Healing of lacerated wounds. Restoration of tissues by their granulation. Pathological anatomy of lacerations

Skin is a protective shell human body. A wound is a damage to the skin, that is, a defect in the protective shell. No one is immune from this type of injury. Therefore, it is important to know how to provide first aid in the presence of a wound and what measures should be taken in order to avoid consequences.

Causes and consequences of open wounds

Due to mechanical action on the skin sharp objects high risk of an open wound. An open wound is unsafe in any of its forms and can lead to disastrous consequences if the problem is not localized in time. You can get injured at home, at work, during an accident or a walk. The cause of the injury is the impact on the skin with a knife, a fragment, paper or a rupture of the skin during open fracture.

There is no definite data on who is at greater risk of injury, as cuts can be Small child as well as an adult.

The wounds are different from each other, but with improper care even small wound leads to unpleasant consequences. First of all, this severe blood loss, blood poisoning, the risk that an internal organ is damaged, the state of shock in the victim, as well as the development of anemia as a result of bleeding.

It is dangerous for human life and requires medical intervention.

Symptoms and types of open wounds

Symptoms of injury depend primarily on the type of injury. Small scratches that hardly touch the mucous area do not cause concern to people, they quickly heal without the help of specialists, often without even leaving a trace of themselves after a while. But there are varieties of wounds that require heightened attention.

Signs of injury are:

the presence of bleeding;
pain;
mechanical appearance of damage to the skin layer;
lack of proper functioning of the limbs;
skin layer defects.

Wounds are divided into cut, stab and lacerated injuries. Wounds to be received surgically, will be called operational injuries. For each there is characteristics, which will help you choose the method of treatment and therapy.

An incised wound has smooth edges. Just like with other open wounds, bleeding is observed during the cut. It can be severe or moderate depending on the location of the injury.

A lacerated wound is distinguished by jagged edges. For a stab wound, the depth is more important than the width of the wound, since this type is obtained with an awl, rod, or other long object with a sharp edge.

The degree of injury is determined by the depth, width of the wound, as well as the presence of damage not only to the skin. Muscles, tendons, or important internal organs are often affected.

Despite the fact that at first glance the wound seems harmless, the victim may experience severe blood loss, or an infection will get into the wound, which will complicate the therapy procedure. Therefore, first of all, measures should be taken that will reduce the risk of complications.

First aid

An important step in the treatment of an open wound is the provision of first aid to the victim. If there is no one around, you can give first aid to yourself. It is necessary to treat an open wound in order to exclude or reduce the risk of infection entering it, as well as to reduce unpleasant symptoms that occur when an injury occurs. You need to know how to properly treat the wound site.

One of the main points of first aid is the cleansing of the wound from foreign bodies. This is required when there are fragments, bullets or parts of a traumatic object in the damaged area. This should be done only with clean hands or with treated tweezers.

You can treat the tweezers and hands with an alcohol-containing solution, but if this is not available, wash your hands well with soap and water. After foreign objects have been removed, the wound itself should be washed. You only need to rinse clean water. After washing, treatment with a disinfectant composition will be required.

Basically, for these purposes they use: hydrogen peroxide, miramistin, brilliant green, iodine. It is important to consider that it is allowed to treat the edges of the wound with iodine and brilliant green in order to reduce the risk of infection. In the damage itself, their entry should be excluded, since they greatly dry the skin and do not allow to fully receive air for speedy healing.

When the wound was treated next step is a bandage. The bandage should not be applied to an open wound without using a patch, since when the bandage is removed, the bandage will stick to the damaged area, and its removal will cause a lot of inconvenience.

In the case of an open fracture, if fragments of bones are observed from an open wound, you should not try to set them yourself, just cover them with a treated napkin or apply a disinfected cloth and go to a specialist.

If necessary, apply a tourniquet above the wound to stop heavy bleeding, for the same purpose is used cold compress. The tourniquet should not pinch the blood flow too much. In case of bleeding from a vein, a tourniquet is applied below the injury.

It is necessary to minimize the risk of infection in the blood, and also to prevent severe blood loss.

After providing first aid, a visit to the doctor is required.

Treatment of an open injury

Depending on the type of wound, the doctor prescribes the appropriate treatment. The wound may be weeping or purulent. First of all, the doctor directs the patient to pass certain tests. If there is an infection in the body, then the treatment will be different. The use of antibiotics is mandatory, since an injury makes the human body vulnerable to microbes.

Treatment of open wounds mainly requires surgical intervention, but this factor depends on the degree of damage. In order to avoid the development of infection, surgeons recommend vaccinating against tetanus, after which, if there are flaps of the skin on the damaged area, they are removed, and the wound is sutured if necessary.

Such a need arises if the wound does not heal on its own in short term, it is deep or too wide. Vaccination in this case is necessary, so you should not refuse it.

If the victim is diagnosed with an open weeping wound, the task of the doctor is to reduce the amount of discharge. Discharge from the wound promotes healing, but due to their large amount, blood circulation in the vessels worsens. For the treatment of this type of injury, it is required to treat the damaged area and change sterile dressings every 5 hours.

In order to facilitate the removal of bandages, a solution of furacilin is used. After the old bandage is removed, it is required to treat the defective area with a liquid antiseptic. Another way to treat a weeping wound is to use specialized ointments. For example, Streptocid ointment or Fuzidin are suitable. In this case, the ointment is applied together with a bandage or a swab dipped in it is used, and the wound is treated at a certain time.

Purulent wound therapy

The situation is more complicated with the therapy of a purulent wound. The presence of pus in the injured area indicates that an infection has entered the wound. With each treatment of the damaged area, it is required to remove purulent accumulations. In more extensive cases, doctors will install a drain that will allow the pus to be pumped out continuously.

The treatment of such an injury is carried out once a day, using special powders that will help stop the development of the infection further. Trypsin and Chymopsin powders are diluted with novocaine, and bandages are moistened with this solution. Napkins soaked with this composition are laid directly into an open wound. If the injury is too extensive, medicinal powders pour into the wound without the use of napkins.

For each case of a purulent wound, doctors use certain kind therapies and drugs that are suitable for individual case. For example, it is believed that Vishnevsky's ointment helps with a purulent wound if the wound has an identified Staphylococcus aureus, then Baneocin ointment is often used.

If there are no exact indications for its use, then Dioxidin ointment is used. It is considered universal both in the treatment of a simple purulent wound, and in the case of a complicated wound in the presence of infection. It is also possible to use Levomikol or Levosin.

To speed up the healing process, specialists sometimes use nitrogen, as well as ultrasonic waves.

Folk methods of therapy

In the absence of complications, large size or depth of injury, and also in the absence of signs of infection, you can use folk recipes to help the wound heal faster.

If there is a dry, shallow wound suitable remedy prepared from equal proportions of aloe juice, rosehip oil and sea buckthorn oil. You can also use a freshly cut aloe leaf. To do this, cut the sheet along and attach to the wound. This method helps to get rid of pus.

You can wash the injured area with willow bark or a decoction of plantain and St. John's wort.

Sometimes a decoction of chamomile, calamus, eucalyptus leaves, calendula and yarrow is used. To do this, you need to collect all necessary components, pour boiling water over them, then let it brew, and you can wash the wound with them.

You should not use funds without the recommendation of a specialist, you also need to monitor your health and if rashes or other reactions of the body appear, you should abandon the chosen method. Shouldn't be treated serious defect without contacting a specialist.

It is important to remember that any serious injury requires timely provision of qualified assistance.

To do this, if there is a suspicion of serious injury, infection or increased risk for the health or life of a person, you should contact surgeons.

Rehabilitation

Most often, after the treatment, rehabilitation is not required. It is only necessary if the doctor establishes some prohibitions. First of all, this applies to those wounds that are located on the limbs. After therapy, you should not lift anything too heavy, as this can provoke a second rupture of still fragile and not restored tissues.

The regeneration period for each person is different and takes different amount time. During this period, it is better to refuse trips to water bodies and work in places with dust and dirt. These rules should be followed until the complete healing of the injured skin area.

At the same time, one should not forget about regular visits to the surgeon to control the healing process and receive necessary recommendations. Violation of safety regulations during the recovery period threatens with serious consequences.

In order to avoid injury, you need to carefully handle sharp, piercing, cutting objects. Including glass shards. Be sure to follow the safety precautions at work, where you can get this type of damage.

Even a small, at first glance, wound should not be ignored. If the integrity of the skin is broken, this is a reason to consult a doctor. Do not self-medicate in case of serious injuries. At home, you must also observe sterility and caution, even in relation to small defects.

Timely competently rendered first aid, as well as correctly prescribed treatment is a guarantee quick recovery and avoid complications. It is rare for anyone to avoid getting injured, since it is impossible to insure one hundred percent, so you should be careful, and when you get injured, you should not postpone a visit to a specialist.

Probably, every person knows what a wound is: at least once in a lifetime, but everyone received it. Fortunately, in most cases, the case is limited minor damage which, nevertheless, give a quite clear idea of the subject of our article. Even a person who is not a surgeon or at least a physician by occupation must have not only theoretical knowledge of what a wound is, but also practical skills in the initial actions when it is received. AT serious situations, before the arrival of qualified paramedics, they can save a life - not for you, but for someone who, thanks to competent measures, will survive until the ambulance arrives.

What is a wound from a medical point of view

Despite everyone's awareness, let's give some blurry ideas a clearer outline. If we give a more or less scientific definition of what a wound is, then we can say that it is a gaping, visible damage to the skin (often to deeper tissues of the human body). It is accompanied by a number of symptoms. General ones include:

Bleeding varying degrees expressiveness.
Mandatory pain.
Visual observation of the source of blood flow.

Local or private are:

Severe anemia, that is severe loss blood. Common symptom it cannot be called, because with minor damage or quickly measures taken she doesn't come.
Shock. It also accompanies not all wounds. Accompanies mainly deep and / or extensive damage.
Infection - characteristic of individual or illiterately treated lesions.

Other, more rare, symptoms may also occur. Any open wound (except perhaps the most minor) can lead to extremely backfire. Therefore, such injuries require increased attention and indispensable medical supervision.

Types of injuries by tissue disorders

The forthcoming wound treatment is fully determined by a number of its characteristics. The first of these is how much damage has affected the internal membranes lining the peritoneum, the membranes of the brain, any joint or pleura. Here are distinguished:

Penetrating wounds, in which the integrity of one of the mentioned membranes is broken.
Non-penetrating, touching only the skin and upper muscle layer.

The first type is more dangerous: an open wound of this type heals longer and requires integrated approach to treatment. Penetrating wounds with damage are considered the most severe internal organs- one or more.

Types of wounds by the presence of infection

A very important factor that largely determines the course of further treatment. Any wound - on the leg, arm, head or torso - can be classified into one of three groups:

Types of injuries by origin

The most extensive classification relates to the mechanism of obtaining a wound and the type of object that caused it.

Stab wound. Its inlet is small in diameter, but the wound channel is long, albeit narrow. It is usually applied with sharpening, a nail or an awl. The most dangerous is considered due to high probability damage to the viscera and the development of infections due to poor access to oxygen.
Sliced, on the contrary, is shallow, with a rather large entrance. Application tool - knife or razor. If not hurt large vessels and viscera, such wounds heal faster than others.
Chopped is applied with sharp and heavy objects like an ax. Injuries are extensive, severe, often accompanied by bone fractures and fragmentation.
A laceration caused by sliding an uneven blade along the body with simultaneous pressure is very difficult to treat. May be accompanied by partial loss of cover and underlying tissues.
have a number of features caused by the type of weapon (shot, bullet, fragment) and the degree of damage. The lightest are tangents, in which the bullet does not get inside, but only rips off the surface tissue layer. To the most severe - blind, in which the bullet remains inside the body.

Key to successful recovery

The main treatment for a wound more serious than a scratch will be prescribed by a doctor. However, in order for it not to drag on for too long, primary measures must be taken. These include:

Immediate If the wound is on the leg or arm, a tourniquet is applied; if there is a pressure bandage on the body or head.
Aseptic dressing, which will block the access of infection to open tissues.
Immobilization of the affected part of the body: fixation of the limb pressed to the body, if the wound is on the arm, the imposition of a splint on the legs, etc.
Anesthesia (if possible). It will prevent the occurrence of shock, which often ends in cardiac arrest, especially in the elderly.

If all these measures are taken, even minimally, in further treatment wounds will go where more successful.

Why Wounds Don't Heal

However, there are often cases when forecasts about which were quite optimistic. In most cases this is caused objective reasons, among which:

Diabetes. In people suffering from this disease, even small scratches do not heal well. This is caused by the fact that high content sugar gradually destroys capillaries, which impairs blood circulation in the limbs and tissues, the situation with their nutrition becomes more complicated, and it becomes more difficult for them to regenerate.
Obesity can be considered a special case of the previous case. The abundance of body fat makes it difficult to get to damaged tissues food, which is why their recovery is significantly delayed.
Anemia is a continuation of the same theme. "Weak" blood is not able to sufficiently nourish the tissues essential substances. This also includes the general weakening of the body, including - and caused by all sorts of diets.
Skin diseases such as eczema, dermatitis of various origins and psoriasis prevent the rapid healing of wounds.

A separate item can be taken out immunodeficiency and cancer diseases. Here, wound treatment should be carried out by the efforts of doctors of various specializations.

How to speed up healing

In order to prevent a situation in which one has to find out why a wound does not heal, in most cases it is enough to zealously follow primitive hygiene rules.

Change dressings regularly (at least 2 times a day).
Periodically disinfect the skin around the injury (as directed by the physician).
Vigilantly monitor the sterility of the instruments used.
Properly choose (taking into account the recommendations of the doctor!) Wound healing drugs.

Features of lacerations

Especially a lot of trouble and anxiety delivers any lacerated wound. It heals badly, certainly requires medical intervention and a long time. The main problem of their treatment is disfiguring scars that remain for life. Therefore, if the wound is large and in a prominent place, conservative method(overgrowth secondary tension) prefer surgery. When using it, torn edges under anesthesia or anesthesia are excised before healthy, intact tissues. Next, a suture is applied, close to cosmetic; at the same time, the lacerated wound heals many times faster, and the scars remain almost invisible - provided that you do everything as the surgeon ordered, do not be self-willed and show patience, even when experiencing nervous tension.

Ointment for treatment lacerations
(drug with powerful regenerative action )

Stellanin - quickly clears the wound
Significantly speeds up healing

Treatment of lacerations is always difficult medical problem. The walls of such wounds are uneven, the edges of the wound are disconnected and far apart from each other. Almost every laceration terms treatment is delayed, and this is fraught with many complications.

For treatment, it is necessary to use drugs with a powerful antimicrobial and regenerative effect in order to prevent infection and suppuration from developing.

So what if:
a) The laceration was received recently.
b) The wound was received a few days ago, but healing does not occur, suppuration has begun.

a) A recent laceration

Stop the bleeding, treat the wound with a 3% hydrogen peroxide solution, grease the edges of the wound with iodine (or alcohol). If possible, see a doctor for debridement.
If this is not possible, then all measures must be taken so that the wound does not fester, the inflammation does not spread to adjacent tissues.

For treatment of lacerations applied ointment Stellanin, developed jointly with scientists from the Institute of Surgery. Vishnevsky (Moscow) and Russian Academy sciences for the treatment of wounds of the skin and soft tissues inespecially difficult cases.

Along with a pronounced antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory effect, Stellanin ointment is currently the only drug with STRAIGHT stimulation regeneration processes.

b) A lacerated wound was received a few days ago and its suppuration began

If possible, consult a doctor, he will perform surgical treatment of the wound. If this is not possible, then for getting rid of a festering wound recommended ointment Stellanin-PEG.

Thanks to the hydrophilic excipient (polyethylene glycol), which is part of the Stellanin-PEG ointment, the wound quickly cleared of purulent contents. Simultaneously eliminated pathogenic microorganisms, inflammation is blocked, regeneration is stimulated.

Note #1:When treated with Stellanin-PEG ointmentextensive lacerationsthere is a rapid drying of the wound, which affects the affected nerve endings. To get rid of possible pain, it is recommended to treat the wound with a solution of Lidocaine before applying the ointment. Open the ampoule and moisten the surface of the wound, allow the preparation to be absorbed and then apply Stellanin-PEG ointment.

Note #2: At the final stage of treatment (when the wound has cleared of pus and inflammation has been eliminated)use Stellanin ointment 3%. Vaseline, which is part of the ointment, softens the newly formed skin, and the active pharmaceutical substancestimulates the restoration of damaged tissues.

Stellanin - a drug with a powerful regenerative effect

First of all, Stellanin has the widest antimicrobial spectrum actions - it is active against bacteria, fungi and viruses. Stellanin can be prescribed for any infection and be confident in the effectiveness of treatment, because. its action extends to gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, anaerobes, fungi, viruses, "atypical" bacteria, protozoa.

It is especially important that all pathogens wound infection do not possess to Stellanin neither natural nor acquired resistance.

And most importantly, we succeededovercome processes that inhibit cell divisionin a big wound. Stellanin directly activates regeneration(both by stimulating the expression of genes of vascular growth factors VEGF-A and VEGF-B, and by multiple activation of mitochondrial functions, which leads to an increase in the energy supply of cells and tissues).

High efficiency the drug was confirmed by leading Russian scientists:

"Already in the first day treatment of wounds with Stellanin-PEG ointment, there is a positive trend in the healing process, inflammation decreases ... Young cells with a high level of metabolic processes". From the Report approved by the Director of the Institute of Surgery. A.V. Vishnevsky academician of RAM H V.D. Fedorov.

Conducted at the Research Institute of Surgery. A.V. Vishnevsky study showed that during the treatment festering wounds ointment Stellanin-PEG2.4 times faster sprouting of capillaries increases by 7.5 times the number of fibroblasts in the wound - the main cells involved in the restoration of damaged skin.

According to the combination of properties, today Stellanin-containing ointments have become the best drugs for the treatment of complex wounds, as evidenced by high level their clinical effectiveness.

Reviews about the treatment of wounds with Stellanin

– Hello. Thank you very much. The treatment has almost passed (a small scab remained on the wound). The wound did not heal for a long time, it was about 6 cm long and 1 cm wide. Now everything is almost overgrown, a huge THANK YOU to the developers of ointments (I used two: Stellanin and Stellanin-PEG). Stellanin took 1.5 tubes, and St. Peg - half. Sincerely and Best wishes O.L.

Oleg Leonidovich B. (St. Petersburg)

Drug Effects STELLANIN ® :

BLOCK INFLAMMATION - interferes with the synthesis of inflammatory mediators - prostaglandins. As a result of a decrease in the level of these mediators, inflammatory process , eliminated pain and swelling.
RESTORES BLOOD SUPPLY OF AFFECTED TISSUES – Stellanin activates vascular growth factors vegf-A and vegf-B (rapidly restores damaged blood vessels in the wound).
STIMULATES SKIN REGENERATION – C tellanin repeatedly activates the function of mitochondria and increases their size. This mechanism determines the direct effect of Stellanin onwound healing,regeneration of healthy skin.
HAS HIGH ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY in against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, as well as aerobic and anaerobic microorganisms.

The basic principle of treating open wounds is to restore the regenerative function of the skin - nature is so arranged that skin cells are capable of certain conditions self-repair. But this is possible only if there are no dead cells- this is the essence of the treatment of open wounds.

Stages of treatment of open wounds

Treatment of open wounds in any case involves the passage of three stages - primary self-cleaning, inflammation and granulation tissue repair.

Primary self-cleaning

As soon as a wound occurs and bleeding opens, the vessels begin to narrow sharply - this allows the formation of a platelet clot, which will stop the bleeding. Then the narrowed vessels expand sharply. The result of this "work" blood vessels there will be a slowdown in blood flow, an increase in the permeability of the walls of blood vessels and a progressive swelling of soft tissues.

It was found that such a vascular reaction leads to the cleansing of damaged soft tissues without the use of any antiseptic agents.

Inflammatory process

This is the second stage wound process, which is characterized by increased swelling of soft tissues, the skin becomes red. Together, bleeding and inflammation provoke a significant increase in the number of leukocytes in the blood.

Tissue repair by granulation

This stage of the wound process can also begin against the background of inflammation - there is nothing pathological in this. The formation of granulation tissue begins directly in the open wound, as well as along the edges of the open wound and along the surface of the closely located epithelium.

With time granulation tissue reborn into a connecting, and completed this stage will be considered only after a stable scar forms at the site of the open wound.

Distinguish between the healing of an open wound by primary and secondary intention. The first option for the development of the process is possible only if the wound is not extensive, its edges are brought close to each other and there is no pronounced inflammation at the site of injury. And secondary tension occurs in all other cases, including purulent wounds.

Features of the treatment of open wounds depend only on how intensively the inflammatory process develops, how badly the tissues are damaged. The task of doctors is to stimulate and control all the above stages of the wound process.

Primary treatment in the treatment of open wounds

Before the victim seeks professional medical care, it is necessary for him to thoroughly wash the wound antiseptics- this will be a complete disinfection of an open wound. To minimize the risk of wound infection during treatment, hydrogen peroxide, furatsilin, a solution of potassium permanganate or chlorhexidine should be used. Around the wound, the skin is treated with brilliant green or iodine - this will prevent the spread of infection and inflammation. A sterile dressing is applied on top of the open wound after the described treatment.

It is on how correctly the initial cleaning of the open wound was carried out that the speed of its healing depends. If a patient comes to the surgeon with stab, incised, lacerated open wounds, then in without fail he undergoes specific surgical treatment. Such a deep cleaning of the wound from dead tissues and cells will accelerate the healing process.

As part of primary processing open wound surgeon removes foreign bodies, blood clots, excised uneven edges and crushed tissue. Only after that, the doctor will suture, which will bring the edges of the open wound closer, but if the gaping wound is too large, then the sutures are applied a little later, when the edges begin to recover and the wound heals. After such treatment, a sterile bandage is applied to the injury site.

Note:in most cases, a patient with an open wound is given anti-tetanus serum, and if the wound was formed after an animal bite, a vaccine against.

The entire described process of treating an open wound reduces the risk of infection and the development of complications (gangrene, suppuration), and accelerates the healing process. If the treatment was carried out on the first day after the injury, then no complications and severe consequences not expected.

How to treat a weeping open wound

If there is an open wound excess amount serous-fibrous exudate, then surgeons will take measures to treat an open weeping wound. In general, such copious discharge have a beneficial effect on the healing rate - they additionally clean the open wound, but at the same time, the task of specialists is to reduce the amount of exudate secretion - this will improve blood circulation in the most small vessels(capillaries).

When treating weeping open wounds, it is important to change sterile dressings frequently. And during this procedure, it is important to use a solution of furacilin or sodium hypochlorite, or treat the wound with liquid antiseptics (miramistin, okomistin and others).

To reduce the amount of secreted sero-fibrous exudate, surgeons use dressings with 10% aqueous solution sodium chloride. With this treatment, the bandage must be changed at least 1 time in 4-5 hours.

A weeping open wound is also treated with the use of antimicrobial ointments - the most effective will be streptocid ointment, Mafenide, Streptonitol, Fudisin gel. They are applied either under a sterile dressing or on a swab, which is used to treat an open weeping wound.

Xeroform or Baneocin powder is used as a drying agent - they have antimicrobial, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory properties.

How to treat an open purulent wound

It is an open purulent wound that is most difficult to treat - it is impossible to prevent the spread purulent exudate to healthy tissues. To do this, the usual dressing turns into a mini-operation - it is necessary to remove the accumulated pus from the wound with each treatment, most often drainage systems are installed so that the pus is provided with a constant outflow. Each treatment, except for the indicated additional measures, is accompanied by the introduction into the wound antibacterial solutions - for example, Dimexide. To stop the necrotic process in an open wound and remove pus from it, specific agents are used in surgery - Trypsin or Chymopsin powders. A suspension is prepared from these powders by mixing them with novocaine and / or sodium chloride, and then sterile wipes are impregnated with the resulting agent and filled directly into the cavity of an open purulent wound. In this case, the bandage changes once a day, in some cases, medical wipes can be left in the wound for two days. If a purulent open wound is characterized by a deep and wide cavity, then these powders are poured directly into the wound, without the use of sterile wipes.

In addition to such a thorough surgical treatment of an open purulent wound, the patient must be prescribed antibacterial drugs() orally or by injection.

Features of the treatment of purulent open wounds:

After cleaning the open wound from pus, Levosin ointment is injected directly into the cavity. it medicine It has antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects.
For medicinal dressings in the treatment of an open wound with purulent contents, Levomikol ointment and Synthomycin liniment can be used.
Ointment Baneocin will be most effective in the treatment of open wounds with identified, Nitacid ointment - in the treatment of wounds with diagnosed anaerobic bacteria, Dioxidine ointment generally refers to universal remedy- effective in most types of infections, including against and pathogens of gangrene.
Most often, in the treatment of open purulent wounds, surgeons use ointments based on polyethylene oxide, from vaseline / lanolin modern medicine refuses in this case.
Vishnevsky's ointment helps to get rid of pus in an open wound - it dissolves infiltrates, and increases blood flow in the wound. This drug is applied directly to the wound cavity 1-2 times a day.
When treating a patient with an open festering wound in a medical institution, detoxification therapy is necessarily prescribed and carried out.
Ultrasound or liquid nitrogen may be used to speed up the wound healing process in the hospital.

Creams and ointments for treating wounds at home

If the damage is minor, there is no large cavity, then such open wounds can be treated at home with the help of various ointments. What experts recommend to use:

Folk remedies for open wounds

If the wound is not wide and deep, then some folk remedies can be used to speed up its healing. The most popular, safe and effective include:

aqueous solution - it helps with weeping open wounds;
a decoction based on flowers, eucalyptus leaves, garden raspberry sprigs, calendula flowers, St. John's wort, heather, elecampane, yarrow, calamus root and comfrey;
aloe juice remedy sea buckthorn oil and rosehip oil (everything is mixed in equal proportions) - effective in the treatment of shallow open and dry wounds.

Note:before use folk remedies when treating open wounds, it is necessary to make sure that the victim is not allergic to any of the indicated medicinal plants.

The treatment of open wounds is best left to professionals - surgeons will be able to determine the onset of development in time infectious process, pick up effective treatment. If a decision is made to dispense with therapy at home, then it is necessary to carefully monitor the condition of the victim. In case of appearance elevated temperature body, pain at the site of injury of unknown etiology, you must urgently seek professional medical help - it is quite possible that a dangerous infectious process is progressing in the wound.

A lacerated wound is a traumatic injury soft tissues as a result of the tearing effect of any blunt mechanical damaging factor.

For most people, there is no significant difference between wounds. However, from the point of view of medicine, and traumatology in particular, there is a huge difference between various wounds. This difference primarily depends on how long the wound takes to heal, and what potential complications are expected during the healing period.

Slightly digressing from the topic, I would like to note one very important thing, understanding which it becomes clear why one wound heals quickly, and the other for weeks, or even months.

There are two main types of wound healing: healing by first intention and healing by secondary intention.

Healing by primary intention- this is the most favorable type of wound healing, in which the edges of the wound are even, close to each other and, when in contact, fit snugly against each other. There are no blood clots, infection or bleeding in the wound. In this case, the edges of the wound seem to stick together themselves. Wound healing by primary intention occurs within 7-10 days from the date of its receipt. After its healing, there is no rough scar and any serious complications. A typical example of such healing is incised wound such as a knife or blade.

Wound healing by secondary intention- this is a type of wound healing, in which the edges of the wound are uneven, far apart from each other. The healing of such wounds usually occurs as if from the inside by gradually filling with young tissue. This tissue is discussed in detail in the article wound granulation. The duration of healing of such wounds is long and varies greatly depending on the size of the wounds. It can reach several weeks and even months and in most cases ends with the formation of a rough keloid scar. A typical example of such healing is any laceration.

What is a lacerated wound, and what are its features of healing?

The wound is called mechanical injury in which damage occurs to either the skin or mucous membranes. In the vast majority of cases, the wound is characterized by a violation of the integrity skin human body. A typical example of a torn is a rupture of the skin and deep tissues when they are overstretched, for example, when a limb gets stuck in any mechanisms or a rupture of the perineum during childbirth, and so on.

As a rule, the wound at the same time has uneven edges with many hemorrhages and necrosis of the edges of the skin. Without treatment, such a wound heals by secondary intention, i.e. for a long time, often accompanied by suppuration and in most cases leaves behind a rough scar.

There are two main methods of treating lacerations.

1) conservative method- it consists in performing banal dressings until the wound is completely healed. The wound heals by secondary intention. This type of treatment is acceptable only for small lacerations. In this case, the wound is most often treated with a 3% hydrogen peroxide solution, its edges are smeared with iodine or alcohol, and a bandage with an antibacterial-based ointment is applied to the wound itself, for example, Levomekol ointment. This is discussed in more detail in the publication on ointments for rapid wound healing. With extensive lacerations, the duration of treatment is delayed and is fraught with the complications described above. That is why a different type of treatment is used to treat such wounds, such as:

2) Surgical treatment of the wound. The essence of this method of treatment is as follows. depending on the size of the wound or local anesthesia, or under anesthesia, torn and uneven edges of the wound are cut out with a scalpel (or, more correctly, excised) within healthy tissues. In this case, the edges of the wound become smooth and even, when they approach, the edges of the wound fit snugly against each other. Per additional information refer to the PST material of the wound (primary debridement). Most often, after surgical treatment of lacerated wounds, they are sutured with sutures applied to the skin, after which, in the absence of complications, they heal much faster, on average in 7-10 days (wound healing after surgical treatment occurs by primary, not secondary intention).

In conclusion, I would like to note that, regardless of the size of the laceration, with the exception of very small ones, the most favorable method treatment in terms of recovery and prevention of complications - surgical treatment of the wound. Moreover, the likelihood of complications directly depends on the timing of its implementation. To paraphrase the above, we can say the following - the earlier the surgical treatment of the wound is performed, the fewer complications are expected in the future and the Great chance its healing in terms of up to 10 days without the formation of rough scars.

That is why, in the presence of any lacerated wound, it is necessary on the very first day from the moment of its receipt to contact either the trauma center or the duty surgeon or traumatologist, depending on the profile medical institution to which you are applying.