Tobacco smoking (abstract) - The concept of public safety. Prevention of smoking. The effect of smoking on the body

It has long been studied by leading scientists around the world. Unfortunately, the results of their research are not comforting - tobacco and its smoke components slowly but surely destroy the body and kill it.
We will analyze in more detail about the impact of tobacco products on the human body and the treatment of addiction in men and women in this article.

Health impact

Tobacco smoking has been around for hundreds of years. Initially, it was positioned as a remedy for the treatment of many ailments: obstruction of the gastrointestinal tract, nervous tension, constricted blood vessels and low blood pressure.

Then, habitual tobacco users developed an addiction that gradually spread throughout the world. The beginning of the global distribution of tobacco products was given by the famous Christopher Columbus, who brought the plant with him from a voyage to the shores of America.

Now it has long been understood that the benefits of smoking are not one iota comparable to all the harm that is caused to the body. In the process of smoking, an addiction to nicotine first appears, then the lungs gradually begin to clog, die off. nerve cells, collapse the work of the digestive tract and of cardio-vascular system.

Experienced smokers develop constant fatigue and nervous tension, there is a drop in the level of physical abilities. Manifestation dire consequences nicotine addiction can be listed for a long time.

The worst thing that smokers can get in the process of smoking is cancer. Their percentage among those leading a healthy lifestyle is significantly lower than that of those who have smoked a cigarette at least once in their lives.

Diseases acquired by smokers during addiction can be inherited, so that not only they themselves will suffer, but also their children and grandchildren. Let us analyze the harm from smoking in relation to each organ and system of the human body.

Test for smokers

Harm from cigarettes in men and women

A smoker, even at an early stage of addiction, has certain problems with the body, it is very important not to aggravate them and give up addiction. The female half of the population must be especially careful. In men, germ cells are completely renewed within a month, while in women, poisons, toxins and carcinogens from tobacco smoke remain forever in the egg.

Harm caused to the organs of the smoker:

1. Respiratory system. The mucous membrane of the bronchi and alveoli in the lungs is contaminated. The natural functioning of the system is disrupted, as a result of which the body as a whole suffers, since it does not receive energy from its parts. enough oxygen.
2. Central nervous system. When smoking, nerve cells die, as well as brain cells responsible for various functions. Particularly affected are the parts of the brain responsible for emotional activity, which is why, as a rule, smokers are less emotionally stable and more irritable than non-smokers.
3. The cardiovascular system. Oxygen starvation, caused by the constant intake of tar and nicotine, forces the heart to work more actively, which increases the load on both it and the vessels. Over time, heavy smokers develop persistent hypertension.
4. Gastrointestinal tract. Since nicotine somewhat weakens the walls of the intestines, with its constant intake into the body, problems with diseases such as hemorrhoids can begin. As for the stomach, it increases the likelihood of gastritis and ulcers by a third. Due to the large slagging, the work of the gallbladder is difficult.
5. Liver and kidneys. The acidity in the stomach, which noticeably changes during smoking, is also reflected in these two organs, in the work of which failures are also possible.
6. The immune system. In smokers with an experience of several years, under the influence of tobacco smoke toxins, immunity is significantly reduced, which leads to the development of other diseases that are not even associated with nicotine addiction.

The above are only the main consequences, it is worth mentioning the deterioration in the quality of teeth and skin. The latter becomes drier and yellower, and a yellowish-brown plaque appears on the teeth, over time they begin to break down, since they lack the necessary substances for normal life.

Take the smoking test

Early cessation and in heavy smokers

Fortunately, there are a sufficient number of methods for getting rid of smoking with the help of:

• medications;
• coding;
• laser therapy;
• folk remedies;
• alternative methods.

All these methods have their advantages and disadvantages, but most of them are based on the moral and mental influence on the smoker, in order to destroy his desire to “pick up a cigarette”. In parallel with the elimination of psychological dependence, it is necessary to pay attention to cleansing the body, to put it in order after a serious “smoke”.

In many medications and folk remedies, the composition of the preparations includes active ingredients that contribute to the removal. For the best effect of cleansing the body, you should normalize nutrition, sleep / wakefulness and pay more attention physical activity: exercise, running exercises, fitness, active sports and more.

Pros and Cons of Breaking a Habit with Coding

The tobacco smoking coding method is based on the principle of suggestive influence on psychological condition sick. To achieve a positive result in this type of getting rid of addictions, the patient must be 100% sure of their effectiveness.

There are several dozen ways, but they are all approximately similar to each other. There is no real intervention in the patient's body, so they are all based on the "placebo" effect.

Tobacco coding has several disadvantages:

• absolutely unpredictable result;
• high risks of fraud;
• the danger of interference in the human psyche;
• relatively high price such a method;
• An essential factor is the qualification of the specialist conducting the procedure.

Nevertheless, many who want to cope with smoking choose the encoding method, as it has a number of advantages:

• lack of discomfort;
• the likelihood of achieving the desired result after the first procedure;
• no invasive intervention;
• the patient is not independently involved in the process, he does not need any of his own efforts.

The most common methods of smoking coding at the moment are: according to the Dovzhenko method, according to the Nikolaev method, and with the help of hypnotic intervention. Services for this type of impact on the smoker are offered both in public medical institutions and in private clinics, as well as by private specialists.

The advantages of state institutions are their availability and relatively low price for services, in private clinics you can meet the most qualified specialists, but it is best not to deal with self-taught specialists, since in most cases they are simply ordinary swindlers.

Useful video on the topic

Drugs and pills to help

Smoking cessation pills are the most common remedy for nicotine addiction. Their ease of use, relative cheapness and patient confidence in them have made the pills the main fighter for freedom from smoking.

The action of most tablets is based on the replacement of cigarette nicotine. nicotinic acid. It helps to cope with strong cravings and withdrawal symptoms, and in a small amount it practically does not harm the body.

But in total there are 5 types of medications:

1. Based on the action of plant alkaloids (Gamebasin, Lobelin). Just such drugs are used for replacement therapy.
2. Causing dislike for tobacco and disgust for tobacco smoke. They are called means of aversive therapy and contain certain fees, when interacting with which cigarettes change their taste to an extremely unpleasant one. bright representative of this type is the drug "Corrida-plus".
3. Lozenges for resorption (Nicorette). Similar in action to products based on plant alkaloids, but have a less natural composition.
4. Psychoanalytic antidepressants that significantly alleviate the withdrawal syndrome. With the help of these medicines, you can improve morale and avoid sharp set excess weight, which is inherent in people who have recently given up smoking. The main drugs of this type are Bupropion, Zyban and Voxra.
5. In a separate group, tablets "" can be distinguished. The action of varenicline, which is part of Champix, is different in its effect on the body from the components of other drugs. Varenicline is a nicotine antagonist that suppresses the desire of a smoker to pick up a cigarette. In addition to the main component, Champix contains a number of herbs that help cleanse the body from the effects of "smoke".

There are no universal pills for smoking. For everyone who wants to “tie up”, only one type of pill will have the most effective effect. In order to find out which one, you need to consult with medical specialists.

Effective acupuncture treatment

Acupuncture is the most popular of alternative ways tobacco addiction treatment.

The reasons for this lie in the numerous advantages of this technique:

• no moral and psychological influence is made on the patient;
• smokers tolerate well, since when choosing a competent specialist, the procedure is almost painless;
• acupuncture is a recognized method in almost all corners of the planet, such therapy is carried out by specialists with appropriate diplomas confirming qualifications;
• the smoker absolutely does not require any effort on his part;
• the price of acupuncture varies within the limits that any smoker can afford;
• shows relatively good efficiency, comparable with other popular methods of quitting smoking.

Unfortunately, acupuncture also has its downsides:

• a significant number of contraindications;
• impressive waste of time for procedures, which may require several dozen;
• invasiveness - when a needle is inserted, a violation occurs skin, resulting in a risk of injury to blood vessels and infection.

The essence of acupuncture is the introduction of special very thin needles into certain points of the skin epithelium, activating nerve impulses. With the help of this technique, you can achieve tremendous success in the fight against smoking: significantly reduce cravings for cigarettes, stabilize all processes in the body, level the withdrawal syndrome. The needles are inserted into the patient in various places and at a certain depth, these parameters are controlled by a medical specialist in acupuncture.

The main causes of addiction

Answers to the question "why do people smoke?" can be so diverse that it is simply impossible to describe everything, but there are a number of main reasons why teenagers or mature people decide to pick up a cigarette:

1. Smoking is fashionable and stylish. In our time, governments of countries are trying as much as possible to neutralize such a reason, which is characteristic, in the vast majority, of adolescents. The fashion of smoking was instilled earlier with the help of various methods, for example, cinematography. Heroes of popular movies, cartoons or serials smoke, and teenagers begin to perceive this as “coolness” and decide to smoke themselves. Also, boys think they can look older with a cigarette in their hand.
2. stress and nervous disorders. The modern high pace of life leads to the fact that some simply cannot cope with it. They are forced to unload from the accumulated unrest. Often in this case, the choice is in favor of alcohol or cigarettes as an antidepressant.
3. Herd feeling. Many of today's smokers are addicted to nicotine simply because many in their company used to smoke. Man, like other representatives of the animal world, has a herd feeling: "they do it, so I will!"
4. An opportunity to somehow pass the time.

The main part of all smokers bought a pack of cigarettes for the first time precisely for the above reasons. Fortunately, almost all of them now have no effect due to the global anti-smoking propaganda.

Consequences for the body

Numerous diseases are related to tobacco products. Tobacco smoke negatively affects the entire body, destroying and gradually killing it. The respiratory system, and the cardiovascular, and the central nervous system, and many others suffer.

In addition to diseases directly from smoking, this bad habit can cause a number of side diseases, such as cancer, brain tumors, infertility and a number of others. Every year about half a million people die from "tobacco" diseases in the world.

With the development of tobacco technologies, this figure may become even higher, as manufacturers, not caring about the naturalness and quality of their product, introduce a huge amount of chemical additives. As a result, an improvement in cigarette taste and a significant increase in their harmfulness.

The problems caused by smoking are hereditary, so that adults who smoke can also affect their descendants. Scientists have noted that in newborns in whom at least one of the parents smoked, the risk of chronic pathologies increases by 20% and various allergies by 35%.

All these data say only one thing - it is necessary to say goodbye to smoking as soon as possible. The imaginary pleasure derived from smoking a cigarette is not one iota comparable to the harm to the body, financial, time costs and unpleasant odor that haunt all smokers.

Tobacco smoking (nicotinism, nicotine addiction) is the most common type of substance abuse among all age groups. Tobacco addiction has a detrimental effect on the physical and mental health adults, adolescents and children, both male and female.

note: there is not a single organ or system in the body that would not suffer from the toxic effects of tobacco smoke poisons.

Chronic smoking leads to the development of symptoms of addiction, mental and physical dependence, accompanied by withdrawal symptoms.

Most of all, smoking is preferred by the male population, according to WHO, about a third of men are regular consumers of tobacco products.

Historical data

Tobacco leaves were brought to Europe in the 15th century from South America. Gradually, the habit of using tobacco in the form of a chewing mixture, powdered powder for inhalation, and, of course, smoking spread throughout the globe. Some adherents of nicotine smoke assured that tobacco is a medicinal plant that helps with many diseases.

AT early XIX century, scientists isolated nicotine from tobacco and described its properties. Tobacco in any form has been found to cause negative consequences for good health.

But, despite this, smoking has rapidly gained more and more of its fans.

The boom of smoking came in the second half of the 20th century. Nicotine addiction was instilled with the help of developing cinema and television, magazines. Billions of people, sitting in front of the screens of cinema halls and televisions, daily watched their favorite heroes of artistic paintings smoke. Supermen and beauties, politicians and bandits, heroes for every consumer taste smoked. Tobacco factories, manufacturers flourished, brands of cigarettes multiplied, which cannot be said about the health of those who began to depend on this terrible poison ....

Elite products and cigarettes for the middle class, very simple tobacco and cigarettes, cigars, cigarillos, each of these types of dope found its buyer.

And although the voices of opponents of tobacco products were periodically heard and continue to be heard, threatening and warning inscriptions were printed on beautiful packs of cigarettes - people continue to smoke.

In Russia, the number of tobacco users is 35% of the total population.

Why do people smoke

It all starts with a desire to imitate your idols, as well as from a passion to know the unknown (what is it, if everyone likes it that way). The first cigarette, the first puff, feels extremely unpleasant. There is dizziness, headache, nausea, weakness. These are symptoms of nicotine poisoning. But with repeated attempts, they gradually disappear, and they are replaced by pleasant sensations of pleasure, clarity of thought, euphoria.

The fact is that nicotine, getting into the blood, participates in enzymatic reactions, causing an increased formation of catecholamines with the release of adrenaline and norepinephrine and stimulating the brain pleasure centers. Gradually, the smoker becomes addicted, requiring new doses of nicotine. According to the American Institute of Addiction NIDA, the ability of nicotine to cause addiction exceeds that of heroin and opiates.

Addiction is a complex biopsychosocial problem. The main feature of this disorder is behavior characterized by the compulsive use of a psychoactive substance, in this case nicotine. The diagnosis of dependence is established in accordance with the criteria of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual mental disorders DSM-V (valid since 2013), developed by the American Psychiatric Association (American Psychiatric Association). There are 11 criteria in this Guide: if 2 or more criteria are confirmed, which were noted by the patient for 12 months diagnosed with addiction. When 2-3 criteria are confirmed, mild dependence is diagnosed, 4-5 - moderate, 6 or more - severe dependence.

note: despite the fact that in the process of diagnosing nicotine addiction, the presence of tolerance (need for increasing doses of nicotine) and abstinence (withdrawal syndrome) is taken into account, these factors by themselves are not the basis for making a diagnosis of nicotine addiction. Dependence (addiction) belongs to the category of mental and behavioral disorders (classification according to ICD-10), which may be accompanied by tolerance and withdrawal symptoms, or may occur in isolation from them.

In the process of formation of nicotine addiction, several stages can be distinguished:

• episodic nicotine use. The number of cigarettes smoked does not exceed 5 pieces in 10 days. The fact of smoking is provoked, as a rule, by external microsocial factors.
• Regular use of nicotine. The number of cigarettes smoked increases to 2 to 6 per day, a person begins to form not pronounced preferences for specific brands of cigarettes.
• The first stage of addiction. Formed mental addiction from nicotine, while there is no physical dependence. The duration of this stage is from 3 to 5 years. It seems to the smoker that smoking helps to improve his performance and well-being. There is no withdrawal syndrome, nicotine tolerance increases.
• The second stage of addiction. Mental addiction reaches its climax, begins to form physical addiction. The duration of the second stage averages from 5 to 20 years. Smoking is in the nature of an obsessive desire, a person wakes up at night in order to smoke a cigarette, smokes on an empty stomach, switches to stronger cigarettes. The first signs of physical dependence are a morning cough, a feeling of discomfort. Bronchitis may become more frequent, violations are noted heart rate, insomnia, pain in the heart area, arterial pressure unstable.
• The third stage of nicotine addiction. There are both mental and physical addictions. The third stage is the stage of complications. At this time, tolerance to nicotine decreases, when smoking several cigarettes in a row, a person feels physical discomfort. Begin serious problems with health, the development of precancerous conditions and cancer is possible.

At the stage of formation mental addiction some tobacco users are wary, after all, smoking is not so harmless, if it is so hard without it. Some smokers quit, another part tries to quit, but cannot, and the third continues to smoke “safely”. As mentioned above, mental dependence is formed on average at 3-5 years of constant smoking. Doses are usually about 5-7 cigarettes per day, sometimes 15.

“Well, many people smoke, and nothing, they live, over there (so-and-so) grandfather generally lived up to 90 and smoked all the time.” This is how a nicotine addict calms down. At the same time, he tries not to think about those who did not live to 50 due to destructive passion, and there are many of them. Much more than "grandfathers who lived to 90 with tobacco."

Having smoked for 5-15-20 years, the addict suddenly began to notice that without cigarettes it was no longer just uncomfortable, but bad. Already smoked a pack, or even more a day. The need for smoking wakes a person up from bed at night. An occasional "respite" (due to illness, or inability to smoke for other reasons) causes trembling in the hands, sweating, dizziness, headache, weakness, cough (paradox) and other individual unpleasant complaints. This is how it is formed physical addiction.

Nicotine "fits" into the normal biochemical reactions of the human body, the incoming dose is already necessary chemical for the normal functioning of many systems.

By depriving themselves of smoking, patients at the stage of physical dependence begin to suffer severely physically and mentally. The very first dose after abstinence returns normal health with surprising speed.

It would seem that smoke yourself, if you want to. But no, it is during this period that all the side effects of nicotine addiction “creep out”.

The harm caused by nicotine physical state no one doubts the smoking person and those around him. The fight against tobacco smoking has been going on for a long time and not without some success.

The WHO Framework Convention on the dangers of smoking and aimed at tobacco control states that, according to the obtained scientific data, tobacco smoke leads to illness, disability and death.

Note:manufacturers of tobacco products modern technologies have developed products containing substances that, in addition to nicotine, form and maintain human addiction.

Among the main causes of death of the world's population, tobacco smoking is in second place, causing a number of pathologies that end in death.

Major diseases caused by smoking

The main target of tobacco smoke is Airways. Regularly passing through the nasopharynx, trachea, bronchi and lungs, smoke has a damaging effect on the mucous membranes of these organs, reduces their protective properties and, over time, can cause atrophy and degeneration of the cells of these organs into tumor cells.

Emerging inflammatory processes lead to severe chronic processes: tonsillitis, pharyngitis, tracheitis, bronchitis and pneumonia. Often formed emphysema, obstructive processes.

A study by foreign and Russian scientists clearly shows that in 90% of the European Consensus Statement on Lung Cancer: Risk Factors and Prevention of deaths of men from cancer lung cause was smoking. Women's indicators are not too far behind - 80%. Although more recently in women, these figures were much lower.

Malignant tumors Lungs in smokers are formed more than 10 times more often than in non-smokers.

Smoking several times increases the risk of developing tuberculosis.

- the second main target of nicotine.

Women have one of unpleasant complications- - violation of bone tissue structures, leading to pathological fractures. Nicotine, when smoked, getting from the lungs into the bloodstream, leads to the transfer of poisons to all organs of the human body. Being a strong carcinogen, nicotine can cause malignant neoplasms almost anywhere in the body.

The appearance of a smoker also changes - dry and yellowish skin, a premature network of wrinkles, persistent cough, gray look facial skin, yellow teeth, and damaged vocal cords. The smoker emits a constant unpleasant odor.

Note:in addition to nicotine, radioactive substances in smoke also affect health.

Despite all the attempts of manufacturing companies in every possible way to reduce the concentration of harmful substances, tobacco remains a potent poison.

Some scientists have written articles showing the "positive" properties of tobacco, but despite their best efforts, they have not succeeded in embellishing the overall negative picture caused by smoking.

Many people, suffering from addiction and complications, are trying to quit addiction and are wondering "How to get rid of nicotine addiction?". Some of them manage to cope without help, others need treatment from a specialist narcologist.

The most successful method is still an independent rejection of addiction. You can quit smoking at any stage. People with a sufficiently developed will and desire special problems does not occur.

"Withdrawal" phenomena after the last smoked cigarette go away within 3-7-14 days. After them, the physical dependence disappears, the mental one can last for a very long time, but it all depends on the setting of the former smoker for a healthy lifestyle. The usual daily routine should change radically. It is necessary to add sports loads, walks, diets to it. It is important not to return to addiction any more, since in the event of a “breakdown”, both mental and physical dependence will return.

Among medical measures apply:

• replacement therapy(temporary introduction of nicotine preparations into the body in different ways, to mitigate withdrawal symptoms) - patches, lozenges, lozenges, nicotine chewing gums, etc .;
• sedative therapy(and tranquilizers). Medications help to eliminate sleep disorders and the nervous state characteristic of the first days after the refusal;
• psychoinfluence- hypnosis, coding according to the Dovzhenko method, rational psychotherapy, auto-training techniques;
• acupuncture, physiotherapy activities.

Quitting smoking is a choice of health and life!

Nicotine addiction is a problem that has been tormenting humanity for decades. Recently, it has become especially acute, since the dissemination of information, including advertising, occurs at lightning speed, and successful ones lead to hidden advertising of cigarettes in books, magazines and cinematographic works.

What is smoking

At first glance, such a question may seem extremely banal, because any average student can say that this term implies the regular use of tobacco industry products. However, if you think about it, this one has some features that make it unique and even more serious than any others.

We list some characteristics of this bad habit so widespread in modern humanity.

The myth of physical pleasure

First of all, it should be noted that smoking does not bring any pleasure to a person. Not a single smoker on planet Earth will say that he really likes the taste or smell of cigarettes.

Even the fact that smoking provokes a sharp vasoconstriction and instantly stimulates the brain cannot be called pleasure, because it is a shock to the body.

A few words about psychological pleasure

The vast majority of smokers justify their weakness by obtaining satisfaction of a different kind. The wording in this case may vary, but in the end everything comes down to a single aspect. Some people say that they smoke to kill time, others - to suppress stress, others - to increase self-confidence. If you think about it, all these explanations can be reduced to the statement about getting some psychological pleasure.

Since all smokers are well aware of how destructive cigarettes can be, each time the so-called stress reduction procedure actually provokes a new shake-up for the body. Even if at a particular moment in time a person does not think about the dangers of the actions taken, there is already information in his memory, which the subconscious mind actively accesses. Thus, without even realizing it, when smoking, a person programs himself for stress.

What does medicine say

From a medical point of view, the perniciousness of such a seemingly harmless habit has long been proven: blockage of blood vessels, stimulation of cancerous growths, weakening of the central nervous system, angina attacks, provocation of diseases of the gastrointestinal tract - these are only the most obvious and often detected consequences.

Broken teeth, suffering circulatory system, lungs of a smoker, photos of which can be seen on most packages of tobacco products sold in the Russian Federation and Ukraine, the UK and other countries, only increase this psychological stress.

In addition, do not forget about completely seemingly banal things: bad smell, which then disturbs smokers in society, social condemnation, which sooner or later has to be faced. Even elementary traces of resins on the fingers lead the body to emotional arousal. Thus, there is simply no question of any psychological pleasure.

Clear awareness of harmfulness

This topic has already been touched upon, but now it is worth giving it Special attention and look at it from a different point of view. Every smoker is well aware that the actions he performs harm the body, but still does not give up the bad habit. Cancer and smoking are interrelated, according to the vast majority of physicians, this relationship is constantly illustrated, but even realizing the danger, people still do not quit smoking. Moreover, the vast majority of those who find out about the presence of lung cancer immediately reach for a cigarette as soon as they leave the office.

Thus, we can say that even an excellent understanding of the perniciousness of addiction does not help at all in the fight against it. Perhaps the reason lies in the gradual damage. The problem is that the effect of smoking on the body is almost impossible to trace - its condition is gradually deteriorating. If the narcotic or cause pain when stopping the reception, but in general it greatly affects appearance of a person, then smoking seems completely harmless against their background.

Origins of smoking

If we turn to the history of the emergence of this "ailment" of mankind, we can find out that we owe the appearance of cigarettes to the Indians. It was they who were the first to wrap tobacco leaves in straw or other easily burning materials. It should be noted that initially smoking was not at all a way to get pleasure, as is commonly believed in modern world. First of all, smokers pursued the goal of achieving a certain state. Tobacco smoking, like the use of coca tree products, was directly related to the ritual. The Americans, on the other hand, gave this action a completely different meaning, which has survived to this day.

The consequences were not initially understood, so the first mechanical devices that appeared in the 1880s put production on the assembly line, after which the fashion for these products spread throughout the world. In this case, we should talk about fashion, the prestige of this habit, which was cultivated in society. The situation reached the point that smoking was recommended for medical purposes. Most often, this kind of advice was given by neuropathologists and psychoanalysts.

Tobacco prevention before the beginning of the twentieth century seemed to mankind a completely useless, unnecessary waste of time. Besides Negative influence the use of these products on the body has not yet been accurately proven.

Fashion for cigarettes

If initially the use of nicotine products was the prerogative of the male half of the world's population, then, starting from the 1920s, this habit began to spread among women. It was from this period that smoking began to spread at an astonishing rate across the globe. It is noteworthy that it was cigarettes that became widespread, and not cigars or those that previously occupied leading positions. The pipe was considered a sign of aristocracy, but so easily gave up its position to tobacco wrapped in thin paper.

Prevention of alcohol and smoking in the 20s was completely useless. Moreover, such events could be considered a kind of heresy. Mankind was too fascinated by this phenomenon, which seemed to be a refined luxury, to listen to the voice of reason, which, however, was mostly silent in this regard.

Smoking cessation methods

Today, in contrast to the time described earlier, the problem caused by smoking has become much more obvious, and therefore, people have begun to actively think about ways to deal with it. Cancer and smoking in the mind of a modern person are quite related things, which most often leads cigarette lovers to the decision to give up this bad habit.

Almost everyone starts with a complete and abrupt cessation of smoking, which most often, but not always, ends in failure. The thing is that with this approach, a person programs himself that it will be difficult to change his lifestyle, and such actions will certainly require incredible volitional costs.

In this regard, organizations such as the Ministry of Health began to carry out various preventive measures. The smoker's lungs, whose photos have become featured in every anti-tobacco brochure, can serve as a prime example of the ongoing campaign. Recently, a huge number of special social advertisements have appeared, designed to demonstrate the perniciousness of this habit.

It should be given credit that in the past few decades, smoking prevention activities have also been actively carried out: all kinds of actions, conferences, flash mobs and much more. The position of the need to abandon a bad habit began to be actively conveyed to the public.

Special literature

This phenomenon is most common in America, where it is generally customary to write so-called guides to certain life situations. Of course, the call to stop the habit has stimulated a wave of research publications and special programs designed to help smokers solve their problem.

The most famous author of this kind of literature in the world was undoubtedly Allen Carr, the author of " easy way quit smoking." The prevention of tobacco smoking was not particularly covered in the book, however, the information stated in the title was presented. Naturally, the work instantly became popular, flying off the bookshelves in a matter of hours.

If you examine this kind of literature, you can come to the conclusion that all of it is built according to a certain scheme: it rather describes methods of dealing with an already existing problem. Nevertheless, there are authors who seek to prevent it, but this information is more likely to be contained in the literature on a healthy lifestyle, rather than directly combating nicotine addiction of the world's population.

Education of the younger generation

Events on actively began to be held in schools and universities around the world. Basically, this kind of fighting methods exist in two varieties: part of the curriculum and separate conferences and seminars. In the first case, special disciplines are introduced that demonstrate the benefits of a healthy lifestyle from childhood. Children are given a structured understanding of the harm caused by smoking to the human body.

In the second case, individual events are most often held, to which specialists in the field of medicine, psychology and sociology are invited, which clearly demonstrate to the growing part of the world's population the perniciousness of this habit, thereby forming a worldview in which smoking will be exclusively negative.

Of course, speaking of preventive measures, one should not forget about communication with parents, because they are the greatest authority for the child in the process of forming his personality. Tobacco prevention, a conversation on this topic should be carried out primarily in a homely, confidential environment in which the child will feel as comfortable as possible. In addition, most researchers argue that the best precaution is to abandon the bad habit of the parents themselves.

Recourse

Help in the fight, and sometimes prevent it, help experts in this field. Of course, everyone will have their own program for the prevention of smoking, and sometimes individually tailored to the client. Most often, this requires special analyzes, passing tests, waiting for the results of certain studies, but in the end, a smoker who wants to "quit" gets his own system of methods to combat nicotine addiction.

Radical measures

In cases where the prevention of smoking does not help, many come to the use of radical measures: suggestion, hypnosis, coding. This kind of means of combating addiction can most often be called effective, but they are extremely aggressive towards the body, and the slightest breakdown can lead to unexpected and sometimes serious consequences.

The simplest methods of struggle

Few people think that in order to abandon a problem of this kind, it is absolutely not necessary to seek outside help. Since quitting smoking causes no physical discomfort other than the dry mouth, coughing, and trembling hands caused by the belief that quitting is necessarily difficult, all that is required is an inner decision. Once a clear position has been formed about the need for refusal, it can be decided whether additional measures are needed. If smoking prevention is being carried out, a reminder can greatly simplify the task. Information in this case should be collected as capaciously as possible, but at the same time compactly. This should become a reminder of the main goal and task of the planned actions, become a constant motivation.

By the way, this technique is often used in hospitals and sanatoriums, and not only in relation to smoking - they fight alcohol and drug addiction in approximately the same way. Oddly enough, it really works: smoking prevention, in which the reminder is still involved, is more effective than without it.

Tobacco smoking is one of the most common types of drug addiction, covering a large number of people and is therefore a household addiction. A smoking cigarette gives the habitual smoker pleasure. The need is especially acute after eating, during drinking, with negative emotions and during hard work. At the same time, inhaled nicotine itself does not have any positive action on the body. A cigarette is more of a distraction: switching consciousness to it helps to push away unpleasant thoughts, to interrupt hard work. Joint smoking facilitates contact between people, is a good pretext for acquaintance. Of some importance are the appearance of a beautifully painted box, elegant packaging, the manner of smoking, mannered exhalation of smoke. These elements of coquetry and additional personality traits are especially significant for women.

However, this mythical benefit is too small compared to the harm associated with smoking. In terms of toxicity, nicotine can be compared with hydrocyanic acid: their lethal doses for humans are the same - 0.08 mg. At the moment when the smoker inhales, the temperature at the tip of the cigarette reaches 600 ° C. At the same time, extremely harmful substances are activated and enter the body: carbon monoxide (carbon monoxide), hydrocyanic acid, ammonia, arsenic, radioactive polonium, lead, bismuth and other compounds that can cause malignant tumors. In the US, smoking is responsible for one in six deaths, more than half of them from cancer.

No one doubts the fact that in our country almost a third of the total population aged 15 years and older smokes. But the data of the All-Union Laboratory on the Problems of Tobacco Smoking are rarely mentioned that out of 100% of systematic smokers, only 5-7% have a habit of smoking, and 93-95% are tobacco dependent. Tobacco addiction is a chronic disease that has legal citizenship in the International Statistical Classification of Diseases, Injuries and Causes of Death. According to V.K. Smirnov (the only doctor of medical sciences in our country in the tobacco smoking clinic): "People with tobacco dependence need medical care, and not simple, but specialized." And this means that only 3-4 million smokers in our country can stop smoking without providing them with medical and psychological assistance.

Passing through the oral cavity, tobacco smoke destroys tooth enamel. Smell and taste gradually become dull. Substances that make up tobacco smoke cause vasospasm, and body tissues receive much less nutrients and oxygen than required. Therefore, the skin loses elasticity, freshness, wrinkles appear early. To push blood through narrowed vessels, the heart is forced to work with great tension, and this contributes to the development of coronary heart disease. Like the heart, the brain and endocrine glands suffer from smoking. Professor L. Ya. Yakobson found that in 11% of cases, sexual weakness in men is the result of smoking. In women, the onset of menopause may be accelerated.

Smoking is most often a weakness of the will, and if you do not have enough strength to stop yourself, consult a doctor.

Many smokers believe that once they have come for treatment, that is enough. Nothing like this. The desire to completely and permanently end smoking is an indispensable condition for getting rid of tobacco addiction. In addition, the success of treatment depends on the willpower of the patient. Tobacco addiction is a painful process that requires long-term treatment, monitoring of it, prevention of relapses. This is a very difficult test, but the smoker must be aware of the harmful effects of tobacco on his health and on the health of those around him, firmly believe in his doctor, and he must be helped by others at work and at home.

Today, there are up to 120 methods of treating tobacco dependence in the world (about 40 are almost constantly used). But none of them is universal, each has its own advantages and disadvantages, each has its own "audience". Experience shows that the isolated use of any method of treatment - medication, acupuncture, vitamins, bioenergetics, laser acupuncture, etc. - without psychotherapy has an insufficient and short-term effect. This is explained by the fact that a person's emotional attachment to a cigarette is so strong that quitting smoking is sometimes tantamount to parting with a close friend. Here the role of the psychotherapist is to gradually "disidealize" the cigarette, to give time to get used to this "tragic" thought of a quick farewell to the "friend". For many, a cigarette is a way of communicating. During breaks, people get to know each other, communicate. Therefore, so that a person does not feel lonely, the practice of group psychotherapy has proven itself well. Usually in 2-3 weeks there is a decline in mental stress, there is a reassessment of the future life without a cigarette. During this period, it is necessary to think about how to distract the patient if, after quitting smoking, he has a feeling spiritual emptiness, loss of a sense of the joy of life, its pleasures.

At present, it is generally accepted that the level of health of a modern person by 50-55% depends on the lifestyle, including the so-called bad habits, among which leading place occupies smoking. However, a smoker does not become a sick person overnight. The transition from health to illness is not sudden. Between these states of the body there are transitional ones, the prevalence of which from the stage "still healthy" to the stage "already a disease" in the population is 66-76% (Yu.P. Gichev, 1990).

The purpose of this work was to identify the biochemical criteria for the boundary between the norm and pathology in young smokers. The work was performed on practically healthy students aged 17-19, smokers (C) and non-smokers (NC). The content of biogenic amines (norepinephrine, dopamine, serotonin and histamine) in the blood of the examined was determined at rest and after exercise in the form of 20 squats in 30 seconds to assess the mechanism of urgent adaptation. In addition, the degree of endogenous intoxication was studied in saliva by the content of medium molecules and medium molecular weight peptides and the intensity of lipid peroxidation by the level of MDA.

The results of the study showed that in K, the response of the sympathetic link to physical activity was reduced, this was manifested by a decrease in norepinephrine in the blood, while in NK, the content of this mediator was increased. In addition, in K, the level of histamine after exercise was significantly higher than in NK, which may be the cause of impaired vascular permeability. The degree of change in the content of dopamine and serotonin in K significantly differed from that in NK. In the saliva of K, a significant increase in both indicators of endogenous intoxication was revealed, as well as an increase in the content of the secondary LPO product, MDA, compared with NK.

Significant changes we found laboratory indicators in the blood and saliva, K indicates a decrease in the body's defenses, a violation of the mechanisms of urgent adaptation and resistance to the risk factor - smoking. It can be assumed that the surveyed group of young smokers is on the verge of pathology, and therefore requires general strengthening and preventive measures.

First of all, the respiratory organs are affected. 98% of deaths from laryngeal cancer, 96% of deaths from lung cancer, 75% of deaths from chronic bronchitis and emphysema are caused by smoking. Tobacco smoke contains over 4000 chemical compounds, more than forty, of which cause cancer, as well as several hundred poisons, including nicotine, cyanide, arsenic, formaldehyde, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, hydrocyanic acid, etc. Cigarette smoke contains radioactive substances: polonium, lead, bismuth. A pack of cigarettes a day is about 500 x-rays of exposure per year! The temperature of a smoldering cigarette is 700 - 900 degrees! The lungs of an experienced smoker are a black, rotting mass.

Not everyone knows that 25% of those who died from coronary heart disease killed themselves by smoking. In addition to the lungs and larynx, the strongest blow is applied to the heart and blood vessels. After each cigarette you smoke, your blood pressure increases and your cholesterol levels rise. Smoking increases the risk of developing atherosclerotic peripheral vascular disease. The arteries of the legs are especially affected in smokers. Due to dysregulation, a steady vasospasm occurs. Their walls are closed, and the blood circulation of the muscles is difficult. The disease is called intermittent claudication. It manifests itself in the fact that during walking suddenly begins sharp pain in the legs, which passes after a couple of minutes, but soon resumes again. The lack of blood supply affects the condition of the tissues of the legs. Due to lack of oxygen, necrosis (gangrene) gradually develops in them. Great amount people have lost their legs due to smoking.

Nicotine is one of the strongest known poisons and is used as an insecticide on the farm. After penetration cigarette smoke into the lungs, nicotine enters the brain in just seven seconds. Chronic and long-term tobacco smoking leads to premature aging. Violation of tissue oxygen supply, spasm small vessels make the appearance of a smoker characteristic - a yellowish tint of the whites of the eyes and skin, its premature withering. In addition, when smoking, a noticeable smell from the mouth appears, the throat becomes inflamed, and the eyes turn red. And you don't care?

Guys, pay attention! Adversely affecting the sex glands, nicotine contributes to the development of sexual weakness in men - IMPOTENCE!!! Therefore, her treatment begins with the fact that the patient is offered to stop smoking.

Nicotine aggravates the course of a number of diseases, such as atherosclerosis, hypertonic disease, gastritis and many others. With diseases such as peptic ulcer, thrombophlebitis, myocardial infarction, recovery without smoking cessation is impossible! Among smokers, gastric and duodenal ulcers are more common, moreover, in case of an ulcer, there is a danger lethal outcome higher in smokers than in non-smokers. There is evidence that smoking can damage cells and alter the status of the immune system, increasing the risk of developing leukemia.

Nicotine is especially harmful to pregnant women, as it leads to the birth of weak, low-weight children, and to lactating women - the incidence and mortality of children in the first years of life increases. After a cigarette smoked by a pregnant woman, a spasm of the blood vessels of the placenta occurs, and the fetus is in a state of slight oxygen starvation for several minutes! With regular smoking during pregnancy, the fetus is in a state of chronic oxygen deficiency almost constantly. The consequence of this is the delay prenatal development fetus. Smoking pregnant exposes herself increased risk possible miscarriage, stillbirth, or low birth weight.

By smoking, you destroy not only yourself, but also people close to you, possibly your own children. Do not smoke in front of non-smokers, especially children! Secondhand smoke, or, as they say, passive smoking or forced smoking, can be the cause of heart disease, lung cancer, asthma, bronchitis. Do not deprive the health of innocent people!

If you smoke, and, after reading everything, have not even thought about what smoking does to your body, then nothing will help you. In the very best case, you will live 10-15 years less than you could. And you will be terribly lucky if you die suddenly from heart attack and not in the terrible throes of lung cancer.

Most smokers like to give examples like: "Here, my grandfather smoked like a steam locomotive and lived to be 80 years old, and Uncle Petya did not drink, did not smoke, and did not reach 50." This is the stupidest kind of self-hypnosis! Yes, everything happens in life. But, firstly, if your grandfather did not smoke, he would have lived all 100. Secondly, any event in this life has some probability, and this probability depends on a bunch of factors. So by smoking you increase the likelihood of your early death ten times! There is a chance that tomorrow you will be hit by a car, but it is extremely small, but the probability of getting lung cancer increases with every cigarette (cigarette, pipe) smoked!

And yet, quitting smoking is half the battle, but not smoking during the first five years, never succumbing to automatic movement, reflex, thoughtless desire, especially during some kind of crisis situation in life, is the second half of the battle.

smoking treatment tobacco disease

The army of smokers has surpassed 1.3 billion and continues to grow. And this is despite the fact that almost 5 million people die every year from smoking. No war or epidemic does such damage to humanity as a cigarette. But people stubbornly continue to pay millions of dollars for something that kills them.

The first cigarette does not bring pleasure to anyone. After smoking appear discomfort: dizziness, nausea, cough. But if for some reason a person decides to continue smoking, then the body gets used to nicotine and other components of tobacco smoke. In the first months, smoking can cause mild euphoria, mobilize internal resources, or vice versa, calm. But over time, these feelings disappear. Nicotine, although it is by nature a poison (toxin), is included in the metabolism. Simply put, the body gets used to the fact that this substance is constantly in the blood. When its concentration decreases, the nervous system gives a signal that it is time to replenish supplies. Then there is a desire to smoke another cigarette. Most often, from the first cigarette to the formation of nicotine addiction or tobacco substance abuse, it takes 1 year.

How does smoking affect the human body?

How do harmful substances enter the body?

When you inhale, the temperature at the tip of the cigarette reaches 800 degrees. Under such conditions, dry distillation of tobacco occurs. This means that the inhaled air, passing through the layer of heated tobacco, carries with it volatile substances and the smallest solid particles. They penetrate into the mouth, trachea, bronchi and into the alveoli of the lungs with the air flow. Due to the fact that tobacco smoke is an aerosol of small particles, they quickly reach the most remote areas. respiratory system. Through the wall of the alveoli, permeated with blood vessels, harmful substances easily penetrate into the blood and are carried throughout the body. So, 8 seconds after the first puff, the brain already feels the effect of nicotine.

What are the harms of smoking?

development of caries. The flow of hot air with resin particles damages the enamel of the teeth. It turns yellow and is covered with microcracks. Gradually, the cracks increase, bacteria and acids penetrate into them, destroying the deeper layers of the tooth and causing caries. This leads to the fact that 45% of smokers over 65 do not have their teeth. Among non-smokers, this figure is 2 times lower.

Inflammatory diseases of the respiratory organs. Tobacco smoke, saturated with caustic particles, irritates the mucous membrane of the mouth, larynx, trachea and bronchi, causing its atrophy. It becomes thinner and performs its protective functions worse. The villous epithelium, which should bring out foreign particles and microorganisms, does not cope with its task. The lungs become clogged, favorable conditions are created for the reproduction of bacteria. Therefore, smokers often suffer from bronchitis and pneumonia. So, 90% of people who have been smoking for more than 7 years suffer from “smoker's bronchitis”.

Chronic emphysema. In the small bronchi and alveoli of the lungs is deposited tobacco tar. This substance leads to the destruction of cells. Small bronchioles collapse and when you exhale, the pressure in the lungs increases sharply. The walls of the alveoli become thinner and collapse, leading to the formation of cavities. The tissue of the lung ceases to be elastic and stretches, which leads to an increase in volume chest. Gas exchange in the lungs is disturbed. They do not sufficiently enrich the blood with oxygen, the body experiences oxygen starvation. According to statistics, 9 out of 10 people with emphysema are smokers. The disease develops over 10-15 years if you smoke a pack of cigarettes a day.

Peptic ulcer of the stomach and 12 duodenal ulcer. Smoking reduces the production of saliva, which partially neutralizes the effect of hydrochloric acid in the stomach. Tobacco smoke causes the secretion of digestive juices in the stomach and small intestine even if there is no food. Active substances corrode the mucous membrane of the digestive organs, leading to the appearance of erosion. These minor injuries do not heal, but turn into ulcers due to poor blood supply and reduced immunity. Therefore, gastric ulcer in smokers occurs 2 times more often than in their peers.

Poisoning of the nervous system. Nicotine is a poison that has a toxic effect on the nervous system. This toxin affects the nervous system: the brain and cells of the intermediate ganglions that control the work of internal organs. Nicotine disrupts the passage of nerve impulses from the brain to organs and muscles. This leads to a decrease in all kinds of sensitivity. Smokers do not feel the taste and aroma so clearly, their sense of touch is disturbed, chills are often observed. Violation nervous regulation leads to indigestion: constipation and painful intestinal cramps.

Stroke. Smokers have a 2-fold increased risk of ischemic stroke (associated with circulatory disorders). This is the result sharp narrowing brain vessels or blockage of one of them with a blood clot. Vascular weakness and a short-term increase in pressure during smoking cause a rupture of the vessel, accompanied by a hemorrhage in the brain - a hemorrhagic stroke. People who smoke have it 4 times more often than their peers.

Cancer tumors. Carcinogenic components of tobacco smoke penetrate the bloodstream and are carried throughout the body. They damage the DNA of cells. Such cells with altered genetic material become the basis of a cancerous tumor. Immune suppression leads to the fact that insufficient killer cells are produced in the body. Their task is to recognize and destroy mutated cells. In smokers, this mechanism of protection against cancer is impaired, and they often become victims of oncological diseases. So 90% of lung cancer cases are caused by smoking. Cancer often affects other organs: lips, larynx, esophagus, stomach, liver, kidneys, prostate, rectum, pancreas and thyroid glands.

Osteoporosis. Tobacco toxins stimulate the production of two proteins that are responsible for flushing calcium from bones. These substances activate osteoclast cells, which are responsible for the destruction of old bone tissue. Therefore, in smokers, bones are destroyed faster than they are restored.

Vascular disorders. Under the influence of tobacco combustion products, the walls of blood vessels become dense, insufficiently elastic, brittle and covered with cracks. The content of cholesterol in the blood increases, which is deposited on the walls in the form of atherosclerotic plaques. They narrow the lumen of the vessel. The likelihood of thrombus formation and inflammation of the vein wall around it increases. The separation of a blood clot can cause sudden death. The narrowing of the coronary vessels, which provide the work of the heart, provokes the development of coronary heart disease and heart attack.

Obliterating endarteritis. In smokers, blood flow in the extremities is reduced by 35-40%. The reason lies in the chronic vasospasm and the deposition of atherosclerotic plaques on the walls of the vessels. In addition, a violation of the conduction of nerve impulses leads to a decrease in sensitivity. The disease begins with rapid fatigue, intermittent lameness. Later, tissues deprived of blood supply and innervation die off, and gangrene begins.

Slow wound healing. The deterioration of blood circulation and a decrease in metabolism lead to the fact that skin cells do not divide actively enough. As a result, wound healing is slower. It has been noticed that smokers have 50% more width of the scar formed at the site of surgical sutures.

Visual impairment and tearing caused irritant tobacco smoke and optic nerve atrophy. At hypersensitivity smokers may experience swelling of the eyelids. Vasoconstriction eyeball disrupts the function of the retina, leads to the death of its cells, which negatively affects visual acuity.

Sexual problems. Premature ejaculation, decreased potency, deterioration of sperm quality - these problems are associated with impaired blood supply to the genital organs. Due to vasoconstriction and damage to the arteries, blood flow to the penis worsens, which reduces the quality of erection. The spermatozoa of smokers are not sufficiently mobile and less capable of fertilization, as they have been exposed to nicotine and other substances. If the fusion of the egg and the sperm damaged by nicotine did occur, then the fetus is worse attached to the wall of the uterus.

Menstrual disorders. Long, heavy, painful, irregular periods and early menopause are 50% more common in women who smoke than in non-smokers. The work of the female genital organs is closely related to the functioning of the nervous system and blood vessels, which suffer from the action of nicotine.

Complications of pregnancy. Smoking increases the risk of ectopic pregnancy by 2.5 times, the risk of miscarriage by 25%, the risk of placental abruption by 50%. The risk of having a premature baby is doubled. The course of pregnancy depends on the functioning of the vessels of the uterus and placenta. Smoking causes their narrowing, and the child receives insufficient oxygen and nutrients. In addition, disturbances in the nervous regulation lead to contraction of the uterus and the expulsion of the fetus from it.

Congenital malformations in the fetus. Craniofacial anomalies (cleft palate and cleft lip), heart defects, inguinal hernia, strabismus - the risk of developing these pathologies increases by 25-50%. If the child's brain experiences oxygen starvation, then there is a high probability of the birth of a child with mental disabilities and mental retardation. 40% of children whose mothers smoked during pregnancy have an increased tendency to convulsions.

Frequent colds and infections: tuberculosis, fungal pneumonia, influenza, whooping cough. Smoking leads to a decrease in the number of cells that protect the lungs - pulmonary lymphocytes. In addition, there are not enough immunoglobulins in the blood of smokers - antibodies that recognize and attack viruses and bacteria.

What are the social and psychological causes of smoking?

Sociologists have conducted research to identify the social and psychological causes of smoking. Young people were asked "Why did you start smoking?". Opinions were divided in this way.

Curiosity 40%. In the mind of most non-smokers, the thought periodically arises: “What kind of pleasure does a smoking person get, what sensations does he have?”
The desire to join the company - 20%. A person is driven by the fear of becoming an outcast in smoking company. This applies to groups of adolescents and adults who came to new team. It gives the impression that critical issues are solved in a smoking-room. And who does not smoke, he remains outside of public life.
Peer pressure - 8%. Smoking peers often agitate to "try", ridicule those who do not smoke.
Stress Relief - 6%. The life of teenagers is full of stress, internal conflicts and quarrels with others. Their nervous system is not yet stable and young people resort to smoking to relax.

Psychologists who study nicotine addiction identify a number of socio-psychological reasons.

1. Self-affirmation in the eyes of peers, the desire to become cooler.
2. Striving to be an adult. Prove your “maturity” to yourself and others.
3. Extra pleasure. They start smoking in a comfortable situation: on vacation with friends, using alcoholic drinks.
4. Nothing to keep yourself busy. Smoking helps pass the time, replaces computer games.
5. Impress and live up to expectations. To create an image of a tough guy, young people have to smoke.
6. According to Freud, smoking is a consequence of "oral fixation". Up to a year, all the pleasant moments are associated with sucking. If for some reason to deprive him of a child, then a psychological trauma remains for life and oral fixation occurs. An adult who has endured such a situation continues to suck a pen, bite his nails or smoke.
7. The pleasure of the process, playing with a cigarette, the opportunity to purchase beautiful accessories: ashtrays, lighters, smoke rings.
8. Increasing concentration and performance. The first 15-20 minutes after smoking a cigarette, the brain works more productively. Some use this effect to improve performance.
9. Conditioned reflex. For some, a break at work, drinking alcohol, coffee may be associated with smoking. A person reaches for a cigarette only in these situations.
10. Fear of gaining weight. Smoking activates the metabolism. Therefore, people who are trying to lose weight at any cost resort to smoking, among other things.
11. Lack of awareness about the dangers of smoking. So most young women do not know how dangerous smoking is for future offspring.
12. Heredity. There is a theory that if a mother smoked during pregnancy, then her child, having matured, will be prone to smoking, as he constantly lacks nicotine.

No smoking law

• protect non-smokers from the effects of passive smoking;
• protect youth from the temptation to join the ranks of smokers;
• help to get rid of addiction, those who already smoke.

What methods are used to fight smoking, according to the law?

• Smoking ban in in public places which entered into force on June 1, 2014. Smoking is prohibited in workplaces, in rooms where they teach, treat and provide a variety of services. The ban applies to trains, platforms, stations, airports, restaurants, clubs, beaches, playgrounds, stairwells apartment buildings, places of trade. Smoking a cigarette is allowed only in specially designated areas or rooms equipped with ventilation. Although such restrictions caused an uproar among the smoking part of the population, they nevertheless helped to significantly reduce the number of cigarettes smoked.
• Rising prices for cigarettes. Minimum prices for cigarettes have been set and excises on tobacco products have increased. The government believes that a standard pack of cigarettes should cost at least 55 rubles in order to significantly reduce the demand for them.
• Marking on a pack of cigarettes. Each pack must contain truthful information about the content of nicotine and other harmful substances, as well as one of the warning labels about the dangers of smoking. They are placed on the front side and occupy 50% of the area. The inscription on the back of the pack must occupy at least 30%.
• Information fight against smoking. Education should be carried out in the family, at school and at work, as well as in the media. The goal is to teach people to take care of their health and provide comprehensive information about the dangers of smoking.
• Tobacco advertising ban. Commercials and promotions that are aimed at promoting smoking or any brand of tobacco products are prohibited. Smoking is prohibited in films and programs for children. But in programs for an adult audience, smoking scenes should be accompanied by captions with anti-advertising.
• Medical assistance aimed at combating nicotine addiction. Physicians are required to diagnose a smoker's psychological and physical addiction to nicotine. It is the duty of the health worker to explain to the person what risks he is exposed to and to help get rid of the bad habit.
• Restriction of trade in tobacco products and prohibition of illegal trade. Tobacco products can now only be sold in stores or trade pavilions. Putting packs of cigarettes on display is prohibited. Instead, there should be an alphabetical listing with prices, but no product logos or other advertising elements. It is forbidden to sell cigarettes a hundred meters from educational institutions. It is forbidden to trade at railway stations, service enterprises, in premises occupied by authorities and youth organizations.
• Protecting children from tobacco use. It is forbidden to sell cigarettes to minors. Therefore, the seller has the right to demand a passport to make sure that he does not commit a crime.

How to quit smoking?

E-Sigs

• indicator light - simulates the fire of a cigarette;
• the accumulator providing work of a cigarette;
• steam generator - a spray device that creates steam;
• a replaceable cartridge that contains a liquid that determines the taste of the vapor. One cartridge replaces a pack of regular cigarettes.

When you take a puff, a stream of air passes through the steam generator and a fragrant vapor is formed, consisting of the smallest particles of smoking liquid. Its advantage over a regular cigarette is the absence of tobacco combustion products: tar, carcinogens. In addition, others do not suffer from tobacco smoke.

Electronic cigarettes are considered by some as a means to help people quit smoking. It can help reduce physical dependence on nicotine. In the initial stages, use liquid for an electronic cigarette with high content nicotine. After a while, it is replaced with another liquid with a lower nicotine content. Thus, they are gradually switching to a nicotine-free filler.

Negative sides electronic cigarettes

Experts say that these devices are no less harmful than traditional tobacco products. It is possible that they are much more dangerous than expected.

Facts about the dangers of electronic cigarettes:

Synthetic components and flavorings are used to create liquids, which penetrate deep into the lungs. Regular inhalation of such substances can lead to bronchial asthma and other undesirable consequences.

Vapor has been proven to contain glycerol and its esters, propylene glycol, combustion products of flavors and substances emitted by the materials from which the cigarette is made. These components are harmful to health, they have a toxic effect on the body and cause kidney pathology.

Smoking is a bad example for children. They don't care what their parents smoke. Therefore, there is a high risk that children will become addicted to this bad habit.

WHO experts propose to ban the use of electronic cigarettes until serious clinical trials are carried out and a law regulating their production is worked out.

Since June 1, 2013, the sale of electronic cigarettes has been banned in Russia in accordance with the law on the prohibition of smoking. These devices fit the description of “tobacco-imitating products” and are therefore subject to the ban.

Medications to help you quit smoking

Psychological help to quit smoking

Think about which of the effects of smoking scare you the most. There are a lot of them:

• Gangrene and amputation of the legs;
• cancerous tumors;
• Decomposition of the lungs;
• Sudden death due to a stroke or heart attack;
• Asthma and bronchitis in children who are victims of passive smoking.

Don't look for signs of withdrawal. Studies have shown that the likelihood of developing a withdrawal syndrome is not so great. If you still notice that your memory has deteriorated, and it has become more difficult to concentrate, then take a tincture of ginseng or eleutherococcus. These natural stimulants no worse than nicotine, they activate the activity of the nervous system and metabolic processes, and in addition, they will help to quickly cleanse the body of toxins.

Who can help in the fight against nicotine addiction?

For individual or group psychotherapy, you can contact a narcological dispensary or a psychologist specializing in getting rid of addictions. Statistics say that psychotherapeutic assistance increases the chances of success by 1.5 times.

Get free help from a psychotherapist can be in state and municipal medical institutions. A prerequisite is the referral of your doctor from the clinic. In addition, free consultations can be obtained in rehabilitation centers.

Paid consultations can be obtained from public health facilities without a referral. As well as in non-state psychiatric and neuropsychiatric institutions and with a private psychotherapist.

Many effective psychological techniques have been developed to help quit smoking.

1. Methodology of Vladimir Zhdanov

   The technique is known as the Four Stinky Breaths. Its goal is to cause a persistent aversion to smoking. To do this, you need to taste tobacco smoke, chew it.

   When you feel like smoking, do not inhale the smoke into your lungs, but hold it in your mouth. Tilt your head back, close your nose, and chew the smoke vigorously with your mouth closed. After 20 seconds in the mouth will appear bad taste. Continue chewing for another 10 seconds, and then push the smoke into your lungs. Unpleasant sensations and the urge to cough will appear - these are the receptors that are designed to protect you from tobacco smoke. To fix the result, take 2 more puffs of “chewed” smoke.

   Fourth breath - tighten on full lungs. After that, cough up the smoke, straining your muscles. abdominals. After that, write down on the pack the date and time when you took 4 stinky breaths. After that, you can't smoke. If the urge to inhale becomes irresistible, then repeat the smoke chewing technique.

   Video lectures by Professor Zhdanov help to strengthen motivation. They act in two directions: they clearly demonstrate the harm from smoking and create the necessary psychological mood.

2. Allen Carr "The Easy Way to Quit Smoking"

   The technique was developed over 30 years ago. Statistics say that every year, thanks to it, 1 million people quit smoking. The purpose of the technique is to help a person quit smoking without willpower, drugs or other aids.

   The essence of the technique is described in the book of the same name. Briefly describe this method can be 2 points.

   1. Make a firm conscious decision that you will never smoke again.
   2. Enjoy your new life and don't get depressed.
   The book is very reasoned to show why you should stop smoking, and what benefits you get by making a choice in favor of a healthy lifestyle. This helps to get rid of doubts and temptations to smoke the “last cigarette”.
   
3. Smoking coding

   This method is based on hypnotic suggestion and bio-electrical influence on the subconscious. Coding helps to develop a conditioned reflex directed against smoking.

   The purpose of coding is to inspire a person with an aversion to smoking. Coding is carried out by psychologists and psychotherapists. In some cases, priests and traditional healers own this method.

   Only a person who has already decided to quit smoking can be coded. In the event that he came following the persuasion of relatives, then the effect of coding will be short-lived. Another condition for successful coding is the qualification of a specialist.

   Hypnosis and acupuncture help to enhance the effect on the psyche. Some successfully use the placebo effect. The patient is told that after taking a mega-effective drug, he will never have the desire to smoke again. And although under the guise of a medicine in a capsule there may be ordinary sugar, the idea is firmly rooted in the mind that there is no more craving for tobacco.

4. Neuro-Linguistic Programming. Swing technique

   This technique is based on the reprogramming of the subconscious. Its purpose is to create in the subconscious mind a vivid image of what you want to become. It is suitable for almost all people and helps to get rid of different types of addiction at the same time. NLP is used by psychologists, but you can get rid of bad habits on your own.

   The swing technique consists of five steps.

   Stage 1. Answer the questions.

   • Why do I smoke?
   • How does this change my life?
   • What are the benefits of smoking for me?
   Stage 2. Determine the motive for quitting smoking.
   • What can I achieve by quitting smoking?
   • What benefits will I get if I quit smoking?
   Stage 3. Formation of a negative image of the "starter key"

   Imagine a not-too-pleasant picture of smoking. For example, a yellow bony hand holding a cigarette.

   Stage 4. Formation of a "positive image"

   Imagine a positive picture of yourself proudly telling your friends that you have overcome your addiction.

   Stage 5 Change of images.

   Imagine a negative image, and then replace it with a positive one. Take a short break and repeat the exercise. Gradually increase the pace of changing pictures. You can accompany them with a wave of your hand or a snap of your fingers. The positive image should become more and more vivid in your mind, and the negative image should become clouded until it completely disappears.

5. Acupuncture

   This smoking cessation technique was developed more than 40 years ago by the Chinese neurosurgeon H.L. Venom. It is based on the fact that smoking is a conditioned reflex - the path that a nerve impulse travels in the brain. When nervous excitement once again passes along this path, there is a desire to smoke.

   The goal of acupuncture is to eradicate this reflex. acting on reflex points auricle or wrist, the specialist interrupts the passage of impulses along the reflex path.

   Sessions should be conducted by an experienced reflexologist. The duration of the sessions is 20-80 minutes. To get a lasting result, one needs 2 sessions, while others need 10-20.

Remember that the only condition that will allow you to quit smoking once and for all is your firm and conscious desire to get rid of this bad habit. If you are determined to get rid of addiction, then you will definitely succeed!

Smoking coding