Characteristic features of kidney failure. Why did the kidneys fail and is there a chance for salvation

Kidney failure is a kidney failure or a complete cessation of the work of an organ and poses a threat to a person's life. The kidneys are not able to maintain water-salt and acid-base balance, osmotic pressure, filter the blood and remove toxic substances from the body. Such a problem does not arise from scratch, the kidneys are able to recover even after serious damage. If one of them fails, in many cases the second one can almost completely cope with all functions. Therefore, if the kidneys fail, then there is a combination of several causes and damaging factors.

Why the kidneys stop working

Causes in humans are the death of nephrons. Most often, this process is quite long, so for some time the functions of the destroyed nephrons are shifted to those that remain healthy.

With the aggravation of the process of functional cells, it becomes less and less, and at a certain point the kidneys cease to cope with their work, that is, they fail.

Why do kidneys fail in a person, why does the destruction of nephrons occur? There are several reasons for this, and they can be associated with damage to various structures:

• prerenal;
• renal;
• postrenal.

Prerenal develops as a result of disorders that negatively affect the blood supply to the kidneys. The main place among the causes in this case is occupied by damage to blood vessels, spasms or narrowing of their lumen. Diabetes mellitus, atherosclerosis, thrombosis can lead to this problem. Kidney failure, that is, acute renal failure, can occur with an excessive decrease in blood pressure, which can accompany extremely serious conditions.

Causes of a critical decrease in blood pressure

• Large blood loss due to trauma.
• Burns.
• Heart failure.
• Septic, anaphylactic shock.

Renal insufficiency develops when the parenchyma is damaged, which can be caused by intoxication, diseases, injuries of the organ itself.

The reasons

• Jades.
• Exposure to poisons and toxic substances.
• Extensive organ injury.

Violation of the patency of the ureters of both kidneys leads to the development of postrenal renal failure and may cause the cessation of kidney function. This pathology is rare, since most often only one of the ureters is damaged.

Factors of damage to the urinary tract

• Stones in the urinary tract.
• Hemorrhages blocking the lumen of the ureters.

Pathology can occur due to severe dehydration of the body, when self-poisoning occurs, and the kidneys cannot withstand a high load. This degree of dehydration is associated with persistent diarrhea or vomiting, which in most cases is due to severe infections or poisoning.

Signs of kidney failure

The disease requires emergency care, so at the slightest suspicion of such a condition, you should urgently seek medical help. How to understand that an organ is failing? There are certain signs and symptoms of such a pathological condition.

The first signs appear as the body is poisoned with toxins. It all depends on how quickly the death of nephrons occurs. In some cases, 7 days pass before obvious manifestations. Symptoms of the disease in humans are numerous, since this organ performs several functions at once. Violation of each of these functions causes a noticeable deterioration in the condition. The appearance of such signs should be the reason for going to the doctor, as the condition is life-threatening.

Symptoms of an acute condition

• Decrease in the amount of urine up to complete anuria.
• Hematuria.
• Expressed edema.
• Strong nausea.
• Paroxysmal vomiting.
• Pain in the abdomen and lower back.
• General malaise.
• Skin itching.

Signs of a chronic process

• Polyuria.
• Edema.
• Attacks of nausea and vomiting.
• Bad appetite.
• Smell from the mouth.
• Pale skin.

It is possible that uric acid salt crystals protrude through the skin. There are such signs in a person as shortness of breath. It appears due to swelling in the chest and lungs.

If the organ stops working, the consequences threaten to be very sad. The process leads to the death of the tissues of the cortical substance of the kidneys, the addition of a kidney infection, most often to pyelonephritis. Toxins accumulate in the body, from which the whole body suffers. Damage to the central nervous system provokes convulsions, tremors. The intellectual abilities of a person also suffer: attention and memory deteriorate.

With this pathology, hematological abnormalities appear. The production of erythropoietin is significantly reduced, which leads to anemia. The phagocytic function of leukocytes is disrupted, therefore, the risk of infectious diseases increases, in addition, a general deterioration in immunity is observed.

Impaired kidney function almost always leads to hypertension, which affects the state of the cardiovascular system, increasing the risk of stroke and heart attack.

Other consequences

• loss of calcium.
• Strong weight loss.
• Internal bleeding.
• Violation of metabolic processes.

Treatment

Kidney failure is detected through urine and blood tests. You may need a biopsy of the kidney tissue to clarify the diagnosis and identify the causes of the problem. According to the results of the examination, treatment is prescribed.

The most important steps in treatment are removing the cause and removing toxins. With significant blood loss, a blood transfusion may be indicated. Next, hemodialysis is required. The procedure is performed in a hospital setting. There is a chance that the kidneys will be able to restore their functions. In the terminal stage, when recovery is not possible, an organ transplant may be required. However, it is not always possible to find a donor organ. In addition to hemodialysis, drug therapy and diet are prescribed.

Stories from our readers

“I was able to cure the KIDNEYS with the help of a simple remedy, which I learned about from an article by a UROLOGIST with 24 years of experience Pushkar D.Yu ...”

Life expectancy in pathology

Since the disease poses a direct threat to human life, sometimes the question arises: how much is left to live? Without help, a person can live for several days until the body can cope with intoxication. If the patient is given timely assistance, then he will be able to lead a normal life. If the restoration of kidney function becomes impossible, then constant measures will be required to artificially purify the blood, which significantly prolongs a person's life.

So, how long can a person live? It depends on the measures taken:

1. renal replacement therapy makes it possible to live at least 5 years;
2. modern technologies of hemodialysis prolong life by more than 20 years;
3. kidney transplantation extends life by 20 years.

Without treatment, life with broken kidneys is impossible. Unfortunately, according to statistics, today several dozen people die from kidney failure every year. However, the achievements of modern medicine have made the number of deaths much less, and the life expectancy of patients is much longer.

Tired of dealing with kidney disease?

Swelling of the face and legs, PAIN in the lower back, PERMANENT weakness and fatigue, painful urination? If you have these symptoms, then there is a 95% chance of kidney disease.

If you care about your health, then read the opinion of a urologist with 24 years of experience. In his article, he talks about capsules RENON DUO.

This is a fast-acting German kidney repair remedy that has been used all over the world for many years. The uniqueness of the drug is:

• Eliminates the cause of pain and brings the kidneys to their original state.
• German capsules eliminate pain already in the first course of use, and help to completely cure the disease.
• There are no side effects and no allergic reactions.

When kidney failure occurs, the symptoms of the pathology manifest themselves quite clearly, and it is difficult not to notice them. This pathological process is congenital and acquired. Kidney failure () can occur in acute and chronic form.

Acute form: symptoms

Acute renal failure is a process when there is a sharp disorder in functioning. The loss of natural functionality occurs within a short time. A pathology develops, accompanied by a violation of the acid-base, water, electrolyte and osmotic balance. A delay in the production of nitrogen metabolism begins under the influence of dangerous processes in the renal blood flow.

When the kidneys fail, the signs of an acute form of the disease manifest themselves in this way:

• Reduction of urine excreted during the day and even its complete absence.
• The appearance of swelling. Significant swelling of the ankles and face. If you stand on the scales, you can notice a clear increase in weight.
• Loss of appetite and feeling of nausea. After a while, vomiting appears.
• General feeling of weakness. Possible increase in pressure.
• Pain syndrome that occurs in the place where the kidneys are located. The pain may radiate to the abdomen.
• There are bloody traces in the urine and skin itching.

If you do not respond in a timely manner to the signs of kidney failure, the manifestations will begin to intensify and become critical for the patient. As fluid accumulates in the body, the patient experiences shortness of breath. Consciousness becomes confused, which will soon lead to its complete loss.

Signs of a chronic form

- gradual deterioration of kidney function, which leads to permanent poisoning of the body. As a rule, the pathological process begins to develop against the background of another disease of the body, which has an impact on the activity of the urinary system. Symptoms of kidney failure in a person with a chronic form are initially poorly noticeable. This fact is explained by the fact that the body does not immediately lose its efficiency. Healthy kidney tissue begins to take on a large load and thus replenishes the activity of the pathological site. That is, if one kidney failed, for example, the right one, then the left organ begins to work for two. If you do not take any action to eliminate the pathology, then after a while there will be an overload of a healthy organ.

The consequences will be deplorable, as the destruction of the renal tissue will begin to occur with greater intensity.

A complete failure of the kidneys in a chronic variety of the disease can overtake the patient at any time.

The chronic form is characterized by such symptoms of kidney failure:

• Frequent urge to urinate. They become more frequent not only in the daytime, but also at night, while the volume of urine excreted is significantly reduced. But it can be the other way around, that is, the amount of daily urine increases.
• Bleeding gums. You can notice blood while brushing your teeth or when eating rough foods, such as apples. Additionally, an unpleasant odor may appear from the mouth.
• Frequent and causeless swelling.

• Disorders in the digestive tract.
• Change in skin color. Pale yellowish-brown tone prevails.
• The appearance on the skin of small white crystals of urea (the so-called uremic frost), which indicates clear signs of the disease.
• Pain in the chest.
• Amenorrhea. This symptom occurs only for women, as it characterizes the absence of menstruation for several cycles.

Without proper treatment, the chronic form of the abnormal process will one way or another lead to an exacerbation and the appearance of an acute form.

Sources of the problem

It is impossible to understand on your own why the kidneys failed. In medicine, there are 3 types of renal failure, characterized by the underlying causes of the disease.

• Prerenal renal failure. It is manifested by a violation of the circulatory process.
• Renal form. The causes of kidney failure are characterized by a breakdown in the functionality of the kidney parenchyma under the influence of various stimuli. This can be predetermined by kidney disease, the use of chemicals and drugs, poisoning.
• Postrenal kidney failure. The causes of the pathology are prostate adenoma, urolithiasis, tumors, injuries and other disorders of the urinary tract.

Kidney failure can, for example, follow after significant burns of the body, an increase in the level of potassium in the blood, prolonged dehydration (often the development of pathology is possible in the case of prolonged diarrhea or vomiting).

All of these problems can have an impact on chronic organ damage.

After kidney failure

With the appearance of acute renal failure, the consequences are the most deplorable, up to death.

In the case of prolonged renal failure caused by circulatory disorders, the process of death of the cortical substance in the kidneys may begin. Stagnation of blood leads to pulmonary edema, in addition, there is a possibility of infection.

The consequences of the chronic form of pathology are distinguished by their complexity. The patient's concentration of uremic toxins increases, which have a direct effect on the central nervous system, which causes tremors and convulsions. Brain activity becomes inhibited. Reduced erythropoietin generation leads to anemia, one of the hallmarks of kidney failure. As for the cardiovascular system, the patient has a steady increase in blood pressure, and it only increases renal failure. A complication such as a stroke or heart attack is likely.

Due to a prolonged disorder in the process of calcium absorption, patients experience bone degeneration (renal osteodystrophy) and an increased incidence of fractures.

In addition, with kidney failure, the production of sex hormones is reduced.

Problem Solving Methods

If the kidneys fail or even the slightest hint of kidney failure appears, you should immediately go to the hospital. Only after all the necessary tests have been carried out, the doctor can make a diagnosis and prescribe the appropriate treatment for the patient.

In the presence of an acute form and timely access to a doctor, the patient has every chance for a full recovery. As for the chronic form, full recovery is also possible, but the treatment process will be lengthy. What to do and how the pathology is decided only by the doctor for each patient individually.

In the early stages of the pathology, hospitalization is not required.

In the presence of inflammation, the patient is prescribed antibiotics and kidney tea. Phytotherapy is widely used in traditional medicine for kidney diseases.

If the disease provoked complications, then they additionally struggle with their consequences. When the pathology is no longer amenable to conservative treatment, there is only one way out - replacing the organ with an artificial or donor one.

Chronic diseases of the cardiovascular and genitourinary systems sometimes provoke kidney failure, the symptoms are similar in all cases. If you do not seek qualified medical help in a timely manner at the initial stage of renal failure, a fatal outcome will follow. Self-treatment in this case is unacceptable.

The kidneys are often referred to as the filter of the body. Thanks to their work, harmful substances and toxins are removed from the body. If they refuse, they cease to perform their cleansing function. That is, all the cells of the organs cease to filter the blood and remove urea. Gradually, all organs are saturated with toxins. A poisoned organism cannot function without outside help, and the chance to survive without outside intervention is practically zero.

In medicine, these forms of renal failure are distinguished:

• prerenal:
• renal:
• postrenal.

The first occurs as a result of impaired blood supply in these internal organs. This often happens with atherosclerosis, thrombosis, diabetes.

In the renal form, the destruction and death of the kidneys at the cellular level occurs as a result of prolonged exposure to toxic chemicals and strong drugs. Not the last role is played by chronic diseases of the internal organs.

Causes of postrenal insufficiency - obstruction of the urinary canals leading to the kidneys, due to prostate adenoma, growth of neoplasms in the renal tissues. Sometimes the kidneys fail as a result of severe and extensive burns of the skin, an excess of potassium in their tissues, and dehydration. Kidney failure can occur suddenly in a person, but it can also happen gradually. This is seen in chronic renal failure.

Characteristic manifestations

Depending on the causes of kidney failure and the duration of this condition, the symptoms may vary slightly. However, the main symptoms of kidney failure are always present. The urge to urinate stops in a person, urine does not come out, or it leaves in small portions. For some time there is a gradual intoxication of the body. Necrosis of the kidneys occurs; they cease to function and excrete urea.

As a result, a urinic coma or toxic poisoning occurs, which often leads to strokes or heart attacks. As a result, if treatment is not started at the first symptoms, a fatal outcome is inevitable.

In acute renal failure, when the kidneys fail, the symptoms are:

1. The number of urination per day decreases sharply (signs of oliguria).
2. There is blood in the urine.
3. Urination stops (signs of anuria).
4. The face and limbs visibly swell.
5. Severe nausea begins, up to vomiting.
6. The pressure rises.
7. Strong weakness.
8. Severe pains begin in the back and abdomen.
9. The skin starts to itch a lot.

In the last stages of acute renal failure, as all internal organs become more and more intoxicated, hematomas occur throughout the body, fluid accumulates in the lungs, shortness of breath begins, breathing becomes fetid, and trembling begins. The patient falls into a coma.

Acute kidney failure may occur unexpectedly for the patient, as initially sometimes it did not manifest itself in any way. The danger of the disease in this form lies in the fact that the process develops quickly. Death occurs a maximum of 7 hours after the onset of the first vivid symptoms.

When the kidneys fail, the symptoms are:

1. An increase in the daily amount of urine (signs of polyuria).
2. , while the amount of urine at a time is negligible.
3. The appearance of swelling.
4. Bleeding gums.
5. It breaks and hurts in the chest, bones.
6. There is an upset stomach.
7. The skin becomes yellowish.
8. There is bad breath.

Unlike acute, in chronic renal failure, the process of cessation of kidney function occurs slowly.

Initially, the patient may not be aware of the disease. Gradually, diseased kidneys cope with their functions worse and worse; various diseases begin - nephritis, pyelonephritis.

As a rule, if the patient neglects his condition, the process is aggravated. Headaches begin, high blood pressure torments, sexual desire weakens and disappears; men lose their potency.

In the last stages, a strong tremor of the hands and head begins, mental functions are disturbed. Ulcers, other skin rashes can go through the body; hematomas appear. The immune defense of the body is greatly reduced. As a result, the patient easily picks up any acute respiratory disease. Death often occurs as a result of a stroke or heart attack.

Therapeutic measures

In cases where, at the first symptoms of kidney failure, a person seeks medical help, as a rule, adequate treatment is prescribed. Acute and chronic insufficiency are cured completely.

In acute kidney failure, an immediate blood transfusion is performed; drug therapy is given. The main thing in treatment is to stop the process of destruction of the kidneys and restore their function. In chronic cases, it is carried out in several stages.

Initially, antibiotics are prescribed to stop inflammation in the kidneys. In a complex, you can take medicinal herbal teas and decoctions from birch leaves, knotweed, wheatgrass, green tea. It is useful to drink pumpkin juice, birch sap. In the future, Hofitol, Lespenefril are prescribed in order to stop the process of kidney destruction. After that, drugs are prescribed that normalize blood pressure and cardiovascular activity. The next step is blood transfusion. Thus, the body is cleansed of intoxication. At the same time, a special diet is prescribed, which is based on the minimum intake of protein foods. The diet should consist of boiled or baked vegetables, cereals on the water, lean soups.

In recent years, transplantation of healthy donor kidneys has been practiced.

However, in this case, the consequences are unpredictable, since it is not known whether the patient's body will reject the new organ. It is important that the donor's blood type and Rh factor are identical. In addition, it is not uncommon for a suitable donor organ to have to wait for a long time. Yes, this treatment is expensive.

In severe stages, when treatment does not bring results, and organ transplantation is impossible for some reason or it is necessary to wait for a long time, they resort to hemodialysis. That is, the patient is connected to an artificial kidney machine. The essence of this therapy is simple: a tube is implanted into the body through which toxic substances are removed, thereby preventing permanent intoxication of the body.

The disadvantage of this method of replacement therapy is that many patients remain chained to a hospital bed for the rest of their lives. The positive thing is that their life expectancy is increasing more and more due to the development of medicine. The minimum period of effective hemodialysis is 20 years. At the same time, according to the latest data, some patients with an artificial kidney have been living for more than 40 years. It remains to be hoped that in the future, scientists will resolve the issue of a more mobile lifestyle for this category of patients. Thus, the quality of life of such patients will improve.

Kidney failure with timely treatment is not a sentence. Often patients recover completely. In some cases, their daily life, although somewhat limited, is otherwise not much different from the life of healthy people. They have their own successes, joys, hobbies, close friends.

Why does kidney failure occur? Symptoms and consequences, as well as the causes of this pathology will be presented below. We will also tell you about whether this disease can be treated.

basic information

Failure of the kidneys, the symptoms of which should be known to all patients, is a serious pathology in which the paired organ of the renal system loses all ability to filter fluid and blood. As a result of this phenomenon, the entire chemical balance of the human body is disturbed.

The symptoms of kidney failure are known to few. Therefore, in this article, we decided to describe all the signs of this disease. After all, it is deadly, and therefore requires immediate contact with an experienced specialist.

If the patient recognized all the symptoms of kidney failure in time, and the treatment was chosen correctly, then such a disease is quite successfully corrected.

The essence of the problem

Symptoms of kidney failure can vary from person to person. It depends on the severity and type of the disease. Experts say that there are two types:

• chronic;
• acute.

About what features such pathological conditions have, we will tell further.

Chronic kidney disease

Symptoms of kidney failure in the chronic course of the disease proceed gradually. Signs of the disease can increase, disappear, and also appear suddenly. This state of affairs makes the diagnostic process quite difficult.

The following diseases lead to chronic disorders of kidney function with their subsequent failure:

• pyelonephritis;
• kidney tuberculosis;
• nephritis;
• hydronephrosis;
• oncology;
• polycystic kidney disease.

Various endocrine diseases, cardiovascular pathologies and others can also have a negative impact.

According to experts, the delay of symptoms in renal pathologies occurs due to the fact that over time, healthy tissue of paired organs compensates for the injured. But soon the damaged tissues increase so much that the kidneys cease to function normally.

Acute form of the disease

Symptoms of kidney failure in the development of acute failure can develop within a few hours. Sometimes such pathological changes take several days.

Most often, kidney failure occurs unexpectedly. It can be observed even against the background of the patient's well-being. The consequences in this case can be dire.

As a rule, such a problem develops due to a violation of the water balance in the human body, problems with blood circulation, and others. As a result of these disorders in the kidneys, the accumulation of decay products occurs, which, in fact, is the cause of intoxication.

Main reasons

Kidney failure can occur for a variety of reasons. At the same time, experts say that such a pathological condition most often occurs due to:

Also, experts recommend paying attention to those problems that can act as a catalyst for the pathology in question. These can be serious burns of the body, and an increase in the level of potassium in the blood, and prolonged dehydration, and so on.

What are the symptoms of kidney failure?

As mentioned above, the signs of failure of the renal system can be different. However, they are all fairly typical. And if you observe at least one of the symptoms, you should immediately consult a doctor.

So how does kidney failure happen? Symptoms (death in this pathology occurs only in acute and severe conditions) of the mentioned condition are as follows:

• the patient has nausea, loss of appetite and vomiting;
• appear serious (may be partially interrupted or stop completely);
• weakness and malaise are observed;
• such a common symptom as puffiness develops;
• body weight increases significantly (as a rule, this occurs due to the accumulation of excess water in the tissues);
• there are severe pains in the abdomen, as well as skin itching and others.

It should be noted that all of the listed symptoms should especially attract attention if such a problem as the appearance of blood in the urine develops against their background.

Other signs

What other symptoms may indicate kidney failure? According to doctors, if the treatment of the disease in question was not started on time, then the following may be added to the main symptoms listed above:

• problems with consciousness;
• dyspnea;
• drowsiness;
• the appearance of hematomas on the body.

In addition, in advanced cases become more serious. Often, patients experience fainting and even coma.

Possible consequences

Now you know why kidney failure occurs. Symptoms (blood sugar with such a pathology may be normal, or may increase), accompanied by a similar phenomenon, were also presented above.

According to experts, the consequences of the pathology in question can be deadly. Very often, complete kidney failure is preceded by necrosis, that is, the death of tissues of paired organs. Such a process can lead to the development of a rather serious infection.

It should also be noted that in chronic kidney failure due to prolonged accumulation of toxic substances, the patient may experience problems with the nervous system, as well as severe convulsions.

The consequences of failure of the renal system include the development of anemia. In addition, the heart and blood vessels suffer. This happens due to the fact that the fluid retained in the body gives a double load on the entire vascular system.

It should also be noted that the abnormal functioning of the kidneys often leads to problems with the strength of bone and cartilage tissues.

Treatment process

Treatment for failure of the renal system should be done in stages. Only an experienced specialist who relies on the results of analysis and other medical studies has the right to carry out therapy.

The system can be cured completely. As for chronic, the therapy of such a disease is a rather lengthy process. In this case, a complete cure may never occur.

Each provides for the implementation of specific actions:

It should also be noted that if the kidneys are unable to perform their main function, patients undergo intraperitoneal dialysis or hemodialysis using the “artificial kidney” apparatus.

In very severe and advanced cases, an urgent transplantation of a donor organ is required.

Summing up

From the foregoing, we can safely conclude that early diagnosis, as well as proper treatment of renal failure, will stop the disease and prevent the development of complications.

A special role in the treatment of such diseases has a low-protein diet with a restriction on the use of sodium and phosphorus. It should be remembered that self-treatment in case of kidney failure is life-threatening, therefore, when observing the main symptoms of this problem, you should immediately contact a specialist.

In the event of kidney failure in a person, complete poisoning of the body begins, which inevitably leads to death, if emergency measures are not taken. Of course, the question of how long people live after organ failure cannot be answered unambiguously. There are cases when a person lived for more than half a century, and someone has a few years left. When the kidneys fail, the real chance of continuing life depends on the individual characteristics of the body, the measures taken and the timeliness of the detection of pathology.

The kidneys are the biological filter of the human body. It is thanks to this body that many harmful and toxic substances are excreted. If kidney failure occurs, the blood stops being filtered, and urea is not excreted from the body. A rapid accumulation of toxins begins, which gradually saturate all internal organs. In conditions of severe poisoning, the body is unable to function, which is manifested by the failure of many organs. Without external intervention in the cleansing process, the chances of human survival are rapidly approaching zero.

Naturally, it doesn't just appear. This is facilitated by objective reasons, both exogenous and endogenous. Pathology can occur at any age - both in infants and the elderly. Under the influence of circumstances, one kidney may fail, and then the entire load falls on the second kidney. The worst option is the failure of both kidneys.

Etiology

The kidneys fail as a result when the functioning of the organ becomes impossible. There are such types of renal failure: prerenal, renal and postrenal form. The prerenal type of pathology is associated with a violation of the blood supply regime. The main reasons for this phenomenon: atherosclerosis, thrombosis, diabetes mellitus.

The renal variety of the disease is caused by prolonged exposure to poisonous and potent drugs. Kidney damage develops at the cellular level and is irreversible. Some diseases of the internal organs, excessive alcohol addiction can lead to such a pathology. The postrenal form is the result of blockage of the urinary passages associated with the kidneys. The reasons:
urolithiasis, prostate adenoma, various tumor formations.

The kidneys can fail due to dehydration, excessive accumulation of potassium in the tissues, severe body burns. As a rule, a slowly developing process of an endogenous nature leads to kidney failure, but cases of unexpected failure are also recorded under the influence of a powerful factor. In a child, pathology is caused by congenital malformations.

Symptoms

When kidney failure occurs, symptoms appear depending on the etiological mechanism and the severity of the disease. True, there are also signs of kidney failure, which do not depend on the root causes, because they are due to the essence of the pathology. First of all, it is a stop in the production of urine, which is manifested by the cessation of the urge to urinate. Urine ceases to stand out or its amount is extremely small. This is the initial manifestation, which then develops into overt symptoms of kidney failure caused by general intoxication of the body and renal necrosis. If measures are not taken, then in adults and children, consequences such as severe toxic poisoning and urinic coma are inevitable, which, in turn, cause stroke and heart attack.

In order to have a chance of preventing a fatal outcome, urgent measures must be taken when the acute phase of renal failure has not reached the stage of complete organ failure. The following symptoms of the initial period of pathology are distinguished: oliguria and anuria, the appearance of blood traces in the urine, swelling of the extremities and face, nausea and vomiting, arterial hypertension, general weakness, pain in the abdomen in front and from the back, skin itching.

At the next stage, intoxication and such signs develop: hematomas in different parts of the body, accumulation of fluid in the lungs, shortness of breath, trembling throughout the body, and an unpleasant odor when breathing. Everything ends in a coma. It should be remembered that acute failure develops very quickly and, as a rule, 6-10 hours are enough before complete kidney failure and death.

Treatment options

If emergency measures are not taken at the time of complete kidney failure, death is inevitable within 10-24 hours.

Only urgent and vigorous treatment gives a chance for survival. It should be understood that failure is an irreversible phenomenon, and the measures taken are aimed at cleansing the body from the outside or installing a donor organ. When carrying out energetic therapeutic measures, a person can live normally for a long time, remaining limited able-bodied.

Active treatment for kidney failure is based on the following methods: hemodialysis, and organ transplantation. Hemodialysis is a so-called artificial kidney, which provides blood filtration. Carrying out such a procedure for 3-5 hours 3-5 times a week allows you to normalize metabolic processes and water-electrolyte balance. This technology allows to extend the life of a person by an average of 15-20 years.

Peritoneal dialysis is based on creating conditions when your own peritoneum begins to perform the functions of the kidneys. For this purpose, a special fluid is injected into the peritoneum. This treatment technique is able to save life on average 10-15 years. Finally, kidney transplantation is the most radical and modern way. The experience of such operations shows that the life of a sick person can be extended by more than 30-35 years.