Anchor pins in dentistry description. A technique for restoring a tooth using a pin, an overview with a photo. How is the installation of the pin in the tooth. Tooth restoration

An anchor pin (from German anker - anchor) is a metal rod that is used in dentistry to strengthen and restore severely damaged teeth. It serves as an additional support for a filling or a microprosthesis. It is fixed in the root canal of the tooth.

The intracanal pin is a ready-made factory design, it is inexpensive and allows you to quickly (in just 1 session) restore the tooth and return it to its original appearance.

Why anchor pins are needed in dentistry

If the tooth is more than 30% destroyed, it can be filled. But such a filling will not last long - exactly until the first serious test, for example, eating hard food.

Imagine that you are biting off a hard apple or cracker, and at this time you can hear your tooth crunching. Bad situation, right? To prevent this from happening, pins are used.

The rod retainer ensures an even distribution of masticatory loads on hard dental tissues. It restores the functionality of a weak, dilapidated tooth and allows you to fully eat, including roughage in the menu.

Clinical case No. 1: the tooth is destroyed by 30-50%

The best option is to build a crown with a photopolymer composite. doctor drills carious tissues, removes the pulp (dental nerve), and then cleans the canals and treats them with an antiseptic. A pin is fixed in the tooth canal, and a crown is formed around it by layer-by-layer application of the composite. Each layer is illuminated by a halogen lamp.

Clinical case No. 2: the tooth is destroyed by 50-90%

A rod with a supporting element (shoulder) for the crown is used. First, the doctor fixes the pin, and then takes impressions of the patient's teeth. According to them, an individual crown is made in dental laboratory. After about a week, your prosthesis will be ready, the doctor will fix it with cement-glue.

Kinds

Anchor pins are made from platinum, palladium alloys, titanium or stainless steel. They also come in brass and gold plated.

Fasteners vary in shape:

conical;
cylindrical;
cylindrical-conical.

By installation method:

Active.

They have a thread on the surface, are installed by screwing into the dentin (bone tissue) of the root, the method is not the safest, since perforation (damage) of the walls of the tooth root may occur during the installation process.

Passive.

With a smooth surface, they are fixed only due to a layer of cement. The method is considered more gentle.

In addition, each manufacturer (Nordin, Komet, Dentsply Unimetric, etc.) produces pins in the original design and various sizes. There are variations in length (S, M, L) and thickness (from 1 to 6 mm).

Indications and contraindications

Anchor pins are suitable for:

destruction of the crown part of the tooth by more than 30% (due to caries);
large chipped or fractured teeth;
increased abrasion of enamel;
the need to strengthen a weakened tooth after pulpitis treatment.

Mandatory conditions for pin fixation

The presence of hard dental tissues above the level of the gums, at least 2-3 mm from the gingival margin.
The thickness of the wall of the tooth root is at least 2 mm (determined by x-ray).
The channel is sealed, and it is possible to unseal it by 2/3.

You will not be able to install the latch if:

obstruction root canal.
Periodontitis and others inflammatory processes.
The presence of cysts or granulomas.

Installation procedure

Installation of a metal rod takes 30-40 minutes and includes:

Expansion of the basal mouth with a spherical pine forest.
Expansion of the root canal by 2/3 of its length - for this, manual endodontic instruments (reamer, reamer, etc.) are used.
Immersion of the pin into the canal for the entire root part.
X-ray control.
Fixation of the rod with flowable cement or composite material.

Because the nerve is removed before the post is placed, anesthesia is not required.

Main advantages:

they cannot be broken;
affordable price;
service life - about 10 years.

But many doctors believe that anchor fixators are outdated and do not meet modern requirements.

Flaws:

low bond strength;
poor aesthetics - metal pins are not suitable for the restoration of front teeth;
high risk root fracture when installing a metal rod;
difficulties in removing the pin from the canal (if repeated endodontic treatment is required);
metal corrosion may occur.

As an alternative to anchor structures, elastic fiberglass pins are used, which are made from transparent glass fibers. They are considered more perfect and are shown even for the frontal teeth.

The cost of restoring a tooth on an anchor pin

titanium pin - about 500 rubles;
titanium with gilding - about 800 rubles;
tooth extension with a photopolymer - from 2,500 rubles;
metal-ceramic crown- from 10,000 rubles.

The installation of an anchor pin makes it possible to re-"blind" the destroyed tooth and preserve the remaining tissues. But which is better to choose: a cheap metal rod or a more expensive fiberglass retainer? Only your attending physician can answer this question, evaluating all the nuances of the clinical picture.

Absence timely treatment damaged teeth often leads to their progressive destruction. In most of these cases, in order to restore a damaged tooth, an additional support is installed for it - a dental pin. But how effective this procedure and what are the conditions for its implementation?

The pin is a special design, appearance which resembles a rod.

It is placed in the root of the tooth and provides additional support for restorative materials such as crowns and fixed bridges.

The use of pins contributes to the preservation of one's own viable tooth root, the presence of which is an indispensable condition for the procedure. In addition, the cost of installing the pin is much cheaper than the prosthetic procedure.

Video: restoration on pins

Application

Being a fairly old invention, the pins received wide application in the field of restorative dentistry. Today they are used for a variety of procedures.

These include:

prosthetics of teeth with fixed bridges. It is especially important in the absence of the possibility of fixing the prosthesis on adjacent teeth;
restoration of the destroyed crown of the tooth by its extension based on the pin. They are used to strengthen teeth and prevent the formation of fractures with the help of especially durable structures (titanium, metal, etc.);
creation of complex combined structures for splinting teeth. Helps to ensure stable fixation of mobile teeth in periodontitis;
cleaning, removing moisture or drug treatment dental canals, for which special paper points are used, which are characterized by sterility and a high degree of hygroscopicity.

Contraindications

Contraindications for restorative procedures using dental pins include:

blood diseases and nervous system;
damage or inflammatory diseases periodontal;
the presence of cysts and granulomas oral cavity;
caries;
curvature or obstruction of the root canals;
low indicators of the length of the roots, as well as the thickness of their walls;
absence of a tooth crown in the anterior region.

Before dental procedure using pins, you should make sure in advance that there are no contraindications listed above.

A thorough medical examination will reveal the degree of resistance of the tooth root to the planned loads, and will also allow you to measure the thickness of their walls.

Kinds

First of all, the selection of pins should be carried out by the attending physician. Experienced specialist will be able to assess the needs of the patient and choose the most suitable material for each individual case.

The selection of one or another variety is carried out based on several factors:

the degree of destruction of the tooth root relative to the gum.
the degree of the forthcoming load on the restored object and the thickness of its walls.
the maximum possible insertion depth of the pin.
service life of the installed structure.

Today there is a wide choice of dental pins, each of which has a number of specific advantages. So on what grounds can these structures be classified?

By material

Like a conventional filling, a dental pin is made from a variety of materials. All of them differ from each other in the purpose and methods of fixation, as well as indicators of strength and elasticity.

They are a fairly voluminous structure made of alloys based on stainless steel, titanium or precious metals. Designed for the full restoration of extensive destruction of the dental crown, but require a good condition of the root canals.

metal

The most popular are silver metal pins. Designed to restore a large area of destruction and strengthen the crowns of the tooth.

Their advantages include resistance to corrosion, good visualization on x-rays and lack of reactions with the human body.

carbon fiber

The advantage of carbon fiber posts is a high degree of elasticity of the material, close to that of the dentin layer. They prevent the occurrence of fractures of the teeth in the root area and significantly strengthen them.

fiberglass

As a relatively new post material, fiberglass is very popular due to its elasticity and inability to cause allergic reactions.

Fiberglass structures are easily removed if secondary treatment is required and significantly reduce the load on the tooth root.

Video: tooth restoration with pins

Ceramic

Designed to strengthen teeth after treatment, as well as their restoration in case of significant destruction of the crown.

The advantage of ceramics is its aesthetics, as a result of which there is no risk of its translucence through the tooth.

Also, if necessary, it can be removed without violating the integrity of the tooth.

Parapulpal

They are structures made of stainless steel alloy with a polymer coating. Unlike previous designs, parapulpal pins serve as support for the main prosthetic structure and are not installed in the tooth cavity.

Stump tabs

They are the most reliable constructions for the tooth restoration procedure. It is made according to an individual cast of the patient's damaged tooth for subsequent fixation of an artificial crown on it.

Gutta-percha

These are factory-made rods of various sizes, designed to be installed and fixed in the root canal using a composite.

Despite the affordable cost of this material, it also differs in fragility.

By elasticity

In terms of elasticity, elastic and inelastic pins are distinguished.

elastic

The main advantage of elastic pins is the protection of the restored tooth structure from near-root refraction.

Inelastic

Excellent support of the created restorative structure, including bridges.

By type of fixation

According to the type of fixation, dental pins are passive and active.

Passive

Passive pins are used to strengthen teeth after treatment. To do this, they are fixed in the cavity of the root canal with a special substance.

Active

Active pins are used to restore completely destroyed teeth.

Such a pin is the most reliable method of fastening. It is a solid rod fixed in dentin by screwing into bone tissue tooth.

Installation steps

Installation is carried out in several stages:

Thorough cleaning of the root canal.
Introduction to the open channel of the pin rod. An important condition on the this stage is to ensure optimal fixation of the rod by its entry into the bone tissue.
Construction sealing.
Dental prosthetics using a crown or artificial prosthesis.
Testing the reliability of fastening of the structure based on the sensations of the patient. If necessary, it is adjusted by grinding.

Disadvantages of the method

Like any intervention human body, the procedure for restoring decayed teeth using pins has its drawbacks.

These include:

development of complications, as well as intensive destruction of the restored tooth. Is the result of errors made in the process of manufacturing pins;
development allergic reaction up to the rejection of the pin design due to its incompatibility with the patient's body;
secondary destruction of the tooth with no possibility of its re-restoration. It is the result of thinning of the walls of the tooth, experiencing intense stress due to the pin inside;
removal of the tooth root if it is necessary to extract the pin, due to its strong fixation during installation.

Prices

Installation prices largely depend on the material from which it is made and start from 700 rubles.

Frequently asked Questions

What are the most frequently asked, and therefore topical issues potential clients?

How much does it hurt to bet?

Before installing the structure, the tooth is depulpated. And the absence of pulp eliminates the occurrence of pain.

How appropriate is the use?

The installation of these structures makes sense when the tooth crown is destroyed by 2/3 or more. In this case, a well-installed pin will help effective recovery of the destroyed part and strengthening of the tooth.

Why does my tooth hurt after installation?

Despite the fact that the installation of the pin requires the removal of dental nerves, in some cases, patients experience very noticeable pain in the area of the restored tooth.

There are several reasons for the occurrence of pain.

The pain that occurs immediately after the removal of the nerve is natural, its duration can be up to several days. If the pain does not subside, an urgent consultation with a specialist is necessary.
Pain, along with a general deterioration in the patient's condition, redness in the area of the procedure, as well as the development of stomatitis, is the result of the development of an acute allergic reaction to the material used.
Unpleasant sensations may be associated with too deep entry of the pin into the dental canal. This defect can be detected by X-ray.

Whatever the reason, if you experience persistent pain in the area where the pin is inserted, you should consult a doctor.

It is known that due to the development of caries, the tooth can be affected so much that its root can die. Due to the lack of a feeding organ, the tooth begins to gradually weaken, turn yellow and die. Accordingly, its stability is significantly reduced. In order to eliminate this effect, pins are used in dentistry.

They are special inserts that are installed in the dental canal, which significantly strengthens the stability of the organ. For this reason, it is pre-injected during implantation. To date, physicians may suggest using different kinds pins, which can be both factory-made and custom-made.

Main types of pins

Over time, this type of dental appliances has developed rapidly. The emergence of new, innovative materials has allowed the emergence of new types of such structures that dentists offer to install today.

One of the first in the world began to use an anchor pin. It is classified into two types. The first active one is a structure that is screwed into the root system. During such an operation, a number of complications can occur, so they are used extremely rarely. Passive ones are placed in the channel, after which they are poured with a special liquid, which allows it to hold firmly.

After that, fiberglass pins appeared. With their unique structure, they can significantly increase maximum load per channel, thereby improving stability. At the same time, hydrocarbon pins began to gain popularity. They represent a rather expensive material that has low allergenicity, resistance to corrosion, and it is most suitable in composition to natural fabrics.
Also today, quite often dentists use gutta-percha and parapulpal pins.

Anchor pin and all about it

In dentistry, anchor pins have been used for a long time, and today almost every doctor has experience with them. By themselves, they are small metal bolts. Active, respectively, have a thread, when passive ones are created without such an element. Now exists great amount their varieties, which are produced from a variety of different materials. These may be:

Brass;
Titanium;
Stainless steel;
Palladium;
Gold alloys.

Each of them has its own quality indicators, as well as the price. Accordingly, the choice will depend entirely on the financial capabilities of the patient.

The main task of such a device is to replace the destroyed root system, as well as to take on part of the load of tooth stability. They are also able to hold not only the tooth, but also the crown or implant.

Many patients give preference to them due to the fact that they can be installed in just one visit to the doctor, and their price is 2-3 times lower than the stump tabs. Therefore, due to the speed and low cost, they are still quite popular in dentistry.

Advantages and disadvantages

This type has only two advantages over analogues. They are installation speed and low cost. Large quantity no doctor can say pluses, since the reliability of such a design leaves much to be desired.

Among the shortcomings, one can single out the multi-layered design. because of constant pressure hardened cement gradually begins to deform, which leads to the appearance of depressions. Saliva gets into them, after which microorganisms settle there, some of which can cause inflammation or infectious diseases. All this leads to the fact that caries begins to progress again. This fact may also cause bad smell from mouth.

Due to the strong hardness, the pressure on the root is greatly increased, which subsequently leads to deformation of the root canal. At the same time, it was found in dentistry that in more than half of the cases, the installation of such a device requires the destruction of an additional wall of one's own tooth.

Use of titanium pins

Titanium pins have been used in dentistry for 25 years now. Their installation occurs due to the entry of the alloy into the root canal, after which it is poured with special cement. Once the design has hardened, it is completely ready, and all this can be completed in just one visit to the doctor.

Titanium structures have a number of advantages over other materials. At first, it is significantly lighter, which does not create strong pressure on the tooth and relieves some of the discomfort. The increased durability is also appreciated by consumers, which will save time and money from repeated visits to the doctor. Dentists emphasize that such an alloy provides a sufficiently high compatibility of the structure with the biological tissues of the canal, reducing the possibility of allergies and toxicity.

Additionally, such devices are much better protected from corrosion. This allows not only to increase their service life, but also to reduce the chance of complications. Of course, the impossibility of the substance reacting with many other materials can be considered an advantage.

Features of titanium pins

Today, their production has been established in many countries of the world, since the popularity of the design is quite high. There are many types, varieties and forms of such an object. Modern technologies processing allows you to quickly and accurately make a custom-made pin. In turn, this service will facilitate the work of the dentist and increase the reliability of strengthening the tooth.

They are allowed to be installed even in a completely destroyed tooth, but on condition that its root has been extracted. Also, the doctor decides to use it when you need to create a reliable attachment for a denture.

However, this type of construction is not allowed to be used in inflammatory processes, as well as diseases of the blood and nervous system. They are relegated to the background with too thin root canals and when a cyst is detected.

Pin structures are made from various materials and are metallic and non-metallic.

Metal pins can be:

Titanium.
Brass.
From stainless steel.
Gold with impurities of other metals.
Palladium.

Non-metallic structures are:

Fiberglass.
Carbon fiber.
Ceramic.

Types of dental pins

The classification of dental pins depends on the material used and its characteristics:

The anchor rod is made of metal and is installed in an active or passive way.
The fiberglass pin is particularly elastic, which makes it easy to install and possible subsequent removal. In addition, this material is hypoallergenic and does not interact with foreign substances.
Carbon fiber pin constructions have among their advantages an extraordinary elasticity, which allows to reduce the load pressure on the tooth root and does not have a destructive effect on the tooth itself.
The parapulpal one consists of a metal alloy, and is covered with a polymer on top. Mainly used for better grip filling material with the cavity of the tooth.

In addition to materials, tooth posts differ in shape and method of anchoring at the root.

The shape of the pin rods depends on the shape of a single root canal and can be of the following types:

conical;
cylindrical;
cylindrical-conical;
screw.

According to the fixation variations, the pins are divided into:

Active - equipped with a thread, thanks to which it is screwed into the root of the tooth. Used as a support for a full crown.
Passive - fixed in the root canal using special cement. The strength of this design is low, but the passive method of installation is more gentle on the tooth.

What type to offer the patient, the dentist decides after the examination and the necessary research. An x-ray will definitely be taken to make sure that the bone is wide enough, into which the base for the prosthesis will be fixed.

A photo

Indications and contraindications

You can not independently decide on the installation of the pin. To do this, you first need to have evidence for it. These include:

destruction of the dental crown by 50 percent or more;
weakened condition of the tooth after undergoing dental treatment;
the need for prosthetics of the tooth, for which it is necessary to install a support;
extraction of the tooth for the duration of the treatment of the infection and its subsequent return to the hole.

The pin design cannot be installed if there are the following contraindications:

the width of the root canal wall is less than 2 mm;
active carious process in the oral cavity;
insufficient root length;
the impossibility of giving a cylindrical shape to the root canal;
complete destruction of the tooth crown;
violations of blood coagulation, including in women during menstruation;
the period of bearing a child;
mental health disorders;
acute processes in the periodontium;
cyst or granuloma in the mouth.

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Fiberglass pins are an additional reinforcement used when composite restoration, is an analogue of building reinforcement. Composite restoration is performed when less than 50% of the tissues are left of the tooth, and the patient does not have enough money for a crown. To do this, the doctor removes everything carious cavities, gives the crown a certain shape, places a pin in a specially drilled channel and fixes the composite material on this pin.

In general, pins are made from different materials, most often from metal. However, fiberglass pins have several distinct advantages.

Advantages of fiberglass pins

No destruction of the tooth and composite material;
The elasticity of the post coincides with the elasticity of dentin, due to which the fiberglass post forms a single structure with composite cement and tooth tissues. Due to this, the chewing load is distributed evenly over the tooth. In the case of a metal pin, the load is only on certain areas, which leads to tooth fracture.
Fiberglass posts are non-allergenic, unlike metal posts, which often contain nickel and chromium;
Fiberglass posts are opaque and very close to enamel in color. Due to this, a high aesthetic result is achieved and additional masking means are not required, which are far from always effective.
Ease of removal - a fiberglass post is much easier to remove from a tooth than a metal post when needed.

Cons of fiberglass pins

Perhaps, fiberglass pins have only one drawback, but it is quite serious. Doctors calculated that in 15% of cases, the connection of the tooth tissues in the surface of the canal with the fiberglass pin is destroyed, which can completely break off the entire restoration. In this case, the work will have to be done again.

This can be avoided by contacting a highly qualified dentist and using quality material for the pin and its fixation.

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What is a pin and what is it for?

A pin is a dental structure, a kind of needle that serves to fix a destroyed or damaged tooth in the root canals. It allows you to restore the tooth, outer part which is saved by less than 20%.

The main requirements for installing the pin are:

1) Severe or complete destruction of the outer crown.

2) Prevention of the final destruction of hard tissue, especially after the treatment of caries or pulpitis.

3) Creating a support for a bridge or removable prosthesis, provided that the roots are preserved.

Especially often the basis is used for composite restoration. It eliminates most of the shortcomings of this imperfect recovery method. With a pin, restoration will be much easier. It will become a support for a new tooth and will allow it to cope with even the most serious loads. In addition, with a pin, there is no need to use a template and other improvised items to give artificial tooth natural look.

Advantages and disadvantages

The first and main advantage of such a dental structure is the ability to restore hard tissue even with severe destruction. In this case, the tooth itself will remain preserved. It does not have to be replaced by either implants or crowns. The pin will not only save it from removal, but also completely restore its aesthetic and chewing function.

This method completely preserves the root system of the molar or incisor, which eliminates contact foreign object with mucous. For people with intolerances or allergies to certain materials, this is especially important.

Another undoubted advantage is a long service life. Most manufacturers of such products give a guarantee of at least 10 years, but practice shows that the rod can last much longer. At proper care, the absence of excessive load and injuries, the spoke will remain in working order for all 20 years.

The rod is made from a variety of materials. Each of them has its own characteristics: strength, color, cost. You can choose a product that is perfect for a given situation.

Even for translucent ceramic prostheses, there is a support. An ordinary metal needle will not work here, especially if an incisor or canine is being restored. Everyone around will notice an incomprehensible metal object in the prosthesis. To prevent this, a fiberglass pin can be installed. This material has a white tint and will not spoil anything. general form prosthesis. Such aesthetic properties do not affect its stability and strength in any way.

The rod, of course, also has disadvantages. If the operation is performed poorly, caries may develop around it. And until a certain point, neither the patient nor his dentist will guess about its presence: the nerve endings are removed, and external signs hidden under restoration.

The strength of the support spoke in some situations can turn into bad side. With a monotonous continuous load, the rod will not break, but will shift. This is fraught with breakage of the prosthesis and expansion of the hole, which, in turn, leads to severe pain and the need for emergency surgery to remove the pin along with the roots.

Sooner or later, the rod will still exude the walls of the tooth and then it will have to be completely removed and no other methods of tooth restoration will work. Will have to resort to implantation.

A minor, but still worth mentioning drawback is the price. It is, of course, lower than the installation of a crown or prosthetics with implantation. However, such a foundation in a pair hits the pocket hard, especially if several similar structures are needed at once.

What materials are the pins made of?

Conventionally, the rods are divided into two large groups: metallic and non-metallic.

metal pins- the most widespread and demanded group. Support spoke metals include titanium, stainless steel, brass, gold alloys, and palladium. The choice between metals primarily depends on the body's reaction to a particular material.

All of these metals are included in the group of non-allergic substances, however, there are people with a sharp reaction of the body to them. Intolerance to gold is the least common. This metal is closest to our body and is used if the dentist doubts whether the patient can get used to pins from other materials.

Pure gold is never used. It is too soft and will not be able to perform the basic functions of the rod. Therefore, in dentistry, either various gold alloys are used, or bases from other metals are covered with it.

Titanium is more often used for severe tooth decay. This metal is the most durable of the entire list. They serve their owners for at least 10 years. Unfortunately, they are so non-plastic that under load they can damage the socket and the tooth itself.

The remaining metals are used because of affordability, but their relatively low cost does not indicate poor quality. All of them perfectly cope with the assigned tasks.

Non-metallic pins made of fiberglass, carbon fiber and ceramics.

fiberglass structures consist of interwoven glass fibers, fixed together with a special substance. The result is a product of unprecedented lightness and strength. In addition to all this, such pins are classified as flexible or elastic. Due to the prolonged load, they can bend a little and then return to their usual shape. Externally, the rod is translucent and has a white tint. It is excellent for restoring both incisors and molars. This method has become especially popular due to the ability to make the thinnest knitting needle without loss of quality and strength.

carbon pins in recent times are used quite rarely. They are flexible but not strong enough. Along with the creation of more thoughtful solutions, carbon fiber is being forgotten more and more.

Ceramic pins belong to a number of inflexible, but they have a very low limit of elasticity. While the fiberglass will proudly support the load, the ceramic will already break. It is clear that dentists love her far from being strong. Its main advantage is its appearance. This is the material most are made of. fixed dentures. Ceramics perfectly repeats the shade of natural hard fabric. She won't stand out overall picture restoration.

At the moment, these are all materials used for restoration with support rods. In addition to this parameter, products can be divided into types and depending on the method of attachment.

How are pins fixed?

The design is divided into active and passive pins. The classification is determined by the type of attachment.

The active pin has a system of grooves with which it is screwed into the channel. This method can be used if the root canals have not been expanded. For example, after caries treatment, it will be completely useless.

Such a spoke is very firmly held and can serve for decades, but it is not always possible to install it correctly. The dentist needs the utmost care and attention. When installing the rod, additional pressure is created on the tooth, due to which it splits in many cases even before the work is completed.

A passive pin is used to strengthen hard tissue after serious treatment, especially caries. A set of measures to get rid of this disease includes the removal of hard tissue damaged by it. As a result of this procedure, a rather impressive hole remains in the tooth, which cannot be closed with only one basis. A cementing compound is poured into this hole, and then a passive pin is inserted. After the cement has hardened, the restoration can continue. In terms of ease of installation, the passive rod is much higher than the active one, but its strength and flexibility are noticeably inferior.

Perhaps the only thing in which these designs are similar is the same number of contraindications for installation.

Contraindications for pin placement

The rod is a serious dental structure, before the installation of which a detailed survey is carried out and several analyzes are performed. The main objective of this entire study is to identify whether the patient has the following contraindications:

1) Blood diseases, especially those accompanied by poor clotting. For the same reason, such an operation is contraindicated during menstruation. At this time, a woman's body produces a hormone that worsens the main blood parameters.

2) Any diseases of the nervous system.

3) Diseases of the periodontium, a complex of tissues, which include the gum, periodontium, cementum and the alveolar process itself. Problems in any of these tissues can adversely affect the entire treatment.

4) Caries. Before the operation, it must be eradicated. The development of caries around the support pin will lead to the destruction of the entire tooth. The infection can quickly penetrate into soft tissues and lead to a cyst or fistula.

5) Cyst and granulomas are no less dangerous. Moreover, it is necessary to cure the lesions of both the restored and neighboring molars and incisors.

6) Low root wall thickness. Too much big chance that such a root will not withstand the first load. The minimum wall thickness is 2 mm.

Does it hurt to put a pin?

When installing the rod, like during any other complex dental surgery, anesthesia is used. In this case, an injection is enough, and the use of anesthesia is unjustified.

Local anesthesia freezes part of the face. The patient will not feel anything at all, or will only feel what the dentist does, but not pain.

Already based on this, it can be answered that such an operation is completely painless, but this is not the only argument in favor of this answer.

Long before the installation of the rod, the pulp is removed from the root, weaving nerve endings and blood vessels. If any pain is possible during the installation, then they will be insignificant, because that part of the tooth that sends pain signals to the brain is absent.

Pin installation

The operation itself goes like this:

1) Even before it is carried out, the dentist conducts a thorough examination. If any diseases are identified that may complicate the operation or lead to complications, treatment is carried out first.

2) The dentist checks the thickness of the root wall and evaluates the overall condition of the tooth. Based on this, recommendations are made regarding the choice of material and the type of fastening of the rod. The last word still remains with the patient.

3) Often the dentist recommends to carry out before the operation professional cleaning oral cavity. This is done in order to remove deposits on the surface of the molars and incisors, and with them, to reduce the amount of bacteria that can get into the damaged part of the tooth during the operation.

5) An injection is made into the gum near the restored area local anesthesia. After a few minutes, the working area is checked for sensitivity. The operation can be started only if the painkiller has fully worked.

6) The root canal is cleared and, if necessary, expanded. The entire working area is completely treated with an antiseptic.

7) If a passive pin is installed, a cementing compound is poured into the channel.

8) The rod is installed in the channel. It is either twisted or gently immersed inside.

9) The walls between the base and the canal are sealed. The composition is dried under the light of a halogen lamp.

10) If the prosthesis has not yet been made, at this stage all the necessary data can be collected, for example, an impression and a sample of the color of the teeth.

11) If the prosthesis is already ready, it is fixed on temporary cement and perform a rejection test. It lasts at least a week. If everything went well, a crown or other type of prosthesis is fixed already on permanent cement.

12) A day, a week and a month after installation is assigned preventive examination. The dentist will check whether the design has taken root well and whether it is comfortable for the patient. If necessary, the prosthesis will be sent for additional processing.

Rules after installation

Immediately after the operation, the patient cannot return to his usual way of life. For a few more weeks, and in some cases longer periods of time, he must observe the following rules:

2) On the first day, unfortunately, you will have to give up cleaning.

4) Teeth should not be exposed additional load so no nuts or seeds.

5) Follow all doctor's orders.

6) At the appointed time, you need to come for additional examinations.

Are complications possible?

Even if all of the above rules are followed, there is a small chance of complications.

The most dangerous of them is rejection by the body. The first signs of this appear already a few days after the operation. In this case, there are no solutions to the problem, except complete removal pin and replacing it with another product, no.

Thanks to modern developments, rejection occurs in only 5-10% of cases. Much more often after surgery, periodontal disease occurs, inflammation of the ligaments between the tooth and the alveolar process. The reason for this may be the mistakes of the dentist, the thermal effect on the ligament during the expansion of the channels with a drill. Without timely treatment, such a disease will lead to tooth loss.

Complications can also arise through the fault of the patient himself, for example, if oral hygiene is not observed. It is forbidden to brush your teeth only on the first day, but many patients, fearing to hurt themselves, refuse hygiene until complete healing. An infection can get into the vulnerable part, where it will develop safely.

In 90% of cases, swelling and pain are observed after surgery. it common occurrence especially in the first week after installation. Recommended to do cold compress and take painkillers. If these symptoms persist even longer, you should consult a specialist.

Particular attention should be paid to body temperature. She is the first alarm bell and can tell about both rejection and the development of infection. The first day after the operation is still normal. The temperature can simply be brought down. In the future, it is worth sounding the alarm.

How much does the operation cost?

The price depends on the material and type of product. The most expensive are fiberglass. The cost of one rod starts from 1500 rubles. A metal knitting needle can be purchased for 600 rubles, but as you remember, it has a lot of drawbacks.

The price may vary depending on whether a standard pin was used during installation or a custom one was made. A rod made specifically for a hotel patient costs 200-300 rubles more.

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What is a fiberglass post?

A pin of this type has the form of a rod, which reliably strengthens the destroyed tooth and is firmly fixed in the dental canal. This method is indispensable in difficult situations.

At the moment, such products are the most popular. The price for them is quite acceptable, while they are quite elastic and are a good alternative to metal products.

Features of fiberglass pins

Safety. Such designs are better suited to the oral cavity than metal ones;
have special physical properties close to dental tissues. They include special elements, contributing to a reliable connection with them;
The risk of complications after restoration is very low. Unlike fiberglass, metal products sometimes cause tooth fractures.

Pros and cons

Advantages:

Do not cause allergic reactions;
aesthetics of the material. In color, they are very similar to tooth enamel;
It is not necessary to grind the tooth. But to remove the entire structure, if necessary, is much easier than a metal one. At the same time, tissue damage is minimal;
Less commonly, fractures and fractures occur. The load is distributed evenly.

Flaws:

Corrosive properties may be present;
Sometimes it can be difficult to remove from the canal.

Disadvantages can be avoided if the restoration of the tooth using this design is carried out by a competent specialist. At the moment, fiberglass pins are one of the neatest and most right ways dental restoration, which allows you to cope even with fairly strong destruction. Therefore, it is better to choose just such products.

In our polyclinic you will be answered all your questions on this topic and, if necessary, will hold a consultation. You just need to make an appointment, and in the near future our specialists will contact you.

consilium-dent.ru

Restoration of pulpless teeth using pin stump structures. Literature review
Ingrid Peroz, Felix Blankenstein, Klaus-Peter Lange, Michael Naumann

The prognosis of pulpless teeth depends not only on the results of endodontic treatment, but also on the type of restoration of the crown part of the tooth, which includes the decision on the need to use pin structures. For determining fundamental principles restoration of pulpless teeth using pin structures, an analysis of the literature data was carried out. Pins to increase the retention of the superstructure material should be used only when there is little preservation of the hard tissues of the crown part of the tooth, for example, for example, in the presence of one wall or when total absence crown part of the tooth. Great importance has a rim 2 mm high, represented by healthy hard tissues, if necessary, to create it, you can use surgical methods. The length of the post is limited by the need for an adequate apical seal of 4–6 mm. When short pins are used, adhesive luting is preferred. Ceramic posts are more likely to break than fiber posts, and the latter are somewhat easier to remove. The composite is a good restoration material for the superstructure. Pins must be used when using a tooth as a support for removable partial dentures. The principles presented in the article are based on the results of in vitro studies with level IIa or IIb evidence. The results of randomized clinical trials devoted to the study of the issue under discussion have not been published in the literature. It can be assumed that the volume of preserved dental hard tissues is the main factor determining the indications for the use of pin core structures, however, there are no convincing data from clinical studies and in vitro studies to support this hypothesis. Therefore, further prospective studies are needed to obtain objective information regarding this issue. clinical researches. Keywords Key words: endodontically treated teeth, core post constructions, restoration, overview

If the tooth is loose, what can be strengthened

If a tooth is lost, the dentist may suggest that the patient install a dental pin. What is it, what is the installation price, are there any contraindications to it?

The article will give sufficient information on this topic, show photos and reveal possible questions.

What is a dental pin?

Pin - a threaded rod, one end of which is screwed into the root of the tooth, and the other is designed to hold removable or non-removable dentures. This method of building teeth is called pin and is used when the upper part of the tooth is severely destroyed.

The following arguments are given in favor of installing a pin structure:

the installation of the pin makes it possible to restore the beautiful appearance of the destroyed teeth, even the front ones;
the use of a glass fiber post makes it possible to preserve the integrity of the tooth root;
the carbon fiber pin has an elastic structure, due to which the load on the root is distributed evenly, and the rod itself is firmly held in it;
pin teeth are able to fully perform the functions of real ones, while removing the old root is not required;
a tooth extended on a pin will serve its owner for at least 10 years, or even longer.

The use of pins in dentistry also has disadvantages:

installation of the rod in a weakened root often leads to thinning of the walls of the tooth and, in the future, to complete destruction;
when installing the pin in an unprofessional way, there is a risk of the spread of caries;
metal rods are susceptible to corrosion due to interaction with surrounding tissues or various liquids;
if it becomes necessary to remove the pin, it may be necessary to remove it along with the root;
enough high price design affects the decision to install it;
there is a risk of developing individual intolerance to pin materials.

What materials are they made from?

Pin structures are made from various materials and are metallic and non-metallic.

Metal pins can be:

Titanium.
Brass.
From stainless steel.
Gold with impurities of other metals.
Palladium.

Non-metallic structures are:

Fiberglass.
Carbon fiber.
Ceramic.

Each type of material, in turn, has its pros and cons. Before you decide to install a pin rod, it is advisable to know in advance about the advantages of different materials.

Types of dental pins

The classification of dental pins depends on the material used and its characteristics:

The anchor rod is made of metal and is installed in an active or passive way.
The fiberglass pin is particularly elastic, which makes it easy to install and possible subsequent removal. In addition, this material is hypoallergenic and does not interact with foreign substances.
Carbon fiber pin constructions have among their advantages an extraordinary elasticity, which allows to reduce the load pressure on the tooth root and does not have a destructive effect on the tooth itself.
The parapulpal one consists of a metal alloy, and is covered with a polymer on top. It is mainly used for better adhesion of the filling material to the tooth cavity.

In addition to materials, tooth posts differ in shape and method of anchoring at the root.

The shape of the pin rods depends on the shape of a single root canal and can be of the following types:

conical;
cylindrical;
cylindrical-conical;
screw.

According to the fixation variations, the pins are divided into:

Active - equipped with a thread, thanks to which it is screwed into the root of the tooth. Used as a support for a full crown.
Passive - fixed in the root canal using special cement. The strength of this design is low, but the passive method of installation is more gentle on the tooth.

A photo

Indications and contraindications

You can not independently decide on the installation of the pin. To do this, you first need to have evidence for it. These include:

destruction of the dental crown by 50 percent or more;
weakened condition of the tooth after undergoing dental treatment;
the need for prosthetics of the tooth, for which it is necessary to install a support;
extraction of the tooth for the duration of the treatment of the infection and its subsequent return to the hole.

The pin design cannot be installed if there are the following contraindications:

the width of the root canal wall is less than 2 mm;
active carious process in the oral cavity;
insufficient root length;
the impossibility of giving a cylindrical shape to the root canal;
complete destruction of the tooth crown;
violations of blood coagulation, including in women during menstruation;
the period of bearing a child;
mental health disorders;
acute processes in the periodontium;
cyst or granuloma in the mouth.

Most of these contraindications are eliminated over time, and for the rest, you can use other options for tooth restoration.

Dental pin - how is the installation carried out?

Preparation for the installation of pins in dental prosthetics begins with a thorough examination of the patient's oral cavity. If problems are found, the necessary treatment is carried out first. Then everything happens according to this plan:

The patient is given an anesthetic injection, after which he loses sensitivity in the place where the doctor will work.
The dentist clears the root canal, expanding it to right size. Then he pours special cement into it to better fix the pin.
The pin is twisted or simply immersed in the root canal, empty spaces in the gap between it and the walls of the tooth are filled with a polymer composition. Then you need to dry the tooth treated in this way with a halogen lamp.
A tooth prosthesis made in advance is first placed on temporary cement, after which, within a week, the doctor observes how the surrounding tissues react to foreign materials, whether there is any rejection. Convinced of the complete absence adverse reactions, the dentist puts the prosthesis on permanent cement.
The last step is just observation. The specialist periodically monitors how the patient feels with the installed pin, whether it is convenient for him to wear the structure. If necessary, the prosthesis can be further improved by grinding.

Rehabilitation

Since pin extension is quite expensive, it will be good to know in advance how to protect it from damage. In the period of several weeks, or even months after the procedure, the patient will have to follow some recommendations:

it is not advised to eat foods that require active work with the jaws in the first two to three weeks after the pin is installed - the food should be soft or even frayed;
you will have to give up brushing your teeth for a day, however, subsequently, daily double oral care using a brush and toothpaste should become a habit;
it is necessary to ensure that the teeth do not come into contact with anything that can violate their integrity: seeds, nuts, toothpicks, etc.;
you need to visit the dentist at the appointed time and follow his individual recommendations.

Analogues

Restoration of damaged teeth with the help of pin structures justifies itself so well that it is even impossible to name any of its best analogues.

If the pin cannot be installed, a tooth extension can be used using composite polymers. Sometimes the composite is additionally reinforced with flexible ceramics.

Instead of pin extension, it can be used - an individually made-to-order microprosthesis, which is used if for the remaining upper part tooth cannot be crowned.

Video: chatter about dentistry.

Prices

As already mentioned, the price of the restoration procedure using a pin is quite high. The formation of the cost depends on the material used, the shape of the pin, the complexity of manufacturing and installing the denture. If you have to make an individual base for the prosthesis, the price may increase by 200-300 rubles from the cost of a standard pin.

In different regions and clinics, prices may also differ. approximate cost pin design ranges from 400 to 1500 rubles. Despite the high cost, pin extension fully justifies the money invested in it, restoring a healthy appearance and beauty to a smile.