Lumpy dermatitis in cows treatment. Symptoms and course of the disease. What to do if diagnosed

Content:

Lumpy dermatitis is characterized by fever, the formation of nodular formations on the skin, inflammation of the mucous membranes of the eye, respiratory and alimentary tract. Lethality at lumpy dermatitis does not exceed 10%, however, the financial damage is great, it is manifested by a decrease in growth and milk yield, as well as the inability to use cowhide. The disease is common in warm climates. A person does not suffer from nodular tubercle.

The reasons

Lumpy dermatitis of a large cattle causes a group of pathogens, antigenic properties close to the sheep pox virus. Contagium is carried by blood-sucking flying insects, herons, and is also excreted with saliva, sperm, milk, exfoliated skin particles.

epizootology

Viral exanthema 5–100% of livestock are infected. When carrying out therapeutic and disinfection measures against lumpy dermatitis in cattle, 99% of the animals can be saved. Recovered ruminants develop stable immunity. However, in farms affected by flap dermatitis, the presence of antibodies to the pathogen is determined by the annual introduction of a diagnostic allergen. Young and high-bred animals are most susceptible to the disease. Where there are many flying blood-sucking arthropods, outbreaks of lumpy skin disease occur more frequently.

Symptoms

There are acute, atypical and asymptomatic types of the disease.

acute form

The preliminary period lasts 3-30 days. The development of lumpy dermatitis and its characteristic features are as follows:

Initially, the temperature rises in cows - 40 ° C.
Appetite is lost.
There is lacrimation.
Mucous fluid flows from the nose.

48 hours after the onset of hyperthermia, dense oval numerous nodules with a diameter of up to 7 cm and a height of up to 5 mm are formed throughout the body. In some cases, neoplasms are connected.
Edema of the surrounding hypodermal tissue occurs.
Several hours pass, the epidermis begins to peel off at the edges, and tissue necrosis occurs in the center.
After 1–3 weeks, the area of dead texture disappears.
The cavity is filled with granulations. New skin remains unpigmented, overgrown with hair.
With a complicated form of dermatitis, ulcerations form.
mastitis develops. Milk acquires a thick texture and a pinkish color. The milking process is long and painful. When heated, milk quickly acquires a gel-like consistency.
Lymph nodes are enlarged, found on palpation.

Complicated course of the disease is characterized by the following symptoms:

nodules cover the entire body;
mucous membranes suppurate, ulcerate;
erosions cover the eyelids, appear on the cornea, the cow goes blind;
oozes from the mouth thick saliva;
nasal discharge of mucous consistency is offensive;
when edema and ulcers spread to the respiratory canals, the animal dies from suffocation.

With recovery, the swelling subsides, the nodules are reduced, the hair falls out, the skin cracks, peels off in patches, slowly renewing itself. Secondary infection of the affected areas is not excluded. Lumpy dermatitis is complicated by bronchopneumonia, arthritis, reproductive disorders.

Atypical form

Registered in small calves. It is characterized by variable diarrhea and hyperthermia. There are no symptoms of dermatitis.

Asymptomatic form

Cows do not get sick, but become carriers of the virus.

Diagnostics

The cause of lumpy dermatitis is identified on the basis of the following data:

epidemiological situation.
clinical symptoms.
pathological changes. They are determined during the autopsy of corpses and the detection of specific signs.
Laboratory research. Histological sections are examined, changes characteristic of this disease are detected. Set up a bioassay.

Setting up a bioassay

The pathological material is taken from the inflamed skin tubercle and grown in tissue culture. The resulting substance is administered to the test animals. The diagnosis is considered confirmed if a result is obtained that corresponds to the data in the table.

Differential Diagnosis

Lumpy skin disease of cattle must be distinguished from the following diseases with similar clinical symptoms:

streptotrichosis;
hives;
smallpox;
epizootic lymphangitis;
hypodermatosis;
dermatophthylosis;
allergy to arthropod bites.

To successfully combat tuberculous dermatitis, it is required to put accurate diagnosis.

Treatment

The resulting skin defects are treated with antiseptic aerosols. When making an accurate diagnosis, species-specific treatment with medicines intended for cattle is used. The concept of healing is based on the fact that dermatitis goes through two phases of development. The initial stage is characterized by viral activity. Drugs called antibiotics have an immunosuppressive effect, and during this period are not only ineffective, but also unsafe. At stage I, it is recommended to use Biferon-B, which is a mixture of bovine alpha and gamma interferons. The drug stimulates everything defense mechanisms, has anti-stress, as well as immunomodulatory effects.

Rosselkhoznadzor proposes to use the smallpox vaccine for the treatment and prevention of nodular dermatitis, which partially prevents the spread of the disease. To increase the effectiveness of the biological product, Biferon B is used. The day before vaccination, an intramuscular or subcutaneous injection- 1 cm 3 per 10 kg of weight, but not more than 15 ml per animal. The drug does not require waiting for meat and milk. It has a protective effect in conditionally uninfected animals against infection with patchy dermatitis for 3 weeks if administered twice with an interval of 1-2 days.

An alternative option is to use Biferon-B as a diluent for the smallpox vaccine, instead of the solvent suggested by the instructions. After solubilization of the biological product, its volume is adjusted to 10 cm 3 and each individual is pierced.

To lower the temperature and reduce pain, a combination of Analgin and Allervet is used. Depending on the severity of the disease, injections are carried out 1-2 times a day for 1-2 days.

If dermatitis is complicated by secondary microflora and long-term treatment is required, after titration for the sensitivity of the pathogen to antibiotics, one of the proposed drugs is chosen - Enrafloxavetbiferon-B or Gentabiferon B. This is a combination of interferons with antibiotics Enrofloxacin or Gentamicin. The duration of treatment with Enrafloxavetbiferon-B is 3–5 days with a single injection, with Gentabiferon-B 2–5 days with a double injection. Withdrawal for meat lasts 14 days, for milk - 4.

Prevention

Sheeppox vaccine has been adapted to prevent lumpy skin disease in cattle. The first vaccination is given to young animals who have reached the age of 90 at a concentration that is 5 times higher than recommended by the instructions. Revaccinate two weeks later, then annually. Animals older than six months are injected with a tenfold sheep dose.

Approximately, every tenth grafted individual reacts with the formation of a local swelling with the formation of a nodule, which disappear in 14 days. The vaccine protects livestock from lumpy skin disease for 12 months. If tubercles were diagnosed in the region, all individuals are subject to vaccination, regardless of previous immunizations. Cattle with signs of dermatitis are isolated from staff and healthy animals.

Control measures

Due to the danger of lumpy dermatitis, the fight against it is carried out by the local veterinary service with the assistance of regional authorities. Apply organizational arrangements and restrictive actions.

Organizational arrangements

In points threatened by infection with lumpy dermatitis, the following activities are carried out:

Livestock identification. All animals are tagged.
Control over the regular treatment of livestock farms with repellents.
Carrying out blanket immunization with sheep smallpox vaccines at a fivefold dose for calves, and tenfold for cattle for more than six months.
All movements of feed and livestock in threatened areas are carried out with the knowledge of the head of the regional veterinary service. If the clinical examination reveals signs of lumpy dermatitis, it is mandatory to carry out quarantine measures by the seller and the buyer during the breeding sale.
Provide round the clock work veterinary laboratories and public funding in the diagnosis of nodular dermatitis.
Organize the treatment of animals during their movement with repellents.
Require livestock owners to assist veterinarians with periodic screening and treatment for viral dermatitis.
Bring the parameters of keeping animals in accordance with zoohygienic requirements, avoid dampness, in which blood-sucking insects actively develop.
Regular disinfection and disinfection of premises.

restrictive measures

A livestock farm or area diagnosed with nodular dermatitis is subject to quarantine, during which the following restrictions apply:

In previously prosperous territories, clinically ill animals are recommended to be slaughtered, internal organs, and skins to be disposed of.
Milk is allowed to be exported after boiling or sterilization at 132 °C.
The quarantine is lifted a month after the last diseased animal recovers, however, during the year, the export of livestock is prohibited, with the exception of sending it for slaughter, which is allowed during the period when insects cease to exist.
The export of unauthorized livestock products from disadvantaged areas is detected and stopped in accordance with the current legislation.

Conclusion

The fight against nodular dermatitis of cattle is to carry out veterinary and zoohygienic measures, explanatory work among cattle breeders, as well as the conscientiousness of animal owners.

Viral diseases are not limited to humans. Lumpy dermatitis in cattle - infectious disease, provoked by a virus, as a result of which tubercles appear on the skin of animals.

Lumpy dermatitis of cattle, otherwise called skin tubercles, skin-nodular rash, nodular exanthema, is an infectious disease. Pathology affects, first of all, productive individuals of cattle, zebu. Among other representatives of the animal world, this type of dermatitis was not noticed.

Lumpy skin disease is characterized by inflammatory processes localized on the skin and subcutaneous tissue, mucous membranes of the mouth, nose and genitals. Such a disease is capable of defeating representatives of cattle of any age and regardless of breed affiliation. During the disease, the amount of milk is reduced, exhausted animals become infertile.

Distribution zones and possible damage

Originating in the African continent, the disease is widespread in the Middle East and regions of South Asia. Irreparable damage is caused by dermatitis to cattle in India, where the development of veterinary services leaves much to be desired.

In our country, a similar problem appeared in 2015 and is typical, first of all, for the North Caucasus region, as well as some neighboring countries (Armenia, Azerbaijan).

Dermatitis is a danger, as it can affect from 5 to 100% of the herd. Mortality among animals is very low, survival rate is 90%. However, the insidiousness of nodular dermatitis in cattle lies in the fact that the damage caused by the disease is great. The skin of ill animals becomes defective, as holes remain in the place where the tubercles were. Milk from cows that are being milked becomes less and less, over time it disappears altogether. Males become sterile for a certain period.

Symptoms and course of the disease

In affected animals, the virus is isolated through blood, milk, saliva, semen, and dead areas of the nodes. The causative agent of the disease can safely live in the sperm of males for another 2 months after they are completely cured.

Dermatitis has chronic. From the moment when the infection occurred to the onset of the first symptoms, it takes from 3 to 30 days. The main features include the following:

First, there is an increase in temperature, which can rise to + 40 degrees and above. The fever persists for 2 days, and sometimes longer.
Throughout the body of the animal, many nodules appear, represented by neoplasms in the form of convex roundness. Their diameter ranges from 0.5 to 7 cm. The skin around the nodules is inflamed. There is a spread of such a process to the area of subcutaneous tissue.
After 3-4 days, the virus spreads throughout the circulatory system of the animal. It enters the nose, mouth, eyes, testicles, internal organs and the vagina. The cattle does not eat anything, therefore it is rapidly losing weight, becoming lethargic.
A few hours after the nodules have appeared, the skin around them begins to exfoliate. The center of education sags, the tissue gradually begins to die. Within 1-3 weeks, the former nodule is rejected and becomes like a cork. You can try to get rid of such an education manually.
If bovine lumpy skin disease is severe, then such nodules can cover the entire oral cavity. In addition, the lungs, organs are affected digestive tract. Formations are distinguished by a gray-yellow hue, they fester. The milk of cows suffering from dermatitis acquires an unpleasant density, a pinkish color. When heated, it becomes like a gel. Significantly enlarged lymph nodes.
The tubercles accompanying the disease do not go away at all, but gradually become ulcers. They form on the eyelids, causing the cornea to darken and the animal to lose sight, partially or completely. Getting into the respiratory organs, formations can provoke edema, which leads to the inevitable death of the animal.

Diagnostics

Disease typical shape very easy to diagnose. But uncharacteristic manifestations can be extremely difficult to determine. In such a situation, it is necessary to isolate the virus and identify it. At the core clinical diagnosis epizootological data and symptoms lie. Initially, you should pay attention to the tubercles, mucous membranes, lymph nodes - signs characteristic of lumpy dermatitis.

staging reliable diagnosis possible only after laboratory testing.

The differential diagnosis has great importance on the initial stage the development of the disease. It is important to establish whether we are really dealing with lumpy dermatitis, excluding other pathologies such as streptotrichosis, skin tuberculosis, onchocerciasis.

All intradermal nodules of animals suspected to be affected by lumpy skin disease are examined to determine the nature of the separation. If there is one or more nodules that have epidermal separation at the edges and an indentation (or induration) at the apex, then this can be considered as feature this pathology. And if the enlargement of the lymph nodes is still noticeable and the hairs in the central part of the nodule do not grow in the direction in which the rest, then we can assume that the diagnosis is confirmed.

In the mouth and vagina of individuals affected by this type of dermatitis, ring-shaped inflamed areas can be seen. To confirm the diagnosis, it is necessary to histological examination nodules, skin lesions. Animals that have been ill have developed immunity. They cannot be re-infected.

Distinguishing Lumpy Dermatitis from Other Cattle Diseases

It is important not to confuse infectious nodular dermatitis with diseases such as urticaria, cutaneous tuberculosis, smallpox, demodicosis, streptotrichosis.

Lumpy dermatitis of cattle differs from urticaria in that in the first disease, the formations along the edges do not have detachments.
Skin forms of tuberculosis are characterized by the formation of seals under the skin along the course of the lymphatic tract. The size of the superficial lymph nodes does not change, and the body temperature remains unchanged.
With streptotrichosis, lesions of a scablike nature are superficial, arranged in symmetry and, mainly, along the spinal column. Subcutaneous nodules are soft and lack clear boundaries, if you press on them, pus will appear.
Demodicosis is characterized by thickened, hard skin, the presence of convex tubercles with pus.
With smallpox, the lesions are superficial and are localized mainly on the nipples and udder.
After insect bites, seals also form, but they are characterized special shape, in the form of a vault. In addition, the skin does not burst along the edges, as is the case with lumpy dermatitis, but over their central part.

Methods for the treatment of lumpy skin disease in cattle

Not everyone knows how to deal with such a disease. A vaccine specially designed for this purpose has not been invented. To treat dermatitis, a sheep pox vaccine is used. But the greatest result can be obtained only if the concentration of the main substances is increased. In Russia, such a vaccine is produced in Vladimir, Armavir and Pokrov.

This remedy causes a disease that forms in cows immunity to lumpy dermatitis and proceeds easily, without complications. In 10% of cases, vaccinated individuals may develop local reaction, in the form of the formation of nodules and swelling, passing through two weeks. Immunity is maintained for 1 year.

In addition, vaccination is carried out with a nitling strain that provides immunity for three years.

Against lumpy skin disease, primarily symptomatic treatment is used.

Care must be taken to create decent conditions for keeping sick animals, to provide them with good nutrition, to supply them with vitamins;
Using special settings skin sick individuals are wrapped with a disinfectant solution;
As soon as the wounds open, they also need to be treated with disinfectants;
To prevent development secondary infection, it is necessary to give antibiotics and add sulfonamides.

In the process of therapy, it is very important to exclude the likelihood of complications - adult livestock often suffer from pneumonia, young animals - severe forms of enteritis. For this purpose, for the treatment of nodular dermatitis are used strong antibiotics. For young animals, intraperitoneal novocaine blockades are used.

Treatment with folk methods

For those who do not know how to treat the disease when there is no access to veterinary pharmacies, folk remedies will come to the rescue, which can also be used to treat nodular dermatitis.

nettle tincture

This remedy is excellent for the treatment of dermatitis. It is necessary to prepare a transparent glass bottle with a capacity of 0.5 liters, nettle leaves and ethyl alcohol.

Nettles are tightly pushed into the prepared glass container, after which alcohol is poured up to the top and the vessel is tightly clogged. Such a remedy is infused in the sun for two weeks, after which it is filtered. Received natural product perfect for lubricating wounds with nodular dermatitis, and for compresses.

Tincture of calendula

The medicinal potion is prepared from 1 part of calendula flowers soaked in 10 parts of 70% alcohol. The resulting product is determined in a cool dark corner for infusion, where it should be kept for at least a month. Therapeutic composition strain and take 1 small spoon, pre-diluted in a glass of water. Use for compresses and for lubrication of wounds.

A feature of lumpy dermatitis, which is dangerous for a person who does not happen, is its mass character, therefore, in large farms, it makes sense to carry out complex processing. To do this, showers are periodically arranged using disinfectants or drugs are sprayed using a special aerosol generator.

Decent conditions of detention and prevention will prevent the development of the disease.

Is lumpy dermatitis dangerous for humans?

Many are wondering if lumpy skin disease is really dangerous for a person or not, is there a vaccine for this disease. Experts are convinced that great danger for humans, such a disease does not carry. The only thing is that the owners of agricultural farms will suffer significant economic damage due to dermatitis.

If necessary, in the territory of the region where this type of dermatitis is found, quarantine is introduced, which is removed only 30 days after all sick animals recover.

Preventive measures

Prevention of lumpy skin disease is very important. In animals that have been ill with this dangerous disease, the development of stable immunity is noted, which makes it possible to avoid re-infection.

by the most best method is to prevent the introduction of the pathogen. Such activities may include the following:

quarantine of all individuals;
impose a taboo on the import of cattle from areas at risk;
prohibit the import of fodder and other livestock products from disadvantaged areas;
fight insects and other pests that are carriers of the disease;
it is important to regularly inspect all livestock.

Fulfillment of all prescribed sanitary regulations and restrictive measures within the framework of quarantine is strictly mandatory.

If you suspect the appearance of nodular dermatitis, you should immediately contact veterinary service. In such a situation, a restriction will be imposed on the region in the form of a ban on the movement of livestock. Infected animals must be isolated and given the necessary funds.

Possibility of infecting animals different kind infectious diseases. This, in turn, leads to a drop in productivity, loss of livestock, and, consequently, to a decrease in the profitability of farms. There are many diseases affecting cattle. In this case, one of the most dangerous is lumpy dermatitis.

A bit of history

The disease is relatively new. Our ancestors did not know such a problem with cattle. Lumpy dermatitis was first recorded in 1929 in Madagascar and Northern Rhodesia. In 1945, infection of livestock was registered in the Transvaal and Kenya. In 1963 cows were infected in Romania. Now this disease is especially common in India, as well as in South and East Africa.

The virus in Russia and the former USSR

In our country, for the first time, animals with lumpy skin disease were identified in Chechnya in 2015, in the fall. More recently, in early June 2016, a disease such as lumpy skin disease of cattle was discovered in the Krasnodar Territory (in the Tbilisi region). There is also information about previously infected animals in Dagestan, South Ossetia and Azerbaijan.

What causes

Cattle are infected with lumpy skin disease when DNA-containing Neethling, Allerton or BLD viruses enter the body of animals. They belong to the genus Capripoxvirus, family Poxviridae. And most often the infection is caused by Neethling. This virus reproduces in the kidney or testicular tissue. Its danger lies, among other things, in the fact that it is able to withstand up to 3 freezing cycles. At a temperature of 4 degrees, it can remain viable for 6 months.

Sources of infection

Unfortunately, this disease can also spread if sanitary standards for keeping cattle in barns are observed. The fact is that mosquitoes and horseflies often become its carriers. Thus, infection can occur even when

Actually in environment Lumpy dermatitis (Neethling virus) enters with pieces of animal skin falling off ulcers, with milk, saliva, semen or blood. This disease also causes additional difficulties for farmers due to the lack of a visible pattern in the distribution. That is, in some cases, an animal that is next to an infected person does not become infected. In this case, a cow or a bull from a herd a few kilometers away can get sick.

As can be understood from the above, the largest number infected animals is observed in places of accumulation of blood-sucking insects. Occasionally, bovine lumpy skin disease (a virus) can also be carried by birds. Especially waterfowl. The dermatitis virus is also isolated from the breath of infected animals. In some cases, it can be transmitted through feed and water.

Symptoms

The incubation period of the disease can last from 3 to 30 days. Since nodular dermatitis does not manifest itself during this period, the animals are not isolated. As a result, the risk of spreading infection increases significantly.

The disease can manifest itself in two forms: acute and chronic. Atypical lumpy dermatitis is also known. At acute form in a sick animal, the body temperature rises sharply (up to 40 degrees). At the same time, the appetite of a cow or a bull decreases, tears flow and mucous discharge from the nose appears. Two days later, nodules with a diameter of 0.5 to 7 cm and a height of up to 0.5 cm are formed on the skin of the animal. Their number can vary from 10 to several hundred. In some cases they merge.

The nodules are dense to the touch. After a few hours, the epidermis begins to exfoliate along their contour. In this case, a hole is formed in the center of each nodule. Necrosis begins to spread from it. The affected areas are bordered by a roller of granulation tissue up to 3 mm wide. After a week, the necrotic area, which has the shape of a cylinder about 1 * 2 cm in size, dries up and disappears. Subsequently, the cavity formed on the skin of the animal is filled with tissue and overgrown with pigment-free skin with wool. But this happens only if there are no complications. It also happens that ulcers form on the skin of the animal. Some nodules may not dry out for a year or more.

In addition to skin formations, lumpy dermatitis of cattle (photos of sick animals can be seen on the page) is characterized by the following symptoms:

Pink color of milk. It is given very hard - drop by drop. When heated, the milk of an infected animal takes on a gel-like appearance. You can feed it to calves after pasteurization at a temperature of 85 degrees for half an hour.

Emaciation of the animal due to loss of appetite.

The appearance on the eyelids of a cow or bull of ulcers or erosion.

Flowing saliva from the mouth and purulent, offensive mucus from the nose.

Clouding of the cornea and decreased vision in an animal.

Sometimes ulceration also appears in the respiratory tract of a cow or a bull. In this case, the animal may die from suffocation.

Atypical form of lumpy dermatitis occurs without the formation of nodules. It appears only in newborn calves.

How is the diagnosis made?

Infection is determined primarily on the basis of the overall clinical picture. In addition, laboratory diagnostics of such a disease as lumpy dermatitis of cattle is also carried out. In this case, the sanitary examination is carried out with a preliminary selection of the biomaterial of suspicious animals. An established disease is considered when a lumpy skin disease virus, its antigen or genome is detected. In especially severe cases, the diagnosis is made on the basis of pathological and anatomical studies.

Symptoms of lumpy dermatitis are similar to those of urticaria, dermatophiliasis, smallpox, demodicosis and lymphongitis. Sometimes this disease is confused even with banal insect bites. Therefore, when any nodules appear on the skin of animals, it is necessary to conduct laboratory tests.

Pathological and anatomical changes

When an autopsy of a dead animal that has undergone lumpy skin disease, the treatment of which has not yet been developed, may reveal the following changes:

enlarged, edematous, juicy on the cut lymph nodes;

hemorrhages up to 1 cm in size under visceral pleura;

swelling of the lungs;

congestive plethora on the nasal mucosa;

epidermal necrosis;

blood clots in the veins under the nodules;

hemorrhage in the intestinal mucosa.

How much damage can the disease cause?

Lumpy skin disease of cattle, which, unfortunately, is not treated, can affect from 5 to 50% of herd animals. Sometimes it also happens that the disease affects 100% of cattle. The death rate due to infection is usually no more than 10%, and most often from 1 to 5%.

Although this disease does not “mow down” the entire herd, it is considered one of the most dangerous. The fact is that with its spread, the productivity of animals is significantly reduced. At the same time, farmers suffer significant losses on the sale of both milk and meat, as well as skins. This disease also has an extremely negative effect on the reproduction of cattle. Infected bulls become temporarily sterile. In sick cows, the sexual cycle is disturbed. Pregnant animals have abortions and dead babies are born.

In Russia, this disease has not yet caused much damage to farmers, since not many cows have fallen ill. In India, where it is very widespread, the losses due to it can be up to 50 million rupees annually.

Prevention

Unfortunately, as already mentioned, it is very difficult to prevent an epidemic of lumpy skin disease. This disease is transmitted simply instantly. The answer to the question of what can be used to treat lumpy dermatitis in cows does not exist. In addition, immunity after an infection is developed rather poorly. That is, an ill animal, under favorable circumstances, can become infected again.

It is very difficult to prevent infection of livestock with dermatitis. However, farmers can still minimize the risk of disease. Cows are immunized with a Neethlin-like sheep pox virus strain. The latter is grown in the tissues of the testicles of lambs. Only such a virus gives immunity from lumpy skin disease. Ordinary sheep does not differ in a similar effect.

In addition to the actual vaccinations, preventive measures include:

preventing the development of dampness and, as a result, the appearance of a large number of blood-sucking insects in barns;

treatment of animals and stalls with repellents;

preventing the import of animals of unknown origin into prosperous farms without appropriate documents;

in private farms, providing veterinarians with access to barns to inspect animals on demand.

Vaccination schedule

Enter the strain of cattle subcutaneously. The first vaccination of young animals is pricked at the age of three months. Do this twice with an interval of 2 weeks. Further, the vaccine is administered at intervals of a year. If a disease is detected, all animals without exception should be vaccinated, regardless of when exactly they were immunized before.

Lumpy dermatitis of cows: a danger to humans and other animals

Only cattle are supposed to be vaccinated against this disease. Fortunately, cases of transmission of this disease from them to MRS have not yet been identified. The lumpy skin disease virus is also completely harmless to humans.

How to prevent spread

Lumpy skin disease in cattle, which cannot be treated, tends to spread rapidly. Therefore, when sick animals are found, contact with them of other cows and bulls, as well as service personnel, should be completely excluded. In addition, it is necessary to take measures to prevent the export of particles of infected tissue outside the territory of the farm by transport. All vehicles leaving the territory must be disinfected beforehand. The same procedure is applied to outerwear and footwear of service personnel (using formaldehyde vapours).

Identified sick animals, as well as cows and bulls that have been in direct contact with them, are slaughtered using a bloodless method. The corpses of cattle, as well as the remains of feed and litter, are destroyed. The farm itself should be disinfected three times. Manure from the stall is piled up and also disinfected.

To contain the epidemic, among other things, restrictions must be adopted:

for the movement of all animals;

to visit the farm by unauthorized persons;

for the slaughter of animals and the sale of products.

Special centers have been set up in regions that are unfavorable for lumpy dermatitis to combat this disease. Farmers and homeowners can call them if they suspect an infestation. In the Krasnodar Territory, for example, specialists can be called by dialing 4-12-47 or 4-12-33.

Lumpy dermatitis of cattle was found on the farm. How to treat?

The natural recovery of cattle with lumpy skin disease is 90%. Breed bulls and cows are most susceptible to this disease. Unfortunately, the treatment of lumpy dermatitis, as already mentioned, has not been developed. In some cases, chemotherapy may be used to prevent complications from secondary infections. Sometimes animals are given antibiotics for the same purpose.

What do they say about illness?

Many farmers ask their colleagues and veterinarians the question: “Who cured lumpy skin disease in a cow?”. Reviews of this disease exist as a very serious one. Therefore, experienced farmers and veterinarians advise beginners not to self-medicate cows, but to slaughter them. But sometimes you can come across the opinion that in case of a disease, special steroids and vitamins, as well as the antibiotic Thalidomide (causing, by the way, deformities in offspring), can be used to alleviate the course of the disease.

In Russia, this disease is not yet very common, which means that for domestic farmers, the issue, at least at the moment (2016), is irrelevant. Therefore, there are no opinions about possible folk methods cure. But, most likely, in the event of a further spread of the disease, the advice on how to deal with livestock when infected will be the same - slaughter.

Thus, the problem is really serious - lumpy skin disease in cattle. "How to treat this disease?" - the answer to this question, unfortunately, does not exist. If an infection is detected, the livestock is slaughtered. Of course, this can cause enormous damage to farms. That's why preventive measures and measures to prevent the spread of lumpy skin disease in the event of an outbreak should be taken without fail.

Irina Subbotina

Lumpy skin disease in cattle is an infectious disease that is accompanied by fever, swelling of the subcutaneous connective tissue and organs, the formation of skin nodes, damage to the eyes, mucous membrane of the respiratory and digestive tracts. The disease is not dangerous for humans, but it causes rather large economic losses, which consist of a decrease in productivity, the culling of livestock products, and the cost of treatment and prevention. In Belarus, this disease has not been registered. But due to the fact that lumpy skin disease has been spreading quite actively throughout Russia in recent years, all necessary measures are being taken in our country for prevention. Special attention given to border areas and farms.

Economic damage

Mortality in lumpy skin disease of cattle does not exceed 10%, and only in case of complications with secondary microflora, a number of other diseases, the mortality rate increases. At the same time, according to a number of authors, the economic damage is significant, as milk and meat productivity decreases, the quality of raw hides decreases, the sexual cycle in cows is disrupted, and temporary sexual sterility develops in bulls. In India, this infection causes $0.7 million in damage annually.

Etiology

Lumpy skin disease in cattle is caused by DNA genomic viruses divided into 3 groups according to their cytopathogenic effect: BLD, Allerton and Neethling. Viruses of the nitling group are the main causative agents of lumpy dermatitis in cattle, closely related to the sheep and goat pox virus.

Viruses of the nitling group are quite resistant to the effects of the external environment, withstand 3 cycles of freezing and thawing; sensitive to 20% ether.

epidemiological data

AT vivo cattle, especially highly productive and purebred animals, as well as zebu (a subspecies of a wild bull) are most susceptible to lumpy dermatitis. Both adult animals and young animals of both sexes are ill, animals of various breeds are susceptible.

The source of the pathogen are sick animals with severe clinical signs and animal carriers, as well as animals in the latent period of the disease and recovered. The incidence ranges from 5 to 50% (with the initial occurrence of the disease in the herd), but can reach 75-100%, especially among cattle of European breeds. In 50% of diseased animals, typical signs of the disease can be observed. The course of the disease is often subacute or chronic, but it can also be acute.

Lumpy skin disease is transmitted to animals mainly transmissibly. blood-sucking insects: mosquitoes, ticks, mosquitoes and flies. In addition, the virus can be transmitted through milk, semen, contact, unsterile needles and contaminated animal care items. The disease has seasonality and stationarity. The possibility of transmission of the virus by birds (herons in particular) has been proven.

The virus enters the environment with discarded pieces of affected skin, semen, saliva and blood. With sperm, he continues to stand out 2 months after clinical recovery. In compacted skin nodes, the virus can be detected within 4 months from the moment of their formation.

The origin and development of the disease

The pathogenesis has some similarities with how smallpox proceeds, but there is no clear staging in the formation of skin lesions. Generalization of the process occurs on the 7-19th day after infection of animals, this is preceded by fever in a sick animal for 48 hours or more. The virus in the blood of animals is detected only 3-4 days after the rise in temperature and the mass formation of tubercles. During this period, the virus spreads through the body with blood, penetrates into the mucous membrane oral cavity, nose, eyes, vagina, prepuce, salivary, mammary glands, testes. Thrombosis of skin vessels develops, which leads to coagulating necrosis of surrounding tissues. The inflammatory process also covers the lymph nodes. In the presence of secondary microflora, inflammation may develop lymphatic vessels, formation of ulcerated wounds, septic complications.

Clinical signs

The incubation period is from 3 to 30 days, more often 7-10 days. The prodromal period is short. The acute form is accompanied by a sharp increase in body temperature up to 40 ° C, a decrease in appetite, lacrimation, serous-mucous discharge from the nose. After 48 hours, dense round or somewhat elongated nodules with a dense surface, 0.5-7 cm in diameter, up to 0.5 cm high, form on the skin of the neck, chest, abdomen, groin, limbs, head, udder. The number of nodules ranges from ten to several hundred. These formations are easy to feel, they are more noticeable in animals with short hair, smooth, on hairless or lightly covered with hair areas. Sometimes the nodules coalesce. A few hours after the appearance of nodules along the edges, the epidermis begins to separate, and a characteristic depression forms in the center, then tissue necrosis begins. After 7-20 days after the appearance of the nodule, the necrotic area is sequestered, looks like a cork and can be removed or, drying up, it disappears. With an uncomplicated course of the disease, the resulting cavity gradually overgrows granulation tissue and furry skin. With a complication of the disease, ulcers can form at the site of the cavities.

In lactating cows, the udder is often affected. Characteristic nodules appear on the udder. Milk acquires a pinkish color, a thick, creamy consistency, drops painfully, and when heated, solidifies into a gel.

There is an increase and soreness of the lymph nodes, especially prescapular.

In severe form, prolonged fever, loss of appetite, and emaciation of the animal are noted. Nodules are palpable throughout the body, and pathological process intensively develops in the internal organs. Respiratory damage and gastrointestinal tract. Flat round erosions and grayish-yellow necrotic plaques form on the mucous membranes, which subsequently necrotic and ulcerate. Erosions and ulcers also appear on the eyelids, the cornea becomes cloudy, partial or complete blindness occurs. Thick viscous saliva comes out of the mouth, purulent mucus with fetid odor. In the presence of a large number of ulcers on the mucous membrane respiratory tract develops severe swelling and the animal often dies of suffocation.

An atypical form of lumpy nodular dermatitis occurs in newborn calves and is characterized by intermittent diarrhea, fever, and no noticeable signs of skin lesions.

In adult animals, damage to the genital organs is quite often noted (in females, the absence of estrus and the skipping of 4-6 sexual cycles, and often complete infertility, in males - temporary sexual sterility). When the disease is complicated by secondary microflora in sick animals, the joints are often affected.

Pathological changes

Characterized by nodules on the skin and muscles, consisting of connective tissue or creamy exudate. Lymph nodes are enlarged, edematous, juicy on the cut. Under the visceral pleura, hemorrhages up to 1 cm in diameter, sometimes such hemorrhages are found on the nasal concha, in the capsule of the spleen, liver, and in the mucous membrane of the scar. The lungs are edematous, sometimes similar nodes are found in them.

On the mucous membrane of the nasal passages, in the omentum, in the kidneys, congestive plethora, stasis are noted, and in the kidneys under the capsule there may be nodules 2 × 3 mm in size. The mucous membrane of the abomasum is diffusely inflamed, there may be ulcers on it in the area of the bottom and the pylorus. Dead animals show signs of enteritis and hemorrhages in the intestinal mucosa, more often in the small intestines. In some dead animals, damage to the joints is recorded.

Prevention and treatment

The diagnosis is made on the basis of epizootological, clinical data, pathoanatomical, histological changes, as well as the results of laboratory tests (virus isolation, biological test).

Lumpy dermatitis in cattle must be distinguished from urticaria, skin form tuberculosis, streptotrichosis, epizootic lymphangitis, demodicosis, smallpox, lesions caused by gadfly larvae, effects of tick bites and other stinging insects, post-vaccination edema.

To combat lumpy skin disease, both homologous live attenuated virus vaccines from the Neethling strain and heterologous live attenuated virus vaccines from capripoxvirus strains obtained from sheep and goats are used as a vaccine.

All strains of capripoxvirus that are used as a vaccine can cause an injection site reaction.

Organize and carry out activities to prevent the emergence and spread of the disease. When it appears in previously prosperous areas, all sick and suspicious animals are immediately killed and thorough disinfection and disinsection are carried out. Strictly comply with all the rules of veterinary-sanitary and quarantine-restrictive measures. In stationary disadvantaged areas, sick and suspicious animals are carefully isolated, they are provided with full-fledged fortified feed.

Treatment is symptomatic.

Reference

Lumpy dermatitis of cattle (lumpy, skin tubercles, skin-nodular rash, nodular exanthema), buffalo skin edema disease (Dermatitis nodularis bovum) came from the African continent. Lumpy dermatitis of cattle was first registered in 1929 in Northern Rhodesia and Madagascar, in 1945 in the Transvaal, then in Kenya, and already in 1963 appeared in Romania. The mass spread of this disease is still noted in South and East Africa and India. In recent years, lumpy skin disease has been actively spreading in the southern regions of the Russian Federation.

Artem Finogenov, Ivan Kuzminsky, Vasily Ivanov, Mikhail Misteyko

The ending. See the beginning in No. 8 for 2015. For more than a year, the republican regulation “Organizational and technological requirements for the production of milk at dairy complexes of industrial ...

The skin is one of the largest organs of both humans and animals. Diseases of this organ adversely affect the health of the whole organism, since damage to the skin often indicates a malfunction in the internal organs. In addition, skin diseases often spread to adjacent tissues and organs, so the presence of a skin disease is a serious cause for concern and requires timely treatment.

Skin diseases of cattle: symptoms and treatment

The defeat of the skin of cows is manifested not only in the presence of itching, sores, scars and other symptoms, but also in the deterioration general condition cows. An animal with a skin disease does not eat well, shows anxiety or, conversely, falls into apathy, which is badly reflected in the number of milk yields, the fattening of the cow and the financial profit of the farm as a result.

The symptomatology of skin lesions in cows is always clear and understandable, therefore it depends only on the owner how timely he can start treatment.

Eczema

This disease is characterized by inflammatory processes in top layer skin (epidermis) and causes serious consequences(from reduced milk yield to aggressiveness and developmental disorders in calves).

Causes of eczema:

bad sanitary conditions(damp bedding, mold and dampness in the stall);
frostbite of the skin, teats or udder (if there are drafts in the stall in winter);
skin irritation or injury;
not balanced diet(lack of vitamins, abundance of sugar and carbohydrates);
fungal or bacterial infections;
the presence of bloodsuckers (tick, gadfly, wither, etc.), as well as worms;
diseases of the digestive tract;
allergic reaction due to antibiotics.

Important! Another rare cause of eczema is congenital sensitization - hypersensitivity of the skin.

The symptoms of eczema depend on the stage of the course of the disease, in total there are 5 of them:

Erythematous (initial): general redness, swelling, itching - the cow begins to itch a lot and show anxiety.
Papular (nodular): small nodules appear, sores that do not disappear when pressed. Puffiness increases, there is a strong burning sensation and inflammation.
Vesicular and weeping (the most acute form): nodules are filled with purulent contents. The sores increase in size and burst upon contact with each other. In such affected areas, hair falls out, and scars may remain in place of bursting abscesses.
Scab-shaped: the spilled pus gradually dries up, forming a hard crust.
Scaly (final): gradual healing, subsidence of edema, falling off of scabs and crusts, the beginning of skin recovery.

Treatment depends on the stage of the course of the disease - for example, at the initial stage, treatment may be sufficient antiseptics, but in the acute form, treatment with antibiotics is not ruled out.

Therapy for progressive eczema looks like this:

Treatment of damaged areas with furatsilin, tar ointment, boric alcohol solution, as well as applying bandages with antiseptic ointment (for 10–15 minutes).
Taking non-hormonal drugs - "Tsidosept", camphor and tar ointment, zinc solution. These anti-inflammatory drugs are used almost without restriction.
Antibiotics - if acute bacterial infection. Also, the use of antifungal ointments (Zoomikol, Mikosept and other ointments with tetracycline) is additionally prescribed.
Antihistamines - calcium chloride solution, Suprastin, etc.

In particular severe cases autohemotherapy is used - an infusion of the cow's own venous blood under the skin. It helps to stimulate protective functions, and promotes the regeneration of epidermal cells.

Prevention eczema is a timely examination by a veterinarian, compliance with sanitary standards, balanced feed and regular examination of the skin of cows.

Lichen

main reason The appearance of lichen is infection with trichophytons and microsporums - pathogenic pathogenic fungi that can live on infected skin areas for 5–8 years. The danger of depriving lies in the fact that such an ailment can easily pass to other animals, young calves and even humans. Pathogenic lichen spores remain on the skin, wool, drinkers, feeders, therefore, to get rid of the disease, a thorough disinfection of the room and all equipment in it will be required.

Causes of lichen:

weakened immunity of the animal;
lack of vitamins;
increased skin sensitivity;
contact with a sick animal or a person infected with lichen.

Symptoms of lichen depend on the specific stage of the course of the disease:

Erased - mild form, mainly affects adults. In small areas of the skin, broken and tousled hairs appear, which can peel off. There may be slight itching. To accurately determine lichen at the erased stage, an additional laboratory analysis, because external signs ailments are still mild.
superficial- increased itching, foci with ruffled hairs increase, some areas of the coat begin to become covered with inflamed crusts. Hair loss begins, in the place of such bald spots, inflamed wounds can be found.
Did you know? The taste of a cow's milk directly depends on what kind of food she ate before. So, having used wormwood, the cow will give her milk a bitter aftertaste, but if she eats a flowering clover, the milk will become sweetish.
deep- mainly found in weakened cattle with low immunity. The animal becomes irritable, refuses to eat, rapidly loses weight. Severe inflammation of the skin begins - large dried crusts appear that resemble dough. From the wounds, pus and mucus with an unpleasant odor can ooze, rapid hair loss begins (it can fall out in whole areas).
blistered- merging of individual spots into one large infected area. The appearance of deep ulcers with pus. Depletion of livestock complete failure from food and food, a fatal outcome is possible.

Treatment of lichen is always aimed at eliminating the causative agent of the disease:

Placing a sick animal in quarantine.
Introduction antifungal drug(or vaccines) intramuscularly. Injections are carried out every 10–14 days (there can be up to 4–6 injections in total, then a break is necessary).
Usage antifungal ointments and keratolic balms. Such products containing active antifungal components help get rid of the causative agent of the disease. Ointments are applied to the affected areas every 12 hours. In order for the cow not to lick off the ointment, a gauze bandage is additionally applied on top, which is fastened with a bandage.
Drinking an animal vitamin preparations- it is necessary to raise the immune system.
Thorough disinfection of the animal stall, feeders and drinkers - any disinfectants that are safe for animals (iodine solution and salicylic alcohol, formalin, bleach, etc.).

In addition, a sick animal needs to improve the quality of nutrition and ensure peace. Some antibiotics may be used as directed by a veterinarian to reduce itching and pain in an animal.

Important! When treating wounds of a sick animal, as well as when injecting, feeding, etc., always use sterile protective gloves (moreover, they can only be used once and a new pair must be worn for each subsequent wound treatment).

Prevention of lichen is timely vaccination (vaccines TF-130 and TF-130K), regular examination by a veterinarian, quality control of nutrition, regular feeding vitamin supplements, as well as periodic disinfection of the entire barn (at least 1 time in 3 months).

Lumpy dermatitis

An infectious disease, accompanied by fever, swelling of the skin and the appearance of characteristic tubercles on it, as well as damage to internal organs (with a severe form of the disease). It is characterized by a decrease in milk yield, weight loss of livestock, in some cases - the onset of sterility (a cow can no longer conceive and bear a calf).

The causes of lumpy dermatitis are:

infection with a dermatitis virus through the blood - the source can be either an infected animal or birds and blood-sucking insects;
insemination of a cow with an infected bull;
infection of a calf by a sick mother through milk;
general weakening of the immune system and lack of vitamins.

Symptoms of lumpy skin disease are similar to those of smallpox:

the appearance of small nodules on the skin;
general inflammation of the skin, swelling;
severe fever a day after infection;
increase in body temperature;
the formation in the groin, udder, head of very dense tubercles, which sometimes merge into one large swollen lump;
tearing and gray discharge from the nose (sometimes with pus);
loss of appetite, weakness;
profuse salivation (in severe form), heavy breathing, severe swelling of the lymph nodes, sometimes asphyxia;
the appearance of erosions on the internal organs (mainly in intestinal tract and lungs), as well as the cornea of the eye. Sometimes, due to erosion, blindness occurs.

Treatment of lumpy dermatitis in a progressive and severe stage (when the disease has been active for more than 30 hours), unfortunately, it is impossible: the sick animal and those that have been in contact with it are killed and thorough disinfection and disinfestation measures are taken.

Animals at risk (which were within a radius of 10–15 km from the source of infection or were suspected of being infected) are placed in quarantine, where they are vaccinated and provided with fortified feeding.

Prevention of lumpy dermatitis is an annual immunization - the cow is injected with 3 strains of special sheep pox virus. Some vaccinated animals may show local signs of disease (appearance of bumps) that disappear within 2 weeks. The duration of the vaccine is 1 year.

Scabies (demodectic mange)

This disease is caused subcutaneous mites, which most often appear in young individuals in the hair follicles. When one cow becomes ill, scabies is quickly transmitted to the entire herd, so a sick animal must be placed in quarantine.

Causes of scabies:

non-compliance with sanitary and hygienic standards in the barn (waste accumulation, as well as a humid environment contributes to the cultivation of scabies mites);
contact with a sick animal;
damage to the skin or excessive sensitivity of the skin.

The symptoms of scabies are:

the appearance of weeping elevated formations with a diameter of up to 10 mm in the area of the udder, head and neck of the animal, as well as on the limbs;
severe itching (the animal constantly itches);
peeling of the skin. With the progression of the disease - the appearance of dense crusts;
anxiety of the animal, loss of appetite.

Treatment of scabies is aimed at getting rid of scabies mites:

A sick animal is placed in quarantine.
Insecticidal ointments, sprays and balms are used, which are applied to the affected areas (drugs based on butomat, trichlorfon, phosphoric acid). Processing is carried out every 10 days.
With a highly progressive disease - applying antiseptic compresses to combed wounds;
Vitaminization of feeding.

Scabies prevention is the regular spraying of insecticides in the premises where cows are kept (at least once a month). A prerequisite prevention or treatment is also adherence to sanitary standards (cleaning the barn from dirt, food residues, regular airing, etc.).

A skin disease caused by streptococci. It is characterized by a change in skin color (the appearance of pinkish spots that can peel off), anxiety of the animal. The danger of the disease lies in the risk of transmission from a sick cow to a healthy animal and person.

Did you know? Cows can swallow small metal objects along with food, which can result in injury to internal organs and other problems, so some owners have come up with the idea of slipping small magnets into animals' food, which, after swallowing, fall into the scar or mesh of the stomach and collect metal.

Causes of streptoderma:

any damage to the skin (wounds, scratches, bites and scratching);
low immunity, lack of vitamins;
bites of insects carrying streptococci;
contact with sick animals.

Symptoms of streptoderma are:

the appearance of pinkish scaly spots on the skin, udder;
itching and burning of the skin;
the formation of dry crusts at the site of combed wounds;
intense thirst, restlessness of the animal.

Treatment of streptoderma is based on the use of antiseptic and antibacterial drugs:

The animal is placed in quarantine.
External treatment of wounds and flaky spots with furatsilin, Levomekol or other antiseptics.
Application of wet compresses (based on 2% resorcinol). The bandage is applied daily for 7-10 days.
With a strong neglect of the disease - injections of antibiotics against streptococci.

Prevention of streptoderma consists in regular antiseptic treatment barn, timely isolation of a sick animal (to avoid infection of healthy cows), as well as a balanced diet and examination by a veterinarian.

Hypodermatosis

Dangerous chronic illness, which is caused by gadflies and their larvae living under the skin. This disease affects not only the skin, but also almost all internal organs, which negatively affects not only the number of milk yields and meat productivity, but also the health of the cow as a whole.

The causes of hypodermatosis in cows are:

Symptoms of hypodermatosis:

the appearance of small wounds, from which stands out serous exudate- this happens when the hatched larvae of gadflies penetrate into the subcutaneous tissue;
painful sensations of the animal, itching and burning, scratching of wounds;
animal anxiety;
decrease in milk yield, loss of appetite;
decreased activity of the cow, apathy;
skin swelling, presence inflammatory processes. On palpation, pus may be released;
the appearance of dense bumps (2-3 weeks after infection) in the ridge, back, lower back, chest and lower abdomen.

Treatment of hypodermatosis begins after an accurate diagnosis has been established (according to the presence of tubercles in the ridge and back):

A sick cow and all animals in the herd that have been in contact with her are placed in quarantine.
"Early chemotherapy" (in the summer) is used - this is the use of systemic insecticides that can eliminate the first stage gadfly larvae: "Cydectin", "Aversect", "Hypodectin-H". Slaughter for meat after treatment with such drugs is allowed after at least 5 days. If slaughter must be done earlier, then the meat of such a cow is unfit for human consumption, but can be used to feed carnivores.
The introduction of injections of "Dermacin" or any drug based on ivermectin (the procedure is performed once, subcutaneously or intramuscularly).
Conducting "late chemotherapy" (in autumn period) - repeated use of drugs in the same doses. Also, the back is additionally watered with an aqueous emulsion with a solution of cypermethrin and Butox (250 ml per animal). It is important to carry out this procedure in such a way that the cow cannot lick off this emulsion.
Strengthening the quality of cow nutrition, possible additional reception antibiotics.

Prevention of hypodermatosis is the treatment of animals with insecticidal agents, the disinfection of manure, the treatment of cows with anti-gadfly drugs (before the season of gadfly flights), as well as a balanced diet and regular examination by a veterinarian.

Lice (pediculosis)

The disease of cows with pediculosis occurs due to the defeat of lice - small whitish insects. Lice are dangerous because they are carriers of various viral and fungal diseases, so the disease can lead to very serious consequences.

Important! A head lice cow does not need to be quarantined, but treatment should be given to every animal that has been in contact with the cow.

Causes of pediculosis:

poor sanitary and hygienic conditions;
contact with a sick animal;
drop in immunity, lack of vitamins in the body.

Signs of pediculosis:

itching and trembling over the body of a cow;
decrease in skin elasticity;
breakage of wool, the appearance of dull and tousled hairs;
constant desire to scratch;
loss of appetite, refusal of water;
reduction in the number of milk yields;
lag of young growth in growth;
in some cases - anemia.

Treatment of pediculosis is complex: moreover, if lice infect one individual, then the whole herd is usually treated (since the probability of disease of other cows is almost 100%):

Apart from medical preparations, used good folk remedy against lice - wood ash. It is rubbed into the affected areas of the skin every 2 hours for two days. Re-treatment is carried out after 5-7 days.

Prevention Pediculosis in a cow is a timely examination of the animal for the presence of lice, the periodic use of repellents (treatment of places of frequent accumulation of lice - the spine, horns, head, tail and abdomen), compliance with sanitary standards, and regular treatment of the barn with antimicrobial agents.

Prevention of skin diseases

The best treatment for any skin disease is timely prevention: it is easier to prevent an ailment than to cure it.

Did you know?In the old days, when plowing the land in a plow, it was more often not bulls that were harnessed, but cows, since they are calmer and easier to control.

Preventive measures to prevent skin diseases in cows include:

nutrition quality control - balanced feed, as well as the introduction of vitamin supplements;
observance of sanitary and hygienic standards in the barn: timely cleaning of manure and replacement of bedding, elimination of dampness and drafts;
periodic treatment of the barn with any antiseptic preparations(at least once every 2 months);
compliance with the vaccination plan (against smallpox and lumpy dermatitis);
careful examination of each cow, observation of the behavior and appetite of the animal;
scheduled vet checkups.

These preventive measures are not expensive or troublesome. The implementation of these recommendations will prevent or quickly detect skin diseases in cows and start high-quality treatment in a timely manner.

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