Is it possible to get a medical examination? Is it necessary to undergo a medical examination: the concept, the necessary doctors, mandatory procedures, the detection of the disease and whether it is worth refusing. Where do I need to go to get a medical examination?

Clinical examination is a periodic free medical examination aimed at preventing and identifying the most common diseases in the population. According to the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, in Russia the main causes of high mortality are cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus, bronchopulmonary pathologies and oncology.

On January 1, 2013, the law “On approval of the procedure for medical examination of certain groups of the adult population” came into force. The law defines the rules for passing medical examinations.

How often do you need to undergo a medical examination? Every person over the age of 21 can undergo a medical examination every three years at the clinic where he is served (at the place of residence, at the place of work or study). You must be attached to the selected clinic, have a valid MHI policy and a passport.

Categories of citizens

Children, veterans of the Second World War, the disabled, students and working citizens can undergo a medical examination annually. The last two categories can be examined in medical institutions at the place of work / study.

However, both a working and a non-working citizen has the right to undergo medical examination at his own request in a polyclinic at the place of residence / registration.

A working citizen has the right to take the required number of days off, and the employer does not have the right to refuse him. According to the law "On the Fundamentals of Protecting the Health of Citizens in the Russian Federation", the employer is obliged to provide the necessary conditions for the employee to visit medical institutions, regardless of the schedule or workload.

Where to begin

First you need to contact the reception of the clinic or make an appointment with your local therapist. If you are of the right age to undergo medical examination this year, then you will be prompted when and where to come at a certain time. Until the age of 39, the medical examination procedure is somewhat simplified if no pathology is detected. In general, the examination takes about 3-5 hours, you will have to come to the hospital a couple of times.

The screening takes place in 2 stages:

Questioning, primary examination of the therapist, fluorography, delivery of basic tests.
Identification of diseases and subsequent full examination.

In addition, each person has the right to a reduced preventive examination every 2 years.

If any disease or suspicion of it is detected, the patient undergoes a full medical examination and is sent for treatment.

During the medical examination, a person may refuse to undergo certain procedures and examinations, if this does not contradict Part 9 of Article 20 of the Federal Law “On the Fundamentals of Protecting the Health of Citizens in the Russian Federation” dated November 21, 2011. But then the patient takes full responsibility.

Medical examination goals

During the medical examination, doctors identify the most common diseases in our country and predisposition to them. According to statistics, more than 75% of the population suffers from these diseases. Therefore, it is so important to diagnose the disease in time and prescribe prompt treatment or carry out appropriate prevention.

What diseases and pathological conditions are amenable to early diagnosis?

Cardiovascular diseases (hypertension, stroke, ischemia, myocardial infarction, cerebrovascular diseases);
blood cholesterol level;
anemia;
malignant tumors;
diabetes;
gastritis, gastrointestinal ulcers;
bad habits (nicotine, alcohol, drugs);
hypodynamia (low physical activity);
overweight, obesity;
glaucoma;
pulmonary pathologies (tuberculosis, neoplasms).

What analyzes and studies does medical examination involve?

It all depends on age and general health. It may turn out that you are a completely healthy person leading a healthy lifestyle. During the initial examination and questionnaire, the therapist will assess your general condition and either refer you for further examination or let you go home.

In general, the medical examination includes the following tests and examinations:

Filling out a questionnaire (a survey aimed at identifying hereditary and acquired diseases).
Measurement of height, weight, calculation of body mass index.
Measurement of blood pressure.
General or biochemical blood test (by referral).
General urine analysis.
Fecal occult blood test (for those over 45).
Electrocardiography.
Fluorography of the chest organs.
Examination by a paramedic and gynecologist, taking swabs (for women).
Ultrasound of the abdominal organs.
Analysis for the level of prostate-specific antigen - PSA (for men over 50 years old).
Measurement of intraocular pressure (for those over 39 years old).
Examination by a neurologist (for people over 50).
Inspection and consultation of the therapist, recommendations.

As usual everything goes

Below we will tell you how to undergo a medical examination at the clinic at the place of residence, how long it takes, how the procedures are carried out.

On the first day of your visit to the therapist, you are given a questionnaire with 45 questions. Try to answer them honestly, so you will help the doctor to make the right examination plan. Then the therapist conducts an initial examination, measures weight, height, pressure and issues a referral for fluorography and general blood and urine tests. If you have recently taken an X-ray of the lungs (permissible 1-2 times a year), then this item can be omitted.

As a rule, for those who undergo medical examinations, examinations and tests are organized without queues. Therefore, these procedures will not take much time. Women are examined by a gynecologist, men by a paramedic. Those who have completed these basic procedures can go home.

After a few days, the results of the tests are ready, you should visit the therapist again, who will make a conclusion and give recommendations regarding the prevention of diseases.

If suddenly there are any violations in the work of the organs, then additional examinations will be required. That's all. Now you can be sure of your health. Two or three days are worth our peace of mind, isn't it?

Preparation for testing

Of course, you need to prepare for analyzes and some examinations so as not to get wrong results. You can always ask your local therapist about the full rules of preparation. In general, the rules are:

For urine and stool tests, you need to purchase special containers at the pharmacy and sign them.
A blood test is taken on an empty stomach. On the day of the test, do not eat breakfast, do not exercise and do not be nervous.
Do not eat beets, carrots, legumes at least a day before taking a urine test: these vegetables can give urine an unnatural color and increase protein.
For urine analysis, the middle of the morning portion is collected after careful hygiene of the genital organs.
During menstruation, you should not take a urine test and do not take smears.
Before visiting the gynecologist and urologist, you should refrain from sexual activity for several days.
Try to deliver the urine to the laboratory within 1.5 hours of collection. The urine container should be at room temperature. Make sure that cooling does not occur, this affects the appearance of sediment.
Before passing the analysis of feces, you should not eat apples, sweet peppers, white beans, spinach, cucumbers, horseradish, cauliflower for three days. These vegetables and fruits are high in iron, which can lead to incorrect test results.
If you have already taken any tests this year, then take the papers with you to show the doctor.

Don't skip your screening. A free medical examination will help identify diseases at an early stage of development or prevent their occurrence.

Since May 6, 2019, the rules for clinical examination have changed: it is carried out more often, and there are more examinations. This article is partially outdated. About how to check your health for free from 2019,

Since this year, the Ministry of Health has approved a new procedure for medical examination of the population. It was carried out before, but now something has changed: uninformative tests have been removed, the list and frequency of examinations have been adjusted, and new diagnostic methods have been added. But the main thing has not changed: it is still free, including consultations of doctors, tests and examinations.

The old dispensary order no longer works. Here are the conditions currently in place.

What is screening and why is it needed?

Ekaterina Miroshkina

economist

Clinical examination is a preventive examination. You may not complain about anything and are not sick with anything, but you go to the doctor for prevention. They examine you, do tests, conduct examinations. As a result, it may turn out that you are healthy - and that's good.

But there may be some deviations that so far do not manifest themselves. For example, this happens with diabetes.

During the examination, these deviations will be detected, and it will be possible to correct the lifestyle or diet in time. Or start taking medication to prevent the development of the disease. If you go to the doctor when you can no longer endure, the treatment can take longer and be much more expensive.

In order to motivate people to undergo examinations and maintain their health, the state came up with a free medical examination. This helps to save not only your money, but also budget money: prevention is cheaper for the state than treatment. As long as you are healthy, you can work longer, pay more taxes, and take care of your family yourself.

How much does it cost

For people, all consultations, analyzes and examinations are free - at the expense of the state. As part of the medical examination, you can even undergo examinations that do not do without a doctor's prescription or complaints. And in a paid medical center, they cost a lot of money.

Who can get a free medical examination

Specifically, this order of the Ministry of Health applies to adults - those who are over 18 years old. For children, medical examinations are organized by kindergartens and schools.

All adults can be screened, whether they work or not. Provided that there is a policy.

A free medical examination is carried out every three years. But not when the person himself wants, but in the year when he turns 21, 24, 27, 30, 33, 36, 39, 42, 45, 48, 51, 54, 57, 60, 63, 66, 69, 72 , 75, 78, 81, 84, 87, 90, 93, 96, 99 years old. If you are as old as this list in 2018, you are in business. Even if the birthday is in six months, you can already undergo a medical examination now. That's how it works.

What examinations can be done for free

It depends on age and gender. A specific list is in Appendix No. 1 and paragraphs 13 and 14 of the order of the Ministry of Health. You can see what examinations will be done for you or your parents.

For example, fluorography is done for everyone at any age, and ECG for men only from the age of 36. Women will be able to get mammograms from the age of 39, and their intraocular pressure will be measured only from 60. The analysis for cholesterol and glucose will be done by everyone.

The dispensary consists of two stages. At the first stage, questionnaires, general examinations and examinations are carried out. The doctor will find out what risks a particular person has, taking into account his gender, weight, diet, lifestyle and heredity.

Based on the results of the survey and primary examinations, the doctor will determine the health group, risks and preliminary diagnoses. If necessary, additional consultations with specialized doctors and procedures will be scheduled at the second stage. Their list is also in the table.

How long will it take? Need to queue up?

The check-in may take less time than you think. But for one visit to the doctor, it will definitely not work to pass all the examinations.

The first visit may take 3-6 hours. This will include questionnaires, consultations and surveys of the first stage. They can be distributed over several visits, taking into account your wishes and the working hours of doctors.

The second stage takes up to 6 days. There are more doctors and examinations. But this does not mean that you need to go to the clinic for a week. Simply visits to doctors can appoint or nominate for different days.

An electronic record can be used for medical examination. On your first visit, you will be given referrals to doctors and examinations. If you sign up for a specific time, it will be easier.

It is best to start the medical examination in the morning and come immediately on an empty stomach and with tests, so as not to transfer the visit to the next day. If everything is in order with your health, the second stage may not be. And if you still need the second stage, then you didn’t come in vain.

I want to get screened. What should I do?

If you are scheduled for medical examination this year, call the clinic or go to its website. Usually the referral to the medical examination is given by the local doctor. Sign up with him online.

There is no specific order on how to get a referral in the law. Maybe in your clinic, for convenience, medical examinations are carried out on specific days. Or the referral is given by a special doctor who is busy only with this. Find out - it will take a couple of minutes, but clarity will appear.

Fill out the questionnaire in advance so as not to waste time with the doctor. Do not hide diagnoses and complaints, write as it is.

Prepare for your visit to the clinic. Pages 76-78 of the recommendations from the MOH have helpful information about the process and preparation.

It needs to be taken from work. Who will let me go?

You must be released. In health law

Is it really useful and makes sense?

This is definitely useful and makes sense for health and prevention. But you yourself calculate how much money you can save and whether it is more profitable for you to undergo the same examinations for a fee at a convenient time. Maybe you earn much more per day than the tests, examinations and consultations of all narrow specialists cost.

Even if you have no time or it is unprofitable to undergo medical examination, tell your loved ones about it. Suddenly, parents or grandmother do not even know about this possibility, and they have plenty of time.

Some examinations in paid medical centers, even in the regions, cost thousands of rubles. The state offers you to pass them for free. The budget allocates money for your health. And if you do not use them, they will still be spent somewhere. So decide.

Don't fall for the screening divorce scheme

There is such a scheme. You may be called from some clinic and invited to a free medical examination. They promise diagnostics on ultra-modern devices, consultations of doctors and tests. And all this is allegedly free, because you are supposed to have a medical examination.

This is a divorce - it has nothing to do with free medical examination from the state. The clinic will try to get money from you in any way, and even can hang a loan on you or sell bioadditives worth tens of thousands of rubles. You can't even prove anything in court.

They can really call you about a medical examination, but only from an insurance company or a clinic. And they will invite you not to some medical center, but to an ordinary state medical institution at the place of residence: with an appointment, coupons and queues.

Often in the media we see news that once again a campaign for the medical examination of working citizens begins. Indeed, on the basis of the Federal Law of November 21, 2011 N 323-FZ "On the Fundamentals of Protecting the Health of Citizens in the Russian Federation" (hereinafter referred to as the Fundamentals of Protecting the Health of Citizens), prevention in the field of protecting public health is provided by a set of measures, which must include dispensary and dispensary observation. Every year, the state allocates considerable funds for these events, so today we will tell you what medical examination is, who should undergo it, and whether employees who refuse to undergo medical examination can be disciplined.

Dispensary - what is this event?

Prior to the adoption of the Fundamentals of Protecting the Health of Citizens, definitions of clinical examination could only be found in dictionaries. Now Art. 46 of the normative act, it is determined that medical examination is a set of measures, including a medical examination by doctors of several specialties and the use of the necessary examination methods carried out in relation to certain groups of the population in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation.

Here it is also necessary to give a definition of dispensary observation, which is a dynamic monitoring of the health of persons suffering from chronic diseases, functional disorders, and other conditions, in order to timely identify, prevent complications, exacerbations of diseases, other pathological conditions, their prevention and medical rehabilitation of these persons, carried out in accordance with the procedure established by the authorized federal executive body.

Note! Part 3 of Art. 254 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation provides for the preservation of a woman's average earnings at the place of work for the duration of the dispensary examination. The regulation on the organization of medical examinations for pregnant women and puerperas was approved by Order of the Ministry of Health and Social Development of the Russian Federation of March 30, 2006 N 224.

Quite often, employers confuse medical examinations with periodic medical examinations. However, there is a significant difference between them - the purpose of the event. Medical examinations are carried out to determine the suitability of workers for the performance of assigned work and the prevention of occupational diseases. Clinical examination is carried out for early detection:

- chronic non-communicable diseases (conditions) that are the main cause of disability and premature death of the population;

- risk factors for the development of diseases (increased levels of blood pressure and blood glucose, low physical activity, etc.);

- consumption of narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances without a doctor's prescription.

Note. Funds received by medical organizations for additional medical examinations of working citizens are directed by them to pay for the work of health workers involved in such medical examinations (with the exception of district general practitioners, general practitioners (family doctors), nurses of district general practitioners, nurses of doctors general practice (family doctors)).

In addition, during the clinical examination, the necessary preventive, therapeutic, rehabilitation and health measures are determined for citizens with identified chronic non-communicable diseases or risk factors for their development, citizens with other diseases, healthy citizens. Groups of dispensary observation of citizens with identified chronic non-communicable and other diseases, with high and very high total cardiovascular risk are also compiled.

As you can see, clinical examination is a much more serious procedure than a periodic medical examination.

Who is subject to screening?

The answer to this question can be found in the regulations. In particular, on the basis of Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of December 31, 2010 N 1228, citizens without age restrictions working in organizations regardless of their organizational and legal form and form of ownership, including workers employed in work with harmful and (or) dangerous production factors insured in the system of compulsory health insurance.

In addition, non-working citizens and those studying in educational institutions on a full-time basis are subject to medical examination.

The order of the medical examination

The procedure for conducting medical examinations was approved by Order of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation dated 03.12.2012 N 1006n. It has not yet entered into force, but the regions have already developed their medical examination programs based on it.

Clinical examination is carried out every three years in the following age periods: 21, 24, 27, 30, 33, etc. And the invalids of the Great Patriotic War, persons awarded the sign "Inhabitant of besieged Leningrad" and recognized as disabled due to a general illness, labor injury and other reasons, undergo medical examinations annually, regardless of age.

Additional medical examination of working citizens is carried out by medical organizations participating in the implementation of programs of state guarantees for the provision of free medical care, which have a license to carry out medical activities.

What does dispensary include? The list of examinations by specialist doctors (medical assistant or midwife), research and other medical activities carried out as part of the medical examination depends on the age and gender of the citizen. Thus, the dispensary involves two stages.

The first stage - screening - is carried out for the purpose of primary identification and selection of citizens with suspected diseases and includes:

1. Survey (questionnaire) to identify chronic non-communicable diseases and risk factors for their development.

2. Anthropometry (measurement of standing height, body weight, waist circumference, calculation of body mass index).

3. Measurement of blood pressure, eye tonometry (for citizens 39 years of age and older), determination of total cholesterol and blood glucose; resting ECG (all at age 21, then for men over the age of 35, for women over the age of 45); examination by a midwife; fluorography of the lungs; mammography (for women aged 39 and older); analysis of blood and urine, ultrasound of the abdominal organs (for persons aged 45, 51, 57, 63 and 69 years).

4. Preventive appointment (examination, consultation) with a neurologist (for persons aged 51, 57, 63 and 69 years).

5. Reception (examination) of a general practitioner (family doctor) of healthy persons and persons with a diagnosed disease that does not require additional examination at the second stage of medical examination.

At the second stage, there is an additional examination and clarification of the diagnosis of the disease, preventive counseling. Also held:

- esophagogastroduodenoscopy (for persons over the age of 50 in the presence of "gastroduodenal" complaints identified during the questionnaire and aggravated heredity for oncological diseases of the esophagogastric zone), etc.;

– examination (consultation) of an ophthalmologist, neurologist, surgeon, urologist, etc.;

– referral of the patient according to the identified indications to a medical organization providing specialized, including high-tech medical care, and to sanatorium treatment, individual or preventive group counseling (health school) in the department of medical prevention and health centers.

On the basis of information about the passage of a medical examination by a citizen, a medical worker of the department (office) of medical prevention fills out a "Card for the registration of medical examinations (preventive medical examinations)". Information about the medical examination and its results is entered by the general practitioner in the health passport, which is issued to the citizen.

Mandatory medical examination for working citizens

Of course, no one will drag an employee by force to a medical organization to undergo medical examination. Moreover, it has been established that it is carried out with the voluntary consent of a citizen or his legal representative, on the basis of information provided by a health worker in an accessible form about the goals, methods of providing medical care, the risk associated with them, possible options for medical intervention, about its consequences, as well as about the expected results of medical care.

What should an employer do if his employee has expressed a desire to undergo medical examination? Is it possible to consider absence from work in connection with medical examination as absenteeism?

Note. A citizen has the right to refuse to conduct medical examinations in general or from certain types of medical interventions included in the scope of medical examinations.

There are two positions on this issue. Some experts believe that if an employer sent an employee to undergo medical examination, he cannot refuse, since he is obliged to periodically undergo a medical examination in certain cases. After all, Art. 213 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation, it is established that for the period of passing a medical examination, the employee retains his place of work and average earnings, and by virtue of Art. 76 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation, the employer has the right not to allow an employee who has not passed a medical examination to work. Other experts believe that since the Labor Code of the Russian Federation does not mention the medical examination of employees and employers do not carry it out at their own expense, the obligation of employees to undergo medical examination has not been established.

We adhere to the second point of view and believe that since there are currently no regulations obliging to participate in medical examinations, employees may refuse to undergo it.

But if the employee has independently expressed a desire to undergo medical examination, the employer is obliged to provide conditions for its passage (as medical examinations), as well as freely release the employee for this (Article 24 of the Fundamentals of Health Protection Legislation). Consequently, there can be no talk of any absenteeism or other violation of labor discipline in the event that an employee undergoes a medical examination, provided that the obligatory medical examination is not fixed in a local regulatory act or an employment contract.

Note! If the obligation to undergo medical examination is fixed in the collective or labor agreement, the employee is obliged to appear for additional medical examination.

Finally

Unfortunately, due to gaps in the legislation, at present, there are quite a lot of ambiguities for employers in the issue of medical examination: this is the registration of the absence of an employee at work during the medical examination, and the payment of this time, and its inclusion in the periods for calculating temporary benefits. disability, etc. An incentive mechanism for employers to be more willing to release staff for medical examination is not yet provided. However, we believe that it is in the interests of the employer to have a healthy team, so we recommend that you still meet the needs of employees who have expressed a desire to undergo a medical examination.

It can only be done at a certain age.

Is it possible to be saved from diseases and prevent premature death? This question is being asked today not only by ordinary citizens, but also by specialists. It's about dispensary. “Now it is not annual, not universal and not mandatory. Adults will voluntarily undergo it once every three years, - said at one of the press conferences Sergey BOYTSOV, director of the State Research Center for Preventive Medicine, chief freelance specialist of the Ministry of Health of Russia in preventive medicine, MD. “But so far we only say the word “prevention”, but in reality we are only engaged in diagnosis and treatment.”

Clinical examination in a new way should radically change the relationship: the doctor - the patient and the patient - their own health. After all, preventive examinations of doctors will no longer be annual, universal and mandatory. Every adult has the right to voluntarily undergo examinations once every three years. “It remains annual and universal only for children and teenagers. The goals are the same - to identify diseases in the early stages or risk factors that are the main causes of death and disability. Important features of modern clinical examination are counseling on risk factors, as well as docking with dispensary observation of those patients who have identified diseases or risk factors.

Another innovation: prevention and follow-up care should take at least 30-40% of the working time of the local therapist.

So, officially: who has the right to undergo a (free) clinical examination?

The points:

All citizens of Russia can undergo medical examination once every three years and at a certain age. Those who turned 21, 24, 27, etc. in 2013 up to 99 years - throughout this year. Accordingly, those who reach these ages in 2014 - throughout the next year;

For war invalids and some other categories of citizens, medical examination is carried out annually;

If you want to undergo a medical examination, contact the registry of your clinic, they must explain everything to you;

In accordance with labor legislation, the employer is obliged to release the employee who wants to undergo a medical examination and count this day as a working day for him;

All analyzes and admission of narrow specialists are free;

Private clinics can also take part in medical examinations.

What examinations (free of charge) can be done?

Everyone:

Therapist's appointment; a survey (questionnaire) to identify risk factors for chronic diseases: do you smoke, drink alcohol, how physically active are you, how do you eat, etc.;

Measurement of pressure, height, body weight;

Express methods for determining cholesterol, blood sugar (after 36 years, every 6 years);

Pass a general blood test (after 36 years, every 6 years);

Pass a general urine test;

Make a fluorography of the lungs.

Women:

Have a midwife exam, including a Pap smear (risk of cervical cancer).

men

From 36 years old: do an EKG.

From 39 years old: measure intraocular pressure (risk of glaucoma);

Pass a detailed blood test;

Make a biochemical blood test (hepatitis, pancreatitis, diabetes, etc.);

Make an ultrasound of the abdominal organs (tumors, cysts, stones, gastritis);

Get a mammogram (women, risk of breast cancer).

From 45 years old: examination of feces for occult blood (risk of colon cancer);

ECG (for women).

From 51: preventive appointment with a neurologist;

Determination of the level of prostate-specific antigen in the blood ( men, risk of prostate cancer).

It was decided to focus on four groups of diseases that cause 75% of the deaths of Russians, primarily of working age, explains Sergey Boytsov. - These are cardiovascular and chronic bronchopulmonary pathologies, diabetes mellitus, oncology. And this is the difference between the current medical examination and the previous ones, because before a person simply went through all the specialists in a row - an otolaryngologist, an ophthalmologist, a neurologist, etc., and, of course, a considerable number of diseases were found in him. Decrease in mortality is the main result that we expect from clinical examination.

And Sergey Anatolyevich's concern is understandable: in Russia, more than 23% of the deaths of the adult population are from cardiovascular diseases. The problem of non-communicable diseases is acquiring a global character. Therefore, it is very important to identify people at risk who are at risk of dying from these diseases. Preventive medical examinations of Russians will be most welcome. Moreover, medical examination is prescribed in the program of state guarantees of free medical care.

But it is extremely important that the Russians themselves be imbued with the idea - to detect diseases as early as possible and prevent their fatal consequences. Fortunately, the ice has broken in this regard, as shown by the medical examination in 2013. And in Russia, there are more people who are not indifferent to their health than nihilists.

Periodically taking tests and undergoing a minimum of research is the normal behavior of a person who cares about his health. Therefore, recently the concept of prophylactic medical examination has returned to Russia - a system of measures aimed at protecting the health of the population, preventing new cases of diseases, reducing the incidence of complications, mortality and improving the quality of life.

Is it necessary to undergo a medical examination? Screening is carried out indefinitely in all cities of the country with the voluntary consent of a citizen. This is not an obligation, but a right that every citizen of the Russian Federation can use. Is it necessary to undergo a medical examination or is it a waste of time?

What is dispensary

Since 2013, within the framework of the Health project, medical examination of citizens has been introduced in Russia. This is a complex of studies and analyzes that allows you to assess the state of human health and identify various diseases in the early stages. Medical examination is different from the usual visit to the therapist. Traditionally, citizens turn to doctors with specific complaints, and this is a preventive medical examination.

Is it necessary to undergo a medical examination? Citizens are not required to be screened. This is a right, not a duty. Clinical examination (like any other medical intervention) is carried out exclusively with the voluntary and informed consent of the patient. A person has the right to refuse certain procedures or examinations at will, and all doctor's appointments are advisory in nature.

Early detection of various diseases and pathological conditions that are the cause of disability and premature death of the population of the Russian Federation, as well as risk factors, which include high blood pressure, high blood glucose, alcohol consumption, smoking, lack of activity, overweight or obesity, malnutrition, has been established.

Why do you need dispensary

Many countries of the world are developing special programs for a comprehensive examination of the health status of citizens. In Russia, medical examinations are carried out for various groups of the population with the aim of early detection of diseases and the main risk factors for their development. In the long term, this will improve the health of the nation and reduce mortality from serious diseases. For each individual patient, a preventive examination is a chance to detect dangerous abnormalities in the early stages, while they still respond well to treatment.

Is it necessary to undergo a medical examination at work? Screening is the right of every citizen of the Russian Federation. There are no sanctions at the legislative level for not passing a medical examination, but it is better to do it for your own good. From the first medical examination, patients had different reviews. Someone says that this is “for show”, while others are grateful that they managed to discover hidden health problems and start treatment on time. Today, after all, even oncology, detected in the early stages, is successfully treated.

Is it necessary to undergo a medical examination?

In 2013, almost all children and more than 87 million adults underwent medical examinations. Many did it "because they have to." So they said at work, in the district clinic, in an educational institution. Is it obligatory to undergo a medical examination in a polyclinic? No one can force a person to undergo medical examinations. Medical examination of the population is carried out exclusively voluntarily and by informed consent. There are no penalties or fines for not passing a medical examination for Russians, except for the most important thing - the possible failure to detect a dangerous pathology at an early stage, while the treatment is still effective enough. It is possible not to undergo medical examination, but is it worth it?

Who can be screened

To date, screening is carried out among citizens of the Russian Federation. Free medical examination is available to every citizen insured in the compulsory medical system. insurance (CHI). This applies to all tests, diagnostic examinations and consultations of narrow specialists. Doctors recommend undergoing a preventive medical examination every three years, starting at the age of twenty-one. That is, this year, every person whose age is divided by three (21, 24, 27, 30, 33, 36, 39, 42, and so on) can undergo a medical examination. It is recommended to undergo the procedure until the age of 90. For certain categories of the population, an annual medical examination is recommended. These individuals have a higher need for regular follow-up than the rest of the population.

Clinical examination of children: terms and specialists

Is it necessary for a child to undergo medical examination? This is a planned event, which involves a comprehensive examination of the child's health, it is desirable to carry out annually. Parents have the right to refuse a physical examination or certain procedures, but you should not do this. The basic recommendations of the Ministry of Health concern only the minimum, but for children it is better to form a medical examination program on their own (of course, based on the recommendations of a pediatrician).

The first examination is carried out already in one month. It is necessary to undergo an ultrasound, pass tests, visit an ophthalmologist, an orthopedist and a neurologist. A less extensive program expects the child and parents at three months. The next medical examination is 6 months. Babies are tested by an ENT specialist, a cardiologist, a pediatrician, a neuropathologist, an ophthalmologist. After a year, consultations with a dentist, endocrinologist and surgeon are needed.

Before entering the kindergarten and school, it is additionally recommended to visit a psychologist and a speech therapist, an orthodontist and an immunologist. At 9-12 years old, an in-depth medical examination is needed. In addition to the specialists listed above, you need to make an appointment with a gastroenterologist, dermatologist and urologist. From one to two years, medical examination of children is recommended once a quarter, from two to three - once every 6 months, then at three years, five-six, six-seven, eight, ten, eleven-twelve, fourteen-fifteen, fifteen-sixteen and at seventeen.

Where to go for medical examination

Screening is carried out in the clinic at the place of attachment. You can undergo a medical examination at the Health Center, the family medicine department, the medical unit, and so on. It is important that an employee who decides to undergo a medical examination can easily take time off from work (this is provided for by law). Is it obligatory to undergo a medical examination in a polyclinic? You can contact a private medical center, but all tests and examinations in this case will be paid.

Is it obligatory to undergo medical examination at the place of registration? Yes, but for this you need to attach to any convenient clinic. It is written on the CHI policy that it is valid throughout the Russian Federation, so they cannot refuse to accept the patient. You can attach yourself not at the place of registration, but at the place of residence through an application addressed to the head physician. They have no right to refuse. But you will need to detach yourself from the clinic at the place of registration.

What is included in the dispensary

The first stage of medical examination can be completed without an appointment in the medical prevention office. The doctor will tell you about the screening procedure depending on the age and gender of the patient, and will also offer to sign an informed consent. The first stage is carried out in order to identify chronic diseases, risk factors and determine indications for additional examinations to clarify the diagnosis in the future.

The clinical examination on the first day includes a survey and questioning of the patient, measuring height and weight, waist, calculating BMI, measuring blood pressure. Express methods will allow you to determine the level of cholesterol and glucose in the blood, but may offer to undergo a routine analysis. By the way, during medical examinations, tests are taken without a queue, so you won’t have to wait long. At the first stage, they also do FLG of the lungs, an ECG (for men from thirty-six years old and women from forty-five years old), measurement of intraocular pressure (from 60 years old), an analysis of feces for occult blood (it is recommended to take it once every two years from 49 to 73 years).

After receiving the test results, the general practitioner will conduct an examination (reception), including determining the diagnosis, health group and the need for further dispensary observation. A short counseling session on prevention is also provided. The patient will receive recommendations on physical activity, healthy eating, determination of medical indications for examinations as part of the second stage of medical examination.

In addition, women need to undergo an examination by a gynecologist and take a smear from the cervix (from 30 to 60 years old), do a mammogram (from 39 years old). Men are recommended to study the level of PSA in the blood from forty-five years to fifty-one years. According to the results of the tests, in addition or by age, the patient will be sent to the second stage of medical examination. Studies are carried out to clarify the diagnosis.

The second stage of dispensary

At the second stage, spirometry, examination by a neurologist, duplex scanning of the arteries (for women from fifty-four years old, for men from forty-five years old), colonoscopy (if oncology is suspected), examination by a surgeon or coloproctologist, ophthalmologist (from 60 years old), otorhinolaryngologist ( from the age of 75), a urologist (for men over forty-five years old with an elevated PSA level). Based on the results of the second stage of medical examination, a therapist is consulted to clarify the diagnosis and determine the group for follow-up. From the age of 72, according to indications, or from the age of 75, additional preventive counseling is also carried out for everyone.

How long will the examinations take

The first stage of clinical examination in Moscow polyclinics can be completed in an average of 90 minutes. For the entire screening, you will only have to come to the hospital a few times to take tests and undergo special examinations, as well as talk with doctors. Each visit may take two to three hours, but in general the patient will not lose much time.

If you do not pass the medical examination on time

Is it necessary to undergo a medical examination? What happens if you don't show up for an inspection? There will be absolutely no sanctions for this. So is it necessary to undergo medical examination by year? No need to wait three years to get a health check. Routine examinations can be taken as part of a preventive examination annually at the Health Centers. If necessary, the patient will be referred to a polyclinic for additional examinations or recommendations from specialists.

What happens after dispensary

Based on the results of the screening, the therapist will determine the patient's health group. Practically healthy people with risk factors belong to the first group. Citizens are advised on issues of disease prevention and a healthy lifestyle. The second group is people who have a high or very high risk of developing dangerous diseases. The doctor will give recommendations to reduce the risk, may refer to the "School of the patient". Patients with the third group of health are shown by narrow specialists.

Do you have a dispensary? It is desirable for those who care about their health. A physical examination allows you to identify cancer in the early stages, problems with the heart and blood vessels, and serious risk factors. Doctors agree that medical examination is important and should not be abandoned. So is it necessary to undergo a medical examination? This is the right of every citizen, which is definitely worth using.