Vitamin a for internal use. Vitamin A: need and indications for use

The pharmaceutical market produces a variety of products to compensate for the lack of nutrients in the human body. Vitamin A, which is produced in the form of capsules, is very popular among the population. Retinol is actively used for cosmetic purposes, normalizing the functioning of the human body. Learn more about it.

Vitamin A capsules - instructions for use

The described substance significantly improves the appearance of a person, strengthens the immune system, contributes to the prevention and treatment of certain diseases, therefore it is widely used in cosmetic and medical practice. To get the maximum effect and avoid negative consequences, it is important to know how to take the remedy. will help youinstructions for use of vitamin A capsules. Hypervitaminosis is dangerous for people - it leads to poisoning, problems during pregnancy.

A popular drug containing retinol is Aevit capsules. They are widely used to treat diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, thyroid gland, intestines, skin problems. Vitamin A in the preparation is contained directly inside the tablet and is not oxidized. The optimal dose for healthy people is about 1-1.5 mg per day. In case of illness, the dosage may be increased.

Vitamin A - indications for use

Gelatin capsules are the most convenient form for self-use. You should drink them with meals or after - so they are absorbed much better.Indications for the use of vitamin A:

• skin diseases (acne, dermatitis, purulent wounds);
• infectious diseases, acute respiratory infections;
• bowel disease;
• burns, frostbite;
• pregnancy;
• diarrhea;
• avitaminosis;
• nail diseases;
• diseases of the musculoskeletal system;
• hyperpigmentation;
• baldness, hair loss;
• blurred vision;
• respiratory diseases (bronchitis, tracheitis);
• pathology of ENT organs;
• lack of appetite;
• diabetes;
• rickets;
• lactation period;
• mastopathy;
• ophthalmic pathologies;
• dysentery;
• prostration;
• causeless migraines.

Vitamin A - dosage

To find out how much retinol the body needs, you should consult a doctor. The specialist will determine if there is a need, prescribe a dosage, give recommendations for taking. It is important to know that uncontrolled use can harm and cause side effects. Standarddosage of vitamin A:0.5-1 mg for children and 1.5 mg for adults. Pregnant women are recommended a larger amount - up to 2.5 mg.

If we talk about vitamin Aevit, the treatment regimen depends on the characteristics of the problem. For example, to improve skin condition, 1 capsule per day for 2 weeks is recommended. How to take vitamin A tablets? It is advisable to drink 10 minutes after eating. As a rule, the course of treatment lasts 1-2 months. Retinol has the ability to accumulate and be consumed if necessary - there will be no shortage due to a break.

Vitamin A - side effects

If you follow the instructions and the correct dosage, the remedy will only benefit.Side effects of vitamin A capsulespossible with uncontrolled and prolonged ingestion. In this case, a person is observed:

• vomiting, nausea;
• increased fatigue;
• hair loss;
• the appearance of eye pain, blurred vision;
• violation of the menstrual cycle in women;
• loss of appetite;
• peeling of the skin;
• Strong headache;
• bleeding gums;
• allergy;
• fragility of nails;
• bone pain;
• feeling of doubling;
• hemolytic anemia;
• photosensitivity.

Vitamin A for the face

If the required amount of the substance is supplied, the human skin looks healthy, toned, fresh. With a deficiency of this component, you can use ampoules at home or creams containing retinol.Vitamin A for facial skinperforms the following functions:

• fights inflammatory processes;
• eliminates pimples, acne, black dots;
• prevents premature aging of the skin, reduces the number of wrinkles;
• improves complexion;
• has a leveling effect;
• accelerates blood circulation;
• strengthens the structure;
• increases elasticity;
• moisturizes dry skin;
• protects from the negative impact of environmental factors.

Vitamin A for hair

Without a certain amount of substance, the hair will never be radiant and healthy.Vitamin A capsules for hair helps:

• protect from negative influences;
• make hair soft, strong, elastic, strong;
• moisturize the strands;
• saturate with useful substances;
• prevent baldness;
• improve skin immunity;
• support the normal functioning of the sebaceous glands;
• increase the formation of keratin - the building material of hair.

If the hair is damaged, brittle, worn out, it is recommended to drink, for example, Aevit tablets. For external use, it is worth using capsules, applying the active substance directly to the roots, skin. In addition, you can use the tool only for the tips to restore their structure. Also, the contents of the capsules can be used for therapeutic, health-improving hair masks.

Vitamin A during pregnancy

Retinol is very important for pregnant women. It regulates metabolism, redox processes, protein synthesis. Thanks to the useful substance, the female body fights various infections, recovers faster after childbirth. Retin is necessary for the proper development of the fetus - it is involved in the development of the respiratory, nervous, circulatory systems, the formation of eyes, heart, kidneys.

With a deficiency, congenital deformities of the child, developmental delay are possible.Vitamin A capsules during pregnancyrecommended at a dosage of at least 2500 IU per day. It should be taken after consulting a doctor, who, if necessary, can prescribe a multivitamin. If for some reason there is too much retinol, it can have a toxic effect.

Vitamin A for children

If a child has visual impairment, anemia, poor appetite, frequent infectious diseases, perhaps this is due to a lack of retinol. To improve his condition, he needs to eat more food of plant origin, products of yellow, dark green color, chicken liver, beef, drink fish oil. In addition, the doctor may prescribevitamin A capsules for children. The norm of retinol for children aged 1-3 years is 450 mcg, 3-6 years old is 500 mcg.

The price of vitamin A capsules

Retinol is sold everywhere in pharmacies: due to its beneficial properties, it is actively used in cosmetology and medicine. The tool can be found in the form of ampoules, dragees, capsules. The latter are more convenient to use and much cheaper. For example, a package of Retinol Acetate costs about 8-15 rubles. Analogues are more expensive, for example, the average price of Videstim, which has the same composition, is from 200 rubles. Vitamins called Aevit will cost inexpensively, the approximate cost of which is 15-20 rubles.

Instructions for use

Attention! The information is provided for informational purposes only. This manual should not be used as a guide to self-medication. The need for appointment, methods and doses of the drug are determined solely by the attending physician.

general characteristics

Compound.

Active substance: retinol;

for a dose of 33,000 IU

1 capsule contains vitamin A (vitamins- organic substances formed in the body with the help of intestinal microflora or supplied with food, usually vegetable. Necessary for normal metabolism and life) A palmitate 1.7 million IU / g in terms of 100% substance 33,000 IU (0.01815 g);

Excipients: sunflower oil; the composition of the gelatin capsule shell: gelatin, glycerin, methyl parahydroxybenzoate (E 218), propyl parahydroxybenzoate (E 216), carmoisin dye (E 122);

for a dose of 100,000 IU

1 capsule contains vitamin A palmitate 1.7 million IU / g in terms of 100% substance 100,000 IU (0.055 g);

Excipients: sunflower oil; composition of the gelatin capsule shell: gelatin, glycerin, methyl parahydroxybenzoate (E 218), propyl parahydroxybenzoate (E 216).

Dosage form. The capsules are soft.

Basic physical and chemical properties:

for a dose of 33,000 IU: soft gelatin capsules, spherical or spherical, with a seam, red, filled with an oily liquid from light yellow to dark yellow;

for a dose of 100,000 IU: soft gelatin capsules, spherical or spherical, with a seam, from light yellow to dark yellow, filled with an oily liquid from light yellow to dark yellow.

Pharmacotherapeutic group

Simple preparations of vitamin A. Retinol (Retinol- vitamin A, in the body is formed from the carotene that comes with food, which is contained, for example, in carrots, lettuce. Included in animal fats, including fish, egg yolk, caviar)(vitamin A). ATC code A11C A01.

Pharmacological properties

Pharmacodynamics. Vitamin A (retinol) belongs to the group of fat-soluble vitamins.

The drug "Vitamin A" is an analogue of natural vitamin A and is necessary to restore the normal concentration of retinol in the body. Vitamin A plays an important role in the synthesis proteins (Squirrels- natural high-molecular organic compounds. Proteins play an extremely important role: they are the basis of the life process, participate in the construction of cells and tissues, are biocatalysts (enzymes), hormones, respiratory pigments (hemoglobins), protective substances (immunoglobulins), etc.), lipids (Lipids- an extensive group of natural organic compounds, including fats and fat-like substances. Found in all living cells. They form the energy reserve of the body, participate in the transmission of a nerve impulse, in the creation of water-repellent and thermal insulation covers, etc.), mucopolysaccharides, regulates the balance of minerals.

The most specific function of vitamin A is to provide visual processes (photoreception). Retinol takes part in the synthesis of visual purple - rhodopsin, located in the rods of the retina.

Vitamin A modulates the differentiation of epithelial cells, takes part in the development of secretory glands (glands- organs that produce and secrete specific substances that are involved in various physiological functions and biochemical processes of the body. Endocrine glands secrete their metabolic products - hormones directly into the blood or lymph. External secretion glands - on the surface of the body, mucous membranes or in the external environment (sweat, salivary, mammary glands)), processes of keratinization, regeneration of mucous membranes and skin.

Vitamin A is necessary for the normal functioning of the endocrine glands and the growth of the body, as it is a synergist of somatomedins.

Retinol increases the content of glycogen in the liver, stimulates the production of trypsin and lipase in the digestive system; inhibits photochemical free radical reactions and cysteine ​​oxidation, activates the inclusion of sulfates in the components of connective tissue, cartilage, bones; provides the need for sulfocerebrosides and myelin, ensuring the conduction and transmission of nerve impulses.

With a lack of vitamin A, impaired twilight vision develops ( night blindness (night blindness ) and atrophy (Atrophy- reduction in the size of an organ or tissue with a violation (cessation) of their function) epithelium (Epithelium- a layer of closely spaced cells covering the surface of the body (for example, skin), lining all cavities and performing mainly protective, excretory and absorbing functions) conjunctiva, cornea (Cornea- (cornea), the anterior transparent part of the outer shell of the eye, one of its refractive media), lacrimal glands. There are degenerative-dystrophic processes in the respiratory tract (mucous membranes of the nasopharynx, paranasal sinuses, trachea, bronchi), in the genitourinary system (epithelium of the renal pelvis, ureters, bladder, urethra, vagina, ovaries (Ovary- the female sex gland, the place of formation and maturation of eggs and the production of estrogen and progesterone), fallopian tubes and endometrium, seminal vesicles and cords, prostate), in the digestive system (mucosa of the gastrointestinal tract, salivary glands, pancreas). Vitamin A deficiency leads to a violation of skin trophism (hyperkeratosis), deterioration in the growth and quality of hair and nails, as well as the function of the sebaceous and sweat glands. In addition, there is a decrease in body weight and a slowdown in bone growth, a decrease in the synthesis of glucocorticoids and steroid hormones (Hormones- biologically active substances produced in the body by specialized cells or organs (endocrine glands) and have a targeted effect on the activity of other organs and tissues), violation of the body's resistance to infectious and other diseases. There is increased chole- and nephrolithiasis.

A lack or excess of vitamin A in a woman's body can cause abnormalities in the intrauterine development of the fetus.

Retinol has an antitumor effect that does not apply to non-epithelial tumors.

Pharmacokinetics. Retinol palmitate taken orally is well absorbed in the upper sections of the small intestine. Then, as part of chylomicrons, it is transported from the intestinal wall to the lymphatic system and enters the bloodstream through the thoracic duct. The transport of retinol esters in the blood is carried out by β- lipoproteins (Lipoproteins- complex proteins, which are a complex of lipids with proteins. They are contained mainly in biological membranes and participate in the transport of substances through them. Determination of the content of lipoproteins in the blood is of diagnostic value). The maximum level of vitamin A esters in the blood serum is observed 3 hours after ingestion. place deposit (Deposit- temporary shutdown of any substances (eg, blood cells, hormones, fats) from circulation and metabolism processes and their storage in the body for later use) vitamin A is the liver parenchyma, where it accumulates in stable ester forms. In addition, a high content of vitamin A is determined in the pigment epithelium of the retina. This depot is necessary for the regular provision of the outer segments of rods and cones with vitamin A.

Biotransformation (Biotransformation- a set of chemical transformations of a medicinal or xenogeneic substance in the body) retinol occurs in the liver, and then in the form of inactive metabolites, it is excreted by the kidneys. Retinol may be partially excreted from bile (Bile- a secret produced by the glandular cells of the liver. Contains water, bile salts, pigments, cholesterol, enzymes. Promotes the breakdown and absorption of fats, enhances peristalsis. The human liver secretes up to 2 liters of bile per day. Preparations of bile and bile acids are used as choleretic agents (allohol, decholine, etc.)) and participate in the enterohepatic circulation. Elimination of retinol occurs slowly - in 3 weeks, 34% of the dose taken is excreted from the body.

Indications for use

Treatment of avitaminosis A.

Eye disease: retinitis pigmentosa, xerophthalmia (Xerophthalmia- severe dryness of the conjunctiva due to local disease or vitamin A deficiency), xeromalacia, hemeralopia (Hemeralopia- blurred vision), eczematous lesions of the eyelids, another pathology, accompanied by degenerative changes.

Skin diseases and lesions: frostbite, burns, wounds, ichthyosis (Ichthyosis- this is a type of keratosis, characterized by keratinization of the skin, inherited in an autosomal dominant manner. Usually develops in the 3rd month of life or somewhat later) and hyperkeratosis, psoriasis (Psoriasis- a chronic hereditary skin disease with diverse clinical manifestations. The most common common psoriasis is abundantly scaly papules and plaques on the scalp, elbows, forearms, hands, shins, feet, lower back, buttocks. Complaints of itching. In this disease, keratinocytes are formed 28 times more than normal), some forms of eczema, furunculosis, acne vulgaris and rosacea, seborrhea, baldness.

Integrated therapy (Therapy- 1. The field of medicine that studies internal diseases, one of the oldest and main medical specialties. 2. Part of a word or phrase used to indicate a type of treatment (oxygen therapy\; hemotherapy - treatment with blood products)) pathology of the musculoskeletal system, mineral metabolism disorders (Violation of mineral metabolism- violation of the metabolism of a number of macroelements and microelements, leading to pathological changes in the body): osteoarthritis, osteochondrosis, bone fractures.

Hypotrophy.

As part of the complex therapy of acute and chronic (Chronic- a long, ongoing, protracted process, occurring either constantly or with periodic improvements in condition) bronchopulmonary diseases and pathology of ENT organs; inflammatory, erosive and ulcerative lesions of the gastrointestinal tract, cirrhosis of the liver; systemic connective tissue diseases (rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus (Systemic lupus erythematosus- a systemic autoimmune disease in which antibodies produced by the human immune system damage the DNA of healthy cells, mainly connective tissue is damaged)); secondary immunodeficiencies.

Contraindications

Individual hypersensitivity to the components of the drug, cholelithiasis, chronic pancreatitis. Given the high dose of Vitamin A, this drug is contraindicated in pregnant women and children.

Dosage and administration

The drug is taken orally during or after a meal.

Given the ability of vitamin A to accumulate in the body, before taking the drug, you need to pay attention to the dose of retinol palmitate (especially for capsules of 100,000 IU).

The highest daily dose for adults should not exceed 100,000 IU.

For therapeutic purposes, for mild to moderate beriberi, adults are prescribed up to 33,000 IU per day, for eye diseases, 33,000–100,000 IU per day. For skin diseases, adults 33,000–100,000 IU per day.

Doses and duration of treatment with Vitamin A are set by the doctor individually.

Application features

Take the drug under medical supervision. With prolonged use of Vitamin A, it is necessary to control biochemical parameters and blood clotting time.

In the treatment of impaired twilight vision (night blindness), Vitamin A should be used with riboflavin (Riboflavin is a water soluble vitamin. Contained in dairy and meat products, salad vegetables, chicken yolk, brewer's yeast. The lack of this vitamin in the body leads to skin lesions, visual impairment, gastritis, colitis), nicotinic acid.

Take with caution in acute and chronic nephritis, decompensated heart failure, severe lesions of the hepatobiliary system, diseases accompanied by reduced blood clotting.

The drug has the ability to accumulate and be present in the body for a long time. Women taking high doses of retinol should not expect pregnancy until 6 to 12 months later. This is due to the fact that during this time there is a risk of abnormal development of the fetus under the influence of a high content of vitamin A in the body.

Use during pregnancy or lactation.

Given the high dose of Vitamin A, this drug is contraindicated during pregnancy and lactation.

Children.

Given the high dose of Vitamin A, this drug is contraindicated in children.

The ability to influence the speed of reactions when driving vehicles or working with other mechanisms.

There are no data on the effect of the drug on the ability to drive a car or work with complex mechanisms.

Side effect

Long-term intake of large doses of vitamin A can cause the development of hypervitaminosis A.

From the side nervous system (Nervous system- a set of formations: receptors, nerves, ganglia, brain. Carries out the perception of stimuli acting on the body, the conduction and processing of the resulting excitation, the formation of response adaptive reactions. Regulates and coordinates all body functions in its interaction with the external environment) and sense organs: fatigue, drowsiness, lethargy, irritability, headache, loss of sleep.

From the gastrointestinal tract: loss of appetite, nausea and, very rarely, vomiting.

Allergic reactions: itching (Itching- a modified feeling of pain due to irritation of the nerve endings of pain receptors), erythema and rashes, dry skin that is flaky, dry mouth, fever, hyperemia (Hyperemia- plethora caused by increased blood flow to any organ or tissue area (arterial, active hyperemia) or its difficult outflow (venous, passive, congestive hyperemia). Accompanies any inflammation. Artificial hyperemia is caused for therapeutic purposes (compresses, heating pads, banks)) faces.

Others: hair loss, disorder menstrual cycle (Menstrual cycle- regularly recurring uterine bleeding, during which a woman loses an average of 50-100 ml of blood. Coagulability of menstrual blood is reduced, so bleeding continues for 3-5 days. The duration of the menstrual cycle is 28 days, may be less (up to 21 days) or more (up to 30-35 days)), abdominal pain, aphthae, gait disorder, pain in the bones of the lower extremities.

Interaction with other drugs

Estrogens (Estrogen- pituitary hormone responsible for the maturation of eggs) increase the risk of developing hypervitaminosis A.

Retinol palmitate reduces the anti-inflammatory effect of glucocorticoids.

Retinol palmitate should not be taken simultaneously with nitrites and cholestyramine, as they disrupt the absorption of the drug.

Retinol palmitate should not be used in conjunction with other vitamin A derivatives due to the risk of overdose, the development of hypervitaminosis A.

The combination with vitamin E contributes to the preservation of retinol palmitate in its active form, absorption from the intestine and anabolic effects.

Overdose

Acute and chronic hypervitaminosis A is accompanied by severe headache, fever, drowsiness, vomiting, blurred vision (double vision), dry skin, pain in joints (joints- movable joints of bones, allowing them to move relative to each other. Auxiliary formations - ligaments, menisci and other structures) and muscles, the appearance of age spots, an increase in the size of the liver and spleen, jaundice (Jaundice- a painful condition characterized by the accumulation of bilirubin in the blood and its deposition in tissues with yellow staining of the skin, mucous membranes, and sclera of the eyes. Observed with increased breakdown of red blood cells (eg, neonatal jaundice, jaundice in hemolytic anemia), viral hepatitis and other liver diseases, obstruction of the outflow of bile), a change in the blood picture, loss of strength and appetite. In severe cases, seizures, cardiac weakness and hydrocephalus develop.

Treatment is symptomatic as antagonist (Antagonists- drugs that, interacting with receptors, inhibit the action of the agonist (substances that form the response of receptors)) thyroxine is prescribed, the use of ascorbic acid, vitamin E is rational.

Product General Information

Best before date. 2 years.

Storage conditions. Store in original packaging at a temperature not exceeding 25 °C. Keep out of the reach of children.

Package.

For a dose of 33,000 IU.

10 capsules in a blister.

For a dose of 100,000 IU.

10 capsules in a blister.

10 capsules in a blister; 1 blister in a pack.

50 capsules in a blister; 1 blister in a pack.

Manufacturer.Public Joint Stock Company "Kyiv Vitamin Plant".

Location. 04073, Ukraine, Kyiv, st. Kopylovskaya, 38.

Website. www.vitamin.com.ua

This material is presented in free form on the basis of the official instructions for the medical use of the drug.

International name: Retinol (Retinol)

Group: Vitamins and vitamin-like preparations. Antihypoxants and antioxidants

Active ingredients: Retinol acetate or retinol palmitate

Chemical formula:

Chemical formula of Vitamin A

Release form:

1. dragee (instruction insert included)
2. drops for oral administration
3. oral drops [in oil]
4. capsules
5. solution for intramuscular injection [oily]
6. oral solution [oily]
7. solution for oral and external use [oily]
8. coated tablets

Instruction

pharmachologic effect

Retinol is a necessary component for the normal functioning of the retina of the eye, as it binds to opsin (the red pigment of the retina), forming the visual purple rhodopsin, necessary for visual adaptation in the dark. Vitamin A is necessary for bone growth, normal reproductive function, embryonic development, regulation of division and differentiation of the epithelium (increases the reproduction of skin epithelial cells, rejuvenates the cell population, inhibits keratinization processes). Vitamin A takes part as a cofactor in various biochemical processes.

Indications for use

According to the instructions, it is necessary to take retinol in the following cases:

1. Hypo- and avitaminosis A, as well as conditions of increased body demand for vitamin A: gastrectomy, diarrhea, steatorrhea, celiac disease, sprue, Crohn's disease, malabsorption syndrome, cystic fibrosis of the pancreas, frequent infectious (including chronic) and "colds » diseases
2. Inadequate and unbalanced nutrition (including parenteral nutrition)
3. Fast weight loss
4. Nicotine addiction, drug addiction, alcoholism
5. A state of prolonged stress
6. Taking cholestyramine, colestipol, mineral oils, and neomycin
7. hyperthyroidism
8. Hemeralopia, xerophthalmia, keratomalacia

Currently, retinol is not recommended for the treatment of dry skin, wrinkles, eye diseases and infections not associated with vitamin A deficiency. Vitamin A has not been proven effective in the treatment of nephrolithiasis, hyperthyroidism, anemia, degenerative changes in the nervous system, sunburn, diseases lung, hearing loss, osteoarthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, psoriasis.

Contraindications for use

1. Hypersensitivity
2. Vitamin A hypervitaminosis
3. 1 trimester of pregnancy

Taking retinol for alcoholism, cirrhosis of the liver, viral hepatitis, renal failure, pregnancy (especially the first trimester), during lactation, in the elderly and children is only on prescription and in strict accordance with the instructions for use.

Side effects

1. Parenteral administration - soreness at the injection site, infiltration
2. Overdose

Overdose

Retinol is a fat-soluble vitamin, and therefore taking a large dose in a short time or long-term use at an increased dosage can lead to an overdose of the vitamin in the body.

Symptoms of acute overdose (develop 6 hours after administration) of vitamin A:

1. in adults - drowsiness, lethargy, double vision, dizziness, severe headache, nausea, severe vomiting, diarrhea, irritability, osteoporosis, bleeding from the gums, dryness and ulceration, agitation, oral mucosa, peeling of the lips, skin (especially palms ), confusion, increased intracranial pressure
2. in infants - hydrocephalus, protrusion of the fontanel

Symptoms of chronic intoxication:

1. loss of appetite, bone pain, cracks and dryness of the skin, lips, dryness of the oral mucosa, gastralgia, vomiting, hyperthermia, asthenia, excessive fatigue, discomfort, headache, photosensitivity, pollakiuria, nocturia, polyuria, irritability, hair loss, yellow - orange spots on the soles, palms, in the area of ​​the nasolabial triangle, hepatotoxic phenomena, intraocular hypertension, oligomenorrhea, portal hypertension, hemolytic anemia, changes in bone radiographs, convulsions;
2. fetotoxic phenomena: in humans - malformations of the urinary system, growth retardation, early closure of the epiphyseal growth zones; in animals - malformations of the central nervous system, spine, chest, heart, eyes, upper palate, genitourinary system.

Treatment for overdose - withdrawal of the drug and symptomatic therapy.

Vitamin A is taken orally (capsules, oil) for preventive and therapeutic purposes (10-15 minutes after a meal). With severe beriberi or malabsorption in the gastrointestinal tract, intramuscular injections of the vitamin (ampoules with an oil solution) are indicated. Oil for injections have a high viscosity, therefore, before i / m administration, they are heated to body temperature. In cases requiring long-term treatment (diseases of the skin, eyes), courses of intramuscular injections can be alternated with oral administration. Inside, in / m.

1. With mild to moderate beriberi, adults - 33 thousand IU / day, children - 1-5 thousand IU / day (depending on age).
2. With hemeralopia, xerophthalmia for adults - 50-100 thousand IU / day, for children as prescribed by a doctor.
3. For skin diseases for adults - 50-100 thousand IU / day, for children as prescribed by a doctor.

special instructions

Since vitamin A is fat-soluble and is excreted from the body slowly, in order to avoid the development of hypervitaminosis A, do not exceed the recommended doses indicated in the instructions for use. For the treatment of acne, high doses of Retinol are required, which increases the risk of toxic complications, therefore, with this nosology, local forms of Retinol (including tretinoin or isotretinoin) are most preferable. The daily requirement for vitamin A for an adult is 5 thousand IU (1.5 mg); for pregnant women - 6.6 thousand IU (2 mg); for lactating women - 8.25 thousand IU (2.5 mg); children under 1 year old - 1.65 thousand IU (0.5 mg); 1-6 years - 3.3 thousand IU (1 mg); 7-14 years - 5 thousand IU (1.5 mg). In the conditions of the Far North, doses for pregnant and lactating women and children are increased by 50%.

Interaction with other drugs

1. Weakens the effect of Ca2 + drugs, increases the risk of hypercalcemia.
2. Colestyramine, colestipol, mineral oils, neomycin reduce the absorption of vitamin A (you may need to increase its dose).
3. Oral contraceptives increase the concentration of Retinol in plasma.
4. Isotretinoin increases the risk of a toxic effect.
5. The simultaneous use of tetracycline and vitamin A in high doses (50 thousand / IU and above) increases the risk of developing intracranial hypertension.
6. Vitamin E reduces toxicity, absorption, deposition in the liver and use of vitamin A; high doses of vitamin E can reduce the body's stores of Retinol.

If you somehow very often and seriously began to get sick with colds, there were malfunctions in the work of the heart, the endocrine system makes itself felt, and most importantly, your eyes began to hurt, your eyesight worsened, all this may well be the result of a lack of vitamin A in the body.

The lack of vitamin a in the body negatively affects almost all of its functions.

The immune and genitourinary systems suffer. The skin becomes dry and irritated, the so-called "goose bumps" appear on the knees and elbows.

The mucous membrane of the mouth, intestines, stomach and eyes is damaged.

The eyes become too receptive to light, poorly adapted to the dark, watery, itchy, as if sand had been poured into them.

This manifestation of vitamin A deficiency was well known in antiquity and was called "night blindness".

By the way, even then the ancient healers prescribed pork liver as a medicine to the sick.

What foods contain vitamin A, what should you eat to make up for its deficiency?

Fortunately, our body is able to accumulate this vitamin "in reserve", so it is not necessary to eat exclusively pork liver, it is enough to eat it sometimes.

A large amount of the "vitamin of youth", namely the so-called vitamin A due to its pronounced antioxidant properties, is found in yellow and green vegetables and fruits.

Most of all it is in spinach, Brussels sprouts, carrots, pumpkin and apricots. However, it is impossible to get your daily requirement of retinol (vitamin A) without eating animal fats.

Liver, egg yolks, butter, fish oil, cream and milk are rich in retinol.

How to take vitamin a, if there is a pronounced lack of it? First of all, you need to remember that an excess of vitamin

And also dangerous, as well as its lack. As already noted, this vitamin can accumulate in the liver and cause it to enlarge, dry mouth, nausea and dizziness.

However, it is almost impossible to get an overdose of vitamin A from food. Therefore, before taking retinol tablets, it is worth consulting with your doctor.

It does not hurt to know the maximum daily intake of this vitamin, which is, on average, one milligram. Men and lactating women need a little more.

How to take vitamin A bought in a pharmacy? The most common form of vitamin A release is its oily solution. The fact is that vitamin

And it is absorbed by the body only in the presence of fats.

How to drink vitamin A, so that it is fully absorbed and brings maximum benefit? Like many other vitamins, retinol is best absorbed along with certain other vitamins and minerals.

Vitamin E (tocopherol) does not allow it to be deposited in the liver, vitamins of groups B and D contribute to better absorption.

More

On the modern pharmaceutical market, you can find enough drugs that make up for the lack of useful components in the body. is one of the most important biologically active substances that support a full life.

The pharmacological industry produces solutions for local and internal use, powders, dragees, tablets containing retinol acetate. Vitamin A capsules are often prescribed. One of the drugs in this group is Retinol Acetate capsules, it also exists in (oil solution)

The role of vitamin A

Takes part in vital processes in the body. It ensures the maintenance of visual acuity, activates cell growth and division.

Antioxidant properties explain the ability to resist the effects of harmful free radicals. Vitamin A controls metabolic processes, regulates the synthesis of hormones, and is involved in cell renewal.

The ability of retinol to increase the amount of protein produced in bone and cartilage tissue has been proven. The compound prevents keratinization of the outer epithelium, increases the body's defenses.

Sources

To Like other vitamins, retinol enters the body with food. The main source is animal products. The compound is rich in chicken eggs, cream, cheeses, butter. Vitamin A is found in meat and fish by-products.

Part of retinol is synthesized from provitamin A, its precursor. It is found in plant foods. Useful properties of products containing the component are lost under the action of light and during oxidation. Therefore, it is not recommended to use metal utensils for their storage.

With insufficient intake of vitamin A, retinol acetate is prescribed in capsules. Instructions for familiarization are attached to the preparation.

A dosed product containing retinol has maximum efficiency. The active substance enclosed in the shell does not come into contact with the oxygen contained in the atmospheric air. Protects against retinol oxidation in the body.

Therefore, with an insufficient content of it in the body, the absorption of vitamin A is disrupted. The effectiveness of the use of retinol in capsules can also be negatively affected by a deficiency. This is due to a deterioration in the absorption of the vitamin in the small intestine.

When taken orally, the substance is absorbed almost completely. A small part of retinol is excreted in the feces when it is consumed in excess. The component is distributed unevenly throughout the body. Most of it is concentrated in the liver and retina.

When is retinol capsules prescribed?

Preparations containing retinol in capsules are prescribed for the treatment and prevention of beriberi and various diseases. The dosage is selected individually for each patient.

Symptoms of hypovitaminosis A:

• violation of spatial orientation in poor lighting conditions;
• frequent headaches;
• loss of strength, fatigue even with minor loads;
• lack of appetite.

With insufficient content in the body of retinol, the process of hormone production is disrupted. Vitamin A deficiency in women can cause infertility.

The instruction attached to the drug in capsules tells about other indications for use:

• various infectious diseases, including measles, dysentery, acute respiratory infections, diseases of the upper respiratory tract;
• skin diseases: wounds, burns, psoriasis, eczema;
• ophthalmic pathologies;
• rickets;
• diseases of the bronchi, lungs, organs of the gastrointestinal tract;
• mastopathy.

In diabetes, retinol capsules help maintain normal glucose levels. Vitamin A in the form of capsules and in other pharmacological forms is best taken under the supervision of a physician.

Retinol Acetate in the photo:
Dosage

Prophylactic doses are selected depending on age, daily requirement and physiological characteristics of the organism. One capsule with a yellow tint may contain 33,000, 50,000, 100,000 IU. The dosage varies from manufacturer to manufacturer.

The therapeutic dose for an adult is 33,000 - 50,000 IU per day. In some cases, the body must receive 100,000 IU of the active substance per day daily. For children, the daily dose is 1000-20000 IU. It depends on the weight of the child.

Side effects

If you follow the instructions contained in the instructions for use, the risk of side effects is minimal.