From what pills eufillin instruction. Application features and side effects. Side effects from the use of the drug

The main thing pharmachologic effect drug - a decrease in the concentration of calcium in the cells. Because of this, it is used for relaxation. smooth muscle especially the bronchi. It is prescribed for obstructive diseases respiratory tract. For cupping acute attacks available in injectable form.

Dosage form

The drug is available in the form of tablets and solution for intravenous administration. Both dosage forms are used for the same conditions, but the composition is slightly different.

Description and composition

The main active component of Eufillin in tablets is aminophylline at a dosage of 150 mg. Chemically, this substance is the salt of theophylline. The addition of the amino group made it possible to use the drug in oral form, increasing its solubility and absorption rate.

In the ampoule solution, the main active ingredient is theophylline itself, which is a derivative of xanthine. 1 ml of solution contains 20 mg of theophylline. The mechanism of action is based on blocking adenosine receptors, reducing the concentration of intracellular calcium and increasing cAMP. This leads to the following clinical effects:

1. Bronchodilator.
2. Antispasmodic.
3. Vasodilator.

Thanks to them, Eufillin found its application in medicine, namely, in pulmonology. Influencing the smooth muscles of the bronchi, it causes their relaxation, which is especially pronounced with the initial constriction. In addition to bronchodilator action, importance has the ability of theophylline to increase mucociliary clearance, inhibit the release of mediators of allergy and inflammation, and stabilize membranes mast cells.

In addition, Theophylline has a stimulating effect on the central nervous system, skeletal muscles and myocardium, and also has a weak and short diuretic action. By stimulating the release of adrenaline, Theophylline has an indirect effect on adenine receptors in some tissues.

Eufillin stimulates respiratory center, enhances the work of the left ventricle of the heart, increases the stroke volume of the blood and its saturation with oxygen, reduces the concentration of carbon dioxide. After taking the drug, blood flow in peripheral tissues increases, and cerebral circulation may decrease slightly. By increasing renal circulation, a diuretic effect is achieved.

Of the less important clinical effects that still need to be taken into account, we can name:

1. Reducing thrombosis.
2. Improving the rheological properties of blood.
3. tocolytic action.
4. Increased acidity of gastric juice.
5. Epileptogenic effect (manifested in high doses).
6. Expansion of extrahepatic biliary tract.

In smokers, the pharmacodynamics of Eufillin changes and the rate of its elimination increases.

Pharmacological group

Remedy for systemic use with obstructive airway diseases. A xanthine derivative.

Indications for use

for adults

Eufillin is prescribed for the treatment of:

1. Broncho-obstructive syndrome with bronchial asthma.
2. Emphysema of the lungs.
3. Respiratory disorders, in particular, with sleep apnea.
4. Pulmonary heart.
5. Hypertension of the pulmonary circulation.
6. Violations cerebral circulation(for parenteral form).
7. Left ventricular failure with bronchospasm (for the parenteral form).

As part of complex therapy the drug can be used for:

1. Edema syndrome of renal genesis.
2. Heart failure of acute and chronic course.

for kids

More often indications for use are neonatal apnea and broncho-obstructive syndrome. However, Euphyllin may be prescribed for other conditions, at the discretion of the doctor.

In the form of tablets, the drug can only be used in children older than 3 years. In the form of a solution for intravenous administration, in some cases, the drug can be administered to children from the very early age after a careful assessment by the physician of the benefit/risk ratio.

for pregnant women and during lactation

The drug penetrates into breast milk, therefore, if treatment with Eufillin is necessary breast-feeding will have to stop. During pregnancy, it is also contraindicated, as it can be found in dangerous concentrations in the blood of a newborn. If the pregnant woman was nevertheless prescribed Eufillin, then after childbirth the child requires careful monitoring.

Contraindications

You can not use Eufillin in the following conditions:

1. Hypersensitivity to xanthine derivatives (including caffeine,).
2. Acute heart failure.
3. Angina.
4. Acute heart attack.
5. Extrasystole.
6. Paroxysmal tachycardia.
7. Severe atherosclerosis.
8. Aggravation peptic ulcer stomach and duodenum.
9. Epilepsy or elevated convulsive readiness.
10. Work disruptions.
11. Hemorrhagic stroke or retinal hemorrhage.
12. Pulmonary edema.
13. Liver or kidney disorders.
14. Sepsis.
15. Porfiry.

Applications and doses

for adults

After intravenous injection, the effect occurs within 5 minutes. The dosage regimen is selected individually in each case. This takes into account not only the nature of the disease, but also comorbidities the patient, as well as his smoking history.

The injection takes place in the supine position with the obligatory control of blood pressure and heart rate. The solution is prepared immediately before administration after dilution with sodium chloride.

The average daily dose for adults is 10 mg/kg. The amount obtained is divided into three doses. If dizziness or other side effects occur, the drug should be administered by drip. Higher single dose is 250 mg, daily - 500 mg.

for kids

From the age of 14, the dose of Eufillin is 2-3 mg / kg. The maximum daily dose depends on the age of the patient. From 3 to 9 years old, it is 24 mg / kg. The duration of treatment depends on the severity of the disease. Usually the course of treatment is several days, but it is not recommended to continue it for more than 2 weeks.

Side effects

The action of Eufillin affects most organ systems, so the spectrum side effects can also be wide. Patients noted the following adverse reactions:

1. Skin rashes, itching, anaphylactic shock, dermatitis.
2. Insomnia, dizziness, tremor, convulsions, anxiety, altered consciousness.
3. Change in heart rate, heart failure, collapse.
4. Nausea, diarrhea, loss of appetite, intestinal atony, exacerbation of ulcers.
5. Metabolic disorders.
6. Feeling hot, fever, excessive sweating, weakness.

Interaction with other drugs

Interaction with such medicinal substances is possible:

1. Ephedrine, beta-adrenergic stimulants and caffeine - enhancing the action of Eufillin.
2. Corticosteroid hormones - an increase in the likelihood of their side effects.
3. Phenobarbital, - a decrease in the effectiveness of Eufillin.
4. Sorbents. Antidiarrheal drugs - weaken the effect of Eufillin.
5. Antibiotics of the fluoroquinolone group - enhancing the effectiveness of the drug.
6. Diuretics - strengthening their action.
7. Means affecting nervous system- increased neurotoxicity.

special instructions

With caution and under more careful supervision, the drug is prescribed to patients with:

1. Viral infection.
2. Cardiovascular diseases.
3. Hyperplasia of the prostate.
4. Glaucoma, as well as people over 60 years old.

At accelerated withdrawal theophylline (for example, in smokers), an increase in the dose of the drug is required.

The use of coffee and tea may enhance the pharmacological effects of Eufillin.

Overdose

Blood concentrations of theophylline greater than 20 mg/kg may cause overdose symptoms:

1. Hyperemia of the face.
2. Insomnia.
3. diarrhea.
4. Hyperglycemia.
5. epileptic seizures.
6. Intoxication.
7. Tremor.
8. Confusion of consciousness.
9. Arrhythmia.

When the first signs appear, it is necessary to cancel the drug, monitor hemodynamic parameters and accelerate the elimination of theophylline from the body. When convulsions appear, they are stopped.

Storage conditions

The drug is stored at a temperature not exceeding 25 degrees.

Analogues

Instead of Eufillin, the following drugs can be used:

1. Aminophylline-Eskom is complete analogue drug Eufillin. The drug is produced in the form of a solution for injection into a vein. It can be used in children from 3 years of age. In the case when the benefit to the mother outweighs the harm to the child, the medication can be prescribed to pregnant and lactating women.
2. Teopek is a substitute for Eufillin in the therapeutic group. The drug is produced in regular and prolonged tablets. You can prescribe the medicine to patients older than 3 years, women in position and breastfeeding.
3. Teotard contains theophylline as an active ingredient. The medication is produced in prolonged capsules, approved for children over 6 years old. With caution, they should be drunk during pregnancy and lactation.
4. Theostat is a substitute for Eufillin in the clinical and pharmacological group. It is produced in divisible prolonged tablets that can be used by children from 3 years old. According to strict indications, the drug can be used during pregnancy.
5. Aerofillin. It contains doxophylline as the main component. Its advantage is that it does not affect the transport of calcium ions and does not block adenosine receptors. This reduces the likelihood of side effects on the heart, kidneys, blood vessels and nervous system.
6. Neophyllin. Contains theophylline and is an analogue of Eufillin.
7. Theotard. It also contains theophylline, but is available in capsules that have a prolonged action.
8. Puroxan. Available in the form of a syrup, approved for use in children. Active ingredient- doxophylline, which has fewer side effects.

The price of the drug

The cost of the drug is an average of 29 rubles. Prices range from 9 to 99 rubles.

Eufillin dropper in ampoules is used to treat pathologies that are accompanied by airway obstruction and other diseases with spasms of smooth muscles. It contains the active ingredient theophylline. Release form: solution with different concentrations of this ingredient, packaged in glass ampoules. The medicine is used for intramuscular injection. When diluting the drug in water, you can use it for intravenous injections. The dosage and duration of treatment is prescribed by the attending physician.

What is this drug?

Eufillin is an antispasmodic that helps to relax the smooth muscles of the uterus, bronchi, and bile ducts. After application, the drug eliminates spasm and muscle contractions. For example, in diseases of the bronchi, it reduces bronchospasm, with the threat of miscarriage, it eliminates excessive uterine contractions.

The medicine Eufillin is produced by several manufacturers. The brand name may be different because pharmaceutical factories tend to register their own brand. This is Eufillin-Darnitsa, and Eufillin-UBF. However, the composition of the solution does not change. It is produced according to the same formula that was patented many years ago.

Release form

The drug is available in the form of a solution for injection and tablets. Solutions are of two types:

• for intramuscular injection (concentration of 24% aminophylline).
• for intravenous administration (concentration 2, 4% aminophylline).

Additionally, the composition of the solution includes water and a preservative. The preservative is determined by the formula of the manufacturing plant.

Action on the body

With the use of aminophylline, the work of the muscles between the ribs and the ventilation of the alveolar space improve. The drug enhances local immune defense mucous membranes from aggressive pathogenic agents (viruses, bacteria). It expands the lumen of blood vessels, relieving the tension of their walls, reduces the pressure of blood flow in the lungs. The drug improves the functioning of the heart muscle, enhances the production of adrenaline, and has a diuretic effect.

The dropper prevents the formation of blood clots and prolongs the life of red blood cells in the body. It relaxes the walls of the uterus during muscle contractions, threatening premature birth and abortion.

Indications for treatment

Eufillin is recommended if the patient has obstructive pulmonary disease in chronic form, asthma, bronchitis, sleep apnea. It is used to reduce high intracranial pressure, to eliminate asthma attacks, with impaired blood circulation of the brain, which develops with strokes and its swelling of the brain.

Eufillin injections are intravenously prescribed if the patient develops heart failure in acute or chronic form. Such injections lower the pressure in the vessels of the lungs, relieve swelling in kidney diseases. The medicine helps with neuralgia (like Milgamma and its substitutes). It is used in gynecology at risk premature birth or at risk of miscarriage. It has a relaxing effect on the smooth muscles of the uterus and relieves spasms.

Contraindications of the drug

Eufillin has a synthetic nature and a number of contraindications in which it should not be used:

• It is not recommended to give injections with aminophylline for heart attacks, arrhythmias, tachycardia.
• Do not put them with attacks of epilepsy, peptic ulcer of the gastrointestinal tract (acute phase), with gastritis.
• Treatment with an injection solution should not be carried out if the patient has severe liver disease, kidney disease, there is a risk of retinal hemorrhage.
• It is forbidden to take it with intolerance to aminophylline.

Doctors recommend using it with caution for the treatment of children under 14 years of age, elderly patients. The risk group also includes nursing mothers, pregnant women, people suffering from atherosclerosis. Such treatment is carried out only under the supervision of the attending physician, with any side effects or deterioration in health, the medicine is canceled.

Instructions for use

The dosage of the drug and the duration of the course of treatment is determined based on the diagnosed disease, age, weight of the patient and other factors:

• If a person is in a state where emergency care is needed, then the solution is administered intravenously over 30 minutes at a dosage of 5.6 mg per kilogram of weight.
• For droppers, the drug is brought to the required concentration with an aqueous solution of NaCl and saline.
• For routine maintenance treatment, injections are given intravenously at a dosage of 0.9 mg per kilogram of body weight.
• When taking theophylline before treatment with this medication, the dosage should be halved.
• The maximum daily dose varies from 0.4 to 0.5 ml per kg of patient weight.
• When treating young children, consultation with a doctor is required. Newborns and children under the age of 3 months can be administered no more than 60 mg active substance per day. In children older than 3 months, the dosage varies from 60 to 500 mg per day.
• For COPD treatment in children, the initial dose should not exceed 6 mg per kg of body weight.
• The course of treatment depends on the patient's performance, the diagnosis and the effectiveness of therapy. It may take several months.

Side effects of Eufillin

After taking the medicine, patients may experience anxiety, insomnia. They feel dizzy, their limbs cramp, and their muscles begin to tremor. At the same time, the work of the heart muscle is disrupted, heart palpitations begin. After the injections, a migraine occurs, the patient is agitated, quickly irritated.

If a woman is pregnant, then heart palpitations and arrhythmia may occur when taking medication for recent months pregnancy. In addition, angina pectoris develops, blood pressure rises. With a long course of treatment with aminophylline, appetite may decrease, nausea occurs, and there are bouts of vomiting. Sometimes the drug provokes diarrhea or the development of stomach ulcers and duodenum.

• Side effects can manifest as a rash on the skin, a person has a fever, itching appears.
• Pain in the sternum may develop, diuresis increases, the person sweats heavily.
• Often, simply reducing the dose of the drug is enough to reduce the side effects that occur.
• After a skin puncture, this area may hurt, swell. There are seals and swelling.

Overdose: symptoms and patient care

After the introduction of too large a dose of the drug, the appetite worsens, diarrhea develops, there is vomiting with blood, nausea. After an overdose, tachycardia may begin, internal stomach bleeding. There may be problems with sleep, convulsions and tremors in the limbs begin, photophobia and tachycardia develop.

When the dose is increased, the patient may be agitated, he starts having epileptic seizures, develops hypokalemia, and blood pressure drops. A person often begins confusion and kidney failure.

To stop the symptoms and improve the condition, it is necessary to stop the drug. The patient is washed out the stomach, given laxatives and activated charcoal. Also carried out symptomatic treatment with metoclopramide and ondansetron if the patient vomits. For convulsions, oxygen therapy with airway support is recommended.

At epileptic seizures needs to be done to the patient intravenous injection diazepam. If a person vomits strongly, then intravenous injections of metoclopramide, ondansetron should be administered.

Nuances of application

The drug should be used with caution in heart attacks, angina pectoris, atherosclerosis. Under the supervision of a physician, treatment is carried out for renal and liver failure, with a stomach ulcer or gastrointestinal tract. Treatment should be monitored for hypothyroidism, thyrotoxicosis, and prostatic hypertrophy.

The drug should be used with caution in the treatment of the elderly and children. This is especially true when taking pills.

Reducing the dosage may be necessary in violation of the functioning of the liver, with chronic alcohol addiction if a person has a fever, with an acute respiratory illness. Dose reduction is possible when treatment is given to an elderly person. If an analogue of the drug with the same active substance is chosen, then regular tests should be carried out to determine its concentration in the blood.

1. During treatment, you should not drink strong brewed tea and coffee, take theophylline and purine derivatives.
2. Does not combine medicine with beta-blockers.
3. It is not recommended to inject if you have to drive a car or other mechanisms. The ingredients of the drug, being absorbed into the blood, scatter attention, the sharpness of reactions is lost.

Medication during pregnancy

The instructions for use state that its use at this time may threaten the health of the child. In the blood of a newborn, doctors often detect a high concentration of caffeine and aminophylline.

If the mother undergoes a course of injections with this remedy, but the children are observed by doctors after birth to exclude xanthine intoxication. When taking aminophylline, doctors conduct a risk assessment and possible consequences. The medicine is prescribed for extreme vital signs.

Why pregnant women are prescribed aminophylline?

Indications during the gestation period:

• Tissue swelling.
• placental insufficiency.
• Preeclampsia.
• The threat of miscarriage or premature birth.

Pregnancy in the annotation is prescribed as a contraindication, so there is no clear treatment regimen. The doctor prescribes the dosage and schedule of admission, based on the diagnosis of the woman, her state of health. In pregnant women, during the course of treatment, a strong heartbeat may begin, weakness is observed.

Electrophoresis with the drug

This procedure is performed for people of any age to relax the muscles, reduce intracranial pressure. It is used in complex therapy for diseases of the joints. Electrophoresis is used to improve blood circulation in certain areas (neck, lower back). It acts pointwise, without having a systemic effect. Therefore, the procedure is used even for infants and is well tolerated by all groups of patients.

For electrophoresis, a piece of gauze is wetted in the drug (at a concentration of 2.4%), electrodes are applied to the desired area. During the procedure, the patient feels warmth or tingling. The course of treatment is 10 sessions of 10-15 minutes. The procedure is done every other day, then a break is needed.

Eufillin and alcoholic drinks

The drug is not combined with alcohol, because it enhances toxic effect on the body, increasing the effects of the drug. Against this background, pressure drops, suffocation begins, the heartbeat quickens, arrhythmia and tachycardia develop. Due to the relaxation of the muscles of the lungs, sometimes there is a complete cessation of breathing, with weakened vessels of the brain, hemorrhages are possible. In rare cases, taking alcohol and aminophylline at the same time provokes a fatal outcome.

Storage conditions, holiday conditions

The medicine is dispensed by prescription. Its cost depends on the form of release and varies from 11 to 94 rubles per pack.

Relaxing the smooth muscles of all internal organs, such as the uterus, bladder, bronchi, blood vessels, bile ducts, etc. Due to the relaxation of smooth muscles, Eufillin relieves spasm and excessive contractions of internal organs caused by any causative factor. Thus, Eufillin dilates blood vessels, relieves bronchospasm, reduces the contractile activity of the uterus, stopping the threat of miscarriage or premature birth, etc.

Release forms, names and composition of Euphyllin

So, Eufillin is available in three dosage forms:

• Tablets for oral administration;
• Solution for intravenous administration;
• Solution for intramuscular injection.

As an active substance, all dosage forms of Eufillin include a substance aminophylline in the following different quantities:

• Tablets - 150 mg of aminophylline;
• Solution for intravenous administration - 24 mg of aminophylline per 1 ml (2.4%);
• Solution for intramuscular injection - 240 mg of aminophylline per 1 ml (24%).

In solutions for intramuscular and intravenous injections only purified water and a preservative are included as auxiliary components, which may be different for preparations produced by different pharmaceutical plants. Therefore, in order to obtain complete and accurate information about the auxiliary components of this particular injection solution, it is recommended to carefully study the instructions attached to the medicine. Euphyllin tablets contain calcium stearate and potato starch as excipients.

Tablets are available in packs of 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 40, 50, 75, 80 and 100 pieces. A solution for intravenous administration of 2.4% is available in ampoules of 5 ml and 10 ml. A solution for intramuscular injection of 24% is available in 1 ml ampoules.

Eufillin - prescription

A prescription for a solution of Eufillin for intramuscular injection is written in exactly the same way as for a solution for intravenous administration, but with the only difference - after the words "Sol. Euphyllini" a concentration of 24% is indicated. After the letter S, the doctor may indicate how the solution should be administered. However, often the doctor does not write in the prescription how to administer the solution, but explains the rules and methods of injecting a person in words.

The prescription for Eufillin tablets is written as follows:
Rep: Tab. Euphyllini 150 mg
D.t.d. No. 10 intab.
S. Take 1 tablet 3 times daily.

In prescriptions, after the letters "Rp" the Latin name of the drug is indicated (in this case Euphyllini) and its dosage form (Sol. - solution or Tab. - tablets). After the name, the concentration of the solution or the dosage of the tablets is written. On the next line, after the letters "D.t.d." under the number icon indicates the number of ampoules or tablets that the pharmacist must dispense to the person who presented the prescription. Finally, on the last line of the prescription, after the letter "S", the doctor writes how the drug should be used. This information is intended for the patient himself.

Therapeutic effect of the drug

If the smooth muscles are strained excessively, then instead of rhythmic contractions, a spasm develops, the lumen of the organ narrows sharply, and various substances either cease to be transported at all, or the speed of this process slows down significantly. After all, a small amount of blood flows through a narrow lumen in a blood vessel, and air also passes through sharply narrowed bronchi with great difficulty, etc. In order to restore the normal patency of the organ and ensure regular transportation of substances at the required speed and in the required quantity, it is necessary to eliminate the spasm of smooth muscles, that is, to relax them. After muscle relaxation, the lumen of the organ expands and all substances can pass through it unhindered. Eufillin causes just such a relaxation of smooth muscles and, accordingly, the relief of their spasm with the restoration of patency.

Since smooth muscles are found in many internal organs, and Eufillin has a non-selective effect, when it is used, all smooth muscle structures relax and, accordingly, multiple effects from various systems occur.

So, Eufillin has the following therapeutic effects on various organs and tissues:

• Relaxes the muscles of the bronchi, expands their lumen and, thereby, stops bronchospasm;
• Stimulates the work of the respiratory center in the brain;
• Reduces the number and severity of sleep apnea attacks;
• Increases the strength and frequency of heart contractions;
• Increases the intensity of cardiac blood flow and myocardial oxygen demand;
• Reduces the tone of blood vessels, relaxing them and lowering blood pressure;
• Improves peripheral microcirculation in tissues;
• Increases blood supply to the kidneys and thus has a moderate diuretic effect;
• Expands the biliary tract, relieving spasm and pain;
• Prevents the development of allergic reactions;
• Reduces the adhesion of platelets to each other and the formation of blood clots;
• Increases the resistance of erythrocytes to deformation;
• It has a tocolytic effect (relaxes the uterus and eliminates the threat of miscarriage or premature birth);
• Increases the acidity of gastric juice;
• In high doses, it can provoke epileptic seizures.

Eufillin - indications for use

Non-standard use of the drug (for which procedures it is used)

Electrophoresis with Eufillin is used in the following cases:

• Osteochondrosis;
• Arthrosis and arthritis of various joints;
• Chronical bronchitis;
• Violation of cerebral circulation;
• Increased intracranial pressure;
• Hypertonicity or hypotonicity of muscles in children;
• head dysplasia femur in infants;
• Prolonged non-closure of the fontanel in infants;
• Nerve lesions in adults (eg, facial nerve).

Instructions for use

Eufillin tablets - instructions for use

For the treatment of bronchospasm, adults should take Eufillin 150 mg (1 tablet) 2 to 3 times a day. For children, the dosage of tablets is calculated individually based on body weight, based on the ratio of 7-10 mg per 1 kg of weight. The amount of Eufillin calculated in this way is divided into 4 doses. For example, a child weighing 20 kg should take 10 * 20 = 200 mg of Euphyllin per day. This amount - 200 mg should be divided into 4 doses - 200/4 = 50 mg. Thus, a child weighing 20 kg should take 50 mg (1/3 tablet) of Eufillin 4 times a day.

The maximum allowable single dose of Eufillin for adults is 500 mg (3.3 tablets), and the daily dose is 1500 mg (10 tablets). For children, the highest single dosage is 10 mg per 1 kg, and the daily dose is 15 mg per 1 kg.

The duration of therapy with Eufillin is determined individual characteristics body and the rate of normalization of the state. So, for some people, to relieve bronchospasm, it is enough to take Eufillin for several days, while others will have to drink the drug for 2 to 5 months in a row. The duration of treatment is determined by the attending physician, who knows the person’s medical history, is aware of his reactions to drugs, the individual rate of normalization of the condition and a decrease in the tone of the smooth muscles of the bronchi.

If a person takes Eufillin on his own, then it is necessary to stop therapy no earlier than 4 to 5 days after the complete relaxation of the bronchi has occurred, which manifests itself in ease of breathing.

In addition to the indicated scheme for the use of Eufillin tablets, which implies self-treatment, which initially consisted in taking the drug orally, there is another option for maintenance therapy. This maintenance therapy consists in the course use of Eufillin tablets after the relief of an acute condition with the help of intravenous injections of a solution of the same drug. Maintenance therapy with Eufillin is aimed at maintaining the result achieved by injections, as well as at achieving stable remission and preventing recurrent episodes of severe, life-threatening bronchospasm.

Maintenance therapy begins with taking the minimum dosage of Eufillin tablets, which can be increased by 25% every three days, until the maximum is reached. allowable quantities the use of the drug. The duration of therapy is determined by the rate of onset of a stable remission with no episodes of bronchospasm.

So, for adults, the minimum maintenance dosage is as follows - 1 tablet every 6 hours (that is, take 1 tablet 4 times a day). After three days, the dosage can be increased by 25%, that is, by 1 tablet and take not 4, but 5 tablets per day. This fifth tablet can be divided into four parts and taken 1 + 1/4 tablets 4 times a day. But you can take one additional tablet whole in one of the four daily doses. For example, in the morning take 2 tablets at once, and in the remaining three doses - one at a time. The maximum daily dosage for adults for maintenance treatment is 900 mg, which corresponds to 6 tablets.

For children, the initial dosage of maintenance therapy is calculated by body weight from a ratio of 16 mg per 1 kg. The calculated amount of the drug is divided into 3-4 doses per day. If necessary, as for adults, every 3 days you can increase daily dosage by 25% until the maximum allowable values ​​are reached. The maximum daily dosage for maintenance treatment in children is determined by age and is as follows:

• Children under 1 year old- dosage is calculated by the formula: 0.3 * age in weeks + 8;
• Children 1 – 9 years old- the maximum allowable daily dosage is 22 mg per 1 kg;
• Children 9 – 12 years old- 20 mg per 1 kg;
• Children 12 - 16 years old- 18 mg per 1 kg.

• Children from 0 to 6 months - dosage is calculated by the formula: 0.07 * age in weeks + 1.7. The calculated amount of Eufillin is given to the child every 8 hours (3 times a day).
• Children 6 – 12 months - calculated by the formula: 0.05 * age in weeks + 1.25. The calculated amount of the drug is given to the child every 6 hours (4 times a day).
• Children 1 – 9 years old- 5 mg per 1 kg every 6 hours.
• Children 9 – 12 years old
• Children 12 - 16 years old
• Adult non-smokers and non-liver sufferers - 3 mg per 1 kg every 6 hours.
• adult smokers - 4 mg per 1 kg every 6 hours.
• Adults with liver disease - 2 mg per 1 kg every 8 hours.

Eufillin ampoules - instructions for use

Intravenous administration of Eufillin is used only in emergency conditions, when it is necessary to quickly stop bronchospasm, life threatening. When acute condition removed, switch to a maintenance dose of Eufillin in tablets or intramuscular injections. Wherein the best option are pills, and intramuscular injections are resorted to only in cases where a person for some reason cannot take pills inside (for example, stomach diseases, etc.). However, as soon as possible, it is recommended to switch from intramuscular injections to taking tablets.

So, in acute emergency conditions, Eufillin is administered intravenously by drip (a "dropper" is placed). The dosage is calculated or determined individually depending on the age and weight of the person:

• Adults and teenagers over 16 years old - 6 mg per 1 kg of weight;
• Infants up to 3 months - administer 30 - 60 mg per day;
• Children 4 – 12 months - administer 60 - 90 mg per day;
• Children 2 – 3 years old- administer 90 - 120 mg per day;
• Children 4 – 7 years old- administer 120 - 140 mg per day;
• Children 8 – 16 years old- administer 250 - 500 mg per day.

At status asthmaticus, regardless of weight, 720 - 750 mg of Eufillin are intravenously administered intravenously (30 - 32 ml of a solution from ampoules is diluted in 250 ml of saline) for 1 - 2 hours.

Intramuscularly with different states For adults, Eufillin is administered at 100–500 mg per day, and for children, the dosage is calculated individually according to the ratio of 15 mg per 1 kg. Moreover, the daily dosage is divided into 3-4 equal parts and, respectively, 3-4 injections per day are made.

Intramuscular and intravenous use Eufillina should be as short as possible, and as soon as possible it is necessary to switch to taking tablets. The maximum allowable duration of the injection of Eufillin solutions is 14 days.

Gynecologists prescribe Eufillin in the complex therapy of preeclampsia and edema in pregnant women, with placental insufficiency, as well as in other conditions requiring immediate use of the drug because of the threat to the life of the mother. Thus, Eufillin is not completely safe drug, but the degree of its "harmlessness" is quite sufficient for use during pregnancy if indicated.

Therefore, if a doctor has prescribed Euphyllin to a pregnant woman, she can take it, strictly observing the prescribed dosages and duration of therapy. But on its own, if any signs disturbing a woman appear, the drug should not be used.

Euphyllin for children

And tablets at an older age are quite widely used in the practice of a pediatrician, who prescribes them for the treatment of bronchospasm, often developing in children suffering from bronchitis. In tablet form, this is the main use of Eufillin. However, pediatricians for the treatment of bronchitis prefer to prescribe Eufillin not in tablets, but in the form of inhalations, for the production of which a 2.4% solution is used.

AT infancy(up to a year) Eufillin is used to relieve muscle hypertonicity, reduce intracranial pressure, and also to eliminate developmental delay associated with impaired cerebral circulation. However, in infants, Euphyllin is used, as a rule, during the physiotherapeutic procedure of electrophoresis, since it allows the drug to be administered directly to those areas where it is needed. That is, the introduction of the drug during electrophoresis avoids pronounced systemic effects on blood vessels, bronchi, bile ducts and kidneys, as well as possible irritation of the stomach and intestines, and at the same time creates the necessary concentration of Eufillin in the affected tissues.

Dosages of aminophylline for electrophoresis, inhalation and oral administration are determined by the doctor. Usually, the dosage of Eufillin tablets for a child is calculated according to the ratio of 7-10 mg per 1 kg, after which the resulting value is divided into 3-4 doses per day.

Application for cough

But if an adult or a child coughs heavily and painfully, he develops whole attacks that do not allow breathing and act literally asphyxiating, then it is recommended to take Eufillin 3 times a day. Adults are recommended to take 1 tablet, and children - 1/4 - 1/3 tablets. As the cough decreases, you should switch to taking only one dose of Eufillin (1 tablet for adults and 1/4 - 1/3 for children) at night so that you can sleep peacefully without coughing attacks, which quite often occur with transition from vertical to horizontal position. Between taking the tablets, you should maintain at least a 6-hour interval.

With the aim of get well soon 10 - 15 minutes after taking the Eufillin tablet, it is recommended to carry out inhalation of the usual mineral water or saline solution. This will speed up the excretion of sputum and, accordingly, the healing process will be faster.

Eufillin for inhalation

The inhalation use of Eufillin belongs to the category of the so-called off-label-prescription, that is, the use is not according to the instructions. Unfortunately, such inhalations are quite widely used, although their effectiveness is very low, since Euphyllin practically does not have any effect on the mucous membrane. significant effect. After all, to achieve a therapeutic effect, the drug must get to the blood.

In such situations, the relaxation of the bronchi and the excretion of sputum occurs due to the fact that during inhalation, water vapor enters the respiratory tract. That is, Eufillin inhalation is comparable in efficiency to inhalation with plain water. Therefore, in order to treat obstructive bronchitis or relieve an asthma attack, it is not recommended to use inhalations with Eufillin.

Electrophoresis with Eufillin (baby, child, adult)

This physiotherapeutic procedure allows you to create a concentration of the drug directly in the affected tissues, so that it acts pointwise, without causing systemic effects. It is due to the absence of these systemic effects that electrophoresis with Eufillin can be used in

Eufillin in tablets, the instructions for use of which states that it is a drug for systemic use, can cure respiratory diseases (obstructive). Eufillin tablets have a strong diuretic, antispasmodic, bronchodilating and tocolytic property on the human body, due to which the treatment of respiratory pathologies is carried out in a short time. The drug in tablets is prescribed by the doctor after a complete examination of the patient and the detection of the disease. To quickly get rid of the symptoms of diseases of the upper respiratory tract, you should take Eufillin tablets strictly according to the instructions that are in each pack, and also follow the advice medical worker so that the treatment goes without serious complications.

The action of the drug is associated with the blocking of purine receptors located in the smooth muscle cells of the bronchi. A decrease in their activity leads to a disruption in the transport of calcium ions in the body to the chest, due to which these elements are delivered to the lung cavity. As a result, they do not relax, which leads to the development serious illnesses for the body.

Optimal and correct dose the drug inhibits the activity of phosphodiesterases - this leads to the hydrolysis of cAMP, and also causes the stabilization of this element in the cells respiratory organs. As a result, suppression prevents the kinase from interacting with actin, which causes contraction. chest and aggravates the course of pulmonary diseases.

When treating with Eufillin, it is important to eliminate not only the pathologies of the respiratory tract, but also to normalize the functioning of the chest - otherwise the treatment will not be considered effective and the patient will soon return to the previous disease.

The action of Eufillin on the human body:

• increased contractility of the intercostal muscles and diaphragm;
• stimulation of the heart muscle;
• lack of fatigue of the respiratory organs during the maximum load on them;
• an increase in the force of contraction of the muscles of the heart, which is caused by the influence of phosphodiesterase in the body;
• expansion of blood vessels and renal glomeruli, which leads to the normalization of blood circulation in the body and this organ;
• stimulation of the respiratory center located in the brain;
• suppression of uterine contractions during pregnancy;
• increase of hydrochloric acid in the cavity of the stomach;
• improves lung ventilation, resulting in a decrease in apnea;
• an increase in blood viscosity due to a decrease in the ability of platelets to commit adhesion.

Due to these properties, respiratory treatment is carried out in short term. Important: taking other medicines along with taking Eufillin tablets is prohibited, as a dangerous reaction for the body can occur, which consists in suppressing the properties of both drugs.

Indications and contraindications of the drug

The use of this drug is carried out with the development of lung diseases in the body. These include:

• bronchial asthma;
• obstructive pulmonary pathologies in a chronic form;
• emphysema;
• bronchitis of the advanced form;
• cor pulmonale;
• pulmonary hypertension;
• the development of sleep apnea (a disease associated with the retraction of the tongue during snoring).

Only a doctor has the right to prescribe a medicine to a patient, so there is no need to self-medicate and use Eufilin in tablets to treat diseases of the lung cavity.

The contraindications of the drug include:

• high sensitivity to the components of the drug and xanthine derivatives (caffeine, theobromine);
• gastritis associated with hyperacidity stomach;
• tachyarrhythmia;
• stroke (hemorrhagic);
• the appearance of hemorrhage in the retina;
• the patient's age is less than 3 years;
• epilepsy;
• chronic pathologies of the gastrointestinal tract and duodenum.

These diseases when taking Eufilin can cause serious harm human health, so taking the drug in their presence is strictly prohibited. With the development of these pathologies, the doctor will replace the drug with analogues, or prescribe a different therapeutic composition.

Take Eufillin tablets with caution in case of severe coronary insufficiency, the development of vascular atherosclerosis, the occurrence ventricular extrasystole, the appearance of convulsions, the presence of pathologies of the kidneys or liver, with peptic ulcers and pathologies of the gastrointestinal tract. It is also necessary to limit the intake of pills to pregnant women, children, the elderly and women during breastfeeding. In other cases, the drug will fast action on the body, while in a short time saving the patient from unpleasant symptoms diseases.

Dosage and overdose of the drug

Before you start treatment with Eufillin, you should carefully read the instructions for using the drug, so as not to confuse the dose and thereby not harm the body.

Adults should take about 150 mg of the drug 3 times a day (by mouth). It is advisable to take the tablets after meals. Children are recommended to take 10 mg per kilogram of weight 4 times a day, evenly distributing them for 24 hours. The course of treatment with the drug depends on the patient's condition and the type of disease - on average, it lasts from 3-5 days to 5 months. If the patient does not tolerate the drug well, this period is doubled.

If the patient needs higher doses Euphyllin, adults should take 0.5 grams at a time, children - 7 mg.

Overdose symptoms are:

• loss of appetite or its complete absence;
• nausea flowing into vomiting;
• tachypnea;
• skin hyperemia;
• tachycardia;
• GI bleeding;
• diarrhea;
• insomnia;
• anxiety and overexcitability CNS;
• the appearance of seizures;
• photophobia.

In severe and hazardous poisoning (especially in children and the elderly), epileptoid seizures, hypokalemia, a sharp decrease in blood pressure, hypoxia, renal failure, skeletal muscle necrosis, impaired consciousness are observed.

Treatment in this case is carried out in the hospital in several ways: washing the intestines and stomach, taking activated carbon the use of laxatives, symptomatic therapy. To eliminate the seizure, Diazepam is taken at a dose that depends on the weight of the patient.

At constant nausea and vomiting, the patient is prescribed oxygen therapy.

Special instructions when taking Eufilin

Eufillin tablets consist of the main component of eufillin (150 mg), potato starch and calcium stearate. This composition provides fast treatment respiratory tract, however, it must be taken strictly according to indications and in correct dosage. Caution should be taken when taking tablets during pregnancy and in old age. The fact is that in older people the sensitivity of blood plasma increases, so the medicinal composition should be used for treatment at a minimum dosage.

The use of tablets during gestation leads to the creation of dangerous concentrations of caffeine and theophylline in the child's body. If the mother needs treatment with such a drug, she should be under the constant supervision of a doctor and monitor the appearance of symptoms of intoxication of the body. Important: taking an increased dose of the drug during pregnancy and lactation is only for emergency indications of a specialist.

It is also worthwhile to carefully treat with constant intake of coffee and caffeinated drinks, the development of pathologies of the liver and kidneys, as well as in the presence of diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. During the period of taking the drug, you should stop driving vehicles and performing other types of activities hazardous to health that require a person to increased concentration, attention and psychomotor reactions.

During treatment, it is worth protecting yourself from taking a certain set of products:

• coffee;
• strong tea with additives;
• cocoa;
• chocolate;
• mate.

These food products contain xatin derivatives, which will suppress the effect of the drug.

Drug compatibility with other drugs

• mineralocorticosteroids;
• funds general anesthesia organism;
• glucocorticosteroids;
• CNS stimulants;
• beta adrenostimulants.

Treatment with antidiarrheals is not recommended. therapeutic agents, which reduce the level of absorption of amineglutethimide. When taking Eufillin, along with antibiotics that are part of the group of macrolides or allopurinols, they lead to intensive production of aminophylline, which will require a decrease in the dose of Euphyllin, otherwise a number of serious changes will occur in the human body.

Important: people who smoke during the reception medicinal composition accelerate the metabolism of the main substances of Eufillin, which leads to a decrease in its effect and "work" in the body. In this case, the patient needs to increase the dose of the drug used as a treatment so that the tablets help to overcome the disease in a short time.

It is forbidden to take this drug along with other xanthine drugs, but the treatment of respiratory pathologies along with the use of antispasmodics is allowed, since there will be no side effects for the body in this case.

Properly following the instructions and following the doctor's recommendations will quickly cure any respiratory disease. The main thing is not to self-medicate and not to combine treatment with folk recipes, the use of which can only aggravate the situation.

Pulmonology

Name

Solution for intravenous administration 24 mg/ml

Pharmacotherapeutic group

Bronchodilator

Tradename

Eufillin

International non-proprietary name

Aminophylline.

Dosage form

Solution for intravenous administration

Compound

per 1 ml: Active substance: eufillin (aminophylline) (in terms of dry matter) - 24 mg. Excipient: water for injections.

ATX code

Pharmacological properties

Pharmacodynamics

The drug inhibits phosphodiesterase, increases the accumulation of cAMP in tissues, blocks adenosine (purine) receptors; has the ability to inhibit the transport of calcium ions through channels cell membranes, reduces the contractile activity of smooth muscles. Relaxes the muscles of the bronchi, relieves bronchospasm. It has a moderate inotropic and diuretic effect. Eufillin lowers vascular resistance, reduces the tone of blood vessels (mainly the vessels of the brain, skin and kidneys), expands coronary vessels, lowers the pressure in the system pulmonary artery, improves diaphragm contraction, increases mucociliary clearance, inhibits the release of mediators (histamine and leukotrienes) from mast cells, stimulates the respiratory center, enhances adrenaline release by the adrenal glands, inhibits platelet aggregation, improves microcirculation.

Pharmacokinetics

60% of eufillin (in healthy adults) and 36% (in newborns) binds to plasma proteins and is distributed in the blood, extracellular fluid and muscle tissue. Eufillin penetrates the placental and blood-brain barriers, does not accumulate in adipose tissue. 90% of the drug is metabolized in the liver. Metabolites are excreted by the kidneys, 7-13% of the drug is excreted unchanged. The elimination half-life is 5 to 10 hours in non-smoking adults and 2.5 to 5 hours in children older than 10 months. Smoking and alcohol significantly affect the metabolism and excretion of the drug, in particular in smokers this period is significantly reduced and ranges from 4 to 5 hours. Elimination of the drug is prolonged in patients with respiratory failure, with liver and heart failure, with viral infections and hyperthermia.

Indications for use

Broncho-obstructive syndrome in bronchial asthma, bronchitis, pulmonary emphysema, cardiac asthma (mainly for relief of attacks); hypertension in the pulmonary circulation. Violation of cerebral circulation by ischemic type (as part of combination therapy to reduce intracranial pressure). Left ventricular failure with bronchospasm and respiratory failure of the Cheyne-Stokes type (as part of complex therapy).

Contraindications

Hypersensitivity to the drug, as well as to other xanthine derivatives: caffeine, pentoxifylline, theobromine. Expressed arterial hypotension or hypertension, paroxysmal tachycardia, extrasystole, myocardial infarction with cardiac arrhythmias, epilepsy, increased convulsive readiness, hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy, thyrotoxicosis, pulmonary edema, severe coronary insufficiency, liver and / or kidney failure, hemorrhagic stroke, retinal hemorrhage, recent history of bleeding, lactation. With caution: pregnancy, neonatal period, age over 55 years and uncontrolled hypothyroidism (possibility of cumulation), widespread vascular atherosclerosis, sepsis, prolonged hyperthermia, gastroesophageal reflux, peptic ulcer of the stomach and duodenum (history), prostate adenoma. The drug is not recommended for intravenous administration in children under 14 years of age (due to possible side effects).

Application during pregnancy

If it is necessary to prescribe the drug during pregnancy, the expected benefit to the mother and potential risk for the fetus. If necessary, the use of the drug during the period during lactation, breastfeeding should be discontinued.

Dosage and administration

Adults are injected slowly (within 4-6 minutes) into a vein in 5-10 ml of the drug (0.12-0.24 g), which is previously diluted in 10-20 ml isotonic solution sodium chloride. When palpitations, dizziness, nausea appear, the rate of administration is slowed down or switched to drip administration, for which 10-20 ml of the drug (0.24-0.48 g) is diluted in 100-150 ml of isotonic sodium chloride solution; administered at a rate of 30-50 drops per minute. Before parenteral administration the solution must be heated to body temperature. Eufillin is administered parenterally up to 3 times a day, no more than 14 days. The highest doses of aminophylline for adults in a vein: single - 0.25 g, daily - 0.5 g. The drug is not recommended for children under 14 years of age due to side effects. However, if necessary, children are given intravenous aminophylline at the rate of a single dose of 2-3 mg/kg, preferably by drip. Higher doses for children intravenously: single - 3 mg / kg, daily - under the age of 3 months - 0.03-0.06 g, from 4 to 12 months - 0.06-0.09 g, from 2 to 3 years - 0.09-0.12 g, from 4 to 7 years - 0.12-0.24 mg, from 8 to 18 years - 0.25-0.5 g.

Side effect

From the gastrointestinal tract: gastroesophageal reflux (heartburn), exacerbation of peptic ulcer. From the side of the central nervous system: headache, anxiety, anxiety, irritability, dizziness, insomnia, tremor; rarely - convulsions, nausea, vomiting. From the side of the cardiovascular system: palpitations, tachycardia, cardialgia, cardiac arrhythmias, an increase in the frequency of angina attacks, a decrease in blood pressure up to collapse - with rapid intravenous administration. Allergic reactions: skin rash, skin itching, exfoliative dermatitis, febrile reaction. Local reactions: at the injection site - hyperemia, soreness, induration. Other: chest pain, tachypnea, albuminuria, hematuria, hypoglycemia, sweating, flushing, increased diuresis.

Overdose

In case of overdose, hyperemia of the skin of the face, insomnia, motor agitation, anxiety, photophobia, anorexia, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, pain in epigastric region, gastrointestinal bleeding, tachycardia, ventricular arrhythmias, tremor, generalized convulsions, hyperventilation, a sharp decrease in blood pressure. In severe poisoning, epileptoid seizures can develop (especially in children without any precursors), hypoxia, metabolic acidosis, hyperglycemia, hypokalemia, skeletal muscle necrosis, confusion, renal failure with myoglobinuria. Overdose treatment depends on clinical picture, includes the abolition of the drug, stimulation of its excretion from the body (forced diuresis, hemosorption, plasmasorption, hemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis) and the appointment symptomatic remedies. Diazepam (by injection) is used to stop seizures. Barbiturates should not be used. With severe intoxication (eufillin content more than 50 g / l), hemodialysis is recommended.

Use with other drugs

Ephedrine, beta-agonists, caffeine and furosemide enhance the effect of the drug. Increases the likelihood of side effects of glucocorticosteroids, mineralocorticosteroids (hypernatremia), general anesthesia (increases the risk of ventricular arrhythmias). In combination with phenobarbital, phenytoin, rifampicin, isoniazid, carbamazepine or sulfinpyrazone, a decrease in the effectiveness of aminophylline is observed, which may require an increase in the doses of the drug used. Aminoglutethimide, moratsizin, being inducers of microsomal oxidation, increase the clearance of aminophylline, which may require an increase in its dose. The clearance of the drug is reduced when administered in combination with macrolide antibiotics, lincomycin, allopurinol, cimetidine, isoprenaline, beta-blockers, which may require a dose reduction. Oral estrogen-containing contraceptives, antidiarrheals, intestinal sorbents weaken, and H2-histamine blockers, blockers of slow calcium channels, meksiletin enhance the action (bind to the cytochrome P450 enzymatic system and change the metabolism of aminophylline). In the case of use in combination with enoxacin and other fluoroquinolines, small doses of ethanol, disulfiram, recombinant interferon alpha, methotrexate, propafenone, thiabendazole, ticlopidine, verapamil, and with influenza vaccination, the intensity of the effect of eufillin may increase, which may require a reduction in its dose. The drug inhibits the therapeutic effects of lithium carbonate and beta-blockers. The appointment of beta-blockers interferes with the bronchodilating effect of eufillin and can cause bronchospasm. Eufillin potentiates the action of diuretics by increasing glomerular filtration and reduce tubular reabsorption. With caution, aminophylline is prescribed simultaneously with anticoagulants, with other derivatives of theophylline or purine. It is not recommended to use aminophylline with agents that excite the central nervous system (increases neurotoxicity). The drug can not be used with dextrose solutions, it is not compatible with a solution of glucose, fructose and levulose. The pH of the solutions to be mixed should be taken into account: pharmaceutically incompatible with acid solutions.