Japanese Medicine Traditional - Triquetra Health Technologies. Modern Japanese medicine

Distinctive feature medicine of ancient Japan had a close relationship with legends and myths and popular beginning, as well as . Preserved a large number of texts describing diseases and methods of their treatment. By the Heian period, medicine had reached a significant development and included a large number of unique methods of research and therapy, some of which have survived to this day.

The rise of medicine in ancient Japan

Medicine in ancient Japan was more like magic. She absorbed a large amount of folk knowledge, legends and rituals.

According to legend, in the mythological part of the Nihon Shoki, it is described how two deities - Suku-na-hikona-no mikoto and Oho-ana-muti-no mikoto, having combined their powers, determined the methods of treating various diseases for people. They are also credited with the creation of rituals and divination that protect against various disasters.

Concepts of the disease and methods of treatment

The main cause of most diseases was considered to be the action of evil spirits or demons. Therefore, the most common method of their treatment was various rituals to exorcise demons. They actively used amulets and figurines of animals and deities-protectors from ailments.

Surviving medical scrolls mention other therapies. So, in the oldest of them - "Kojiki" - more than 40 varieties are described. medicinal plants, animals and minerals that possessed healing properties. Cobwebs were used to stop bleeding, wasabi horseradish as an antiseptic, burnt clams and ashes of hamaguri shells for burns, pollen from a number of plants for purulent wounds, juice of some herbs for wounds and abrasions, hot springs for fever.

Penetration of Chinese, Korean and Buddhist medicine in ancient Japan

According to the Nihon Shoki and a number of other writings, the Eastern Jin arrived in Japan in the 5th century, as well as Koguryeo and Silla from Korean. Later doctors began to arrive from other places.

In the 6th century, Chinese writings on the "internal" and "external" medical canons were brought, as well as the treatise "Ming tang tu", containing diagrams of cauterization sites. A court medical service was created, which conducted special rituals aimed at expelling diseases. The rites of exile were held on the grounds of the palace in certain days month. Similar rituals were also performed in temples.

Immediately after the Chinese and Korean, during the Asuka period, and spread to Japan. Since then, all of it can be divided into three components: folk methods, which include magical rituals and drug therapy, methods of Chinese doctors and Buddhist medicine.

Since the Nara period, medical students began to study the canons of Chinese medicine in detail. The first Japanese writings about diseases and their treatment began to appear at the beginning of the Heian period. The first was the "Great Foundation of the Medicinal Canon" ("Yakkei taiso"), written by Wake Hiroyo, then Izumo Hirosada and Abe Manao compiled 100 scrolls of the "Classification of the methods of treatment of the Daido period" ("Daido ruiju ho") and other works. During this period, medicine began to rightfully be considered a science, which included research, methods of therapy and prevention.

Japanese traditional medicine - Japanese traditional medicine

All types of therapy - medicines, massages, acupuncture, balneotherapy and others - are considered by Japanese medicine as external factors medical process. The decisive success factor in the treatment of the disease is the person himself, and not the means that are used.

In Japan, it is believed that the will and spiritual mood of a person are closely related to the normal functioning of the body and the occurrence of a disease. Japanese doctors believed that both acute and chronic mental stimulation of yin and yang can unbalance a person, lead to an imbalance between qi energy and blood, cause voids in defensive forces organism, which contributes to the penetration of an external pathogenic principle into it.

Japanese traditional systems health promotion is effective not only in terms of general health body, but also give a powerful effect in the form of strengthening physical strength, raise pain threshold, resistance to external influences (including cutting objects), which makes them attractive to representatives of martial arts.
So, one of the creators of this kind of “hardening hara” systems, Hida Harumichi, with his bare foot, pressed wooden decks of Japanese cryptomeria with a diameter of about 15 cm into the wood chips, with a slight movement he overturned the strongest judo wrestlers, he pressed through the wooden floor so that a hole in the form of a foot remained.
Hida Harumiti - The creator of another system of "hardening the body and spirit" (Ema shiki shinshin tanrempo) of the Taisho era (1912–1926) Ema Shun'ichi, calmly poured boiling water on his hands, stood with his bare feet on the blades of samurai katana, and his students withstood powerful blows into the solar plexus.

The main component of hara training is belly breathing or, in other words, "abdominal/abdominal" breathing.

Abdominal type of breathing is breathing by amplitude raising and lowering the diaphragm, in which the chest remains practically motionless.
What constitutes such an approach can be clearly seen from the book by Kishida Kenzo “The Right Way of Life” (“Honto no Kurashikata”) published in 1932, where, based on the concept rational image lives are described approximate schedule days and optimal life position suitable for the average person. The book highlights two levels of life organization: the first, to which any person can get used to with minimal effort and which includes the mandatory morning exercises, moderation in eating, good digestibility of food, refusal of alcohol and smoking, etc.
The first stage of the second level is the development of the method of breathing with the help of hara. This is how it is described in the first paragraph of "Hara Strength Training" of Kishida Kenzo's book: "Expressions like" hara no aru hito "," hara no heroic man. At the same time, "hara no nai hito", "hara no chicken hito" give us the image of a low and narrow-minded person. [Therefore] Cultivating the power of hara is extremely important for our education.
“A person who has mastered the hara” is, first of all, a brave man who is not afraid of anything and is not surprised by anything. The one who trembles with fear at the slightest provocation has no strength in hara. Secondly, such a person increases the strength of self-control and endurance, and at the slightest trouble or irritation, he does not raise a fuss, because. everything "sinks to the bottom" of the hara. Thirdly, such a person does not feel either heat or cold, but sensations physical pain weaken greatly. If, for example, during a medical operation, “lower the force” to the “bottom” of the hara, then the pain will immediately decrease. Such a person fearlessly stands in front of a drawn sword and can easily make even a kappuka. Fourthly, it becomes possible to easily master the highest secrets of the mastery of various arts, be it kendo, judo, calligraphy, painting, music, singing in the Noh theater, carpentry or blacksmithing - masters of any of the arts - people who have mastered the hara. And fifthly, the art of hara cures all diseases, health increases, which means creative activity, cheerfulness and a good mood come.

Hara breathing is one of the most effective methods healing in Japanese traditional medicine.

The value of the idea of ​​hara as a national treasure of Japan was emphasized by the outstanding figure of Shinto, the representative of the "school of national science" (kokugaku) ​​Hirata Atsutane (1776-1843). Hirata Atsutane wrote many works, but the theory of the tanden point is comprehensively described only in a work on medical art called "Shizu-no iwaya" ("Cave of Silence").

Hirata Atsutane also writes about the secret his father revealed to him, that the spirit of ki must be trained to avoid disease and live long. According to him, his father was weak from childhood and was often sick. However, when his father was 30 years old, a certain old man told him a secret, after which, surprisingly, Hirata Atsutane's father was able to live long life disease-free up to 84 years.

Hirata Atsutane describes this method as his father told him: “Every evening, when you enter the bedroom, before falling asleep, you must do the following.

1. Lie face up on the bed.
2. Next, close both legs and stretch them vigorously, as if pushing something with your heels.
3. Then direct the spirit of ki of the whole body from the navel down to the tanden point, and then fill the whole body with it, up to the back of the waist and legs.
4. Next, bending your fingers, you should count the inhalations-exhalations up to 100.
5. After counting to one hundred, you need to relax and relieve tension.
6. Do all this 4-5 times per evening.
“If this is done, then the whole body will be filled with health

TANDEN or 丹田 (Center Point) is an extremely important center in the human body.

Dantian (Chinese) or Tanden (Japanese) is the basis of the entire human energy system.

In Japan, this point of the Center has special names: "seika no itten" - single point, as well as "seika tanden" - the point of the Center. Right here naturally vital energy is concentrated and from here it spreads throughout the body. All types of oriental martial arts are based on the awareness of Tanden.
The Dan Tian or Tan Den is the reservoir of energy in the body. By storing energy in the dantian, we can access it at any time.
If this is not done, the Chi dissipates and cannot be used. That is why the Dan Tian is called the "Ocean of Qi".
According to the theory of Eastern medicine, when the "Ocean" is full, the energy begins to overflow into eight special "wonderful" meridians.

It coincides with the center of gravity of a person and is located at a point about five centimeters below the navel and deep into.

Where people wear belts to protect and strengthen this place is the Hara line. It surrounds the body just below the navel. Directly below the navel on the Hara line is the center of gravity or center of mass of the body. It is located at a point about five centimeters below the navel and deep into
Since the constitution of people differs from each other, and especially large differences exist in the structure of the body in men and women, its location can only be indicated approximately, it varies from person to person.
It is not as famous as other acupuncture points, but its inconspicuousness only emphasizes its importance.
What is truly significant is never put on display, because only connoisseurs can appreciate the value of this thing.

Why is he so wonderful? This is the point where the mind connects with the body.
In the East, it is also called the seat of the spiritual forces of man.
In general, the word "Tanden" refers to the entire lower part of the pelvic region.
Ki (Qi - Chinese, Prana - Sanskrit) accumulates here.
If you are not sure where the tanden is, the following exercise, which has been widely used in martial arts traditions for centuries, will help you find it.

How to find Tanden- 丹田 :

1 Accept comfortable position standing, feet shoulder width apart.
2 Do some deep breaths.
3 Release all tensions in the body and think of something pleasant.
The mouth is slightly open.
4. Inhale air through the nose, while the tongue touches upper palate.
When exhaling through the mouth, the tongue naturally descends.
Slowly bend your knees, focusing on your lower abdomen.
Take each step very, very slowly.

Suddenly you will become aware of a point in the lower abdomen, two or three fingers below the navel.
This is where your life force resides, the center of your being.
Now move on to the breathing exercise.

Oriental medicine is especially effective for the treatment chronic diseases, senile ailments. In the list of campo recommendations - bronchial asthma, chronic hepatitis, rheumatoid arthritis, hypertension, climacteric disorders, that is, those diseases against which conventional medicine is most often powerless.

Description required vital points in Japanese medicine, which you just need to know by heart, like the multiplication table. Who does not know, let him learn and remember :-)

Dot - (GV.20) Bai-hui (百會, bǎi-huì - hundredfold picker)

- "Hundred meetings", "hundred-fold collector".

Diagnostic point of the posterior median, Miraculous Meridian. This point is located on the head (not on the crown), but corresponds to the parietal fossa on the line connecting the tops of the auricles. Is highest point used to measure a person's height.
Indications for using the BAI-HUI point: Headache, dizziness, impaired cerebral circulation, tinnitus, diseases of the eyes, ear, hemorrhoids, neurasthenia, mental disorders, epilepsy convulsions, parkinsonism, prolapse of the uterus and vagina, night terrors in children.
Massage this point! And listen to your body, where it pricked - there is a mess!

Dot - Wai-guan (TH-5) (外關, wài-guān - outer border)

- "Father of energy", "outer border"

Group LO-point of 3-yang manual Merilian and Point-Key to the Wonderful Meridian YANG-WEI-MAI. If the hand lies palm down, then you need to put three fingers of the other hand so that the little finger is at the edge of the wrist crease and then forefinger will indicate in the recess this important point, which refers to the Meridian of the Three Heaters (three parts of the body, the Meridian of heat generation).
Indications for use of the WAI-GUAN point: The point has an antipyretic effect - the point of lowering the temperature. Other indications: influenza, colds,Qatar respiratory tract, parkinsonism, pain in the fingers, forearm, elbow joint, paresis and contractures of the muscles of the hands, backache in the neck and lower back, toothache, eye diseases, sleep disturbance, general weakness, migraine, poor tolerance to weather changes, hypotension, mumps, tinnitus, deafness. Massage this point!

Dot - Nei-guan (PC-6) (内關, nèi-guān - inner border)

- "Mother of blood", "inner border"

Point LO-point to the Meridian of Three Heaters. Point-Key to the Wonderful Meridian YIN-WEI-MAI. If the hand lies palm up, then we put three fingers of the other hand with the little finger on the edge of the wrist crease and the index finger will indicate this point (located opposite the WAI-GUAN point).
Indications for using the Nei-Guan point: Pain in the heart, Hypertension, tachycardia, angina pectoris, pain in the elbow and shoulder, stomach spasm, collapse after childbirth, conjunctivitis, loss of willpower, shock, unconscious anxiety and fear, manic state , hysteria, bloodshot eyes, sleep disorder.

Dot - Hae-gu (LI-4) (合谷, hé-gǔ - valley connection)

- "Sea of ​​​​life", "deep valley", "closed palm", "connection of bones."

The Colon Meridian point is located on the back of the hand with the thumb attached, on a tubercle at the edge of the fold of its top. Pregnant women should not act on this point! (Miscarriage!). Massage this point! Used in the martial arts of the East.

Indications for use of the HE-GU point: Pain relief point of any localization. BAT t. It is used as a tonic for the purpose of prevention. Asthma, suffocation, collapse, tinnitus, deafness, difficulty in expectorating sputum, colds, nose bleed, toothache, pain in the scapula, leukoma, insomnia, neurasthenia, tonsillitis, night sweats, amenorrhea, pain in the lower back and spine. Point from 100 diseases. Massage this point on the left and right side brushes!

Dot - Zu-san-li (ST-36) (足三裏, zú-sān-lǐ - three spaces on the leg)

- "Nora of spirits", "Three gaps on the leg", "three spheres".

It is the BAP of the Stomach meridian. Massage of this point prolongs a person's life up to 100 years. If in a sitting position, you put your palm (its center) on the kneecap, then ring finger points to that point. Rub, massage this place! You can intensively stab three fingers connected together with your nails.
Indications for use of the point ZU-SAN-LI: Restorative and prophylactic point. General tonic action against 100 diseases. Potentiates healing effect other points. Injuries and diseases knee joint, paralysis lower extremities, acute and chronic gastritis, peptic ulcer stomach, mastitis, eye diseases, dyspepsia, loss of appetite, general exhaustion, flatulence, peritonitis, constipation and diarrhea, atherosclerosis, hypertonic disease, various pains, headache, dizziness, hiccups, insomnia, neurasthenia, fever, shock and collapse. It is a point of First Aid and a point of LONGEVITY. (The topographic anatomy of the point is indicated in books on Eastern reflexology).
Massage this point!

Dot Shen-men (HT-7) (神門, shén-mén - spirit gate)

– “Gate of the Spirit”, “God’s Gate”

Yuan point - spring, accomplice, sedative. Refers to the Meridian of the Heart. The point is located at the ulnar edge of the wrist crease in a recess with a slightly bent arm (palm facing up). It is an ambulance point.
Indications for using the SHEN-MEN point: The impact at this point is especially indicated for psychoses and heart diseases. Pain in the heart with a feeling of anxiety, shortness of breath, insomnia, phobias, memory impairment, fever, mental retardation, vomiting with blood, hemoptysis, yellowness of the sclera, decreased appetite, fever in the palms, rhinitis, paralysis of the muscles of the hyoid region, blood loss after childbirth, lymphadenitis, nightmares, hysteria, epilepsy.

Dot

- "Bubbling, bubbling spring", "bubbling spring"

Sedative point of the Meridian of the kidneys. The point will be determined in a sitting or lying position with bent toes, in the center of the formed fold.
Indications for use Points KD 1 - first aid point for shock, sunstroke, drowning, hypertensive crisis, stroke. Hyperemia and coldness of the sole, cramps in the muscles of the lower extremities, pain in inside hips, acute tonsillitis, hoarseness, cough, paralysis of the muscles of the hyoid region, convulsions in children, urinary retention in postpartum period, prolapse of the uterus, hysteria, jaundice, decreased visual acuity, dry mouth, sore throat, urinary incontinence, loss of voice. Vomiting, diarrhea, constipation.
Massage this point!

- this is just a drop in the ocean of information about them.

Medicine in Japan differs not only in traditional methods of treatment, but also includes elements alternative medicine. One of these trends is considered Reiki appeared at the turn of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. The founder is Dr. Mikao Usui, its essence is that it is possible to achieve physical, psychological, spiritual healing by transferring energy through the hands. Oriental medicine, as well as Shintoism and Buddhism, had a great influence on this concept.

The traditional medicine of Japan is considered Shiatsu which is based on physiological and atomic theory, which is based on Chinese medicine, Western anatomy practice and traditional massage elements.

Shiatsu acupressure was invented by the Japanese Tokuiro Namikoshi. Dr. Namikoshi described his method of therapy in the book "Japanese Finger Pressure Therapy". Shiatsu massage is still young compared to ancient Chinese massage techniques, but has already gained popularity due to its effectiveness and accessibility for ordinary people.
This method was born therapeutic effect points from Dr. Namikoshi's observations of how a person instinctively reacts to bruising or
soreness in the body. Natural instinct makes you press and rub sore spot, thereby unwittingly awakening the reserve forces inherent in man by nature.

Shiatsu pressure methods:

pressure

The finger is set on a point and pressure is applied 1-3 kg to a depth of 0.5-2 cm. The pressure is often intermittent, less often constant.

Large surface pressure

The bases of the palms (most often) are placed above the massaged surface and a pressure of 2-5 kg ​​is applied to a depth of 1-5 cm.

Pressure with rotation

The finger is set on a point, pressure is applied and, without relieving pressure, the finger rotates clockwise (screwing) -bu and, or counterclockwise (unscrewing) -se. With a speed of 80-140 rotational movements per minute.

Trituration

The palm of the hand is pressed against the surface of the skin. Pressing the palm, linear rubbing is performed until visible hyperemia (redness) of the skin.

Pinching

Strong impact on the point before the appearance of intense hyperemia. Usually performed with three fingers - thumb, index and middle

Vibration

It is performed by pressing the point with a finger or the edge of the palm and simultaneous vibrational movements, usually 120-180 vibrations per minute.

The name Shiatsu (Shiatsu) comes from the Japanese words shi - fingers, and atsu - pressure.

In Japan, shiatsu has legal status and approved by the Ministry of Health. Her feature is a combination of therapy and diagnostics, and the palms and fingers are used to treat the patient.

Any discussion of the location of acupuncture points in the context of Japanese acupuncture must be preceded by the warning that Japanese acupuncturists are taught that standardized locations are just places to start looking for points.

Jin Shin Jyutsu is a Japanese philosophical and healing practice that was used in ancient times, but was almost lost by the 20th century. It was revived anew at the beginning of the 20th century by Jiro Murai, who himself encountered incurable disease already at the age of 26.

The essence of Jin Shin Jitsu - in working with 26 points on the body(or their projections on the fingers). It is believed that it is at these points that the blocking of energy flows passing through the human body occurs, causing first a local imbalance, and then a systemic one, leading to diseases at the level physical body.

At the same time, no pressure or massage of these zones is performed, but only a soft arrangement of the palms and fingers on them.

Placing the palms of the hands on the energy blocking points and folding the fingers into various mudras results in the release of energy flows and restoration of balance. At the same time, a person experiences relaxation, spiritual harmony, and well-being improves.

Now oh detailed diagram the location of the 26 points themselves on the human body. These points are symmetrical both in position relative to the spine and in function. The exception is the eighth point, which is located in the middle of the calf, the left point 8 treats constipation, and the right one treats diarrhea. The names of these points and exact location it is not necessary to know their location on the body, just put your palms on the desired area. This can be done both independently and with the help of another person, clothing does not interfere with the effect.

1 dot jin shin jitsu "Source of driving force" located on inner surface knee. In these places there is a connection of descending and ascending energy flows, which allows you to harmonize the entire body from the crown to the toes. Opening this point by laying hands on it helps, in particular, to improve the functioning of the gastrointestinal tract, relieve headache, make breathing easier.

2 dot jin shin jitsu "Wisdom" located on the back, above the pelvic bones. According to the theory of Jin Shin Jitsu, when this point is open, a person is connected to the cosmic source of wisdom and creativity. Applying hands to the 2nd point relieves pain in the back and legs, promotes digestion, facilitates breathing, relieves tension and stress.

3 dot jin shin jitsu "Door" located above the shoulder blades. It acts like a door that opens in both directions. When the "door" moves forward, tension is removed, and when it moves in reverse side purified energy enters the body. Working with the 3rd point strengthens the immune system, helps with lung diseases, colds, sore throat, back and pelvic girdle.

4 dot "Window" located at the base of the skull. It seems to let the light of knowledge and life-giving energy into our body. Working with the 4th point strengthens vision, relieves pain, tension and dryness in the throat, helps with insomnia.

5 dot "Rebirth" located on the inside of the ankle. Working with this point helps to get rid of the burden of the past and be more open to new trends in life. Laying the palms on the 5th point removes the feeling of fear, self-doubt, improves hearing and the functioning of the gastrointestinal tract.

6 dot "Equilibrium" located on the foot, in the middle of the distance between the end of the heel and the protruding bone thumb legs. The girth of the foot in this place helps to maintain both physical and emotional balance, and also relieves pain and tension in the chest, back and hip joints.

7 dot "Victory" located on the underside of the big toe. In Jin Shin Jitsu, it is believed that this biopoint is associated with biopoints on the top of the head and symbolizes the development and victorious completion of the cycle of energy circulating through the body. Girth thumbs legs relieves headaches, relieves tension in the body and cramps, promotes digestion.

8 dot "Rhythm, Power and Concord" located on the side outer surface knee. When it is open, a person feels attuned to the rhythm, power and peace of the universe. Working with the 8th point helps cleanse the body, stimulates the functions genitourinary system, relieves pain in the lower back and legs, improves the functioning of the rectum.

9 dot "The Beginning of a New Energy Cycle" is on the back. Working with her contributes to the acceptance of everything new that life gives us. The dot is the link between the bottom and upper parts body, therefore its activation harmonizes the state of the whole organism, nourishes it with energy. It is also recommended to work with the 9th point for pain in the chest, arms and legs, ankle sprains, tension in the hip joints.

10 dot jin shin jitsu "Source of Abundance"("Pantry of wealth") is also located on the back. Being open, the point contributes to the unimpeded flow of vital energy. In addition, working with it harmonizes the functions of the cardiovascular system, increases blood circulation, strengthens the vocal cords, relieves pain in the chest, shoulder girdle and legs, and normalizes blood pressure.

11 dot "Releasing the Burden of the Past" located in the upper back. Activating a point removes emotional stress, relieves worries, pain in the neck, shoulders, arms (including elbows, wrists and fingers) and legs.

12 dot "The Will of the Creator" located on the back of the neck. In Jin Shin Jitsu, it is believed that the opening of this point has a powerful beneficial effect, as it subordinates the will of a person to the will of the Creator. Working with a point restores emotional balance, relieves stress and pain in the neck and hands, and relieves hiccups.

13 dot jin shin jitsu "Love for people" located on the chest, just below the collarbone. When the point is open, it is easier for a person to see the good even in those people with whom he is in a bad relationship. Working with the 13th point stimulates the functions of the genitourinary system, normalizes appetite, relieves tension in the neck and shoulders.

14 dot "Balance and Support" located at the very bottom of the chest. Working with her helps to maintain balance in Everyday life feel the help of the Creator, maintain energy harmony between the upper and lower parts body, as well as eliminate pain in the hips and hip joints.

15 dot "Joy" located in the upper front of the thighs. By activating it, a person comes into a good mood, experiences joy, a desire to have fun and laugh. These paired points in Jin Shin Jitsu are also called "comedians", as working with them helps to maintain a sense of healthy self-irony, make fun of yourself, and not worry so much about life's troubles. In addition, the opening of the 15th point helps with pain in the heart, legs, gastrointestinal tract (in particular, eliminates flatulence).

16 dot "Transformation" is located between the leg bone and the heel. When energy flows freely through this point, a person feels ready for changes in his life. The girth of the 16th point strengthens skeletal system, improves muscle tone, activates the functions of the genital organs, cleanses the body.

17 dot jin shin jitsu "Reproduction" located on the wrist from the side of the little finger. Working with this point (girth of the wrist) helps in critical situations, as it balances emotional condition, harmonizes the reproductive functions of the body (the ability to reproduce offspring), strengthens the heart, relieves pain in the chest, ankle and intestines (it helps, in particular, with flatulence).

18 dot "Spirit and Flesh" located in the palm at the base of the thumb. Working with this point, as it were, helps a person to realize the unity of the spirit and the physical body, and also relieves pain in the back of the head and chest, and is effective for insomnia.

19 dot "Full Balance" is located in the elbow bend from the side of the thumb. Working with a point helps to maintain self-control in any situation, maintain good physical shape, stimulates digestion, relieves back and chest pain.

20 dot "Touching Eternity" located just above the eyebrows. The activation of the point, as it were, connects the consciousness of a person with the mind of the Universe, restores peace of mind, strengthens eyesight, and improves hearing.

21 dot "Safety" is located under the zygomatic bone. Working with this point calms, sharpens thinking, contributes to the normalization of weight, helps to get rid of dizziness and stress.

22 dot jin shin jitsu "Full Adaptation" ("Point of Change") located under the collarbones. Working with it helps to put your state of mind in order, make more responsible and balanced decisions, adapt to any situations and changes in life (including weather changes), activates the functions thyroid gland and gastrointestinal tract, relieves constipation, relieves pain in the chest, groin and solar plexus.

23 dot "Fate" located on the waist. Working with a point helps a person manage his actions that affect his fate, relieves fear that blocks the smooth flow of energy, stimulates blood circulation, brain function, kidney and gastrointestinal tract functions, relieves convulsions and spasms.

24 dot "Peacemaker" located on the upper surface of the foot, on a line conventionally passing between the little finger and the ring finger. It is recommended to stimulate the point in a state of embarrassment and confusion, which restores peace and tranquility in the body and soul, as well as in order to overcome stubbornness, jealousy and vindictiveness. Working with a point also helps to relieve tension, cramps and trembling (tremor) of the limbs.

25 dot "Regeneration" located on the buttocks. It is recommended to work with it for calming, gradual regeneration (restoration) of all bodily functions, strengthening energy, achieving clarity of mind.

26 dot jin shin jitsu "Director" located on the outer sides of the shoulder blades. Point stimulation saturates life energy all mental and physical functions of the human body.

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Japan is one of the countries with one of the most developed health care systems. The constant progress in science allows the Japanese to not be afraid of disease and live even longer and happier. However, what this people has now achieved has only been possible through the study of the science of medicine developed in the West. But how were the Japanese treated before the exchange of knowledge with Europe began? You will learn about this from this article.

First medical book

In the 6th century, along with Buddhism, Chinese books also came into the country, from which the Japanese of that time learned everything they needed for themselves. Chinese medicine was unique, unlike that practiced in neighboring countries. The Japanese carefully passed these works from generation to generation, and as a result, in the 10th century, the first Japanese medical book "The True Method of Healing" (医心方 isinbo:). It was compiled and dedicated to the emperor by a physician named Tanba no Yasuyori (丹波 康頼).

It is worth clarifying that the "books" at that time were not at all what we are used to seeing them now. They were long scrolls, where the text was written in hieroglyphs vertically and read from top to bottom, from right to left. you can see the scans of the very "True Method of Healing".

However, in ancient times, of course, both the level of knowledge and the vision of the world around us were completely different.

This is how Isinbo shows what happens in a woman's stomach during pregnancy ▼

At each stage of pregnancy, the little man in the stomach grows

In addition, having entered the Japanese environment, the Chinese worldview has undergone some changes under the influence of local fortune-telling practices and traditions of interpreting the inexplicable. In China, all unusual phenomena were associated with the reign of the emperor. However, in Japan, everything incomprehensible and bad was explained by the wrath of the gods.

Therefore, healing was largely mystical in nature. If pronounced symptoms of disease or noticeable external injuries (for example, wounds, burns, fractures) were treated with all kinds of plant and animal remedies, mineral powders, hot baths and cauterization, then everything unknown and difficult, such as fever, unconsciousness and the state of delirium sick, considered the tricks of evil spirits.

So, the domestic Japanese specialist M. V. Grachev, in his article on medicine in ancient Japan, cites the following passage from Isinbo: “If the patient’s heart suddenly expands and the stomach swells, and there is no diarrhea or vomiting, then he has mastered it” evil spirit".

Then, in the distant times of the Heian era (794-1185), it was very scary to get sick. After all, if a person did not help healing decoctions or other means of local doctors, the only thing that could save him was the prayers of the monks, who read Buddhist sutras to heal the patient. True, there was something even stronger: the challenge of an onmyoji, that is, an exorcist.

Onmyodo is the teaching of the Dark and Light principles, based on the fortune-telling and incantation practice borrowed from China, according to which all objects and phenomena can be reduced to certain combinations of five elements (water, fire, wood, metal, earth) and two life-giving principles - yin and Jan.

Onmyouji at work

The only thing that could save the nobility from serious illnesses, when even prayers and exorcists did not help, was trade with China, which various reasons then interrupted, then resumed again.

Such Japanese Chinese medicine

Together with Buddhism, the science of herbal medicine also came to Japan in the 6th century. She received the characteristic name Kampo (漢方), which can be translated as " Chinese method". However, Kampo medicine began to develop only at the end of the 16th century, when healing monks began to promote in Japan the knowledge gained during their studies in China.

With time Chinese teaching began to acquire japanese character. The fact is that traditional Chinese medicine is based on the principles of natural philosophy of East Asia (yin and yang, five elements, etc.). For example, a Chinese doctor could (and still can) advise eating less meat in order to reduce the level of fire in the body. The Japanese, on the other hand, preferred to identify the disease based on specific symptoms. They criticized Chinese medicine for having too much theory that didn't fit the problems. real life. Thus, in the 18th century, the physician Yoshimasu Todo (吉益東洞) wrote: "In medicine, you need to rely only on your observations during the examination." Yoshimasu invented his own technique of probing the abdomen, with the help of which the doctor determines the herbal recipe that the patient needs.

Japanese doctors have simplified the methods used in China. Many Chinese variations from thousands of types of medicinal raw materials were reduced by the Japanese to 300 of the most effective recipes from herbs that could be obtained in Japan.

In Campo medicine, as a rule, herbs are ground into powder.

However, over time, the teachings of the West seriously competed with Campo medicine.

The Incredible Discovery of Japanese Doctors

After Tokugawa Iemitsu made Japan a closed country in 1641, the contact of Japanese and European culture became completely impossible. During this period, contacts with all countries of the world except China and Holland were prohibited. It was impossible to freely read the works of foreign authors, and even more so to travel abroad. However, even in this environment, people appeared who decided to study European sciences and arts. And Sugita Gempaku (杉田玄白) is one of them.

Sugita Gempaku

In the spring of 1771, Sugita Gempaku, a doctor from the city of Edo, obtained a Dutch translation of the German book Anatomy in the Tables (German Anatomische Tabellen, author: Johann-Adam Kulm; Dutch Ontleedkundige Tafelen, translator: Gerard Dikten). He did not know Dutch and did not understand a single line of what was written, but the illustrations offered in the book made him wonder. They did not at all correspond to the teachings popular at that time, which came from China.

Then Gempaku had an idea: “Why not dissect the body of an executed criminal and see what is inside him?”. Such an attempt was a good opportunity to verify the correctness of the illustrations of "Anatomy in the tables." He called his doctor friend Maeno Ryōtaku (前野良沢) with him, and, plucking up courage, they set about executing the plan together.

Anatomy in Tables Validation

The eyes of the two doctors were strained. First, they examined the opened body, then looked at the book they held in their hands, and then again at the body. As a result, it was experimentally proved that the illustrations do not lie.

The doctors were amazed, and they themselves wondered how they had could heal people without even knowing what they had inside. Then they did not yet understand the importance of studying the internal organs of a person.

Understanding the internal structure of a person (before and after the discovery of Genpaku)

That's how their surprise turned into a dream to try to translate this book.

Deciding on this, Sugita and Maeno immediately set to work. But in that era there were no dictionaries, and translating a book was by no means an easy task. First, they did not know Dutch. Once, colleagues for a whole day could not translate the sentence: “Eyebrows are hair growing above the eyes.”

There was also a phrase: “The nose is furuhehhando”(the nose is the protruding part), which also made the doctors scratch their heads. To understand the meaning of this word, they went through great amount books and as a result found such sentences: “If you cut off a tree branch, then there will be furuhehhando' or 'When you tidy up the garden and put the rubbish on the ground, you get furuhehhando". But what do branches, garbage, and a nose have in common?

Colleagues suffered, tried to figure it out, and as a result they realized: the cut of the branch on the tree sticks out a little; garbage laid on the ground also rises above the surface; means furuhehhando- this is the protruding part.

They made out one single word and their joy was already great. In the final version, the sentence reads like this: "The nose is a protruding part in the middle of the face."

In a period of approximately 4 years, Gempaku and Maeno completed the translation and released their book titled The New Anatomy Textbook (解体新書 kaitai shinsho). This book, the result of hard work, was Starting point in the dissemination of knowledge accumulated in Europe.

Below you can see some of her pages ▼

From the Edo period (1603–1868), the Dutch scientific work were transmitted throughout Japan, and it is believed that the study of Western science and culture began precisely with medicine.

But what now?

In the 19th century, the advantage of Western medicine, which objectively could better cope with topical problems, became obvious to everyone. infectious diseases that time. The Japanese switched to the German system of treatment, and in 1876 the government even put forward an official requirement that all doctors study Western medicine. By the way, here we understand why most medical terms in Japanese are borrowed from German.

However traditional medicine Campo has not been forgotten, although its development has slowed down a lot. After the Second World War began to appear modern specialists by Campo. Herbal medicine continues to this day in Japan. This situation is similar to ours, when the presence modern technologies and medicines does not prevent many of us from having chamomile flowers in the locker for brewing.

So, in any pharmacy in modern Japan there is a Kampo department. It will not be difficult to find a special shop.

In 1971, traditional Kampo recipes were added to the National Health Insurance System (国民健康保険) drug list. 148 available for sale now herbal preparations. However, if earlier doctors made their own diagnosis and chose treatment in accordance with it, now prescriptions are selected in accordance with the diagnoses of Western medicine.

Even in this topic, we can trace the immortal ability of the Japanese to combine other people's and their own achievements, resulting in a completely new product.

Times are changing, humanity is moving forward, but, unfortunately, in our world there is still a place for various diseases. Therefore, whatever surrounds you, be it modern hospitals or shamans dancing with a tambourine, we wish you good health and strength for great achievements:3

I had an idea to write a series of articles about medicine different countries, to continue the theme of Chinese and Tibetan medicine. I didn't even have to think about where to start. The topic appeared immediately: medicine in Japan. I have always been interested in this country: it is a completely different culture, a different mentality. I had a chance to talk with the Japanese and these people immediately struck me. Not only in character, but also appearance. They all look very young, and they have practically no obese people. This is due to their lifestyle and diet. Lifestyle and nutrition affect both the health of the Japanese and their life expectancy. This nation has broken the record for life expectancy: men live up to 78 years, and women - up to 85.

In general, the Japanese believe that all health problems come from evil spirits. This attitude dates back to ancient times, when Japan was isolated from other countries for a long time. All diseases were treated with herbs and conspiracies. For example, seaweed has been used to heal wounds because it contains iodine in large quantities. At the same time, a special anesthetic massage was developed that could heal a wounded warrior. Massage, as well as acupuncture, developed in Japan due to a lack of herbal and animal remedies. Massage, by the way, to this day is a remedy for almost all ailments. Later, the knowledge of Chinese and Buddhist healers was added.

And now the Japanese adhere to the knowledge of ancient healers. For example, older people in Japan do not take any medication to improve their eyesight. Every day they tap a wooden pipe between the second and third toes, because it is the toes that are associated with the eyes. Also, the Japanese monitor blood circulation. Many of them carry special sticks with them and tap on their veins, or walk backwards. Maybe that's why in Japan it is very difficult to see an elderly person in wheelchair, and many old people walk 10 km every day. A caviar sea ​​urchin, which is very difficult to obtain, is considered the most powerful cure for radiation. The Japanese claim that if it is eaten for a week, the blood will be completely renewed. Many of those who survived the atomic bombing in Hiroshima and did not get sick, believe that this is due to sea urchin caviar. But the medicine is expensive and can only be obtained on the black market.

But this does not mean that the Japanese completely trust natural medicine. They also avoid taking pharmaceuticals. Residents of the Land of the Rising Sun take care of their health: they eat right, do not forget about physical exercises and try to behave properly. Old Japanese medicine is held in high esteem in modern world. But this means that modern medicine not developed in Japan. The Japanese simply believe that shiatsu and reiki are the best medicines for all ailments. Well, maybe they are right. After all, long-livers can be trusted!

Japanese medicine - how are patients treated in Japan?

In the last decade, Japanese medicine has made significant strides forward. "Doctors should treat diseases, not patients," says the daring diagnostician Dr. House from the series of the same name. And the evil genius would be right, as always, if there were no doctors in Japan either.

Japanese medicine - features of traditional medicine

The followers of Hippocrates from the Land of the Rising Sun went even further: they do not treat patients, they do not cure diseases - they eliminate the causes of failures in the human body. This approach was inherited by Japanese doctors from their ancestors, who believed that healing from any disease is possible only when it turns out true reason during a holistic diagnosis of the body. Because of this, to this day, the approach of Japanese medicine is called holistic, that is, complex.

Another feature of traditional Japanese medicine, as well as Japanese philosophy, is complete unity with nature. The Japanese believe that no artificially synthesized drug is capable of exerting such healing effect, as extracts of natural plants, juice of oriental fruits and even ... embryos of exotic animals. So, in Japan, it has long been believed that sea urchin caviar removes radioactive substances from the body. By the way, miraculous effect very strange means confirmed even by the survivors of the nuclear bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki.

Traditional or non-traditional Japanese medicine - which is better?

But what about advanced technologies, omnipotent medicines of the future and robotic surgeons? – you ask, and you will be right. Indeed, Japanese medicine is a two-sided medal, the tails of which are the “kampo” complex described above (Chinese or traditional method), which we would call " folk medicine". Orel is a mixture of clinics equipped with the latest technology, highly qualified doctors who have achieved particular success in the treatment of diseases of the musculoskeletal, digestive and cardiovascular systems, the latest nanomedicines and fantastic diagnostic tools.

But once upon a time, the coin of Japanese medicine had only tails: only improvised people were used to treat a few diseases. natural ingredients, acupressure and acupuncture. There was no gastroscopy in medicine at all - the Japanese did not know what stomach diseases were while they ate fresh seafood combined with rice and vegetables. They learned about these diseases after the Meiji Revolution, when Europeans taught samurai and geishas to eat meat and heavy fats.

However, looking closely at the mysterious coin of Japanese medicine, it becomes clear that Fortune is conveniently located on its edge. Successfully combining the principles of holistic management of the body and the latest biotechnical developments, Japanese doctors managed to almost double the life expectancy of their people by just a hundred years! The best Japanese healers, saving a person from illness, boldly mix a cocktail of ancient herbal treatments, psychoesoteric practices, massage and highly effective modern drugs. Unlike doctors all over the world, the Japanese believe that it is possible to make a person absolutely healthy at absolutely any age, and it is never too late to take care of your own health!