Heart attack call an ambulance. Symptoms of a heart attack in women. What to do in case of a heart attack

A heart attack is a serious pathological condition caused by an acute shortage of blood supply to the heart muscle, followed by the development of the death of a section of this muscle. Necrosis of the heart muscle is called myocardial infarction.

The most common symptoms of a heart attack are:

LOCALIZATION: in the chest area (behind the sternum), pain can radiate to the left arm to the forearm, hand, left shoulder blade, left half of the neck and lower jaw, as well as to both shoulders, both arms, upper abdomen;

CHARACTER OF PAIN: pressing, squeezing, burning or bursting intense pain. Pain stabbing, cutting, aching, aggravated by a change in body position or breathing are not characteristic of a true heart attack.

Pain is often accompanied by shortness of breath, weakness, severe sweating.

DURATION OF PAIN more than 5 minutes.

What should be done in the event of a heart attack?

1. Sit down (preferably in a chair with armrests) or lie down in bed with a raised headboard.

2. Release the neck and ensure the supply of fresh air (open the vents or window).

3. Take 0.25 g of aspirin (chew the tablet, swallow it) and 0.5 mg of nitroglycerin (put the tablet/capsule under the tongue, bite the capsule first, do not swallow).

If after taking nitroglycerin there is a sharp weakness, sweating, shortness of breath, or a sharp headache, then you need to lie down, raise your legs (on a roller, pillow, etc.), drink 1 glass of water and then do not take nitroglycerin.

If, after taking aspirin and nitroglycerin, the pain completely disappeared and the condition improved, it is necessary to call a doctor at home and subsequently act on his instructions.

4. If the pain persists, it is necessary to take nitroglycerin a second time and urgently call an ambulance. If 10 minutes after taking the second dose of nitroglycerin, pain persists, it is necessary to take nitroglycerin a third time.

ATTENTION!. If aspirin or nitroglycerin is not available, and the pain persists for more than 5 minutes, call an ambulance immediately.

A patient with a heart attack is strictly forbidden to get up, walk, smoke and eat food until the special permission of the doctor;

it is forbidden. take aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid) if it is intolerant (allergic reactions) and has already been taken on that day, as well as with a clear exacerbation of gastric ulcer and duodenal ulcer;

it is forbidden. take nitroglycerin with low blood pressure, with severe weakness, sweating, as well as with severe headache, dizziness, acute visual impairment, speech or coordination of movements.

When calling for an ambulance, speak briefly and clearly.

Ambulance call text outline

Today at ______ h. ______ min. (who, age) has pain (intensity, character) in the area (localization of pain), extending or spreading to (area of ​​pain distribution). After taking one tablet of aspirin and nitroglycerin (number of tablets, capsules, inhalations), the pain persists. Previously, such pains have never been, (if there were, then when). In addition, it worries (shortness of breath, weakness, palpitations, nausea, vomiting, or other manifestations of the disease). Address (street, house number, building and entrance, entrance from the street or courtyard, code number on the front door, floor, apartment). It is better to approach from the side ....

What is desirable to prepare for the arrival of an ambulance doctor?

All medicines or packages of medicines that the patient took the day before.

A list of drugs that the patient does not tolerate or that cause him an allergy.

Films with recording of electrocardiograms, preferably arranged in order, according to the dates of their registration.

Available medical documents (certificates, extracts), arranged in chronological order.

If you have been diagnosed with coronary heart disease or are at increased risk of a heart attack according to your doctor, you need to know the rules of first aid for a heart attack well and always have aspirin and nitroglycerin in your pocket.

In addition, it is advisable that your relatives living with you master the basic skills of cardiopulmonary resuscitation, determining the pulse rate and measuring blood pressure.

According to the materials of the official website of the All-Russian Scientific Society of Cardiologists
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What to do in case of a heart attack

For the successful detection and treatment of diseases of the circulatory system, the timeliness of patients seeking medical help is extremely important, and this is especially important in acute conditions.

Every year in Russia, 570,000 people develop a heart attack and 340,000 die from it (60% mortality rate). Moreover, in most cases, death occurs in the first minutes and hours from the onset of an attack - at home, in the country, at work, in public and other places even before the arrival of an ambulance.

The likelihood of death from a heart attack can be significantly reduced if the patient acts according to these recommendations and calls an ambulance in a timely manner. Within the first hour, about 50% of all those who die from a heart attack die. Residents of many countries of the world call an ambulance after 2-4 hours from the onset of a heart attack, in Russia this happens - after 8-10 hours! This is one of the main causes of ultra-high mortality, especially for men in our country.

Heart attack- a severe pathological condition caused by an acute shortage of blood supply to the heart muscle (blockage by a thrombus and / or spasm, usually in the area of ​​​​an atherosclerotic plaque of the artery that feeds the heart) with the development of ischemia and necrosis (death) of this muscle area. Necrosis of the heart muscle is called myocardial infarction, and death in the first hour after the onset of an attack is called sudden cardiac or coronary death.

How can you tell if it's a heart attack?

For a heart attack, the most characteristic appearance in the chest area (behind the sternum), left shoulder (forearm), left shoulder blade, left half of the neck and lower jaw, both shoulders, both arms, lower sternum, along with the upper abdomen, intense pains of pressing, squeezing, burning or breaking nature (pains are stabbing, cutting, aching, aggravated by a change in body position or breathing are not typical). Not infrequently, shortness of breath, weakness, or severe sweating appear against the background of pain for no obvious reason. A heart attack is characterized by a pain duration of more than 5 minutes.

What should be done in the event of a heart attack?

In the event of a heart attack, you must follow the instructions received from the attending physician or (if there was no such instruction) act according to the following algorithm (a brief summary of it is shown in the figure).

Sit down (preferably in a chair with armrests) or lie down in bed with a raised headboard, take 0.25 g of aspirin (chew the tablet, swallow) and 0.5 mg of nitroglycerin (put the tablet / capsule under the tongue, bite the capsule first, do not swallow); release the neck and ensure the supply of fresh air (open the vents or window).

If after taking nitroglycerin there is a sharp weakness, sweating, shortness of breath, you need to lie down, raise your legs (on a roller, etc.), drink 1 glass of water and then, as with a severe headache, do not take nitroglycerin.

If, after taking aspirin and nitroglycerin, the pain completely disappeared and the condition improved, it is necessary to call the local (family) doctor at home and subsequently act on his instructions.

If the pain persists, it is necessary to take nitroglycerin a second time and urgently call an ambulance. If 10 minutes after taking the second dose of nitroglycerin, pain persists, it is necessary to take nitroglycerin a third time.

ATTENTION! If aspirin or nitroglycerin is not available, and the pain persists for more than 5 minutes, call an ambulance immediately. A patient with a heart attack is strictly forbidden to get up, walk, smoke and eat food until the special permission of the doctor; you can’t take aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid) if you are intolerant of it (allergic reactions) and have already taken it on that day, as well as with a clear exacerbation of gastric ulcer and duodenal ulcer; you can not take nitroglycerin with low blood pressure, with severe weakness, sweating, as well as with severe headache, dizziness, acute visual impairment, speech or coordination of movements.

Ambulance call text outline

When calling an ambulance, it is advisable to use the text scheme below - appeals to the ambulance dispatcher and try to speak briefly and clearly.

"Today at ______ hours ______ minutes at ( who, age) pain occurred ( intensity, character) in the area of ​​( localization of pain) giving or propagating in ( area of ​​pain). After taking one tablet of aspirin and nitroglycerin ( number of tablets, capsules, inhalations) pain persists. Never had such pain before. if so when). In addition, worries shortness of breath, weakness, palpitations, nausea, vomiting, or other manifestations of the disease). Address ( street, number of the house, building and entrance, entrance from the street or from the yard, code number on the front door, floor, apartment). It is better to approach from the side ... ".

What is desirable to prepare for the arrival of an ambulance doctor?

• All medicines or packages of medicines that the patient took the day before.
• A list of drugs that the patient does not tolerate or that cause him an allergy.
• Films with recording of electrocardiograms, preferably arranged in order, according to the dates of their registration.
• Available medical documents (certificates, extracts), arranged in chronological order.

In addition, it is advisable that your relatives living with you master the basic skills of cardiopulmonary resuscitation, determining the pulse rate on the carotid arteries and measuring blood pressure.

These simple measures of self-help and mutual help reduce mortality from a heart attack many times over and will save the life of your family and friends!

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Heart attack- a serious pathological condition caused by an acute shortage of blood supply to the heart muscle (associated with blockage by a thrombus and / or spasm, as a rule, in the area of ​​\u200b\u200batherosclerotic plaque of the artery that feeds the heart), as well as the development of ischemia and necrosis (death) of this muscle area.

Necrosis of the heart muscle is a myocardial infarction. In the first hour from the onset of an attack, the so-called sudden cardiac or coronary death may occur.

Currently, about a third of heart attacks occurring in people living in Europe are fatal. And this is not so little, because the number of heart attacks is estimated in hundreds of thousands of cases per year and is the main cause of death in civilized countries.

Most often, death from a heart attack occurs within the first two hours and is associated with the inability of the heart to maintain normal blood circulation in the body. If after a heart attack a person survived, then every day that moves the person who suffered an attack away from this incident, the chances of restoring health increase.

The danger of a heart attack lies in the fact that people usually do not pay due attention to the pain and other symptoms that are characteristic of a heart attack, which is the main mistake leading to irreversible pathologies and death.

Therefore, it is necessary to know the basic heart attack symptoms, which may indicate heart attack.
One of the most frequent heart attack symptoms is prolonged pain, which is localized in the chest area. In this case, the patient has a feeling of unpleasant pressure in the chest, sometimes there is a feeling of heartburn.

Pain can occur in the left side of the body: in the arm to the forearm, in the shoulder blade, in the left side of the neck. It is also possible the appearance of pain in the hands, in the lower jaw, in the shoulder area, in the upper abdomen. The pain is prolonged and can be pressing, cutting, aching and burning in nature.

A characteristic symptom indicating a heart attack is shortness of breath, which manifests itself even with minimal activity, as well as at rest. This is due to the fact that the heart does not receive the necessary amount of blood for its normal functioning. In addition, a person may feel weakness, heart palpitations. He may be sweating.

You should pay attention to the work of the heart and if there is increased fatigue. At the same time, the feeling of fatigue does not go away for several days, weeks or even months. Accompanying a heart attack may be stomach pain, nausea, and vomiting. Most often, these symptoms are not associated with heart disease, but you should pay attention to them if they appear in a normal diet and are not associated with poor-quality food intake.
Sometimes there is a temporary loss of consciousness.

A heart attack may be preceded by an increased heart rate, which manifests itself as a fast and irregular pulse.

Precursors of a heart attack can be conditions such as anxiety, discomfort, insomnia.

However, chest pain is not always heart attack symptoms, since they are also characteristic of intercostal neuralgia. In order to accurately determine the disease, you need to pay attention to several points:

1. Pain conditions. The pain characteristic of heart disease is usually associated with some kind of stress (physical or mental). While with neuralgia, pain can occur with a sharp turn of the body or for no reason at all.
2. Pain relief conditions. Pain in a heart attack is relieved by taking nitroglycerin after a few minutes, while with neuralgia this drug is ineffective.
3. The nature of the pain. With cardiac pathology, the pain is pressing, cutting, stabbing, aching. With neuralgia - paroxysmal, stabbing, encircling character; aggravated by movements of the trunk, during coughing, sneezing and deep breaths.

In addition to intercostal neuralgia, a number of other diseases have similar symptoms.
In the event of nausea and stomach pain, a heart attack can be confused with food poisoning, perforated stomach ulcers, and acute cholecystitis.

With right-sided pain, this pathology of the heart is similar to the symptoms of pneumonia or pleurisy. Unlike these diseases, a heart attack is almost always accompanied by symptoms such as weakness, a drop in blood pressure, and shortness of breath.

Symptoms of a heart attack are similar to acute pericarditis. The hallmark of pericarditis is chest murmurs that can be heard with a stethoscope. With pericarditis, pain appears along with fever, an increase in ESR, and leukocytosis. The pain subsides in the sitting position.

Heart attack symptoms similar to shingles. To distinguish this disease from the pathology of the heart, it is necessary to examine the places where pain appears. With shingles, vesicles appear in the area of ​​pain along the intercostal nerve. The diagnosis is clarified and the absence of changes in the work of the heart with the help of an ECG.

In determining the nature of the pathological process, the key role is played by the ECG and the determination of the composition of cardiac enzymes in the blood.

The use of the CARDIOVISOR increases the detection of abnormalities leading to a heart attack from 20 (with a conventional ECG) to 80 percent (with the CARDIOVISOR).

Classical electrocardiography has a number of disadvantages, such as low sensitivity and specificity in relation to some pathological processes in the heart. One of the modern ways aimed at eliminating the shortcomings of the classical method of studying the work of the heart is dispersion mapping of heart signals, which is implemented using the CARDIOVISOR device. When using the classic ECG recording, the teeth are analyzed, while the modern method of dispersion mapping is aimed at analyzing low-amplitude fluctuations, which can be used to judge impending myocardial pathologies long before the appearance of changes in the teeth. Therefore, using this modern method, it is possible to obtain information about the approaching disease at an earlier stage.

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Heart attack is one of the most common causes of sudden death. Nobody is safe from it. Especially those people who have crossed a certain age limit. But, unfortunately, heart attacks are increasingly observed at a fairly young age. In this case, the symptoms in women are somewhat different from the signs of pathology in men. They are more blurred and not expressed. And this leads to the fact that death rates in women from heart attacks are steadily increasing.

How to correctly recognize the first heart attack? And what to do in this situation? How can you help yourself or a loved one?

What is a heart attack

Pathology often leads to death. But doctors say that if first aid is provided in a timely manner, and a team of doctors is called, then the patient can be saved. Most likely, if urgent therapeutic measures could not be taken. In this case, death occurs as a result of extensive damage to the heart and complications that have arisen.

What happens in the body with this pathology? Symptoms of a heart attack in women appear if one of the arteries that feed the myocardium ceases to function fully. It does not deliver blood to the main organ in full. This causes damage to parts of the tissue begin to die off. The patient is in dire need of qualified assistance. Otherwise, death.

What can cause a heart attack? Symptoms in women occur against the background of a violation of the blood flow of blood vessels. Pathology can manifest itself as a result of a sudden spasm. Often an attack is provoked by an unexpected blockage of a vessel by cholesterol or a blood clot. Regardless of the factor that caused the pathology, there is only one reason for the death of heart tissue - a lack of oxygen.

Factors leading to a heart attack

There are many reasons that can trigger a heart attack. Symptoms in women in most cases are similar regardless of the source of the pathology.

The main provoking factors include:

• age (after 55 years, a woman enters the risk zone);
• hereditary factor;
• undergone surgery to remove the ovaries;
• period after menopause.

Additional sources of pathology

However, there are other causes that provoke a heart attack, which can be eliminated or negated their negative impact on the body.

These factors are:

1. Smoking, addiction to alcohol, drug addiction. These factors are number one. Smokers are almost always diagnosed with heart disease. Alcohol intoxication worsens the situation several times. Often an acute attack occurs in a state of deep hangover.
2. Taking birth control pills. Sometimes such a factor leads to the appearance of pathology in women who have not even reached the age of 40.
3. High cholesterol. Vessels clogged with plaques experience serious overload. Of course, the heart does not receive enough blood. He has to work hard.
4. Obesity. Organs swollen with fat do not allow the myocardium to work at full strength. This is a fairly common cause leading to cardiac disorders.
5. Inactivity. As a rule, this factor is combined with obesity or overweight.
6. Hypertension. High blood pressure overloads the heart muscle and blood vessels.
7. Diabetes. This is a pathology that provokes many different disorders in the body. Suffering from the disease and the cardiovascular system.
8. Inflammatory processes in the vessels. They provoke a rupture of the coronary artery. Inflammation causes an increase in reactive protein in the body. This picture is observed most often in women. And what caused the increase in protein, doctors are not yet ready to say.
9. Hypothyroidism. The disease often becomes a source of heart disease. It can provoke an attack.
10. chronic stress. This condition is the cause of the development of most diseases in the body. First of all, stress negatively affects the work of the heart.

Classic signs

Let's look at what are the most common symptoms of a heart attack?

Pathology is characterized by the following main features:

1. There is pain in the chest area. This is the most characteristic symptom of an impending heart attack. But pain doesn't always happen. Some people feel discomfort, tightness, a certain pressure in the chest. In this case, pain is completely absent. Patients claim that it becomes difficult for them to breathe, there is a feeling, "as if someone stepped on their chest." Very often, people believe that a heart attack causes pain only in the sternum and unpleasant discomfort in the left arm. You should know that negative sensations can appear in any other parts of the body: in the shoulders, in the throat, in the upper part of the peritoneum, in the jaws, teeth, and back.
2. Strong sweating, perspiration. Notice when this symptom appears. Of particular concern is increased sweating in a person who is in a cool room, and not in the heat. Perspiration that appeared in the absence of physical activity may indicate problems. Severe sweating causes blockage of the arteries. The heart needs to work harder to pump enough blood. To maintain a normal temperature with an additional load, the body releases a large amount of sweat. If you encounter such a problem, be sure to consult your doctor.
3. Dyspnea. If such attacks occur after a small load (climbing a couple of floors, walking), you should consult a doctor. Very often shortness of breath is a symptom of heart disease. Especially if it is accompanied by severe fatigue and chest pain. Women are more likely to experience these symptoms. It is shortness of breath and fatigue that usually warn of an impending heart attack.

Additional symptoms

With a classic attack, often there are:

1. Problems with the gastrointestinal tract. Very often, disorders in the digestive tract appear before an attack. Indigestion, heartburn, nausea may occur. These symptoms are often combined with dizziness. However, do not forget that such symptoms can be inherent in a number of pathologies.
2. Numbness of the fingers. Can only cover brushes. But sometimes the numbness extends to the shoulders and forearms.
3. Disrupted speech. A completely sober person begins to weave his tongue. Speech becomes slurred and incomprehensible.
4. Violation of motor coordination. The person loses control over the body. Most often this applies to the neck, shoulders, arms. This state is very similar to alcohol intoxication. Especially if it is combined with That is why others do not always rush to help a person who is in such a state. This is very dangerous, because precious minutes are lost.

If you pay attention to the main symptoms of a heart attack listed above in a timely manner, you can manage to save a person's life. Therefore, do not pass by a person who needs your help.

Features of seizures in women

Most often, people present a heart attack as a sudden, pronounced attack. If the pathology concerns the representatives of the beautiful half of humanity, then the situation is somewhat different. Symptoms of a heart attack in women are rarely pronounced. Most of the patients endure them without attaching any importance to them at all.

This is dictated by the fact that the signs of the disease in most cases are blurred. Therefore, women do not notice them and do not take them seriously. In addition, the symptoms are somewhat different from those that characterize an attack in men.

Alarms

Pay attention to what are the first symptoms of a heart attack in women:

1. Severe fatigue, almost unsettling.
2. Disturbed sleep, insomnia. This condition can be observed even after severe fatigue. These symptoms appear about a month before the attack.
3. Increased anxiety, agitation, feeling of stress.
4. Indigestion, the appearance of nausea with normal nutrition.
5. Weak, clammy, sweaty skin.
6. Difficulty breathing with normal exertion or climbing stairs.
7. The appearance of pain in the neck, face, jaw, ears. Discomfort can spread to the arms, shoulders. It resembles a state of stretching of muscle tissue.

How to help yourself?

If you observe the signs of a heart attack in women described above, do not expect the condition to worsen. The most correct decision is to consult a doctor and get qualified help.

Remember that the doctor must be informed about all the symptoms that appear. In addition, it is important to name the factors that can aggravate the condition (genetic predisposition, smoking, hypertension).

If you have an attack

What to do if you are caught off guard by a heart attack? Symptoms, first aid - these are the points that every person should know well. After all, minutes count.

First aid consists of the following activities:

1. Call the ambulance right away. Even if you do not know how to help yourself, the dispatcher will explain to you what to do before the arrival of the doctors.
2. Contact relatives who are able to come to you immediately if the attack began at the moment when you are alone.
3. Take an aspirin tablet (325 mg). The pill should be chewed for it to take effect quickly.
4. Take a nitroglycerin tablet. If a positive effect is not observed, you can use the medicine again. The third pill is allowed to drink only if the pain does not subside within 10 minutes after taking the second pill.
5. Try to remain calm. Panic and fear, characteristic of an attack, complicate the condition. Remember that help is on its way to you. You can focus on counting your heartbeat. It's calming.
6. Stay in a supine position, on your back. In this case, it is desirable to raise the legs higher, placing a pillow or other object under them. This will allow the diaphragm to open, and oxygen will be better supplied to the blood.
7. Take deep breaths and even exhales.
8. If possible, it is recommended to open a window to allow fresh air to enter.

What Not to Do

If symptoms of a heart attack are observed in women, it is not enough to know how to act in such a situation. It should be remembered that it is strictly contraindicated:

• get up or move around;
• smoke;
• get behind the wheel;
• use aspirin if there is intolerance to the drug or an exacerbation of gastritis, ulcers is diagnosed;
• take nitroglycerin in case of low blood pressure, severe headache, speech, coordination, vision disorders;
• consume drinks or food.

Help for a loved one

What to do if something is wrong with a person in front of your eyes, and you suspect that he is having a heart attack?

Symptoms in women, treatment is often perceived by such persons as not serious. Therefore, be prepared for the fact that they will begin to refuse to call a doctor and protest against the need to take a horizontal position.

Your actions should be as quick and clear as possible:

1. Call an ambulance.
2. Lay the patient on a horizontal surface with any object under their feet. Make sure the patient does not get up.
3. Unbutton the collar, belt.
4. Provide fresh air by opening a window. Turn on the fan.
5. Try to calm and reassure the victim.

Be sure to follow all the steps above. And remember that the further life of this person depends on your actions.