthria. Dyscircular encephalopathy 2 with severe cognitive decline. Cerebrovascular disease. I was sent to a commission to establish disability, where it was refused, citing the fact that there was no stroke, and the rest does not correspond, although I need constant medication and observation by a neurologist. At present, my state of health is not satisfactory (constant headaches, unsteadiness, I cannot do the lightest exercises, I only move around the house). Question: did I have a stroke, as the doctors at the vascular center claimed? and is it worth it to apply again to establish disability, because you need to constantly purchase medicines, and there are financial difficulties, but you really don’t want to experience the humiliation once again to prove your bad condition health. According to the work book, I did not work for 10 years (I worked part-time for a private trader, now I can’t). Thanks in advance for the answer.

Unfortunately, in the event that the diagnosis of "stroke" is not confirmed instrumental methods examination (MRI), it will not appear in the documents of the VKK. In the event that you wish to reapply for disability status, you will need a thorough medical examination and consultation with a lawyer dealing with such issues, who will be able to advise you on the legally justified possibilities for assigning this status in your particular case. You can read more about stroke, methods of diagnosis and treatment of this disease in our section: Stroke.

Ainura asks:

I want to know. What are you waiting for me. Thanks

Can you please clarify your question again? In the event that you are sick, please specify your full diagnosis in order to receive an adequate consultation.

Marina asks:

Hello, please help! My father is 47 years old, he suffered from headaches for a long time, his right ear does not hear at all, numbness of the right side of his face. They sent me for MRI, MRI showed - In the right - cerebellar corner, a solid volumetric formation is determined, with clear even contours, irregular round shape 27x20x17 mm in size with an inhomogeneous hyperintense MR signal according to T2 VI, an isointense MR signal according to T1VI. In the white matter of the frontal and parietal lobes, foci of a discicular nature of irregular shape up to 4 mm are detected, without signs of a perifocal reaction.
Tell me, how serious is this? what consequences? and what to do??? Thank you. Sincerely, Marina.

AT this case it is recommended to consult with an oncologist to conduct a personal examination, study the results obtained during the examination and decide on further tactics of treatment and examination. In the event that on this moment the above complaints are present, the situation is very serious, a visit to the doctor should not be postponed, because any delay can only aggravate the situation and worsen the general condition. Read more about oncological examination by clicking on the link: Oncology.

Leah asks:

Hello! I have periodic severe headaches (several times a month). It starts with a headache, ends with vomiting, and there is no pressure. Recently I had vomiting all night with a temperature of 39. I donated blood, swarm 20, then 41. only - a slight expansion of the subarachnoid convexital spaces in the frontal and parietal lobes. What kind of expansion is this? What to do? Where to look for the cause? Thank you!!!

Julia asks:

Hello, I was 30 years old and had an MRI examination. worried about frequent headaches. After the MRI, the conclusion: “In the white matter of the frontal, parietal and left temporal lobes, small subcortical foci of increased signal intensity on T2 VI and FLAIR IP d up to 0.4 cm are determined. Please tell me what it is? And what could be the consequences?

The increase in signal intensity can be for several reasons. It can be of inflammatory or vascular origin, and can also be determined even in the absence of pathology. It is not possible to draw any conclusions based on the information you provided. First of all, you need to see directly the pictures, which should be evaluated in conjunction with other studies, your complaints. Only in this case it will be possible to speak about probable violations. It is also not possible to make a conclusion about the consequences, since they are assessed only after an accurate diagnosis has been established and adequate therapy has been carried out. In your case, I recommend to consult with a neurologist. Learn more about diseases of the nervous and vascular systems, causes of headaches, see the section: Headache

Julia comments:

Conclusion MR is a picture of focal changes in the substance of the brain, most likely, of a disciculatory nature. I would like to take this seriously???? So what's this??? and whether cancer or a stroke can develop from these foci, for example?

Discirculatory changes do not lead to the development of brain tumors, and the cause of a stroke is in extremely rare cases. You need to be regularly observed by a neurologist and receive appropriate treatment that restores normal microcirculation of the brain.

Tamara asks:

Tamara Leonidovna is 61 years old. have been diagnosed diabetes, hypertension of the 3rd degree, angina of the 3rd degree, asthma, 5 months ago there was a hypertensive crisis, on August 14, Bell's palsy, was sent for an MRI. conclusion of MRI: a picture of moderate phenomena of external replacement hydrocephalus. areas of gliosis changes in the left fronto-parietal region and the pons of the brain, of a postischemic nature. Focal changes in the substance of the brain, dyscirculatory nature. MR signs of intraosseous formation in the right parietal bone. At the moment, the improvements are minor, headaches, noise anxiety, trimer, weakness. The face has improved a little but is far from normal. Sugar on average 10-14mmg.

Nelly asks:

Hello! My mother is 51 years old. She often suffers from headaches, her blood pressure is normal. My mother made an MRI, here is the diagnosis - “MR picture of multiple finely focal changes in the brain substance of a dyscirculatory nature, not expressed mixed substitutive hydrocephalus” Please tell me if this is a serious diagnosis? And what will happen further? How can this diagnosis be treated. Thank you in advance!

In this case, if there are changes in the brain associated with impaired hemodynamics, if there are complaints, it is recommended to consult a neurologist for a personal examination and assessment of the state at the moment, as well as prescribing adequate treatment. With the appointment of timely treatment, the condition may improve and the changes will not progress. Read more about the causes of headaches in a series of articles by clicking on the link: Headaches.

Natalia asks:

Husband high heart rate(120 - 140 beats) headaches bother me.. There are seizures - very strange ones, the neurologist sent me for MRI, EEG. Here is what is written in the conclusion of the MRI MRI - a picture of external, internal hydrocephalus. Extension big tank. Single focal changes of vascular origin in the white matter of the cerebral hemispheres. Cystic expansion of the large cistern. The pain is very disturbing, but the neurologist prescribed only pills for epilepsy .. And my head hurts! and what to do?? what to drink for pain than to remove this fluid from the brain?? I read that diuretics, but which ones are possible? I'm desperate.........

According to the provided survey, there are pronounced violations: internal hydrocephalus, expansion of the ventricles of the brain, impaired hemocirculation, the presence of a cyst. In this case, you need to go complex treatment, the appointment of antiepileptic drugs is justified, tk. all of these changes can cause seizures. It is recommended to re-consult with a neurologist to resolve the issue of the need for hospitalization, for complex treatment, or for the appointment of adequate therapy in outpatient settings. It is also recommended to consult with a cardiologist to prescribe adequate treatment as well. pulse is much higher than normal. Read more about headaches in the section of the same name by clicking on the link: Headache.

Catherine asks:

I did an MRI of the brain angiography of the arteries of the brain. The conclusion of the MR signs of expansion of the subarachnoid convexital and perivascular spaces. Single focal-dystrophic changes in the substance of the brain measuring 0.2-0.3 cm. Based on the MR picture, no data for pathological changes in the cerebral arteries were detected .Podskazhite please what is it? And is it dangerous?

In the presence of such changes, a violation of the blood supply to the brain is possible. You need a personal consultation with a neurologist to evaluate the result in combination with clinical picture, complaints and anamnestic data. AT this moment There are no threatening and dangerous changes, but the selection of corrective treatment is required, which can be done by your treating neurologist. More about this study You can find out from the thematic section of our website: MRI

Ludmila asks:

MR picture of focal changes in the substance of the brain of a dyscirculatory nature, moderately severe diffuse bihemispheric atrophy

According to the results of the examination, there are signs of atrophy of brain tissues, perhaps atrophy is associated with insufficiency cerebral circulation. To clarify the situation, a personal consultation with a neurologist is necessary. You can read more about decoding MRI results in our section on this diagnostic method: MRI. You can read more about the examination by a neurologist and what questions you should ask this specialist in the section: Neurologist.

Barbara asks:

MRI showed focal changes, white matter of the brain, apparently of a vascular nature. it on how much is dangerous and to be treated?

nadia asks:

mr picture uneven expansion subarachnoid convexidal space. A solitary focus of gliosis of a disciculatory nature

Unfortunately, on the basis of the results of the examination you cited, it is impossible to draw a conclusion about the severity of the brain damage. You need a personal consultation with a neurologist to evaluate the results of the examination. You can read more about the examination of a neurologist and why it is needed in the section: Neurologist.

Nina asks:

MR picture of external replacement hydrocephalus, slightly pronounced. Single foci of demyelination in the substance of the brain of a dystrophic nature. what does it mean? do i need to see a doctor? I am 45 years old.

In this case, you should definitely be examined by a neurologist, since in the presence of replacement hydrocephalus, the doctor will be able to prescribe treatment for you depending on the data of the general examination, neurological status and existing complaints. You can learn more about this from the section: Hydrocephalus

Andrew asks:

MRI-picture of post-traumatic, postoperative zones of cystic-glial changes in the right hemisphere of the brain and in the right hemisphere of the cerebellum. Internal non-occlusive and external hydrocephalus.

MRI revealed hydrocephalus (internal and external), as well as post-traumatic and postoperative changes. In this situation, it is necessary to consult a neurologist, a neurosurgeon, a detailed study of the medical history and an assessment of the present neurological condition, which will allow choosing an adequate treatment (drugs that reduce swelling of the brain, improve microcirculation). I recommend that you personally consult with your neurologist. You can learn more about hydrocephalus from the thematic section of our website: Hydrocephalus

Marina asks:

Decipher, please, the diagnosis:

On a series of MR tomograms, weighted by T1 and T2 in three projections, sub- and supratentorial structures are visualized. The lateral ventricles of the brain are of normal size and configuration. Subarachnoid convexital space is locally unevenly expanded, mainly in the frontal and parietal lobes. Median structures are not displaced. In the white matter, in the region of the basal nuclei and semioval centers, the expansion of the perivascular Virchow-Robin spaces is determined. The cerebellar tonsils are located at the level of the foramen magnum. In the white matter of the frontal and parietal lobes, subcortically, single small foci of elevated T2 and FLAIR signals are determined, without signs of a perifocal reaction, probably of a dystrophic nature. Conclusion: MR picture of a single expansion of the arachnoid spaces in the area of the frontal, parietal lobes. Single focal changes in the substance of the brain of a dystrophic nature. Thanks in advance.

Denis asks:

Volumetric and focal formations in the brain are not determined. The ventricles of the brain are not dilated, the lateral ventricles are symmetrical. The dimensions of the lateral ventricles (at the level of the foramen of Monroe): right 8 left 8 Medium structures are not displaced. lateral fissures. The occipital cistern is reduced in volume, the cerebellar tonsils prolapse in the BZO up to 5 mm. worried about burning and tingling in the head and in different places, then in the frontal crown, then in the back of the head, then in the temples! Help tell me what's wrong with me and how to treat it please!

Unfortunately, only on the basis of the presented results of the study in the conditions online consultations it is not possible to prescribe treatment for you. I recommend that you personally visit a neurologist who will be able to compare the research protocols with your complaints and clinical examination data. Only then will it be possible to establish a diagnosis and begin treatment. You can get more information on this issue in the relevant thematic section of our website by clicking on the link: Computed tomography (CT)

Elena asks:

I'm 36 years old. For 10 days now, my head has been hurting a lot in the back right below, I didn’t suffer from headaches before. I did an MRI, that's what they wrote - focal changes in the white matter of the frontal lobes, the genesis is questionable (foci of vascular beliosis? Hemeelination process?) Moderate external hypotrophic hydrocephalus ... it's scary like that. Please, tell me what to do and what awaits me?

Elena comments:

Good afternoon, thank you for your participation! Passed additional examination, everything is fine with the eyes, the vessels of the neck are also normal, but the x-ray did not please - osteochondrosis and uncovertebral arthrosis, instability. Milgamma was prescribed and physiotherapy, but the head does not go away. Can osteochondrosis cause focal changes?

natalia asks:

Hello. I am 35 years old. So far, there is no way to contact a neurologist, so if you can, I would like to hear an explanation-decoding of my conclusion here, as well as possible consequences, preventive/treatment measures. The conclusion of the MRI: "There is an expansion of the subarachnoid spaces around the penetrating vessels of the GM in the basal-nuclear zones. In the region of the anterior horn of the left lateral ventricle single foci of a dystrophic nature 1-3 mm in diameter are visualized. initial dyscirculatory changes in GM. Everything else has not been changed according to the scripture. Thank you in advance!!!

These changes are age-related, of a moderate nature. In the presence of clinical complaints, a personal examination by a neuropathologist is required. Treatment can be prescribed only after a doctor's examination, depending on the indications. You can get more information on this issue in the thematic section of our website: MRI

natalia comments:

Thanks for the answer! Excuse me, I correctly understood that the presence of such complaints as poor memory, absent-mindedness, inattention, mental lability and instability, a tendency to depressive states, are not indications for an appeal to a neuropathologist? and can the above complaints affect the size and number of foci in the future? and also, such dystrophic foci and dyscirculatory changes as mine are not yet indications for the use of some drugs, for example, which improve the blood supply to the brain?

In any case, if you have any complaints, you should personally visit a neurologist who can prescribe you adequate treatment. You can get more information on this issue in the thematic section of our website by clicking on the link: Neurologist and neuropathologist

FATINYA asks:

Hello! I am 22 years old. They did an MRI of the brain. Conclusion: A single change in the brain of a dystrophic nature. Tell me how it is treated? Is it dangerous at all? Could this be against the background of cervical osteochondrosis, recently there was an exacerbation.

A single change in the brain of a dystrophic nature, as a rule, is a consequence of impaired blood circulation and vascular patency. As curative measures drugs are prescribed that improve cerebral circulation, microcirculation, and strengthen blood vessels. This condition is not threatening, but requires correction, so I recommend that you personally visit the attending neurologist, who will be able to prescribe you the appropriate treatment. You can get more information about this study in the thematic section of our website:

Lily asks:

Hello! I am 54 years old. I have frequent headaches on the right side of my head and face, sometimes I feel numbness on the right side of my head. Nausea, dizziness and weakness. Did an MRI. Conclusion: On the basis of the MR picture, data for a volumetric brain mass were not obtained. A solitary focus in the left temporal lobe, probably of a dyscirculatory nature. Cystic thickening of the mucous membrane of the right maxillary sinus. A variant of the development of the circle of Willis. A pronounced decrease in the signal from the blood flow in the intracranial segment of the right VA (hypoplasia?). It is impossible to exclude areas of stenosis in the A2 segment of the left ACA and in the P1 segment of the right PCA.
Can you please tell me how serious this is? Which specialist should be contacted?
Thank you.

In this situation, the complaints you have are most likely related to a violation cerebral circulation. With adequate treatment, existing symptoms can be eliminated. I recommend that you personally visit a neuropathologist who will prescribe you the appropriate medication. Read more about this study in the section: MRI

Anna asks:

Hello!
My husband is 37 years old, for about 10 years he has been suffering from constant headaches, while the pressure is normal. I had a concussion in my youth. Examinations (several years ago) by a neurologist revealed nothing, painkillers were prescribed. Lately my head hurts a lot. I did an MRI of the brain, according to the results: "Based on the MRI picture, data for focal and diffuse changes were not obtained. A slight expansion of the main and quadrigeminal cisterns. Edema of the mucous membrane of the left maxillary sinus, mastoid caverns on the left." What might this conclusion indicate? What other examinations need to be done to make a diagnosis? Thanks in advance!

These changes are possible in the presence of increased intracranial pressure, which may be a consequence of trauma. I recommend that you personally visit a neurologist, who, based on the available results, as well as taking into account the anamnesis and clinical symptoms, will be able to prescribe adequate treatment for your spouse. You can get more information on this issue in the relevant section of our website by clicking on the link: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) . Read about the causes of headaches and their diagnosis in the information section of our website: Headache

Oksana asks:

Hello! I am 43 years old, I had an MRI of the brain, the conclusion is a picture of moderate dystopia of the cerebellar tonsils. Single focal changes of vascular origin in the white matter of the cerebral hemispheres. What does "focal changes in white matter" mean? I am periodically disturbed by dizziness (when changing the position of the head, when bending down), pain in the back of the head.

Focal changes may indicate that blood supply is disturbed in certain areas, which requires medical treatment. Dizziness may be associated with dystopia of the tonsils of the cerebellum, since it is this organ that is responsible for the coordination of movement. I recommend that you personally visit a neurologist to prescribe adequate treatment. Read more about this study in the section of our website: MRI

Alena asks:

help decipher what is - Focal lesion of the left parietal lobe, Deterotopia of the gray matter? Are they drafted into the army with such a diagnosis?

Marina asks:

Hello! My son is 18 years old, the psychiatrist diagnosed him with depersonalization, direalization, MRI conclusion - A single focus of discirculation of the left frontal lobe. Cyst pineal gland 11x8x6 mm. Cyst of the intermediate sail. Moderate open internal hydrocephalus substitute character. Could these changes cause psychiatric illness?

Unfortunately, these changes may be the cause of the development of psycho-neurological disorders. You need to personally consult with a neurosurgeon regarding further treatment tactics, and I also recommend that you visit a psychologist who can provide real help in the correction of such manifestations. Read more about this in the section: Psychologist

Victoria asks:

Based on the results of the MRI, I received the following conclusion:
MR picture of uneven expansion of subarachnoid spaces. A single focus of demyelination in the right parietal lobe (probably dystrophic). Tell me, is this something terrible? What to do?

Expansion of the suarachnoid space is often observed due to craniocerebral trauma, increased intracranial pressure and transferred infections central nervous system. Foci of demyelination are often found in a disease such as multiple sclerosis. In this case, a personal study of the obtained images is necessary, therefore I recommend that you visit a neurologist who, after studying the study protocols, will be able to draw a conclusion, establish correct diagnosis and prescribe appropriate treatment for you. You can get more information on this issue in the section of our website: MRI

Galina asks:

I had an ischemic stroke twice (July 2008 and November 2011 - there are MRI study protocols). Today in July it was again - the legs gave up and again weakness. I made an MRI-conclusion in November: an MRI-picture of focal changes in the brain of a dystrophic and postischemic nature (past lacunar infarcts) of a nature. Mixed replacement hydrocephalus. Doctors are sent to the commission (VTEK). Worth it or not? (I have already been refused 2 times (after the first and now on October 1). Age-60 years, weight-58 kg, height 164.

In your situation, there are all indications for obtaining a disability group, the issue in this case is decided by the medical commission. I recommend that you prepare all the documents and visit the VTEK commission. You can get more information about your disease, its course and treatment in the thematic section of our website by clicking on the link: Stroke

svetlana asks:

Hello. My 27-year-old husband began to suffer from severe headaches. They did an MRI: on a series of MR weighted by T1 and T2, sub- and supratentorial structures were visualized in three projections.
The lateral ventricles of the brain are of normal size and configuration. 3rd and 4th
the ventricles, basal cisterns, are not changed. The chiasmal area is without features, the pituitary tissue has a normal signal.
Perivascular spaces of Virchow-Robin are expanded, mainly in the area of basal structures.
The roots of 8 pairs of cranial nerves in the region of the pontocerebellar angle can be traced from both sides, symmetrical.
The subarachnoid spaces are locally expanded along the convexitatal surface of the brain and in the region of the lateral fissures. The median structures are not displaced. The cerebellar tonsils are usually located.
In the white matter of the right parietal lobe, a rounded focus of gliosis, 0.5 x 0.4 cm in size, is subcortically determined, without a perifocal reaction.
The mucous membrane of the turbinates is thickened, the nasal passages are narrowed, the patency is preserved. The deviation of the nasal septum to the right by 0.5 cm is determined.
Conclusion: MR picture of external replacement hydrocephalus. Focal changes in the substance of the brain of a residual nature. Curvature of the nasal septum.
Consultation of a neurologist, otolaryngologist.
Laura was told that everything is fine. We live in the region for a consultation with a neurologist will not get soon. I'm very worried about what it is, how serious it is and whether it is curable.

According to this conclusion, there are signs of replacement hydrocephalus, which happens in such cases: increased intracranial pressure, changes in blood vessels and metabolism, encephalopathy, etc. Treatment in each case is prescribed by a neuropathologist based on the study of anamnesis, research protocols, personal examination and patient complaints. You should not worry ahead of time, but try to get to a neurologist in a timely manner, who can prescribe adequate treatment. You can get more information on the question you are interested in in the thematic section of our website: Replacement hydrocephalus

Andrew asks:

MRI of the brain revealed residual focal changes in the left cerebral hemisphere.
with mra of cerebral vessels, a violation of the course of the intracranial section of the right vertebral artery is determined.
explain in simple words what is this? and is it curable?

Residual change is a term meaning residual effects encephalopathy, that is, those changes that could have formed as a result of trauma, hypoxia, intoxication, etc. In the event that you have any complaints, you must personally visit a neurologist to conduct an examination and prescribe adequate treatment. You can find out more detailed information on this issue in the thematic section of our website by clicking on the following link: Magnetic resonance imaging

Faith asks:

In the white matter of the frontal, parietal lobes, numerous small foci of gliosis with fuzzy contours, without signs of perifocal edema, are determined subcortically and periventricularly. What is it in simple terms, does it mean that there used to be a micro stroke?

Gliosis foci can be figuratively compared with scars that develop in the tissues of the central nervous system as a result of past illnesses in particular: encephalitis, tuberous and multiple sclerosis, hypoxia, chronic hypertensive encephalopathy, epilepsy, long-term hypertension, disorders fat metabolism etc. This change does not indicate a microstroke. I recommend that you personally visit a neurologist to prescribe adequate treatment. You can get more detailed information on the question you are interested in in the thematic section of our website by clicking on the following link: Neurologist and neuropathologist

Galina asks:

Hello.. I am 46 years old. I recently had an MRI of the brain.. because for last month I had two hypertensive crises. I have hypertension and I take medications. Biprol, indopamide and lisinopril .. Until recently, there were no crises and I didn’t feel bad. headaches. MRI conclusion is as follows: MRI picture of arachnoid changes of liquor-cystic nature. Focal changes in the white matter of the brain, dystrophic. Periventricular zones of glial changes.. Tell me what this means and whether I need to contact a doctor.. Thank you..

Polina asks:

Hello! I am 20 years old.
The history of my illness is as follows: at the age of 4, episyndrome was diagnosed, there were 3 attacks, after 5 years the diagnosis was removed. At the same age, there were 2 craniocerebral injuries - strong blows on the back of the head.
At the age of 10, migraines began, every year they became more and more frequent. No painkillers are helping anymore.
Hypotension.
Migraine hurts right part head, spasms depart from the temple, twists the eye, cheekbone and jaw. Very very sick. It hurts to walk and talk.
Sometimes there are very strong sharp and dull pain in the back of the head and to the left of the top of the head: a few strokes and it's all gone.
Two months ago, pains began in the arms and legs: as if pressure points were pressed on the elbows and knees, such sharp attacks of pain, and then weakness.
I had an MRI and a duplex examination of the vessels of the neck a few days ago. The doctor diagnosed: VVD and moderate angioencephalopathy.
I have my doubts because some of the symptoms, such as seizures, are not explained by these diagnoses.
Here is what is written in the MRI: in the subcortical regions of the frontal lobes of both hemispheres, single foci of gliosis of a dystrophic nature are detected. There is an expansion of the perivascular spaces along the perforating vessels of the brain at the level of the basal ganglia at the supraventricular level.
In the conclusion on the duplex: signs of a slight extravasal impact V3 segment of the VA on the right with a slight drop.

Tell me, is it possible that the doctor made a mistake and I have something else or something besides this?

Unfortunately, it is possible that the previous seizures were a manifestation of a convulsive syndrome, which could be the result of injuries. I recommend that you also do an EEG, which will allow you to judge the presence or absence of a tendency to develop a convulsive syndrome. You can find out more detailed information on this issue in the relevant section of our website by clicking on the following link: EEG

Polina comments:

This is clear, thank you. What about foci of gliosis? I read that a brain tumor - glioma - consists of gliosis. Can it develop from isolated lesions into something more serious?

Gliosis foci and glioma are different concepts. Gliosis foci are the replacement of nervous tissue by neuroglial cells. Gliosis foci appear as a result of hypoxia, encephalopathy, encephalitis, prolonged arterial hypertension, multiple sclerosis and many other diseases. Treatment in this case is carried out by the underlying disease. You can get more detailed information on the question you are interested in in the relevant section of our website by clicking on the following link: Computed tomography - the latest diagnostic method

Ludmila asks:

Hello! I did an MRI at the age of 52. In the white matter and subcortical regions of the frontal, temporal and parietal lobes, foci of gliosis up to 0.4 cm in size are determined, without a perifocal reaction: please explain what this means? more likely, dystrophic in nature. MR signs of moderately severe mixed hydrocephalus replacement! How to understand this, please explain, and is it worth raising a panic about this !!! or not scary !!!

These changes do not cause panic - they are age-related and could result from hypertension, atherosclerosis, traumatic brain injuries, hypoxia, etc. In this situation, you need to visit the attending neurologist on a planned basis, who, after an examination, a thorough study of the anamnesis and an assessment of the results of the studies, will be able to prescribe you adequate treatment. You can get more detailed information on the questions you are interested in in the thematic sections of our website by clicking on the following links: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

Marina asks:

Hello, I am 20 years old. Here are the results of the mri.
Received T2 weighted and FLAIR tomograms of the brain in the axial projection, FLAIR tomograms - in the frontal projection, T1 weighted - in the sagittal projection. Focal formations, pathological changes in the intensity of the MR signal in the cerebral hemispheres, brainstem and cerebellum were not detected. Median structures are not displaced. The ventricular system is not deformed, of normal size. The lateral ventricles are slightly asymmetric (S>D). The cisternal spaces of the brain are usually expressed and symmetrical. The convexital subarachnoid sulci are unevenly expressed, the pattern of the sulci of the cerebral hemispheres is enhanced. Slightly expanded subarachnoid space of the parietal lobes, left occipital lobe and right lateral fissure. The pituitary gland is differentiated, not enlarged. Cerebellar tonsils on the Chamberlain line. Bridge-cerebellar angles without additional volumetric formations, internal ear canals not expanded.
Tell me, is this serious and who should I turn to for treatment?

These changes are not threatening and can be observed with intracranial hypertension, with replacement hydrocephalus and other pathologies, therefore I recommend that you personally visit a neurologist to prescribe treatment. You can get more detailed information on the question you are interested in in the relevant section of our website by clicking on the following link: Computed tomography

Nicholas asks:

Conclusion: MR-picture of ischemic stroke in the basin of the terminal branches of the left posterior, middle cerebral and partially anterior cerebral artery (acute-subacute st) against the background of small-focal changes in the white matter of the occipital, parietal lobes of vascular origin from both starons.
Woman, 54 years old, 110/65 sugar and cholesterol are normal. Recovery prospects. Thank you.

The existing changes are quite serious, therefore, they require monitoring in dynamics. You need to receive comprehensive treatment under the supervision of a neurologist, as well as continue monitoring, which will determine the prospects for recovery. You can get more detailed information on the issue that interests you in the thematic section of our website by clicking on the following link: Stroke. You can get additional information about magnetic resonance imaging in the relevant section of our website: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

Ludmila asks:

Hello, my son is 13 years old, in the last month he started having seizures, before that he had never had them. We were sent for an MRI.
MRI of the brain showed no mass lesions. Supra, paraventricularly at the posterior horns, small single foci, up to 2 mm in diameter, with a hyperintense MR signal in the T2w image are determined. Subarachnoid spaces are moderately locally enlarged over the surface of the brain. Sylvian fissures are not widened. The differentiation of the gray and white matter of the brain is not disturbed.
The basal cisterns of the brain (parasellar, interpeduncular, great cerebral veins, pontine) are not dilated.
The lateral ventricles are not dilated, symmetrical, at the level of the bodies on the right 8 mm, on the left 8 mm.
The third and fourth ventricles are not dilated.
The median line of the brain is not displaced.
The basal ganglia are unchanged.
Stem departments, area z.ch.ya. without features. Bridge-cerebellar angles without changes.
Turkish saddle - location, shape, contours, dimensions are usually visualized. The pituitary gland, its funnel and epiphysis are usually located, the shape and size are not changed.
Craniospinal transition without changes.
Eyeballs, retroorbital tissues and optic nerves without features.
Paranasal sinuses - local edema of the mucous membrane of the ethmoid labyrinth on the right, mastoid processes, middle and inner ear usually visualized.
Bone-destructive changes were not revealed.
At the level of C1-C4 in spinal canal- without pathological formations.
Please tell me how serious and dangerous it is for my son?

According to this conclusion, signs of intracranial hypertension are not excluded. To determine the nature of seizures, I recommend that you do an EEG and personally consult with a neurologist. You can get more detailed information on the question you are interested in in the thematic section of our website by clicking on the following link: EEG

Tatyana asks:

I was 39 and had an MRI without contrast.
Conclusion: MRI signs of calcification of the sickle, single vascular focus in the parietal lobe on the left, expansion of the CSF spaces.
Didn't understand a single word. What's this? The unknown is frightening.

These changes are not in themselves a diagnosis, they reflect visible changes that could be identified by computed tomography. In this situation, intracranial hypertension, changes in the vascular nature are not excluded, so you need to personally visit a neuropathologist for an examination, study of research protocols, comparison of the results with clinical symptoms, etc., after which the attending physician will be able to establish the correct diagnosis and prescribe an adequate treatment. You can find out more detailed information on this issue in the thematic section of our website by clicking on the following link: Computed tomography (CT)

Marina asks:

Hello! A 10-year-old son was diagnosed with focal gray matter heterotopia in the region of the central part of the left lateral ventricle. Please tell me what is it?

Gray matter heterotopia is not a diagnosis, this change characterizes a shift in the localization of gray matter in a certain area, which is a malformation of the brain. Clinical changes in this case may be absent. To determine further management tactics, a set of therapeutic and diagnostic measures, you need to personally consult with your neuropathologist, who will conduct a personal examination and evaluate changes in dynamics. You can get more detailed information on your question in the thematic section of our website by clicking on the following link: Computed tomography

Natalia asks:

Good afternoon! Age 36, frequent headaches. According to the MR picture, there are single foci of gliosis of a vascular nature in the white matter of the frontal lobes. Mild external hypotrophic hydrocephalus. According to x-ray data, SHOP - osteochondrosis, 2-4 period. Tell me what it is all together? Thank you.

Foci of gliosis are damage to the tissues of the central nervous system different nature. Proliferating glial cells are supportive cells of the nervous tissue that protect and help repair nervous tissues. Given the vascular nature of gliosis, its likely cause is vascular disorders that could occur against the background of vascular disorders - arterial hypertension, encephalopathy, impaired cerebral microcirculation, as a result of trauma, etc.

I recommend that you personally visit a neuropathologist for an examination, a thorough study of the research protocols and the appointment of adequate treatment. You can get more detailed information on the subject of your interest in the thematic section of our website by clicking on the following link: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

Natalia comments:

Thanks a lot for your answer. Whether it is possible to specify, this diagnosis is how much serious.

This conclusion in itself is not a diagnosis, but only reflects the changes that have developed against the background of the disease. Your attending neuropathologist can establish an accurate diagnosis after studying the study protocols, familiarizing yourself with the anamnesis data, complaints and conducting a personal examination. You can get more detailed information on the issue of interest to you in the thematic section of our website by clicking on the following link: Neurologist and neuropathologist

Natalia asks:

Please tell me what the conclusion means
MRI of vasogenic brain lesions, I am 49 years old, thanks in advance
how to proceed

This conclusion testifies to vascular changes which may be age-related, associated with cerebrovascular disease, encephalopathy, hypertension, etc. In this situation, I recommend that you personally visit a neurologist to prescribe adequate treatment. You can get more detailed information on the question you are interested in in the thematic section of our website by clicking on the following link: MRI

Elena asks:

Small-focal process in the white matter of the frontal and parietal lobes, the picture is non-specific, it is possible with the outcome of perinatal damage, with angioencephalopathy 1 tbsp. Suspicion of pituitary microadenoma, prima clinic. Left sinusitis. Please decipher. 7 years ago, an operation was performed on the thyroid gland, hemithyroidectomy with the removal of paratracheal fat on the left, I took L-teroxin, TTG 1.9

Given the suspicion of a pituitary microadenoma, a personal study of the study protocols and monitoring over time is required, which will allow you to establish the correct diagnosis and prescribe adequate treatment, so I recommend that you personally visit a neurologist.
You can get more detailed information on the question you are interested in in the relevant section of our website by clicking on the following link: Computed tomography (CT) Neurologist and neuropathologist.

To adjust the dose of L-Thyroxine, it is necessary to evaluate the function of the thyroid gland, so you need to pass a detailed analysis for thyroid hormones, including the following indicators: TSH, T3, T4, AT-TPO, as well as an ultrasound of the thyroid gland, after which you will personally consult with your doctor endocrinologist. additional information on this issue you can get in the sections: Thyroid gland - hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, as well as in the section: Endocrinologist

Svetlana asks:

Good afternoon! A 2-year-old child has a white matter cyst on tomography on the left and an expansion of n / cerebrospinal fluid. Is it dangerous? When do I need to do a second tomography?

In the presence of such changes, observation in dynamics is recommended, including repeated tomography after 6-12 months. You can get more detailed information on the question you are interested in in the relevant section of our website by clicking on the following link: Computed tomography. Additional information you can also get in the following section of our website: Neurologist and neuropathologist

Julia asks:

Good afternoon. the child was given 2 g 3 m MRI, in conclusion they write signs of a focal formation of a cystic nature in the white matter of the temporal lobe of the left hemisphere goal. brain -local extension perivascular space of Virchow-Robin, or a small cerebrospinal fluid cyst. what does it mean and what does it mean. The child has sleep apnea. Could this cause what is shown on the MRI to be apnea?

Unfortunately, without a personal study of the study protocols, it is not possible to draw a conclusion. However, such a symptom as apnea can be caused by a CSF cyst, so I recommend that you personally consult with a pediatric neurologist or neurosurgeon, as well as continue monitoring over time - MRI should be repeated at least once a year. You can find out more detailed information on this issue in the thematic section of our website by clicking on the following link: MRI. You can also get additional information in the following section of our website: Neurologist and neuropathologist

Elena asks:

conclusion: MR signs Arnold-Chiari I anomalies. Small focal changes frontal lobes of both hemispheres of dyscirculatory genesis

The Arnold-Chiari anomaly is congenital pathology rhomboid brain, often combined with hydrocephalus. If a the only symptom of this disease is a pain symptom, then it is prescribed conservative treatment, including muscle relaxants and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. In the event that the effectiveness of such treatment is not observed and signs of a neurological deficit appear (numbness and weakness in the limbs), then it is recommended surgery.

I recommend that you personally visit a neurosurgeon who, after examining and studying the protocols of the study, will prescribe an adequate treatment for you. You can get more detailed information on the issue of interest to you in the thematic section of our website by clicking on the following link: Computed tomography (CT) . You can also get additional information in the following section of our website: Neurologist and neuropathologist

Valentina asks:

Hello, please explain the MRI diagnosis - a picture of external internal hydrocephalus. Dystopia of the tonsils of the cerebellum.

The changes found as a result of the study are mainly related to vascular disorders, that is, they could arise due to arterial or intracranial hypertension, atherosclerosis, etc. I recommend that you personally consult with the attending neuropathologist, who, after a thorough study of the study protocols, examination and study of the anamnesis data, will prescribe you adequate treatment.

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). You can also get additional information in the following section of our website: Neurologist and neuropathologist

Natalia asks:

Good afternoon! Decipher, please, MRI. Dad is 55 years old, he has frequent headaches, lately he often has chills, shakes his whole body for 10-15 minutes, then passes. MRI shows multiple foci of hyperintense MR signal on T2WI and FLAIR ranging in size from 3 to 9.4 mm without perifocal edema.
The third ventricle, up to 4.4 mm wide, is located centrally. On MR angiography, the basilar artery is elongated and wide. There is asymmetry of the vertebral arteries, the right one is narrower than the left one. Conclusion: focal changes in the brain of a vascular nature, an elongated basilar artery.
This is dangerous? retrocerebellar cyst

Thanks in advance for your reply!

A retrocerebellar cyst is a formation in the form of a cavity or bladder filled with fluid. Such a formation can occur in any part of the brain. In modern practical medicine such formations are not considered pathological and are considered as one of the options for the structure of the brain. Most often, they are discovered by chance during an MRI, since they are not accompanied by any complaints.

The expansion of the perivascular spaces in the area of the basal structures, as well as the expansion of the subarachnoid convexital spaces, are signs of external replacement hydrocephalus - the accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid in the ventricular system of the brain due to the fact that its movement to the places of absorption into the circulatory system is difficult. I recommend that you personally consult with your neuropathologist to conduct an examination and prescribe adequate treatment.

You can get more detailed information on the issue of interest to you in the thematic section of our website by clicking on the following link: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) . You can also get additional information in the following section of our website: Neurologist and neuropathologist

Hope asks:

I suffer from headaches, I turned to a neurologist and sent for an MRI. MRI gave a conclusion: MRI picture single focus demyelination in the substance of the brain. It is also written that in the right frontal lobe, a focus of increased intensity of the MR signal up to 0.5 cm in size with fuzzy contours is determined subependymally - a focus of demyelination of a residual nature. I would like to know the decoding of the diagnosis, because my neurologist cannot decipher and how to treat such a disease, headaches still torment, the right side of the face comes to numbness, the neck hurts.

The appearance of foci of demyelination is not a diagnosis, it is a symptom that occurs when a group neurological diseases autoimmune nature and in some cases multiple sclerosis. Also, foci of demyelination can occur after suffering encephalitis, meningitis, influenza, borreliosis, yersiniosis, and brain injuries. In this situation, a detailed examination of the neurological status is recommended, therefore I recommend that you visit the attending neurologist, and a study is also required. immune status, in connection with which you need to make an immunogram and personally consult with an immunologist.

Neurologist and neurologist. You can also get additional information in the following section of our website: Immunity is the basis of good health

Alice asks:

Hello!
I am 21 years old. From the age of 14 VVD and hypotension, anemia. They treated him permanently with injections, prescribed massage, exercise therapy, physiotherapy, drank mainly Piracetam, Cavinton, Glycine, vitamins. In June there was an exacerbation: headaches, deterioration of memory, vision, poor sleep, emotional outbursts, depression, fatigue, nosebleeds appeared, with heat and weather changes fainting. previous x-ray diagnoses: signs of hypertension. Has addressed to the neuropathologist has sent on MRT.
in the white matter of the left frontal lobe, a linear section of a hyperintense T2-WI T2-TIRM mr signal up to 0.4 by 0.2 cm is determined paraventricularly. A vessel lumen is visualized in the area of the zone of changes.
everything else is within the normal range.

The MRI concluded:

MRI picture of a single focal change in the left frontal lobe.

Decipher please the diagnosis of MRI and give recommendations, if you can.

Such changes may be of vascular origin, but, unfortunately, personal study of study protocols is required for evaluation. I recommend that you personally visit the attending neurologist, who will conduct an examination, study the study protocols and after that will be able to give further recommendations.

Ella asks:

Hello! Help me figure out my problem. I'm 36 years old. Six months ago, my head began to hurt sharply. There was a strong jump in pressure 170/110. At the moment, the head constantly hurts (whiskey, back of the head - pain it can be different), at night, including, it lays the ears, the pressure periodically rises to 150/110, sometimes the hands go numb, or there is a tingling sensation in the fingers, I feel that vision is decreasing. It also hurts the neck and spine in the upper part. I went through some tests. Here are the results. SKT SHOP-Determined by a decrease in the height of the intervertebral spaces in the C2-7 segments; sealing the end plates of bodies C2-7; marginal bone growths along the anterior contour of the C4-6 apophyses. Manifestations of uncoarthrosis C4-5 and C5-6 are noted. In the atlanto-axial joint, an uneven narrowing of the joint space is determined, subchondral sclerosis articular surfaces, marginal osteophytes. Conclusion: CT signs of widespread osteochondrosis of the cervical spine. Arthrosis of the atlanto-axial joint, uncoarthrosis. MRI of the head - subarachnoid convexital spaces are slightly expanded in the parasagittal parts of the fronto-parietal regions, single furrows are slightly deepened. MR picture of slight external open hydrocephalus. MR signs of moderate inflammatory changes mucosa of the maxillary sinuses. ECHO-displacement of the median structures was not detected. Hydrocephalic signs are weakly expressed. The M-echo signal is split. Ultrasound of the heart - conclusion: moderate hypertrophy of the left ventricle, impaired diastolic function. Ultrasound of the brachiocephalic vessels - conclusion: the tortuous course of the vertebral arteries on the right and left is hypodynamically significant in segments 1 and 2. Speed indicators in vertebral arteries on the right and left are increased (more on the right) - violation of blood flow. Venous dysfunction on the VAV on the left. Ultrasound of the kidneys - no pathologies. Examination by an ophthalmologist - angiopathy of the retinal vessels (signs of moderately severe intra/cranial hypertension). 11.00), high-density lipoprotein 1.13 (norm >1.15), atherogenic index 3.04 - risk of atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease (norm 0.00-3.00). Are these test results the cause of my headaches, and what treatment is needed? Thanks in advance!

Given the data provided, it is possible that your condition is due to many reasons, including hypertension, ischemic heart disease, widespread osteochondrosis and intracranial hypertension syndrome. I recommend that you personally consult with your attending cardiologist and neuropathologist, who, after the examination, will prescribe you a comprehensive, adequate treatment.

You can get more detailed information on the question you are interested in in the thematic section of our website by clicking on the following link: High blood pressure. Arterial hypertension and in a series of articles: Osteochondrosis

Svetlana asks:

in the cerebral hemispheres - foci, hyperintense on Flair (residual changes). What does it mean?

Please indicate the age of the patient, after which we can interpret the existing changes. You can find out more detailed information on this issue in the thematic section of our website by clicking on the following link: EEG (Electroencephalogram). You can also get additional information in the following section of our website: Neurologist and neuropathologist

popova asks:

Age 22 years. Violations occur throughout the year menstrual cycle, concrete daub in the middle of the cycle. Menses always come on time. She underwent an examination, no infections were found, the harmots also seem to be normal. They sent me for an MRI of the pituitary gland. Results: the pituitary gland is usually located, has dimensions: sagittal - 1.2 cm; vertical - 0.7 cm; frontal -1.6 cm.
The contours of the pituitary gland are clear, even, its structure is one-year due to a small cyst of the intermediate zone with a diameter of up to 0.2 cm. The neurohypophysis is clearly differentiated by T1 VI. The infundibulum is located sagittally, the optic chiasm is without features, the distance from the superior pituitary cone to the chiasm is 0.3 cm. The siphons of both ICAs are without features. Mediobasal departments temporal lobes th are not changed, the distance between them is 2.9 cm. The sagittal size of the entrance to the Turkish saddle is 0.7 cm. Conclusion: MR picture of a small cyst of the intermediate zone of the pituitary gland.
Tell me what does it all mean? And is it related to menstrual irregularities? What to do with a cyst?

The presence of a cyst in the intermediate zone of the pituitary gland can lead to menstrual irregularities, provided that this feature is accompanied by a violation of the hormonal background. To obtain an objective picture, we recommend that you take a blood test for sex hormones and personally visit an endocrinologist. You can get more detailed information on this issue in the thematic section of our website by clicking on the following link: Hormonal tests - types, principles of conduct, diagnosed diseases.

You can also get additional information in the following section of our website: Hormonal disorders in men and women - causes, symptoms, methods of treatment and in a series of articles: Changes in the vascular nature detected as a result of MRI can be associated with dyscirculatory encephalopathy, intracranial hypertension, past injuries heads, etc. The presence of a maxillary sinus cyst requires a more detailed consideration and careful study of the examination protocols, therefore we recommend that you personally visit both a neurologist and a maxillofacial surgeon who will examine you and prescribe adequate treatment (conservative or surgical, depending on the exact location of the cyst, its size). , growth dynamics, etc.).

Lusine asks:

Hello! Thanks in advance. I am 29 years old, due to frequent headaches, I had an MRI of the brain and an MRA. Conclusion: MR picture of single small foci of altered signal in the white matter of the frontal lobes, more likely of a vascular (dystrophic) nature. Solitary small cysts on the right maxillary sinus. A variant of the development of the circle of Willis.

These changes are not pronounced or threatening: the developmental variant of the circle of Willis means an anatomical feature and is not a pathology; single small foci in the white matter can be formed with long-term vegetative-vascular dystonia, arterial hypertension, intracranial hypertension, etc. I recommend that you personally visit the attending neuropathologist for an examination and the appointment of adequate treatment.

sergey asks:

mr picture of the white matter of the brain, more likely, discircular genesis, expansion of the subarachnadal space of the convex. this is the last mri. and this is on the electroencelophogram.
EEG data suggest general changes bioelectrical activity of the brain of an irrative nature against the background of dysfunction of stem structures with paroxysmal activity from the fronto-central region and local paroxysmal activity from the right fronto-center-temporal region .. lowered threshold convulsive readiness mediobasal formations in the temporal lobe of both hemispheres. indirect signs of intracranial hypertension.
doctor what is it and what to do?

According to the conclusion provided, you have moderate changes in the bioelectrical activity of the brain, there are signs of moderate intracranial hypertension, as well as a decrease in the threshold for convulsive readiness, that is, the possibility of developing a convulsive syndrome is not ruled out. We recommend that you personally visit a neurologist for an examination and the appointment of adequate treatment.

The subarachnoid space is a cavity between the arachnoid and soft meninges head and spinal cord. This space is filled with CSF or cerebrospinal fluid. The fluid is involved in protecting and nourishing the brain.

What is the subarachnoid space? The subarachnoid space contains up to one hundred and forty milliliters of cerebrospinal fluid, which flows from the brain through openings in the fourth ventricle.
Its maximum is contained in the tanks of space, which are located above the large cracks and furrows of the brain.

The subarachnoid space is divided by the dentate ligaments and the cervical septum, which are fixed.

The reason for the expansion of the subarachnoid space

Local expansions of the subarachnoid space are a signal of disturbances in the normal circulation of CSF. This may be due to trauma, tumors, or infectious diseases of the central nervous system. Undoubtedly, such a condition requires direct consultation with a neurologist or neurosurgeon and appropriate examinations.

The fact is that very often the expansion of the subarachnoid space is a symptom of hydrocephalus or increased intracranial pressure.

The set of signs of external benign hydrocephalus in children of the first year of life is an increase in subarachnoid spaces, which is most noticeable in the zone of the poles of the frontal lobes, while the ventricles of the brain can be only slightly dilated, or have normal sizes. At the same time, the contents of these spaces have dense cerebrospinal fluid, which is observed on MRI, CT, and neurosonography. If this is benign hydrocephalus, then in most cases it resolves by two years of age.

Expansion of the subarachnoid space

The expansion of the subarachnoid spaces occurs in conjunction with an increase in head circumference and protrusion of the fontanelles, and a delay in the timing of their closure.

A noticeable expansion of the subarachnoid space may also indicate arachnoiditis or leptomeningitis, in which the soft and arachnoid membranes of the brain become inflamed. This can be the result of trauma, infection, and a number of other influences. This pathology is detected by ultrasound.

The cause of arachnoiditis can also be chronic intoxications, for example, lead, alcohol, arsenic, reactive inflammation when slowly developing tumors and encephalitis.

Common symptoms of arachnoiditis:

headache, which is stronger in the early morning, sometimes accompanied by nausea and vomiting,
dizziness,
general fatigue,
irritability,
sleep disturbance.

In treatment, the main thing is to eliminate the source of infection, for example, sinusitis or otitis media. For this, antibiotics are prescribed in therapeutic doses.

In relation to the life of the patient, the prognosis is usually favorable, only arachnoiditis of the posterior cranial fossa with occlusive hydrocephalus is dangerous.

The cavity between the membranes of the spinal cord - soft and arachnoid - filled with cerebrospinal fluid, is called the subarachnoid space. Ligaments pass through this space, fixing the position of the spinal cord.

CSF pathways consist of the subarachnoid spaces of the spinal cord and brain and the ventricular system. The ventricles of the brain, whose function is the production of cerebrospinal fluid, are lined with epithelium of a different nature - cubic and cylindrical. AT normal condition they contain less CSF than the subarachnoid spaces. The walls of the ventricles are quite strong and unyielding, and the subarachnoid spaces change their volume under the influence of various factors.

Liquor plays the role of a shock absorber - it protects the brain from traumatic effects, performs a transport role and immunological functions.

The subarachnoid space of the brain and spinal cord communicate directly with the ventricles of the brain, forming a series of communicating vessels. The outer part of the arachnoid spaces is divided by membranes. Such a structure forms separate chambers and tanks.

Liquor pressure briefly increases with changes functional states- hard physical work, stress, even with emotional disorders. With injuries, inflammatory processes of the central nervous system and oncological diseases, its increase increases, which leads to the expansion of the subarachnoid space.

Expansion of the subarachnoid space in infants

Subarachnoid convexital spaces expand in infants with the growth of the head - its increase in circumference. Parents can notice the pathological process of protrusion of the fontanelles - the places of the skull where the bones of the skull converged, so that the child could freely pass through the birth canal.

Also, in infants, the expansion of the interhemispheric fissure and subarachnoid space is accompanied by rapid increase skull, which leads to the fact that the child cannot raise his head. In this case, the diagnosis is perinatal encephalopathy. Except general violation conditions, a decrease in reflex function, children become capricious, refuse to eat, lag behind their peers physiologically, lose weight.

There is another very revealing symptom - "moon gaze". The eyelids of sick babies are constantly lowered down and part of the protein is visible from under the skin - the pupil and iris roll under the eyelids. With minor brain damage, such a look appears periodically, with severe ones, the iris can be seen for a short time.

In children, brain atrophy can also occur, in which there is an expansion of the convexital subarachnoid spaces. Furrows increase in the frontal, parietal, temporal and occipital regions.

The ventricular system is also pathologically deformed due to expansion. In this case, serious examinations are carried out only in the second year of life - earlier diagnostic measures are considered dangerous for the life of the baby.

It may be necessary not only to compute and tomographic studies, but also to extract cerebrospinal fluid by puncture.

AT early age children undergo neurosonography - the state of the cranial cavity can be examined in this way only until the fusion of the fontanelles.

If a significant area has been damaged or leukomalacia is diagnosed - this term is called softening of the brain, a state when functional abilities are impaired, impulse signals in the required volume are not sent and received - in further child will lag behind in development.

But you shouldn't panic. At child's body great chance of recovery, with timely and adequate treatment- When the first symptoms appear, the chances of recovery increase.

What does a moderate expansion of the subarachnoid space in adults indicate?

Unreasonably, the expansion of subarachnoid convexital spaces - uneven or uniform - cannot occur. Violation of the circulation of cerebrospinal fluid is always caused by pathological processes of an inflammatory or traumatic nature, which negatively affect the general condition, cause the ventricles of the brain to spasm, and lead to an expansion of the interhemispheric gap.

Factors causing a similar change:

congenital pathologies of the cerebrospinal fluid system;
traumatic brain injury varying degrees gravity;
infectious diseases - encephalitis and meningitis of various etiologies;
oncological processes of the brain - arachnoendotheliomas, meningiomas and the like.

In these diseases, the volume of the brain increases due to edema, but the functional cells of the gray and white medulla atrophy due to increased intracranial pressure.

The amount of cerebrospinal fluid increases, the pattern of the convolutions of the cerebral cortex is smoothed out, the subarachnoid space first expands slightly, and then pathological changes increase.

If you neglect the treatment - leave the victim in a helpless state - then the physiological vital activity will not recover on its own, it is possible fatal outcome. But even with adequate treatment, some brain functions will be lost to a significant extent.

The expansion of convexital spaces is progressing.

There are 3 degrees of severity of such changes:

light, insignificant - up to 2 mm;
medium - from 2 to 4 mm;
heavy - more than 4 mm.

Symptoms of intracranial disorders: change mental activity, sensory and motor disorders, pseudobulbar syndrome.

Pseudobulbar syndrome is a condition during which speech is simultaneously disturbed - the functions of reproducing sounds are lost, words can only be pronounced in a whisper, swallowing is difficult. This is due to the fact that an uneven change in the position of the hemispheres and their compression leads to a disruption in the activity of the cortical centers that innervate the muscles of the pharynx and larynx, which leads to paralysis or paresis of the muscles of the larynx.

Surgical treatment does not always help the victims - it is almost impossible to achieve complete work and life adaptation. However, with timely treatment, it turns out that with timely treatment, a person can return the ability in daily affairs - when caring for oneself - to do without outside help. In some cases, mental abilities and intellectual qualities are preserved.

CSF pressure increases with any expansion of the subarachnoid space.

The diagnosis is easy to make on the basis of characteristic symptoms and the results of an instrumental examination.

In children, the state of the brain is assessed immediately after birth, adults after an injury or illness are examined if they notice threatening symptoms or uncharacteristic actions.

In most cases apply for medical care close relatives - the patient himself, with a significant increase in intracranial pressure, loses the ability to adequately perceive his own condition.

The convexital subarachnoid space is unevenly moderately expanded. The expansion of the subarachnoid space indicates a violation of the circulation of the CSF.

The space between the arachnoid (arachnoid) and pia maters is called subarachnoid. In places where such adhesions are absent, extensions are formed - the so-called tanks.

A change in size and pressure in the subarachnoid space is often a sign of an inflammatory process or tumor.

In particular, a temporary change in the size of the CSF circulating system is possible with reactive cerebral edema and a decrease in intracranial space due to a hematoma or abscess.

The degree of manifestation of symptoms depends on the severity of development and on how expanded the subarachnoid space. In children, the expansion of the subarachnoid space is most often observed with hydrocephalus and arachnoiditis.

In adults, tumors and inflammatory processes of the subarachnoid space are more common. The expansion of the subarachnoid space is easily determined using instrumental examinations, the sequence of which is determined by the underlying disease.

But in no case can one rely on chance - if there is a symptom of expansion of the subarachnoid space, the child should be examined by specialists and appropriate treatment should be prescribed.

At the same time, the contents of these spaces have dense cerebrospinal fluid, which is observed on MRI, CT, and neurosonography.

After a concussion, the child was diagnosed with an expansion of the subarachnoid space by 1 mm, that is, a mild degree, of the symptoms there was only a headache. Treated with antibiotics and all is well now.

Ultrasound and neurosonography showed that the subarachnoid space was moderately enlarged by 2.4 mm. everything else is normal. Development is age appropriate.

Effect of atrophic hydrocephalus on the subarachnoid space

Changes of focal and diffuse nature in the substance of the brain were not revealed.

Doctor's answer: Hello! MRI is one of the methods functional diagnostics, which helps the neurologist in establishing a diagnosis, the clinical method still remains the leading one.

A lacunar cyst in the region of the basal structures on the right, more likely as a consequence of the expanded perivascular space of Vikhrov-Robin. Expanded perivascular spaces.

In open schizencephaly, the margins of the cleft are divided and cerebrospinal fluid fills the cleft from the lateral ventricle to the subarachnoid space.

The subarachnoid space of the frontal region is expanded. In the area of dysplasia, the subarachnoid spaces are locally enlarged, and abnormally dilated venous vessels are usually located there.

The convolutions in this area are wide, the adjacent subarachnoid space is enlarged.

Subarachnoid space: causes, symptoms and diagnosis of its expansion

True porencephaly (schizencephaly) is always congenital and involves the existence of clefts in the substance of the brain that connect the ventricle and subarachnoid space. On CT and MRI images, there is a zone of CSF density (signal intensity) associated with the ventricle and (or) subarachnoid space.

Them choroid plexus are the main source of cerebrospinal fluid production in the subarachnoid space. The mechanism for the development of such changes is quite simple. Inflammatory process(more often arachnoiditis or meningitis) enhances the production of cerebrospinal fluid, which gradually stretches the subarachnoid space.

Subarachnoid space and its meaning

The expansion of the subarachnoid space leads to an increase in CSF pressure, which has relatively characteristic symptoms. Most often this occurs from getting an excessive amount of it into the cavity, that is, dropsy of the brain or hydrocephalus.

The subarachnoid space is enlarged. What is it and what does it mean?

With a favorable course of the disease, the ventricles of the brain may remain within the normal range or be only slightly dilated.

Medical consultation Subarachnoid space

Treatment is usually to eliminate the cause of the expansion of the subarachnoid space - increased intracranial pressure or infection caused by sinusitis or otitis media.

The expansion of the subarachnoid spaces occurs in conjunction with an increase in head circumference and protrusion of the fontanelles, and a delay in the timing of their closure. And how serious is this extension and what is it. Our doctors do not say anything, how serious is everything in our case?

There is a slight expansion of the main and lower retrocerebellar cisterns due to hypoplasia of the caudal sections of the cerebellar vermis. Doctor's answer: Hello! Conclusion: MR picture of moderate external replacement hydrocephalus.

In the subarachnoid space there is 120-140 ml of cerebrospinal fluid flowing from the ventricular system of the brain through the openings of Magendie and Luschka in the fourth ventricle.