How to stop hiccups in adults. Causes of physiological hiccups. Medications for excessive excitability of the National Assembly

“Hiccups, hiccups, switch to Fedot!” the children say, and it helps! But in adults, stopping hiccups is not so easy. The vast majority of people wait until hiccups will pass by itself and / or take ineffective ways to get rid of hiccups (drink water, bend over, jump on the spot, etc.). As a rule, none of these popular tricks stops hiccups, but rather helps pass the time. Although you can stop hiccups if you know what causes hiccups in a particular case. Knowing the causes of hiccups will help find suitable way to quickly stop hiccups in an adult and/or a child.

The mistake of many is that they are trying to treat hiccups, when you need to look for and eliminate the cause of hiccups, which is just a symptom of some kind of disorder in the body. Most often this violation is not serious, but there are also dangerous pathologies manifested by hiccups. To make a diagnosis, you need to pay attention: in what circumstances and why hiccups begin, how often a person hiccups and how long this condition lasts. Only careful observation and adequate measures and not just stop hiccups, but avoid its recurrence, especially when it is completely inappropriate.

What is a hiccup? Why does hiccups start?
Purely physiologically, hiccups are involuntary rhythmic contractions of the intercostal muscles and diaphragm. At the same time with muscle spasms closes the gap between vocal cords- hence the characteristic sound of hiccups. Essentially, hiccups happen like this: smooth muscle decreases sharply, provoking a convulsive breath, but at the same time, the larynx blocks the air flow and for a moment artificial suffocation occurs. From here discomfort and even the pain of severe hiccups is understandable. I would also like to understand why these muscle contractions occur. And here it is already more difficult to explain hiccups - you have to delve into possible reasons hiccups, including such different circumstances as cold, overeating, illness and even fear:

• Overeating is one of the most common causes of hiccups. Muscle contractions in the abdominal region occur when the stomach is full and overstretched.
  
• Irritation of the "vagus" nerve - peculiarly formulated, but also very common cause hiccups. The reasons why the phrenic nerve suddenly begins to transmit excitation to the muscles are not yet fully understood, but it is known that prolonged hiccups “for no reason” occur in this case.
  
• fear accompanied by sharp breath, also pinches the phrenic nerve and provokes hiccups. Similar state may come from being in an uncomfortable position when the trunk is compressed and / or transferred.
  
• Alcohol intoxication, hypothermia, rapid ingestion of unchewed food, hysterical laughter or coughing- rarer, but probable causes hiccups that occur situationally.
  
• Internal pathologies and injuries can be manifested by hiccups, especially diseases nervous system, metabolism, digestive tract.
  

How to quickly stop hiccups in an adult?
If the cause of hiccups is not dangerous to health, you can manage on your own and stop hiccups on your own or with the assistance of household members. Here are the simplest available methods stopping hiccups:

1. Drink some water. The essence of the method is to irritate the diaphragm, so you need to drink cold water in small sips. The temperature drop and swallowing movements are triggered. Only you need to drink slowly, not less than 15-20 seconds.
   
2. Hold your breath. The wedge is knocked out with a wedge, and the contractions of the diaphragm are deliberate pressure on it. So dial full chest air and do not exhale as long as you can. It is advisable to inhale not with the chest, but with the stomach - as yogis do.
   
3. Breathe into the bag. Only not in a plastic bag - "T-shirt", but a paper bag, like those that are given out on airplanes and / or bakeries. Try to inflate the bag first, like an air bubble, and then draw all the air out of it into yourself.
   
4. Sugar or butter. Put a teaspoon of granulated sugar under the tongue and slowly dissolve until completely dissolved. During this process, strong salivation that affect the functioning of the esophagus, the sensitivity of the diaphragm and swallowing. If you do not eat sweets, use natural butter- the effect will be similar.
   
5. Gargle plain water or herbal decoction - the main thing is that convulsive breaths stop during rinsing, and breathing returns to normal. At the same time, the lungs will be filled with air, and the blood with oxygen, which also contributes to the return of balance.
   

Effective Methods for Stopping Hiccups in Adults
Prolonged hiccups (for several hours or more) is a reason to see a doctor and undergo an examination, because it may indicate the development of a tumor or a pinched spine. This must be understood and not ignored by prolonged hiccups, either in oneself, or even more so in loved ones. How else can you stop hiccups for an adult at home? Follow these steps before your doctor arrives or while you wait:
If possible, offer a hiccuping person to take horizontal position so that the diaphragm is higher than the larynx. This can be achieved by lying on your back with your head hanging over the edge of the bed. In this position, you can not stay for a long time to avoid a rush of blood to the head.

Alternative ways to get rid of hiccups
Traditional medicine could not stay away from such an expressive phenomenon as hiccups. Therefore, there are a large number of household recipes for stopping hiccups, which are recommended to be followed only with big share caution. These methods are only suitable for adults:

• Stick your tongue out as far as you can and grasp it with your fingers. Hold yourself (or the other person) by the tongue for as long as possible. According to legend, this is how he treated hiccups ex-president USA John Kennedy.
  
• Push on eyeballs fingertips. Before this, you need to close your eyes and try not to damage the sensitive organs of vision.
  
• Bet money with a hiccupping person that he won't hiccup properly within the next minute. For credibility, put a security deposit in front of him. In 99% of cases, the victim of hiccups stops hiccuping from amazement.
  
• Ignore the hiccups. One of two things: either the hiccups will “take offense” and stop, or you will continue to hiccup, but do not bother about it. This is exactly what a man did, hiccupping for 68 years in a row, during this time leading a full life.
  

Hiccups - dysfunction external respiration, developing due to convulsive jerky contractions of the diaphragm. There is no definite answer to the question why people hiccup. This condition can lead to both normal hypothermia of the body, and various diseases.

Why does a person hiccup

To understand the mechanism of development of hiccups, you need to study how the respiratory system person. The diaphragm is a septum that separates the thoracic and abdominal cavities. It is under the lungs and heart. With its tension, the air flow penetrates into the lungs, with relaxation it is forced out.

The vagus and sympathetic nerves are connected to the diaphragm. When irritated in her nerve endings reflex arc immediately transmits impulses to the brain. The latter sends a response pulse, due to which the diaphragm begins to contract rapidly. As a result, the lungs "draw in" the air suddenly, the glottis narrows. There is a sound characteristic of hiccups.

Interestingly, during intense hiccups, a person hardly breathes, since the glottis remains closed.

Causes of hiccups in adults

Now that it is clear what hiccups are and how they develop, we need to find out what factors provoke their appearance. In the course of research, it was found that the diaphragm contracts very quickly due to:

• hypothermia;
• overdistension of the stomach;
• too fast chewing of food;
• use a large number cold water;
• fright;
• prolonged stay in an uncomfortable position, in which the nerve is clamped;
• nervous strain.

Diagnosis of the causes of hiccups

Short hiccups, which rarely occur, should not worry a person. If given state lasts for several hours, or even days, appears every day, you need to contact a therapist.

To find out the reasons why hiccups occur, the doctor prescribes the patient to undergo special laboratory tests. This allows you to exclude or confirm the presence of diseases, one of the symptoms of which is hiccups.

In addition to blood tests, the patient may be prescribed endoscopic examination. During it, a thin tube, at the end of which a video camera is fixed, is lowered through the throat into the esophagus.

Additionally, they can check the condition of the vagus and phrenic nerves, do an MRI, chest x-ray.

Diseases that cause hiccups

diseases, common feature which is hiccups, is:

• spasm of the diaphragm;
• pneumonia;
• chest tumor;
• hernia food hole diaphragm (G. Bergman's syndrome);
• inflammation of the liver;
• alcoholism.

How to remove prolonged hiccups in an adult

Features of the treatment of hiccups depend on the causes, causing violation functions of external respiration. If intense contractions of the diaphragm are a consequence of the underlying disease, then the latter is treated. If hiccups are not associated with the presence in the body pathological processes, and you want to get rid of it as quickly as possible, you can use the following recommendations:

• swallow finely crushed pieces of ice;
• drink a glass of cold sugared water;
• dissolve a slice of lemon;
• chew slowly Rye bread;
• inflate a paper bag;
• massage upper sky;
• pull the tip of the tongue down;
• hold your breath for 10 seconds, and then drink a glass of water in one gulp.

All these methods are based on the observations of people. Some of them help, some of them don't. It is important to remember one thing - if the hiccups are repeated every day or do not stop for several days, you should immediately go to the therapist.

Hiccups are a violation of the external respiratory function resulting from contractions of the diaphragm. It manifests itself as subjectively intense and short respiratory movements.

Often hiccups occur for no reason at all. healthy people. What should be done when this phenomenon occurs?

Why does it occur

Before proceeding to the methods of getting rid of this problem, it is necessary to understand the causes of its occurrence.

1. Hiccups can appear after a person has been in the cold for a long time.
2. The reason for its appearance may be alcohol intoxication.
3. Hiccups often appear after overeating. This is due to the contraction of the muscles of the esophagus. When food stagnates in the esophagus, spasms occur. Thus, a violation of swallowing provokes hiccups.
4. It occurs when the phrenic nerve is irritated. Hiccups may accompany nervous tick. During nervousness, a person's phrenic nerve transmits excitation to his diaphragmatic muscles, resulting in respiratory spasm.
5. Also, the causes of its appearance can be various diseases, for example, a tumor in the esophagus or kidney failure.
6. Hiccups often occur after long-term use painkillers.

However, it is possible to explain the occurrence of this problem by the above reasons only in cases where hiccups are an infrequent phenomenon.

If it appears systematically for long period time, then, most likely, the person is sick with something.

Respiratory spasms leading to hiccups are often caused by the patient's postoperative condition.

Many people who have undergone surgery on the stomach and spine complain of frequent respiratory spasms. AT this case hiccups can last for several hours.

The most common cause of its occurrence is psycho-emotional stress. If a person is frightened or agitated for some reason, he may begin to hiccup.

What needs to be done to make it pass? In this case, the respiratory spasm is unconscious, so it will pass only after the person is in a state of psychological balance.

Also, this problem occurs when there are violations of the central nervous system. Breathing reflex can fail if the central nervous system has been damaged. For example, this occurs with injuries, infections or tumors.

Chronic respiratory disorders- the result of diseases such as:

• Encephalitis.
• Stroke.
• Meningitis.
• Traumatic brain injury.
• Multiple sclerosis, etc.

Also, if this problem often worries those who are undergoing chemotherapy. This is explained by the systematic intake of patients with cancer, drugs.

Hiccups and food

Very often this annoying problem is associated with eating. It occurs suddenly both with overeating and undereating.

If a person is used to eating quickly, and even in dry food, then regular hiccups are guaranteed to him. This is due to irritation and contraction of the diaphragm.

In most cases, it appears after eating dry foods, such as bread or bagels.

How does respiratory spasm appear when overeating? The thing is that when the stomach is full, it touches the diaphragm. And this leads to its irritation, resulting in a spasm.

Therefore, in order to prevent its occurrence, it is recommended to finish eating after a person has a feeling of fullness.

Overeating is not only fraught with hiccups, it also has a number of negative health consequences.

What to do if it does not pass for a long time

If the hiccups have not gone away within an hour, it is worth thinking about internal reasons its appearance, i.e., about diseases.

People who complain about frequent occurrence respiratory spasms, should consult a doctor. The specialist will help determine the reason why they occur, and prescribe treatment.

However, to date, reliable treatment no hiccups. Therefore, if it is not caused by any disease, it is worth using people's councils helping to solve the problem of respiratory function.

When should you go to the hospital for hiccups?

1. If it does not pass more than 1 hour.
2. Hiccups occur regularly. For example, 2 or more times a day or several times a week.
3. In addition to this problem, a person experiences discomfort due to symptoms such as heartburn, difficulty swallowing, or chest pain.

Ways to help eliminate hiccups

Hiccups are a problem that can be dealt with quickly and easily. Just use the tips below. So, you can do the following:

• To make it pass, you need to eat a spoonful of sugar. It is important that the sugar lingers on the tip of the tongue.
• Put your fingers in your ears and hold your breath.
• The throat should be rinsed with water for 1 minute. If the hiccups do not go away for a long time, you need to take more water into your mouth.
• To distract the nervous system, you need to breathe into the bag. You can use any bag for this purpose, for example, paper. However, you should not breathe into it for too long, as this is fraught with fainting.
• Chewing something sticky, like eating a spoonful of peanut butter, helps get rid of hiccups.
• Hiccups will quickly stop if you eat a spoonful of cocoa.
• You can drink a teaspoon of vinegar, but it's not easy. Lemon juice will give the same effect.
• You need to grab the door jamb with your hand, and then jerk forward sharply.
• Eliminate spasm by drinking water quickly. Drink plenty of water in large sips.
• Fright will help get rid of this problem. Its effectiveness is explained by the psychological distraction of a person to an external stimulus.
• Hiccups can be cured with a long kiss.

This is the most simple tips with which you need to start the fight against respiratory spasms. But it also happens that none of the above helps? What should be done in such a case? Other methods should be used.

Folk methods of dealing with hiccups

• Hiccups can disappear if a person applies a reflex method of getting rid of it. For example, he can mimic the process of gagging by placing his finger on his tongue. Thus, the respiratory spasm is removed fairly quickly.
• You can also prepare a sweet beer medicine. To do this, dissolve 2 tablespoons of sugar in a glass of beer. Stir the contents of the glass well so that the granulated sugar is completely dissolved. The medicine must be knocked out in one gulp.
• You should take the tip of the tongue with two fingers and pull it back and forth and up and down.
• Very efficient folk method getting rid of hiccups is a sport. Respiratory contractions perfectly relieve spasm. Therefore, it is recommended to perform physical exercises, for example, you can start downloading the press. After a few approaches, the hiccups will pass.
• Hands must be clasped behind the back in the castle. The chest should move forward. Now you should drink cold water in large sips.

If some method did not bring positive result it's worth trying another way.

Useful video

Get rid of hiccups fast extremely simple. Hiccup attacks happen to everyone and everyone has their own recipes for getting rid of hiccups. The easiest way to get rid of hiccups- drink half a glass of regular milk. This method helps to instantly get rid of even strong and prolonged hiccups.

Milk should be of normal fat content (3% is enough), not powdered and not skimmed. Dairy products for getting rid of hiccups are usually not suitable, although you can experiment. Sometimes a spoonful of condensed milk diluted in half a glass of water helps, but only natural, not from milk powder and without vegetable oils(for example, Alekseevskaya).

hiccup- an involuntary physiological reaction of the body, manifested in a series of convulsive jerky contractions of the diaphragm, accompanied by subjectively unpleasant short and intense respiratory movements that cause severe discomfort.

Hiccups are caused by involuntary synchronous myoclonic contractions of the diaphragm and intercostal muscles that mimic forced inspiration but sudden closure respiratory tract epiglottis blocks the air flow and causes a characteristic sound.

FROM medical point vision hiccups - a reflex designed to remove air from the stomach. Upon reaching this goal (by displacing air with water or belching), the reflex stops. This statement does not apply to cases of the so-called. pathological hiccups when the reflex is caused by some internal stimulus of a pathological nature (inflammation, tumor, etc.) [Big medical encyclopedia].

Folk ways to get rid of hiccups

• Just breathe often for a while.
• A little weird, but very effective method- take a small bag and tightly close your nose and mouth with it (as with vomiting), leaving a volume for inhalation-exhalation of 200-300 ml, keep it so that air does not pass from the outside. Breathe in this way until you feel a lack of air. Usually once is enough.
• Consistently hold your breath three times.
• Option: hold your breath on the exhale before the spasm, then you can breathe in shallowly, and hold it again before the spasm. 2-3 times is enough.
• Drop 20 drops of valocordin, corvalol or something similar into a teaspoon, drink and drink with a glass warm water.
• Several small continuous sips of water. In this case, water must be swallowed and not breathed.
• Bend your body forward as much as possible, close your hands behind your back and then with the help of another person who will hold a glass, drink water in small sips.
• Ingestion of one teaspoon of ordinary granulated sugar in dry form, without drinking water, quickly, as a rule, stops hiccups.
• Attach cold compress or pieces of ice to the throat.
• Make the most deep breath and, without exhaling, perform actions similar to inhalation.
• Raise your arms above your head and take deep breaths in and out
• Warm up (if the cause is hypothermia): put on dry warm clothes, drink a hot soft drink, etc.
• Hiccups - spasm of the diaphragm. If you straighten the diaphragm as much as possible, then the hiccups disappear (It is usually enough to inhale the maximum amount of air while standing, then sit down and lean forward, wait about a minute (usually a spasm comes every 20-30 seconds). If the hiccups are felt even with a deep breath, then the breath was not enough complete.
• Focus on something, such as doing simple physical exercises, etc.
• Helps to lie on one side and lie down for a while
• Spread your arms to the sides, cross your fingers, straighten your back, expose your chest with a “wheel” and breathe through your nose. Especially effective after a couple of sips of water.
• Lying on your back, raise your hands up. Take left hand right at the wrist and make springy movements up and down with a small amplitude so that the vibration passes to chest. Do it a short time and the hiccups will pass.
• Fold your little finger and thumb pads facing each other on both hands.
• "Ballerina's Throat". In the event of hiccups, the ballerina jumps behind the curtain for a second, puts both hands behind her back, leans forward, lifts her chin and takes ONE sip of water. All. The presentation continues.
• Repeatedly tested on people, the method does not require water, exercise and other things. Sitting on a chair (office chair, etc.), lean back and stretch your arms as high as possible and slightly back (about 15 degrees from the vertical), as much as you can, for 10-15 seconds. In most cases, hiccups go away instantly.
• Spread the root of the tongue with mustard.
• In folklore, the saying "Hiccups, hiccups, go to Fedot, from Fedot to Yakov, from Yakov to everyone" is in circulation.

Medicinal ways to get rid of hiccups

You can take a myotropic antispasmodic based on drotaverine (No-shpa, Spazmonet, etc.). The tablet should be chewed thoroughly when taken.

Causes of hiccups

Hiccups can occur with general hypothermia (especially in children early age), distension of the stomach during overeating (overfilling it with food), as well as irritation of the phrenic nerve.

Prolonged debilitating hiccups can be caused by CNS lesions, in particular encephalitis, metabolic disorders (with diabetic, uremic or hepatic coma), intoxications (alcohol, barbiturates, muscle relaxants, benzodiazepines), stroke, traumatic brain injury, arteriovenous malformations. Hiccups can be a formidable sign of a growing intracranial hypertension or volumetric formation of the back cranial fossa.

The causes of hiccups can also be compression of the CIV root by a hernia. intervertebral disc, neck tumors, mediastinal tumor, lymphogranulomatosis or sarcoidosis, tumor of the esophagus or lungs, esophageal diverticulum, reflux esophagitis, laryngobronchitis, mediastinitis, myocardial infarction, organ diseases abdominal cavity(gastritis, peptic ulcer stomach and duodenum, intestinal obstruction, subphrenic abscess, pancreatitis, diseases of the biliary system, tumors of the stomach, pancreas, liver), glaucoma. In young women, hiccups are sometimes psychogenic in nature.

the only true and right method there is no fight against hiccups: a drunk glass of water helps someone, someone - holding their breath. Some recommend scaring a hiccup, which is actually a very controversial remedy.

Usually, hiccups go away on their own as suddenly as they started, but anything can happen.

Charles Osborne (born 1894), Anton, Iowa, USA began to hiccup in 1922. The attack of hiccups began at the moment when he was slaughtering a pig. The attack of hiccups continued for the next 68 years until 1990. The hiccups did not succumb to treatment, but this did not prevent Osborne from leading a lifestyle familiar to all people, he got married and had children. The average frequency of hiccups at the beginning of the attack was 40 times per minute, then decreased to 20-25 times.

According to materials: http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0

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Hiccups are called reflex contraction of the diaphragm, which occurs as a result of a number of reasons, both internal and external. Its mechanism is simple: the diaphragm and small muscles of the intercostal space expand, as if taking a deep breath, but the larynx immediately spasms, so the air does not pass. To understand how to remove hiccups, you need to understand the features of this phenomenon.

What is hiccups for?

Since hiccups are an innate reflex, you should figure out why the body needs it. According to one theory, the body releases the vagus nervus from irritation with the help of hiccups. The vagus nerve plays an important role in the life of many internal organs. Without his participation, it is impossible to imagine the function of the heart muscle, respiratory and digestive organs.

According to the second theory, hiccups are necessary for the survival of the embryo. It helps fluid pass through the lungs during prenatal development. Since after the birth of a person such a reflex remains unclaimed, it fades over time, but sometimes it manifests itself again due to some factors. Let us examine in more detail why hiccups occur, the causes and treatment of this phenomenon.

Provoking factors

Most of the reasons why hiccups develop are provoked by its short attacks, which easily pass on their own or with the help of simple means and ways. The main factors include:

There are also diseases associated with serious abnormalities that can trigger hiccups. When a symptom persists for two and more than a day, this indicates a pathology and requires the intervention of a specialist. In this case, getting rid of hiccups at home becomes quite problematic. Among the ailments that accompanies hiccups, we can distinguish:

1. Violation of the digestive tract. This is inflammation of the esophagus, stomach, peptic ulcer, pancreatitis. All these organs can affect the phrenic and vagal nerves and cause their irritation in pathological conditions.
2. Pathologies of the respiratory system in the form of inflammation of the lungs or bronchi, pleura or larynx lead to the excitation of small nerve endings located in the neighborhood.
3. Nervous system disorders (inflammation meninges, impaired blood supply to the brain, damage to the myelin sheaths of nerves) lead to the appearance of many abnormalities, one of which is hiccups.
4. The same symptom may accompany pathological changes in the cardiovascular area (heart attack, aneurysm). Patients who have IVR often suffer from hiccups.
5. Severe intoxication with oncological diseases, condition after chemotherapy, taking certain medications, drugs for general anesthesia leads to nervous excitement and hiccups.

What can be done

There are a number of ways to get rid of hiccups. Consider the most popular:

Treatment with drugs

For persistent hiccups associated with certain species pathological conditions the doctor may recommend treatment medications. When the nervous system is overexcited, the use of neuroleptics is recommended, sometimes muscle relaxants help, they relax the diaphragm. If the cause is gastrointestinal diseases, then the condition is facilitated by drugs that accelerate motility and histamine receptor blockers.

Inhalation carbon dioxide practiced to stop hiccups in an outpatient or hospital setting, the procedure is used to irritate small endings vagus nerve by inserting a catheter through the nose. Last Method brings a lot of discomfort to a person, but gives a quick result.

In order to cure hiccups, you usually do not have to make excessive efforts. You just need to try a few methods and the problem is solved pretty quickly. But in the case when the hiccups do not stop, you should consult a specialist and find out the cause.