Subjects of conversations on the topic of alcohol. Our free time. There are no problems in a family where there is an alcoholic

A bit of history.

The history of the preparation of intoxicating drinks goes back thousands of years. Alcoholic drinks were obtained from palm juice, barley, wheat, rice, millet. But grape wine was especially widespread in antiquity. In Greece, grapes began to be cultivated in 4000 BC. Wine was also considered a gift from the gods. pure alcohol the Arabs began to receive it in the 6th-7th centuries and called it “al cohol”, which means “intoxicating”. The first bottle of vodka was made by the Arab Rabez in 860. The distillation of wine to obtain alcohol exacerbated drunkenness. Even in Asian countries, where the consumption of wine was forbidden by religion (the Koran), the cult of wine still flourished and was sung in verse. In the Middle Ages in Western Europe learned how to get strong drinks by distilling wine from sugary liquids. According to legend, this operation was first performed by the Italian monk alchemist Valentius. Having tried the resulting product and having come into a state of extreme intoxication, the alchemist declared that he had discovered a miraculous elixir.

The spread of drunkenness in Russia is connected with the policy of the ruling classes. An opinion was even created that drunkenness is supposedly an ancient tradition of the Russian people. The Russian historian and ethnographer Professor N.I. Kostomarov (1817-1885) completely rejected this opinion. He proved that in Ancient Russia they drank very little and only on selected holidays they brewed mead, mash, beer, with a strength of no more than 5-10 degrees. Drunkenness on weekdays was considered a sin and a disgrace. Vodka began to penetrate the country at first from abroad, and then its own winemaking appeared. In 1895, the tsarist government introduced a monopoly on the sale of vodka. For centuries, drunkenness was planted among the people, the ruling circles only cared about how to get more income from the sale of vodka. Habit has great power. This is one of the reasons why we cannot stop selling vodka yet. Another reason is that the ban may lead to the spread of home brewing, and in connection with this, to the consumption of large amounts of sugar, grain, fruits, to an increase in diseases and poisoning as a result of consumption. alcoholic beverages prepared in an artisanal way. Therefore, the fight against alcoholism will require a lot of time and effort.

Throughout the world, the consumption of alcoholic beverages has increased dramatically over the past 20 years. Doctors and sociologists, teachers and public figures are sounding the alarm. They began to drink more in developing countries, the production of alcohol over the past 20 years in Africa has increased by 400%, in Asia - by 500%. Alcohol consumption in England has increased 4 times, in Denmark - 3 times, in Germany - 2 million people are alcoholics . V.V. Bekhterev said: “Alcoholism is such a social evil that it is difficult to overestimate at all.” in general.

Why do people drink.

We repeatedly hear the expression: "Let's drink, let's get warm." In everyday life they believe. what alcohol is a good remedy to warm up the body. It is believed that alcohol has a therapeutic effect not only for colds but also in a number of other diseases. Where is the truth? Or there is a belief among many people: alcohol excites, invigorates, improves mood, well-being. It is not without reason that alcohol is taken “against fatigue” at almost all holidays. Moreover, there is an opinion that alcohol is a high-calorie product that quickly provides energy needs person. So the argument about the benefits of alcohol is a fairly common misconception. An outstanding psychiatrist, academician V.M. Bekhterev described the psychological causes of drunkenness as follows: “The thing is that drunkenness is an age-old evil, it has taken deep roots in our everyday life and has given rise to a whole system of wild drinking customs.” Drunkenness and alcoholism will not die out by themselves, nor will “drinking habits” disappear. A stubborn struggle is needed against the remnants of the past, in which everyone must take part. The need for alcohol is not one of the natural needs of life, such as the need for oxygen or food.

The perception and gradual assimilation of alcohol customs begins long before a person has a need for alcohol, long before the first acquaintance with alcohol itself, its taste and effect. Small child sitting behind festive table, waiting to be poured into his glass sweet water, and he, to the approving roar of the guests, will reach out to clink glasses with everyone, assimilating the ritual of drinking wine. Already at this time, the idea of alcohol began to form as a special, obligatory companion of celebrations and meetings, an attractive symbol of adult life.

Where does drinking start?

In general, the motives for drinking alcohol by teenagers are divided into two groups. The motives of the first group are based on the desire to follow traditions, experience new sensations, and curiosity. Even before the first acquaintance, adolescents form a certain idea about this product, about its special stimulating effect. But the first acquaintance with alcohol is not what it seemed: “bitter taste”, burning in the mouth, dizziness, nausea. After such an unpleasant acquaintance, most teenagers avoid drinking alcohol for a while. Then the second group of motives appears, which forms drunkenness as a type of behavior of offenders. “Drunkenness humiliates a person, takes away his mind, at least for a while, and in the end turns him into an animal,” wrote J.-J. Rousseau.

Internal spiritual limitation, inability to show oneself well in school team condition frequent use teenagers alcohol for the sake of self-affirmation in a street group of comrades. Lack of drinking teenager skills useful activity(educational, labor) and interest in it leads to the consumption of alcohol as a form of self-affirmation, which, however, entails addictions. Finally, some teenagers consume alcohol to relieve themselves of stress, to free themselves from unpleasant experiences. An analysis of how adolescents who are prone to alcohol use spend their free time shows that, on the whole, they are characterized by a primitive, aimless pastime: playing cards, including for money, “strumming” the guitar, idle walking along the streets, visiting bars.

The psychiatrist I.K. Yanushevsky, having analyzed the reasons under which children and adolescents took to alcohol, came to the conclusion that 39% of them were taught to drink alcohol by their parents, 33% imitated adults, 25% were taught by older comrades, in 3% of cases the reasons have not been established. Very impressive numbers! Everything at a young age alcoholic disorders minds develop catastrophically fast.

AT medical literature the results of the work of doctors and teachers who assessed the impact of alcohol on school performance are described.

Conversation "Alcohol is the enemy of health"

Take advantage of up to 60% discounts on Infourok courses

Ministry of General and Vocational Education

GBPOU Rostov region "ZTAT"

"Alcohol is the enemy of health"

Target: the formation of a stable negative attitude towards alcohol, the expansion of students' ideas about the consequences of alcoholism, the education of a healthy lifestyle.

The form: conversation with elements of discussion.

Educator: Shchedrivaya Tatyana Anatolyevna

The course of the conversation

Alcohol is a legal drug. According to a study by K. Gurrelmonna, the first contact with alcohol now occurs much earlier - at 10-12 years old. About 5% of 13-year-olds already regularly drink wine, champagne, beer. So far, only abroad there are statistics on the most severe consequences of drunkenness: in the UK, about 10 times more young people die from alcohol than from cocaine and heroin combined.

Alcohol consumption is widespread among teenagers in Russia. In the 8th grade, it was noted in 52% of students, in the 9th - in 70%, in the 10-11th - in 81%. Surveys of older groups of adolescents in Russia testify to the comparability of the results. Thus, a survey of 275 4th year students medical institute showed that 76.6% of students drink alcohol in the company of close friends. 88.2% of boys and 42.6% of girls do it before the disco.

According to surveys, many Russian teenagers drink alcohol with the permission of their parents. It is not difficult for children to get alcohol; the one who drinks does not have to, like a heroin addict, go down to crime in order to get the drug. If the home bar is empty, there will be an ample supply of alcohol in the nearest supermarket or kiosk.

For the younger generation, alcohol is mostly a group experience: they drink primarily in the evenings with friends, at parties or other pleasant social interactions. That is, it is unlikely that there are single drunkards among young people. For a certain number of young people surveyed, the factor causing excessive alcohol consumption is socio-psychological problems.

Alcoholism is a disease, the development of which can be stopped, but completely impossible to cure. One of his signs is an uncontrollable desire to drink alcohol. It is a progressive disease and if left unchecked, the result can be insanity or death.

Alcohol abuse, directly or indirectly, is one of the most important causes of high mortality in our country. Alcoholic cirrhosis of the liver is among the leading causes of death in age groups from 25 to 64 years old. In general, morbidity in drinkers is 2-3 times higher than in non-drinkers, and mortality from somatic diseases- 3-5 times. Due to the action of all causes, the life expectancy of an alcoholic is reduced by an average of 12-18 years.

No living being, except man, consumes alcohol voluntarily.

Everyone has a protective reflex. Absolute sobriety is one of natural conditions normal life.

The widespread use of alcoholic beverages among young people is facilitated by ingrained ideas about the safety and sometimes usefulness of alcohol. However, these perceptions are not true.

1. Beer is a harmless drink

Beer is a harmless drink that not only helps relieve tension, relax, and improve communication, but also prevents young people from drinking stronger drinks. In general, even to some extent it is useful - until recently, such ideas were literally imposed on young people by beer producers through the media and advertising.

Beer belongs to a special category of weak alcoholic beverages. It contains substances that increase the body's susceptibility to alcohol, as well as enhance its absorption.

The systematic use of beer leads to various functional disorders of all human organs and systems. The heart, working with increased load, increases, metabolic processes are disturbed in it. Sclerotic changes occur, the vessels become dense, brittle, there is an expansion of the veins on the limbs and the face, which acquires a characteristic appearance: puffiness, flabbiness, bluish-red color. Various types of metabolism in the body are disturbed, loose fullness appears. The nervous system of beer lovers copes worse with stressful situations, more easily exposed to various diseases. Gradually, all signs of alcoholic disease develop without its sharp manifestations. The Russian writer A. Danilevsky argued: “Beer drunkenness, like vodka, leads a person to deep disorders of the spiritual and bodily spheres, with the difference that these disorders come on slowly.” The growing organism does not notice the decomposing effect of alcohol on it.

2. Alcohol is not dangerous for young people.

Teenagers usually weigh less than adults and have smaller livers. Their blood-alcohol levels rise faster, they get drunk quicker on less alcohol, and it's easier for their bodies to be harmed.

3. Alcoholics are not at particular risk.

Long-term alcohol abuse leads to changes internal organs, violation of the functions of the brain and nervous system, personality change, deterioration of memory and ability to concentrate.

In a later stage, hallucinations and feverish delirium occur. Most famous " delirium tremens” (“trembling madness”), 6-15% of all alcoholics fall into a psychotic state lasting from 4 to 10 days due to a sharp restriction of alcohol consumption.

They experience intense fear, anxiety, their correct perception of reality is disturbed. They see the notorious white mice and most often - terrible hallucinations, suffer from trembling, nausea, diarrhea, strong heartbeat, temperature increase and blood pressure. Without treatment, 15 to 30% of patients die, with appropriate therapy, 1-8% die.

4. Teens can't become alcoholics.

Teenagers can become addicted to alcohol much faster than adults. How earlier child starts drinking, the greater the risk that he will become an alcoholic

5. Drinking people are friendly and sociable.

Usually drunk people lose control over themselves, become aggressive and angry, get into fights. Half of all murders are related to alcohol abuse.

6. Alcohol stimulates, gives strength.

Alcohol depresses the central nervous system, inhibits the normal reactions of the body.

It is not uncommon for alcohol consumption when depressed to worsen depression. In a depressed state, a person may feel even worse, especially a teenager, with thoughts of his own inferiority, in whom alcohol can strengthen their ideas, up to a suicide attempt

7. Alcohol is not the main cause of death among young people.

Adolescents and young people most often die as a result of accidents related to alcohol or drug abuse.

8. There are no problems in a family where there is an alcoholic.

Alcoholism is extremely common. Most alcoholics deny the existence of the disease. Often people hide their addiction to alcohol, which is known only to family members.

Do other problems arise in a family where there is an alcoholic?

If there is an alcoholic in the family, then everyone suffers. Family troubles are usually associated with financial problems. Children have a feeling of GUILT, they believe that because of them there are conflicts and drunkenness of their parents. Children feel embarrassed, shy of drinking parents, hide their feelings from everyone. An alcoholic can be arbitrarily demanding, which causes the child to leave the house in an angry state. Drunkenness of parents generates inadequate behavior of teenagers. In addition to vagrancy, teenagers embark on a criminal path or become alcoholics themselves.

At the end of the conversation, you are given the opportunity to express your opinion about what you have heard and draw conclusions.

Conversation with an alcoholic, active listening, reflections

To involve any person in a conversation, no matter how bitter a drunkard or alcoholic he may be, allows the reception of reflection (active listening). Reflection, even when communicating with a stubborn and hostile patient, does not require insight from the doctor. Usually doctors prefer to ask (to learn more about the patient), advise and lead the conversation.

Reflection is the transmission to the interlocutor of his own thoughts and words. Unlike questions, advice, expression of opinion, declaration of values and similar techniques, reflection allows the doctor to create an atmosphere of cooperation and mutual understanding, to demonstrate his desire to understand the interlocutor and to allow him to direct the conversation.

Description of active listening

Redirect the patient to his statement or non-verbal message. Do it in a narrative way, do not ask, do not show your attitude (agree, disagree, condemn, etc.). Be brief, sometimes it will only take the most important messages sick.

Reflection reception examples

Clearly, you think that your problems are not related to drinking.
Alcohol really helps you sleep.
I understand that the tests that showed alcoholic liver damage surprise you, because you drink very little.
It sounds like you don't like to continue talking about drinking.

Reflection makes the patient feel that he is accepted as a person and wants to listen. Using reflection, the doctor does not attack or defend, and the patient has no reason to argue, attack, get angry or persist.

Research confirms that the reflection of obstinacy, resistance and perseverance allows you to set the interlocutor in a creative way. A good example: to the patient’s statement: “I drink a lot because my legs hurt and I can’t sleep,” the doctor replies: “So alcohol helps you” and hears: “Well, only this is probably harmful.” This is one way to show the patient that his behavior is not in line with his goals. Reflection is subject to feelings, thoughts, circumstances, doubts, actions, manners.

Reflection encourages the patient to share their plans, feelings and thoughts, which helps to build trust between the doctor and the patient. As the indifferent, hostile, sullen or shy patient opens up, the doctor ceases to condemn him and doubt, he awakens in him the desire to help and act together in the struggle for new life. The patient, feeling the support of the doctor, readily listens to him and ventures into such accomplishments that he had not thought of before.

Further we will talk about the ability to emphasize the independence of the patient. This skill is important in the management of alcoholics who need to stop drinking for the sake of their health, but who will require tremendous effort to do so.

Alcohol dependence is supported by changes in the central nervous system, social decline, psychological isolation, however, as well as a strong fear of the unknown, which the patient imagines a sober life. People who have recovered from alcoholism say that asking an alcoholic to stop drinking is like offering him, say, to learn to fly or something else equally incredible. For him, a change in lifestyle is tantamount to a step into the abyss. That is why he prefers to close his eyes to his position and drive unpleasant thoughts away from himself.

The habit of drinking really becomes second nature, making a person deaf to any advice. In light of this, the doctor's task is extremely difficult - he has to awaken in the patient the desire to change and reveal to him the contradictions in his life.

Patients with alcoholism tend to be wary and defiant, to confuse the doctor. Often the doctor, without noticing it, repels and humiliates the patient. Once ingrained, this manner of communication renders the treatment useless and even harmful.

It is not surprising if, as a result, the doctor turns out to be powerless and takes over the incomprehension, obstinacy and hopelessness of the patient. Any attempt at treatment will seem to him an unjustified interference in someone else's life.

Finally, the doctor fences himself off from the patient with thoughts like: “Is it worth wasting time on useless disputes? I'd rather take care of his hypertension." As a result, drunkenness remains intact.

Studies have found that conversation arouses in the patient a desire to change and reveals his internal contradictions, if the doctor respects the independence of the patient, namely: it establishes a dialogue, creates an atmosphere of objectivity and scientific validity, provides the patient with a choice and accepts his obligations.

"Conversation with an alcoholic, reception of active listening, reflection" article from the Mental Disorders section

Features of the prevention of alcoholism

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Alcoholism is a rather serious disease, which is expressed in uncontrolled craving for alcohol. This problem manifests itself in the form of a psychological and physical form of dependence. Per last years The problem of alcoholism began to take on global proportions. All more people around the world suffer from this disease. However, psychologists and narcologists believe that it is possible to influence these indicators. For this, alcoholism prevention should be carried out regularly among the population.

A conversation about the dangers of alcohol should be conducted with people of any age, since this addiction can appear at any age. life span. The reason why there is a craving for alcohol can be any reason, be it curiosity (adolescence), stress, depression.

Alcoholism due to curiosity mainly affects adolescents, since it is in transitional age there is an interest in adult hobbies. But stress and depression can lead to alcoholism in older people who have not been able to cope with their problems.

Types of prevention

Over the years, special events have been held around the world. preventive talks about various diseases that can destroy a person. These diseases include alcoholism and drug addiction.

As you know, it is easier to warn about the seriousness of the consequences than to deal with addiction later.

Because it happens very often
cases when, having recovered, a person again reaches for a glass or drug, then the prevention of alcoholism and drug addiction has three types:

Each type of these preventive measures is a conversation with people using certain methods of influence.

Primary view

Prevention of alcoholism among adolescents is carried out in this way. Since the psyche of children in the transitional period cannot be influenced by more effective methods.

secondary view

Prevention secondary view, this is work with alcoholics, to influence them. It includes measures such as diagnosing the disease at the first stage of development and identifying psychological reasons, which provoked the manifestation of dependence.

Very often, neither the patient himself nor his relatives are able to cope with the misfortune that has overtaken them. That is why outside help is so important. If you help the patient solve his psychological problems, then craving for alcohol can be prevented for another early stages manifestations of dependence.

Tertiary view

In the event that a person has neglected common sense and, succumbing to weakness, has become dependent on alcoholic beverages, the first two types of preventive measures are ineffective. Therefore, in order to strengthen the influence on such people, special societies of anonymous alcoholics are created.

The meetings of such a group are attended by people who realize that they have a problem, but they are not able to cope with it. There they can boldly and honestly talk about their addiction, while they will not be judged, but will try to provide all the necessary assistance.

Since the prevention of alcoholism involves psychological impact on society, then the activities carried out in such societies have a certain method of treatment.

The main problem that specialists deal with is the definition and restoration psycho-emotional state sick. In this way, a person gradually begins to return to the norms of behavior accepted in a civilized society.

To accomplish these tasks, psychologists use different techniques, but according to the results of the work of the societies of anonymous alcoholics, more than 50% stop drinking forever, and after a few sessions, the craving for alcohol decreases in patients.

Prevention among teenagers

In modern society, many teenagers suffer from diseases such as alcoholism and drug addiction. For this reason, in educational institutions regularly carried out prevention on this topic.

Taking into account the consequences that alcohol has on the human body, preventive conversations are held for two groups of students. These are elementary school students and teenagers.

Due to the fact that every year this problem is aggravated and takes on an increasingly global scale, alcoholism prevention is carried out for both children and parents. However, adjustments and updates to the requirements for correct exposure and reporting change annually.

Conversation with parents plays a huge role, since it is their example that children begin to drink alcohol at an early age.

Prevention of children on this topic cannot be carried out without this part of the program.

How to prevent alcohol addiction

Prevention of alcohol addiction plays a huge role in the development of this type of disease. For this reason, it is very important when conducting interviews to give Special attention motivation to lead a healthy lifestyle.

As you know, alcohol cannot be compatible with sports, and repeated mention of this in the process of presenting information can push many to take preventive measures.

Do you want to achieve great results in sports - do not drink. The choice is yours!

The goal of prevention, as already mentioned, is not to influence the human psyche by intimidation, but, on the contrary, to provide a positive effect that can return the optimistic mood to patients. After they were carried out preventive measures, drinking people should want to get rid of the habit. And those who lead healthy lifestyle life, must be convinced of the correctness of their choice.

preventive conversation

Preventive talk about the dangers of alcohol.

Target: Inform about the consequences and dangers of drinking alcohol.

Nowadays, the problem of alcohol consumption is very relevant. The whole society suffers from this, the younger generation and the health of expectant mothers are at risk.

The harm of alcohol is obvious. Alcohol is carried through the blood to all organs and adversely affects them, up to destruction. With the systematic use of alcohol, alcoholism develops. And the main problem is that most of alcoholic products, which are produced by non-state enterprises, contain a large number of toxic substances. The use of such products leads to poisoning, and even death.

Alcoholic drinks contain two main components - ethyl alcohol (ethanol) and water. Ethyl alcohol is found in tomato and orange juices, and is used as a solvent for cereals, stain removers, and perfumes. The color of alcoholic beverages is given by vegetable dyes, and the aroma is achieved through other additives. The strength of alcoholic beverages is measured in degrees.

Alcohol has several main effects in the body:

toxic effect on brain cells

changes the biological processes of the brain

provides the body with energy;

slows down the central nervous system, reduces its effectiveness, acts as an anesthetic;

stimulates the production of urine (with a large intake of alcohol, the body loses more water than it receives, as a result of which the cells become dehydrated);

temporarily disables the liver (after drinking a large dose of alcohol, about two-thirds of the liver can fail, but the liver usually fully recovers after a few days).

When alcohol is consumed, the transmission of impulses in the nervous system slows down. Inhibitions, anxiety and excitement disappear, they give way to a feeling of euphoria. This is due to damage to higher levels of the brain. And as a result of defeat lower levels the brain deteriorates vision, speech and coordination of movements. Expanding small blood vessels, as a result of this, heat is radiated and the person becomes hot, while the temperature of the internal organs drops. There may be an increase in sexual desire, which is associated with the suppression of ordinary prohibitions. As the level of alcohol in the blood increases, physical sexual activity worsens. Eventually, the toxic effect of alcohol causes nausea and vomiting. The first signs of alcoholism are the presence of cravings. Liver damage leads to alcoholic hepatitis and cirrhosis, next comes ascites (fluid in the abdomen), bacterial peritonitis (inflammation of the lining of the abdominal cavity), brain damage, esophageal bleeding from varices (with high blood pressure in the veins of the liver), enlargement of the spleen, functional kidney failure, anemia. Violation of blood clotting leads to its large losses. The consequences of alcoholism persist for many months after a person refuses alcohol. Alcohol destroys systems hormonal regulation organism, and this area is one of the most unexplored, violations in it can lead to serious illnesses.

The cause of alcoholism is unknown, but alcohol abuse is not the only factor. It is believed that the cause of predisposition to alcoholism is a biochemical or genetic defect. Studies show that people at increased risk of becoming alcoholics are less likely to get drunk than non-alcoholics. The development of alcoholism can contribute to a certain social background and personality traits.

Nature has endowed a woman with one of the highest duties - to be a mother. We do not doubt that everything beautiful in a person comes from the mother, that without her there would be neither poets nor heroes on earth. Tenderness and beauty, love for children and dedication, care for them, for the family are associated with the name of a woman, a mother.

Abuse of alcohol entails a load of diseases and ailments, premature old age. A woman either completely loses the ability to become a mother, or, even more tragically, if she gives birth, then a weak, handicapped child. She weakens or completely extinguishes the instinct of motherhood.

Wasting your life on drunkenness is not only shameful, but also criminal! addiction to alcohol can be overcome, that it is not too late and not ashamed to be treated. Thus, regardless of the form of drunkenness, each intake of alcohol causes pronounced changes in the body, and subsequent and increasingly large doses of alcohol lead to mental degradation of the individual and a general illness.

Psychological help for alcohol addiction

The fight against alcoholism is a long and laborious process that needs to be approached systematically. In order to free a person from this dependence, it is necessary complex treatment, aimed not only at eliminating cravings for drinking and the consequences of alcoholism, but also identifying the root cause of this disease. For this, in addition to drug treatment, an alcoholic needs psychological help. Its task is to identify those problems that the patient is trying to drown out with alcohol and find ways to solve them, simultaneously strengthening his faith in himself. Also, psychological help is needed for relatives and close people of the patient, because life with an alcoholic in an atmosphere of unrestrained drunkenness, a feeling of hopelessness and scandals is a real test that not everyone can pass.

What is the help of a psychologist

First of all, the help of a psychologist with alcoholism is to determine the reason that prompts a person to seek solace in a bottle. He may be worried about problems in the professional field, difficulties with self-realization, or the disorder of his personal life. Often the cause of drunkenness is large financial losses, debts, or the death of loved ones.

A qualified psychologist in the course of a conversation with a patient will be able to accurately identify the problem and shift his attention to the need to solve it, because if you simply ignore the difficulties, they will not go anywhere, forcing the alcoholic to drown them out with alcohol again and again. In the case when the dependence is not yet strong, several sessions of psychotherapy can already have a positive effect.

Another advantage qualified assistance psychologist is the fact that in the course of therapy an alcoholic admits his dependence and agrees to drug treatment, which significantly increases the chances of getting rid of this addiction.

At psychotherapy sessions, the patient is explained that alcohol is not a way out of difficult life situations, that it is necessary to take a sober look at things and deal with difficulties, and not run away from them. The psychoanalyst outlines the ways out of the crisis, which the patient must overcome, shows the advantages of a sober lifestyle and the disadvantages of drunkenness.

One of the main goals of a psychologist in working with an alcohol addict is to set the patient to a categorical refusal to drink, to inspire him that alcohol is evil, so that after the end of therapy he does not want to return to this habit again.

Why is she needed

For effective treatment alcohol addiction drugs alone are not enough, because they can only affect physical processes- cause dislike for alcoholic beverages, reduce the desire to drink, alleviate the symptoms of a hangover. Even drug therapy has borne fruit, psychological dependence will not disappear without treatment, and can provoke a relapse of the disease, and, as a result, a new binge.

For drinking man alcohol is a way to have fun and relax, get rid of a load of problems for a while. Treatment with drugs alone does not eradicate the causes of alcoholism. As soon as any difficulties or stress arise, the alcoholic will again reach for a glass in order to regain a sense of calm.

Drug treatment, unlike psychological assistance, does not affect the subconscious of the drinker and is not able to convey the full danger of this addiction.

In the course of treatment, the patient, together with the doctor, sets goals for the next 1-2 years. This will help him establish social connections, revive interest in life and help prevent relapses after therapy.

When to ask for help

Any treatment is best carried out at an early stage, then the chances of recovery will be much higher. It is important to recognize the problem in time and take immediate action. necessary measures. This is especially true for the treatment of alcoholism, because the patient gradually loses not only himself, but also his health. Psychologists recommend seeking help if you have one or more of the following symptoms.

Signs of alcohol addiction:

drinking large amounts of alcohol alone;
using alcohol to "forget";
a gradual increase in the amount of alcohol, an increase in drinking;
aggressive refusal to requests to reduce doses or temporarily stop drinking;
partial amnesia (in the morning a person cannot remember some events of the past evening);
feeling of guilt after drinking, depression;
unsuccessful attempts were made to give up alcohol for a period or forever.

Methods of psychotherapy of alcoholism

Today in psychiatry there are several effective methods alcohol addiction treatment:

Group therapy. It is used mainly when drunkenness is caused by a feeling of loneliness. The addict gets into a circle of people with similar problems, gets to know them, learns about their difficulties and successes in the fight against alcoholism. This makes him understand that he was not left alone with his misfortune and there are people around who went the same way and were able to overcome their illness. Therapeutic effect It also consists in the fact that in a group an alcoholic can look at addicts from the outside, hear his case histories and draw conclusions about own situation and what threatens him with such a way of life. Another feature of this type of therapy is the acting out of scenes in which patients try on the role of relatives of alcoholics. These situations give them the opportunity to understand how their relatives feel, and how much the desire to drink changes the behavior of a person and family relationships in the worst side. Group therapy, or Alcoholics Anonymous, is considered one of the most effective methods of getting rid of ethanol addiction;

Individual treatment. It involves more in-depth work with the patient, since all the attention of the psychotherapist will be directed to him alone. Individual therapy allows you to make the suggestion to quit alcohol more effective. Most often, the conversation proceeds unobtrusively and is more like a conversation between two good friends. The psychotherapist wins the trust of the patient and strives to become not only a doctor for him, but also a friend, because the disposition, loyalty and openness of the patient is important condition to implement effective therapy. During the conversation, the specialist shares stories of alcohol abuse similar to the patient's situation, which ended very badly. Their doctor tells them in an unobtrusive manner so that the alcoholic does not have the thought that he is being intimidated, as this can lead to the exact opposite effect. He pursues a different goal - to prompt a person to think that alcoholism can destroy his life, and that he needs to pull himself together and stop drinking. When the patient establishes himself in this opinion and independently decides not to drink, the therapy can be considered successful;
Hypnosuggestive therapy. This is a kind of suggestion that is carried out in a state of hypnotic sleep. The session is divided into 3 stages: sleep with the help of monotonous sounds, suggestion, during which the psychotherapist gives the patient the necessary settings for healing and dehypnotization - removing from sleep. The course of hypnotherapy consists of 10-15 sessions;
Family psychotherapy. Such a session is carried out with the participation of the patient and his family. The task of the psychotherapist is to identify the causes of conflict situations in the family, to help develop the correct model of behavior for the alcoholic and his relatives so that they can avoid conflicts during treatment and in the future, when he leads a sober lifestyle;
Autogenic training. This is a self-regulation method, so it is only shown to people who have made a firm decision to stop drinking and are ready to follow it. During such training, the patient does certain relaxation exercises, repeating during them verbal formulas - self-hypnosis. The result of such influences is the ability of the patient to relieve stress and achieve a relaxed state without the help of alcohol. Self-discipline acquired during treatment helps not to turn off the right path;
Method of cognitive-behavioral approach thoroughly explains to the addict all the benefits of a sober life, motivating him to give up drinking. The success of this therapy option depends on how strong the patient's desire to be cured is;

TES-therapy. A progressive, but not yet very common method that helps to influence the areas of the brain responsible for pleasure with the help of electrical stimulation. After the procedure, endorphins, known as happiness hormones, are released into the blood. The patient feels a rush Have a good mood which helps him to forget about alcohol.

Why the help of a psychotherapist is needed for the family of an alcoholic

Close people of a person suffering from alcoholism need psychological help no less than himself, and there are several reasons for this. Life next to dependent person turns into a test of strength - constant scandals, reproaches and abuse do not contribute to peace in the family.

Conflicts occur because relatives are extremely concerned about the problem of alcoholism - they live in constant stress, thinking about how to help the addict get out of this terrible situation, and at the same time he himself does not consider that he is sick and continues to drink.

This state of affairs causes the members of the family of an alcoholic to have such a well-known concept in psychology as codependency - a pathological condition in which they are absorbed in controlling the actions of a person that has a huge impact on them.

Co-dependence results in pressure on the addict (often there is a feeling of guilt), makes him control his actions and provide obsessive help. Being in this state, people forget about themselves, ignore their needs, subordinating all their thoughts to solving the problems of an alcoholic. Codependency can lead to psychosomatic diseases so this condition also needs to be treated.

An unfavorable psychological situation in the family, of course, does not contribute to the recovery from addictions, so the relatives of an alcoholic should start healing from themselves.

They need to get rid of an anxious and depressed mood, believe in themselves and know that positive changes in the patient's condition will begin only when he is surrounded by strong and psychologically healthy people. This will help break the vicious circle of resentment and reproach and allow the addict to look at the current situation soberly.

You need to seek help from specialists if you see such signs:

constant thoughts about how to help an alcoholic;
the hope that soon everything will work itself out;
excessive concern for the convenience of the patient;
fear that treated the alcoholic will start drinking again;

feeling of despair, aggression;
feeling of helplessness;
pity for the drinker.

The psychotherapist will help relatives to establish trusting relationships with the patient, teach them to live their lives, helping him, and not reproaching him.

In addition to working with a psychologist for such families, there are specialized courses that talk about how an alcoholic is being treated, what emotions and experiences he experiences during this period. Advice is given on how to help him psychologically survive this difficult time and avoid new conflicts.

Psychologists also explain that excessive guardianship and control should not be exercised, because this irritates and angers the former alcohol addict, creating additional nervous tension that can turn into a breakdown.

Psychological help for alcohol dependence is a very important component of effective treatment of alcohol addiction. The success of therapy lies in the person's awareness of his problem, and the willingness to work on himself to eliminate it.

Relatives of a drinking person should not hope that this addiction will go away on its own - when the first signs of an attraction to alcohol are found, you need to immediately influence the alcoholic psychologically, because the sooner treatment is started, the faster the addict will cope with his destructive habit.

Preventive talk about the dangers of alcohol.

Target: Inform about the consequences and dangers of drinking alcohol.

Nowadays, the problem of alcohol consumption is very relevant. The whole society suffers from this, the younger generation and the health of expectant mothers are at risk.

The harm of alcohol is obvious. Alcohol is carried through the blood to all organs and adversely affects them, up to destruction. With the systematic use of alcohol, alcoholism develops. And the main problem is that most of the alcoholic products produced by non-state enterprises contain a large amount of toxic substances. The use of such products leads to poisoning, and even death.

Alcohol has several main effects in the body:

toxic effect on brain cells

changes the biological processes of the brain

provides the body with energy;

slows down the central nervous system, reduces its effectiveness, acts as an anesthetic;

stimulates the production of urine (with a large intake of alcohol, the body loses more water than it receives, as a result of which the cells become dehydrated);

temporarily disables the liver (after drinking a large dose of alcohol, about two-thirds of the liver can fail, but the liver usually fully recovers after a few days).

When alcohol is consumed, the transmission of impulses in the nervous system slows down. Inhibitions, anxiety and excitement disappear, they give way to a feeling of euphoria. This is due to damage to higher levels of the brain. And as a result of damage to the lower levels of the brain, vision, speech and coordination of movements deteriorate. Small blood vessels expand, as a result of which heat is radiated and the person becomes hot, while the temperature of the internal organs drops. There may be an increase in sexual desire, which is associated with the suppression of ordinary prohibitions. As the level of alcohol in the blood increases, physical sexual activity worsens. Eventually, the toxic effect of alcohol causes nausea and vomiting. The first signs of alcoholism are the presence of cravings. Liver damage leads to alcoholic hepatitis and cirrhosis, followed by ascites (fluid in the abdomen), bacterial peritonitis (inflammation of the lining of the abdominal cavity), brain damage, esophageal bleeding from varices (with increased pressure in the veins of the liver), enlarged spleen, functional renal failure , anemia. Violation of blood clotting leads to its large losses. The consequences of alcoholism persist for many months after a person refuses alcohol. Alcohol destroys the body's hormonal regulation systems, and this area is one of the most unexplored, violations in it can lead to serious illnesses.

Sobriety is the norm!

MBOU Verkhnebykovskaya school

Preventive conversation

"On the dangers of alcohol"

for students in grades 8-9

Performed:

biology teacher

MBOU Verkhnebykovskaya school

Mikhina N.M.

2012

Purpose of the conversation: To help students deepen their understanding and greatly expand their knowledge of harmful influence alcohol on mental and moral formation of a person, to explain what harm drunkenness and alcoholism causes to society, to indicate possible ways to combat it.

The course of the conversation
Before the start of the conversation, a questionnaire is distributed(Attachment 1) students fill it out and hand it to the teacher.
Teacher : As you probably noticed, the profile is anonymous. Sometimes, drinking alcohol, guys want to seem like adults, but adults openly admit to being afraid. The question arises, for whom do you want to show your adulthood?
Members : Answer the question.
Teacher : Often a drunk is dangerous for himself and others, because. He does things he would never do when he was sober. In some cases, drunks are prone to unmotivated impulsive acts, causing themselves and others injuries. It also happens that in intoxication the character is perverted: calm and restrained become irritable, prone to drunken brawls. With the growth of intoxication, speech becomes incoherent and incomprehensible, the ability to make a reasonable judgment is lost. Attention and memory are sharply weakened, intoxicated people confuse people, objects, speak to themselves and to inanimate objects.
Sometimes young people drink before going to a party or disco to boost their mood. Have you had such cases? You saw such people at parties, characterize their behavior as an outside observer.
Members : Share impressions, memories
( Teacher focuses on the negative
Teacher : With a mild degree of intoxication, euphoria expressed in an unsharp form occurs - high spirits, which leads to an overestimation of one's strengths, abilities and capabilities. Drunk people become cheerful, carefree, strike up conversations and friendly relations with strangers. They speak loudly, argue, sing, impose themselves with conversations on others. In a state of intoxication, they usually sharpen characteristics intoxicated. Such persons can be unrestrained, tactless, picky, intrusive, unceremonious, often they lose their shame, sense of tact, human dignity. For some, after a fair amount of drinking, dullness immediately sets in, they have little contact with others, and they do not have a phase of high spirits.
Do you know why this happens?
Members : Express their assumptions.
Teacher : During alcohol intoxication, the inhibitory process suffers first of all, i.e. the protection of the cerebral cortex disappears, and the cells are rapidly depleted. Alcohol acts on the process of irritation, as a result, it sharply depresses the higher nervous activity.
From this it becomes clear why an insignificant occasion, to which a sober person would not pay attention, causes a violent reaction in a drunk (weakening of the inhibitory process). At large doses alcohol significantly upsets the coordinated activity of the cortex and underlying centers (subcortex), sometimes paralyzing the transfer of excitation from one cell to another. This is what physiological mechanism behavior of a drunk person.
Alcohol, acting on various parts of the brain, deprives them of the oxygen necessary for normal functioning cells. A drunk person in the brain has big number small hemorrhages, a significant number in the vessels are clogged. gradual increase loss of brain cells is manifested in a slow reaction of a person and a decrease in his intellectual abilities. When a drinker dies, an autopsy reveals a huge number of atrophied brain regions. That is, when a person drinks, albeit irregularly from time to time, irreversible changes occur in his brain.
What other organs are affected by alcohol?
Members : Talk about diseases caused by alcohol.
( Teacher makes necessary additions as the conversation progresses)
Teacher : But you didn't name one more factor. Society bears an incalculable loss in the form of drinkers - many times more than the income from the sale of alcohol. And in a number of social evils, alcoholism ranks far from last place. These are broken families fast loss qualification yesterday a good specialist, a worker who has turned into a parasite, a useful member of society, who has fallen into crime.
It has been established that even the smallest doses of alcohol reduce labor productivity in different people but 5-10%. Even a moderately drinking person has a decrease in labor productivity by 4-5%, while an alcoholic in a state of a hangover can have a 50% decrease in work capacity. It should be remembered that the unprofitability of production for this reason alone is the higher, the higher the professional qualifications of a working drunkard and alcoholic.
Those who drink on Sundays have a 10-13% decrease in productivity on Monday. And then big holidays the production rate is reduced by 25-30%.
Please give examples from your experience when alcohol has changed or affected a person's destiny.
Members : Describe examples encountered.
Teacher : Well, we have learned a lot, but tell me, how to deal with drunkenness?
Members : Express options for treatment, prevention.
( Teacher makes additions as needed)
Teacher : Addiction to alcohol in adolescents can occur in 1-1.5 years, i.е. much faster than an adult. That is why even small doses of alcohol are unacceptable for students. Preventing alcoholism is easier than treating it.
For example, sometimes it seems to you: it is worth smoking or drinking vodka - and you are already a “Real man”. There are probably such guys in your group. At recess, they gather in the restroom, smoke, spit on the floor, swear through the word. When you were smaller and dumber, you were a little jealous of their swagger and also wanted to become a “man”. Or maybe you've already joined them.
Well, there is nothing easier. You can also smoke. At first it will be dizzy, and then you get used to it. But why?
The power of man does not lie at all in doing the forbidden. It only seems to be a strength, but in reality it is a weakness.
One of good ways strengthen the will - not to succumb to evil temptations. Rise above those who laugh at you when you refuse to smoke. Tell yourself: "I don't drink vodka."

Of course, it may happen that in doing so you lose some of your friends, or even make enemies. Being "not like everyone else" is a little dangerous.
But you will win in the eyes of real people. And in their own. The point is not that someone forbade you to smoke, drink, play for money. You forbade it to yourself, which means you have a will.
Conclusion and Conclusions:
Teacher : I hope now you will change your view on alcohol. The examples that have been given show that drunkenness is a beautiful wrapping of grief and evil. Remember, physical education, sports, classes in circles, proper organization free time prevent the development of bad habits, including the habit of drinking alcohol. I advise you to read such books as "The Fall of Ivan Chuprov" by G.F. Tendryakov, "Return to Life" by G.I. Shonin, " Grey mouse» V. Lipatova. I want to wish you not to become like the gray mass of ignoramuses who elevate drunkenness, almost to national pride.

Attachment 1

Questionnaire
(addiction of students to alcohol)
Underline your answer
1. Have you consumed alcoholic beverages?
- Well no
2. When did you try alcohol for the first time?
did not try; - up to 10 years; - 11 - 12 years; - 13 - 15 years; 16 years and older
3. Where was it? (write your answer)

____________________
_____________________ ______________________ ______________________ ______________________ ______________________ _______________________

4. Did your parents know about this?
- Well no
5. How often do you drink (have used) alcohol?

I don't use
- daily
- 2-3 times a week
- 1 time per week
- 1-2 times a month
- less often
6. Where (with whom) did you drink (drink) alcohol most often? (your own answer)

___________ _________ _________ _________ _______ _______

7. Indicate the source of funds for the purchase of alcoholic beverages ________ ________ _________ _________ ______ ________ _________
________ ________ _________ _________ ______ ________ _________ ________

Conversation

about the dangers of alcohol for the human body

"Just One Drink"

The purpose of the lecture : To form a correct understanding of the dangers of early drinking.

Alcoholism makes more havoc

than three historical scourges put together:

famine, plague and war.

W. Gladstone.

In ancient times, people got acquainted with the unusual amusing effect of certain drinks. The most common milk, honey, fruit juices, standing in the sun, changed not only their appearance, taste, but acquired the ability to excite, instill a feeling of lightness, carelessness, well-being. People did not immediately notice that the next day the person paid with a headache, weakness, and a bad mood. Of course, our distant ancestors guessed what terrible enemy they have purchased. Unfortunately, the unfortunate consequences of alcohol consumption have attracted less attention than the improvement in mood that accompanies alcohol consumption.

In myths, legends and fairy tales ancient world- wine, intoxication, revelry appear everywhere. Drunkenness flourished, and it was followed by its constant companions - debauchery, crimes, serious illnesses.

The main active beginning of intoxication of any drink was alcohol - ethyl alcohol or wine alcohol.

Taken orally, after 5-10 minutes it is absorbed into the bloodstream and spread throughout the body. Alcohol is a poison for any living cell. Having penetrated into the body, alcohol very soon upsets the work of tissues and organs. Burning quickly, it robs them of oxygen and water. Cells shrivel, their activity is hampered. With a significant and frequent ingestion of alcohol into the body, the cells of various organs eventually die.

Under the influence of alcohol violated almost all physiological processes in the body, and this can lead to serious illness. The tissue of the liver, kidneys, heart, blood vessels, etc. is reborn.

The quickest and most detrimental effect of alcohol is on brain cells, while, first of all, the higher parts of the brain suffer. Quickly delivered by the blood stream to the brain, alcohol penetrates into nerve cells, which is destroyed, as a result of which the connection between various departments the brain gets upset.

Alcohol also affects the blood vessels that carry blood to the brain. First, they expand, and blood saturated with alcohol rapidly rushes to the brain, causing a sharp excitation of the nerve centers. This is where the overly cheerful mood and swagger of a drunken person comes from.

Scientists have found that under the influence of alcoholic beverages in the cerebral cortex, after increasing excitation, a sharp weakening of inhibition processes occurs. The cortex ceases to control the work of the lower, so-called subcortical parts of the brain. That is why an intoxicated person, as it were, loses control over himself and a critical attitude towards his behavior, losing restraint and modesty, he says and does what he did not say and would not do in a sober state. Each new portion of alcohol paralyzes higher nerve centers, as if connecting them and not allowing them to interfere with the chaotic activity of the sharply excited parts of the brain.

The well-known Russian psychiatrist S.S. Korsakov describes this state in this way: “the intoxicated person does not think about the consequences of his words and actions and treats them extremely lightly ... Passions and bad impulses appear without any cover and induce more or less wild actions.” But in a normal state, the same person can be well-mannered and modest, even shy. Everything in his personality that is restrained by upbringing, decency skills, seems to come out. In a state of intoxication, a person can blurt out any secret; he loses his vigilance, ceases to be careful. It is not for nothing that they say: "What a sober man has on his mind, then a drunkard has on his tongue."

What we in everyday life complacently call intoxication, in essence, is nothing more than acute poisoning alcohol, with all the ensuing consequences. Well, if after a certain time the body, freed from the poison, gradually returns to normal state. And if drunkenness continues, and new portions of alcohol systematically enter the body? What then?

Scientists have found that alcohol introduced into the body is not immediately excreted from there, and some amount of this substance continues to harmful action on organs within 1-2 days, and in some cases even more.

Alcohol causes a pleasant, high mood, and this encourages repeated use of alcohol. At first, if you wish and firmness of character, you can still refuse wine. Otherwise, under the influence alcohol intoxication the will weakens, and the person can no longer resist the craving for alcohol. Under the influence of alcohol, instincts get space, will and self-control are weakened, and often people commit misconduct and mistakes, which they repent of later all their lives.

Alcohol is very dangerous for a young body, especially for a woman, because their body during the growth period is more easily exposed to drugs and alcohol. From time immemorial, our ancestors considered water and milk to be the only suitable drinks for children. AT Ancient Greece and Rome, young men up to a certain age were generally forbidden to drink wine.

Alcohol has a negative effect on offspring. This was known in antiquity. In Greek mythology, the goddess Juno gave birth to the lame Vulcan from the intoxicated Jupiter. The ruler of Sparta, Lycurgus, forbade the use of alcoholic beverages on the wedding day under the threat of severe punishment. Hippocrates pointed out that the cause of idiocy, epilepsy and other nervous diseases is the drunkenness of parents who drank alcoholic beverages on the day of conception.

drinking people(especially women) under the influence of alcohol become cheeky, talkative, unrestrained, not critical enough of their behavior. When drunk, a woman loses her shame feminine dignity, she is prone to frivolous behavior, sexual promiscuity. The consequences of casual sexual relations resulting from intoxication are tragic.

Venereal diseases, the birth of handicapped children is not only words, behind them is a crippled, joyless life.

If drunkenness is the result of improper upbringing, weakness of will, licentiousness, imitation bad habits, then alcoholism serious illness, requiring special treatment. Great efforts are needed to re-educate a person who abuses alcohol. Not infrequently these efforts are in vain. There is nothing worse than a drunkard husband who makes his wife and children suffer.

Studies by scientists have shown that in boys and girls alcoholism is both severe and difficult. curable disease arises and develops 4 times faster than in adults. The destruction of personality also occurs much faster.

Repeating, it can be noted that when girls and boys drink alcoholic beverages, all organs are affected, but the central nervous system is especially vulnerable, memory deteriorates sharply, the psyche is disturbed, and control over one's actions decreases.

"Just One Drink"

Target: prevention of bad habits.

Conversation flow:

Org. moment.

informational conversation.

In the deepest antiquity, a person became acquainted with the unusual amusing effect of certain drinks. The most ordinary milk, honey, fruit juices, after standing in the sun, not only changed their appearance, taste, but also acquired the ability to excite, instill a feeling of lightness, carelessness, well-being. Not immediately, people saw that the next day the person paid with a headache, weakness, and a bad mood. Obviously, our distant ancestors could not even guess what a terrible enemy they got. Unfortunately, Sad consequences alcohol use received less attention than the mood improvements associated with alcohol use.

In legends, legends and parables of the old world - everywhere there is wine, intoxication, revelry. Debauchery flourished, and it was followed by its constant companions - depravity, crime, serious illness.

The main working beginning of intoxication of any drink was alcohol - ethyl, or wine, alcohol.

Taken inside, after 5-10 minutes it is absorbed into the blood and spread throughout the body. Alcohol is a poison for any living cell. Having penetrated into the body, alcohol very soon upsets the work of tissues and organs. Soon burning, it takes away their oxygen and water. Cells shrivel and their activity is hindered. With a significant and frequent ingress of alcohol into the body, the cells of various organs eventually die. Under the influence of alcohol, almost all physiological processes in the body are disrupted, and this can lead to serious illnesses. The tissue of the liver, kidneys, heart, blood vessels, etc. is reborn.

Most likely and most destructively, alcohol acts on the cells of the brain, with all this, first of all, the higher parts of the brain get sick. soon delivered by the blood flow to the brain, alcohol penetrates into the nerve cells, while being destroyed, as a result of which the connection between the various parts of the brain is upset.

Alcohol also affects the blood vessels that carry blood to the brain. From the beginning, they expand, and blood saturated with alcohol rapidly rushes to the brain, causing a sharp excitation of the nerve centers. This is where the extremely joyful mood and swagger of a drunk person comes from.

Scientists have learned that under the influence of alcoholic beverages in the cortex of the huge hemispheres of the brain, after increasing excitation, a sharp weakening of the effects of inhibition occurs. The cortex ceases to control the work of the lower, so-called subcortical parts of the brain. That is why an intoxicated person, as it were, loses control over himself and a critical attitude towards his behavior. losing restraint and modesty, he says and does what he would not have said and would not have done in a sober state. Any new portion of alcohol paralyzes the higher nerve centers more and more, as if connecting them and not allowing them to interfere with the chaotic activity of the sharply excited parts of the brain.

Recognizable Russian psychiatrist S.S. Korsakov describes this state in the following way: "The intoxicated person does not think about the consequences of his own words and actions and treats them very lightly ... Passions and bad impulses appear without any cover and induce more or less wild actions." But in a normal state, the same person can be well-mannered and modest, even shy. Everything in his personality that is held back by upbringing, decorum skills, seems to come out. In a state of intoxication, a person can blurt out any secret; he loses his attentiveness, ceases to be prudent. It is not for nothing that they say: "What a sober man has on his mind, then a drunkard has on his tongue."

What we kindly call intoxication in everyday life is, in essence, nothing more than acute alcohol poisoning, with all the ensuing consequences. Well, if after a certain time the body, freed from the poison, evenly returns to its normal state. And if the debauchery continues, and the newest portions of alcohol systematically enter the body? What then?

Scientists have learned that alcohol introduced into the body is not immediately excreted from there, and a certain amount of this substance continues its harmful effect on the organs for 1-2 days, and in some cases even more.

Alcohol causes a pleasant, high spirits, and this inspires the repeated use of alcohol. At the first time, if desired and firmness of character, you can still give up wine. Otherwise, under the influence of alcohol intoxication (well, the persuasion of friends), the will weakens, and the person can no longer resist the craving for alcohol. under the influence of alcohol, instincts gain space, the will and self-control are weakened, and often people commit misconduct and mistakes that they repent of all their lives.

Alcohol is very dangerous for young people, especially for women, since their body is more easily exposed to drugs during the growth period. From time immemorial, our ancestors considered water and milk to be the only suitable drinks for children. In ancient Greece and Rome, young men were generally forbidden to drink wine until a certain age.

Alcohol has a negative effect on offspring. This was known even in the deepest antiquity. In Greek mythology, the goddess Juno gave birth to the lame Vylkan from the intoxicated Jupiter. The ruler of Sparta, Lycurgus, forbade the use of alcoholic beverages on the day of marriage under the threat of severe punishment. Hippocrates pointed out that the prerequisite for idiocy, epilepsy and other neuropsychiatric diseases is the debauchery of parents who drank wine on the day of conception.

Drinkers (especially ladies) under the influence of alcohol become cheeky, talkative, unrestrained, not quite critical of their behavior. In a drunken state, the lady loses her shame, her feminine dignity, she is prone to frivolous behavior, sexual promiscuity. The consequences of casual sexual intercourse resulting from intoxication are tragic.

Venereal diseases, the birth of not full-fledged children - these are not only words, they have a crippled, unhappy life behind them.

Venereal diseases, the birth of bad children - these are not only words, they have a crippled, joyless life behind them.

If debauchery is the result of incorrect upbringing, weak will, licentiousness, imitation of bad habits, then alcoholism is serious illness requiring special treatment. Great efforts are needed to re-educate a person who abuses alcohol. Not infrequently these conditions are in vain. There is nothing worse than a drunkard husband who makes his wife and children suffer.

You're so old that you should be able to choose your friends. There should not be people in your environment who cannot imagine pleasure without a glass, not to mention the fact that you yourself are obliged to avoid drinking alcohol. You need to find the courage to resist those who are trying to persuade you to drink alcohol. All these feasts with the obligatory “drink to the bottom”, “penalty” for latecomers are the lot of the townsfolk. Unfortunately, the force of inertia is great, drawing into the sphere of mandatory drinking. Who, if not a lady, should fight with this not only personally, but also public evil! Around everyone who abuses alcohol, an atmosphere of condemnation and intolerance must be created. Be wary of parties gathering for the purpose of drinking and people who cannot imagine fun without drinking.

Researches of scientists have proved that in young men and women alcoholism, as a serious, difficult to treat disease, arises and develops FOUR times faster than in adults. The destruction of personality also occurs even faster.

3.Result:

I think that it is not difficult for you to draw a conclusion: never, under any circumstances, take a sip of wine, even if it is offered to you by close people - comrades and relatives.

It is worth repeating that when women and young men drink wine, all organs are affected, but the central nervous system is especially vulnerable, memory drops sharply, the psyche is disturbed, control over one's actions decreases ...

In the colony of juvenile delinquents, they had a conversation with the colonists. It turns out that almost all of them studied diligently, were fond of exciting things, read books, and wine brought them to the colony, “just a glass,” as they say. After all, crimes committed in a state of intoxication are aggravated and are especially severely punished.

Some schoolchildren join a glass of older guys, girlfriends: it’s not comfortable, they say, not to support the company.

Yes, in these circumstances, courage, firmness of character and common sense are certainly required.