Menstrual cycle, ovulation, hormonal regulation. Signs and feelings of ovulation in a woman

The etiology of female infertility is diverse. Infertility in girls and women can be a violation of the work of the endocrine glands. It is hormonal disruptions in 35-40% of cases that cause the impossibility of conception and the successful course of pregnancy.

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Symptoms of hormonal infertility

The symptoms of infertility in girls are not always as pronounced as in women. This may be due to the immaturity of the reproductive system. As a rule, all failures and disorganization of the hormonal system of the body lead to irregular ovulation or its absence. Education does not occur in the ovary, processes in the endometrium are disrupted, pregnancy does not occur.

A normal menstrual cycle looks like this:

How does infertility manifest itself against the background of hormonal disorders? In most cases, the main signs of infertility are as follows:

• scanty or too heavy menstruation, their irregularity;
• amenorrhea;
• lack of ovulation;
• education ;
• pain in the mammary glands, discharge from them.

Normogonadotropic anovulatory infertility develops for two main reasons: pathology of the thyroid gland and ovarian disease.

Infertility and the thyroid gland

Very often, endocrine disruption of the fertile function develops as a result of thyroid pathology, hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism. In women suffering from infertility, approximately 2-8%, and, according to other sources, up to 15%, the cause of endocrine disruption of fertility is thyroid dysfunction.

Thyroid hormones are involved in the synthesis of sex hormones: and testosterone. Hypothyroidism is more often than hyperthyroidism registered as the cause of infertility in girls. An underactive thyroid gland causes an increase in testosterone levels in the female body. This leads to hormonal failure in the female body and disruption of ovulation.

Insufficient production of thyroid hormones increases the level of estrogen, disrupts the synthesis of gonadotropic hormones. It also disrupts the ovulation cycle. If pregnancy occurs, hypothyroidism increases the risk of miscarriage. Pregnancy is often complicated by anemia, in most cases ends.

Chronic deficiency of thyroid hormones leads to an increase in the level of the hormone prolactin. The hormone does not directly affect ovulation, but its high concentration leads to a decrease in the concentration of follicle-stimulating and luteinizing hormones. This leads to disruption of ovulation. Thus, the diagnosis of hypothyroidism and infertility in women are closely related.

The causes of thyroid dysfunction in women are:

• autoimmune nature;
• trauma, neoplasm, radiation therapy;
• total or partial thyroidectomy.

In young women, autoimmune is more often recorded. Hypothyroidism affects approximately 2% of women of childbearing age. Therefore, when planning a pregnancy, it is necessary to conduct an examination of the thyroid gland and make sure that there is no pathology.

Forms of anovulatory infertility

Normogonadotropic anovulatory infertility also develops when the normal process of follicle formation and egg maturation in the ovaries is disturbed. Anovulatory infertility has numerous clinical signs, but they are united by a single symptom - the absence of ovulation.

The menstrual cycle is regulated by the hypothalamus, which controls the pituitary gland through hormone-releasing hormone. It is this gland that is responsible for the production of the main hormones of the female body: follicle-stimulating and luteinizing. These hormones are responsible for ovulation. With anovulatory infertility, there is a failure in the hypothalamus-pituitary-ovaries system.

Hypothalamo-pituitary insufficiency leads to hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. The congenital form of the disease develops due to gene mutations (genetic nature). Acquired hypogonadotropic hypogonadism develops when:

• anorexia;
• psychogenic factor (stress);
• Shien's syndrome.

A congenital or acquired disease is characterized by the absence of menstruation, low levels of estrogen in the body and, as a result, infertility.

Hypothalamic-pituitary dysfunction is characterized by a high concentration of female hormones, including estrogen, prolactin, and gonadotropin. Deficiency of follicle-stimulating hormone leads to anovulation. The high level of androgen production in this type of dysfunction also leads to a lack of ovulation. Dysfunction is caused by craniocerebral trauma, tumors, neuroinfections.

Insufficiency of the luteal phase contributes to the immaturity of the endometrium. 25% of endocrine disorders of women's fertility are related to this type of hormonal disorder.

An independent form of hypothalamic-pituitary disease is hyperprolactemia. In the structure of hormonal infertility, it is 40%. High secretion of prolactin often causes secondary infertility. The most common causes of the disease:

• pituitary tumors,
• hypothyroidism,
• cushing syndrome,
• sarcoidosis.

In some dysfunctions, the ovaries or adrenal glands can increase the production of androgens. Hyperandrogenism is a common cause of hormonal infertility in girls. There is insufficient production of progesterone, endometrial hyperplasia, anovulation.

Hormonal imbalance can occur with an increase in estrogen levels and a lack of progesterone. Developing. Predisposing factors: You can determine the absence of ovulation yourself using basal temperature. We recommend that you read the article. From it you will learn how to properly conduct a study, which indicators are normal throughout the cycle, and which ones immediately after conception, how values ​​\u200b\u200bcan change depending on the time of day, and many other interesting facts.

Principles of treatment of endocrine infertility

When a type of hormonal failure is identified, treatment is first prescribed, aimed at normalizing the function of the endocrine glands (adrenal glands, thyroid gland). Only after that attempts are made to stimulate ovulation. The pituitary gland is stimulated to grow the follicle. If normogonadotropic anovulatory infertility is the basis of the violation of the fertile function, treatment is carried out with gonadotropic hormones. Endocrine infertility is successfully treated both medically and surgically (polycystic ovaries).

The prognosis for the successful restoration of the normal functioning of the ovaries depends on the correct diagnosis, well-chosen treatment and the level of qualification of specialists.

The release of the egg from the ovary into the pelvic cavity as a result of the rupture of a mature follicle. From the pelvic cavity, the egg enters the fallopian tube, where it is fertilized. The biological meaning of ovulation is the release of the egg from the follicle for its fertilization and further transportation through the genital tract. With a 28-day menstrual cycle, ovulation occurs on the fourteenth day. A few days before and after ovulation is the most favorable time for the fertilization of the egg.

The ovaries of a girl from birth contain a large number of eggs. Until the age when puberty occurs, not all reproductive cells survive, but those that remain are quite ready for their main function - the formation of a new organism.

Every month, one (less often several) egg matures in the ovaries of a sexually mature girl, which at some point leaves its vesicular membrane (follicle) and enters the fallopian tube. Modern medicine calls such a complex process ovulation. Without it, it is impossible to get pregnant naturally.

Surely, more women will be interested to know exactly how ovulation occurs, at what interval and what to do if the favorable period for conception does not come?

The process of ovulation is the rupture of the vesicular follicle and the release of a reproductive cell from it, which is ready for fertilization. Instead of the torn dominant structural component of the ovaries, a temporary gland (corpus luteum) appears. It is she who synthesizes hormones during ovulation and produces progesterone, which contributes to the thickening of the lining of the uterus, which is preparing for pregnancy. If fertilization does not occur, after 11-15 days the corpus luteum stops its development. Against the background of this process, the thickened mucous part of the uterus is rejected, breaking small blood vessels. Menstrual bleeding begins.

The cycle of menstruation takes a period of time, starting from the first day of the beginning of the previous menstruation and ending with the first day of the next. The duration of such a cycle can be different and, as a rule, ranges from 22 to 32 days.

Not all women know how many days ovulation lasts and what is the viability of a mature egg. The exit of the reproductive cell from the follicle takes approximately 60 minutes. And once in the fallopian tube, the egg remains ready for conception for approximately 22-26 hours.

How many days does ovulation last in a normal cycle?

It is important to highlight the fact that each woman can ovulate differently. The norm in medical practice is considered to be the period from 11 to 16 days of the menstrual cycle. The regularity of the phenomenon depends on numerous factors, including the hormonal balance, which is created by the follicular hormones of the ovaries and the anterior lobe of the endocrine gland (pituitary gland). Ovulation lasts approximately 16-32 hours.

early ovulation

Reproductive health professionals note an average value that determines the period of time when, as a result of a ruptured follicle, an egg from the ovary enters the fallopian tube. Given the exact timing of the onset and how many days ovulation lasts, we can safely say that such a physiological process most often occurs in the middle of the menstrual cycle.

The early cycle of ovulation is the release of an egg ready for fertilization on the 7-10th day from the first day of the onset of menstruation. Most doctors are sure that such a concept is correct to use only when diagnosing the reproductive system of one woman. That is, if over a certain period of time the girl's ovulation began only on the 15-16th day of the cycle, and in one period it came on the 9th day, then it is in this case that it is appropriate to use the term "early ovulation". Indeed, for some women, the day of ovulation, which falls on the 9th day of the cycle, is the norm.

There may be several reasons for the appearance of an early phenomenon associated with the rupture of the follicle and the release of a mature egg into the fallopian tube. Specialists in the medical field distinguish not only hormonal fluctuations, but also chronic diseases, taking pills, and even a sudden change of scenery.

Problems with brain activity can provoke the development of an early cycle of ovulation. If the hypothalamus produces a large amount of gonadotropin, then the pituitary gland, in turn, will immediately produce hormones that will start the process of rupture of the follicle and the release of the egg ahead of time.

late ovulation

The days of ovulation that fall at the end of the menstrual cycle (from the 18th day from the first day) can be considered late if, over a certain period of time, the release of the egg from the follicle in a woman occurred at an earlier date.

Late ovulation can be a hindrance when planning a child, because in this way you can miss the right moment for conception. Also, late dates can increase the risk of unwanted pregnancy, because women often use an ineffective method of contraception associated with a calendar count of cycle days. It is necessary to treat the problem with medication by a gynecologist only if it is proved that early or late ovulation is a sign of disorders.

All existing signs of ovulation can be conditionally divided into several subgroups, among which objective and subjective symptoms should be distinguished:

• short-term pain syndrome in the lower abdomen;
• excess, which become slimy and viscous;
• decrease in body temperature in the colon;
• an increase in the concentration of progesterone, etc.

All signs of the phenomenon should be considered in detail, because such knowledge will help to recognize the symptoms and accurately calculate ovulation.

Pain during ovulation

During ovulation, approximately every 4-5 women experience. Doctors in this case note several provoking factors.

The day of ovulation may be accompanied by pain associated with minor bleeding that appears in the ovary when the follicle ruptures. This process irritates the abdominal wall, after which, as a rule, short-term pain appears. The degree of soreness largely depends on the woman's body. It can be blunt or sharp in character. The duration of this sign of ovulation ranges from a few seconds to hours.

It is important to highlight the fact that painful ovulation, the symptoms of which can have varying degrees of manifestation, is a physiological process.

Signs of the phenomenon are associated primarily with the peculiarities of the structure of the female reproductive system. Pain in the middle of the cycle, as a rule, is not pathological and does not require specialist advice. But it also happens that discomfort is not associated with rupture of the follicle, but appears for a number of other reasons, for example, due to appendicitis.

Urgently go to the hospital, and make an appointment with a doctor if:

• painful signs of ovulation are accompanied by an increase in body temperature and nausea;
• sharp or dull pain becomes unbearable;
• pain during ovulation does not go away after 24 hours;
• the day after ovulation is accompanied by dizziness or heavy bleeding.

If you cannot quickly get an appointment with the leading doctor, you should immediately call an ambulance.

Discharge during ovulation

Among the main signs of ovulation, one can note the features of vaginal secretion. During the period of rupture of the follicle and the release of the egg into the fallopian tube, the discharge increases in volume and becomes more viscous. The color may become transparent, white or yellowish-beige. Normally, such discharge should not be accompanied by reddening of the skin, swelling, itching, burning, or a pungent odor.

Hormonal changes during ovulation

In place of the ruptured follicle, a gland (yellow body) appears, capable of producing steroid hormones.

Estrogen

Steroid hormones estrogens are divided into 3 fractions, which must be considered according to their activity:

• estrone (less active);
• estriol;
• estradiol (the most active).

The hormonal background changes throughout the entire menstrual cycle. In particular, the amount of estrogens increases at the time of follicle growth. Ovulation is directly related to an increase in estrogen levels.

Cyclic hormonal changes in progesterone and estrogen levels lead to the transformation of the endometrium, which is ready to accept an already fertilized egg.

Progesterone

During ovulation and before the onset of menstrual bleeding, the temporary endocrine gland (corpus luteum) actively produces progesterone. It connects to estrogens, which from the very beginning of follicle growth changed the hormonal background, making it favorable for fertilization and development of the embryo.

Given the above information, it is possible to summarize and confirm the fact that estrogen production occurs mainly during the growth of the follicle, but progesterone begins to actively grow during the formation and development of the corpus luteum.

Those hormones that are synthesized by the ovaries affect many tissues of the human body, including the mammary glands, brain, skin, myocardium, etc.

To calculate ovulation for conception or simply determine its timing, you can use several methods. Among the most popular methods, it is necessary to highlight the ovulation test and ultrasound diagnostics. It is these options that will help you find out exactly when and how many days ovulation can last in your particular case.

Ovulation calendar

You can conditionally calculate ovulation using a special calendar. This method can help not only determine approximate safe days for sexual contact, but also a favorable period for conception. A gynecologist can help create an ovulation calendar.

Based on the personal data of the patient, the doctor will draw up a schedule with approximate dates. It is important to know that you cannot use the ovulation calendar for contraception. This method does not guarantee and will not protect against pregnancy.

Ovulation calculator

You can get an approximate calculation of ovulation using an automatic online calculator, but it is important to use it only in combination with other effective methods. Comprehensive diagnostics during the period when a mature egg enters the fallopian tube can take into account the results of an ultrasound examination, a test, and data from an ovulation calculator.

You can calculate ovulation for conception, taking into account some information. It is important to note when was the first day of the last menstruation and the duration of the cycle. The ovulation calculator calculates the conditional schedule automatically. You can not use this method as protection against unwanted pregnancy.

An accurate and compact ovulation test is a great way to plan your pregnancy. It is easy to use and most often shows accurate results. This method works, based on the hormonal background of a woman, which is rapidly changing throughout the entire menstrual cycle.

Peptide luteinizing hormone (LH) is essential for the proper functioning of the reproductive system. A peak increase in its indicators initiates ovulation, which is what the tests are guided by. The timing when the egg ready for fertilization leaves the follicle can be determined using calculators, ovulation calendars, and basal temperature. But it is the ovulation test that is considered the most likely way to determine favorable days for conception. Although in terms of its characteristics and accuracy, it can be different.

It is important to know that the test does not show when the egg leaves the follicle, but only determines the level of LH.

Electronic tests

The electronic digital ovulation test is intended for multiple use. The appearance of such a product is vaguely reminiscent of a classic lipstick case. You can buy the product at a pharmacy. Ask your doctor for advice.

test strips

The ovulatory test in the form of strips is made of paper and has a control mark. It is not difficult to determine ovulation at home using this method.

• Immerse the test strip to the correct mark in a clean container where urine was collected.
• Wait a certain period of time indicated in the instructions.
• Rate the result.

It is worth highlighting portable systems that operate on a reusable principle. Such tests consist of strips designed to be immersed in urine and an electronic "controller". Experts identify this method as one of the best for determining ovulation.

Inkjet tests

You can calculate ovulation for conception using inkjet tests. This method of calculating hormone levels does not require urine collection. Use a special strip with a reagent during urination, substituting the test under the stream. You can usually evaluate the results in a few minutes. Before use, be sure to read the instructions that come with the product.

Experts advise a few hours before the test to reduce the amount of fluid consumed to make the urine more concentrated.

The test may give a negative result if:

• the release of a mature egg from the follicle does not occur at the moment (it is important to note that the level of LH begins to fall already a day after ovulation);
• you bought an expired, damaged product or cheap non-certified products.

During the ovulatory period, the test is carried out for 4-5 days. The timing of determining the release of an egg will depend on the length of the menstrual cycle of a particular woman. Perform testing 2 times a day, in the evening and morning, so as not to miss an important moment.

If you know how to determine ovulation and have identified favorable days for fertilization (the test showed clear two stripes), then you can start conception right away. But it is best if conception is planned before ovulation.

There are several ways to calculate the time of ovulation for conception. According to many experts, ultrasound monitoring is the most informative. Diagnostics of this type allows not only to control the formation and development of the follicle, but also to monitor malfunctions in the woman's reproductive system. Ultrasound will determine the condition of the uterus, appendages and ovaries, detect cysts and other types of formations, help assess changes in the endometrium, the appearance of a corpus luteum, etc. A doctor will help to set the approximate start, peak or end of ovulation using ultrasound monitoring.

It is important to know that the above diagnostic method has its limitations. With the help of mechanical high-frequency vibrations, it will not be possible to determine the patency of the fallopian tubes and the presence of adhesions. In this case, hysterosalpingography is used to determine patency.

How to calculate ovulation for conception by basal temperature

Not many girls know that you can determine the ovulatory period at home by measuring body temperature in the rectum. The variability of such indicators in a healthy person appears due to progesterone.

Basal temperature is determined in the morning (immediately after waking up). It is advisable to carry out the procedure daily at the same time for 3-5 menstrual cycles. It is important to enter all research results into a special calendar, which then needs to be shown to the doctor. You also need to know that you should carefully measure the temperature for several minutes with a mercury medical thermometer.

Doctors note that thanks to the basal temperature, it is possible to divide the cycle into 2 phases - before and after ovulation. In the first period, for about 10-14 days from the onset of menstruation, the temperature most often ranges from 36.2 to 36.8 degrees. A sharp increase in indicators (over 37 ° C) in a healthy person may indicate a rupture of the follicle and the release of a reproductive cell. This increased body temperature in the rectum, as a rule, lasts until the end of the cycle.

This type of diagnosis is not effective and cannot predict the peak of the process or, for example, determine the days after ovulation. It is impossible to use testing by measuring basal temperature to detect violations in the reproductive system. Based on the results, it is forbidden to independently purchase medicines. Any self-medication can harm health.

The nature of the cervical (cervical) mucus

During ovulation, under the influence of estrogens, changes occur in the mucous membrane of the cervix. The discharge becomes transparent, viscous and may visually resemble the protein of a fresh chicken egg.

But it’s impossible to accurately talk about ovulation by the nature of cervical mucus. Indeed, on this basis, only fluctuations in the level of estrogen hormones can be determined, and they, in turn, can be observed during ovulation, and during pregnancy, and even during menstruation.

Numerous factors can affect ovulation, including neoplasms of the ovaries and appendages, diseases of the female reproductive system, endocrine problems, hormonal imbalance, etc.

The main violations of ovulation and the regularity of the cycle

The ovulation cycle can go astray after an abortion or childbirth. With artificial termination of pregnancy, the recovery period, as a rule, takes 2-4 months. Also, the day of ovulation will be difficult to predict after delivery (the cycle is restored within one year).

Physical exercise

Due to prolonged and significant physical exertion, against the background of a strong systematic fatigue of the body, disruptions in the menstrual cycle and ovulation disorders are possible.

Extra pounds can cause infertility. Overweight women accumulate body fat, hormonal failure appears. Such violations, in turn, can delay or even stop the process of ovulation in the female body. The same applies to drastic weight loss. Rapid weight loss often disrupts the monthly ovulatory cycle. As a result, menstruation may be completely absent.

endocrine factors

Benign and malignant neoplasms, circulatory disorders, taking certain drugs - all this can affect the pituitary gland and provoke hormonal failure. One of the most common diseases of the gland is prolactinoma, which causes hyperprolactinemia. Elevated levels of prolactin in the blood most often cause infertility and ovulation disorders.

Diseases of the thyroid gland can also provoke a failure of the reproductive functions of a woman. Both hypothyroidism (lack of hormones) and hyperthyroidism (hormone excess) disrupt ovulatory processes.

Unruptured follicle

Unruptured follicle syndrome is one of the most common causes of infertility in women. With this pathology, the egg does not enter the fallopian tube. The follicle develops but does not push out the reproductive cell for further fertilization. Subsequently, it turns into a corpus luteum or a benign formation (cyst). Pregnancy does not occur after such ovulation.

There is no consensus explaining the causes of the appearance of unruptured follicle syndrome. But doctors do not rule out hormonal disorders and chronic ovarian diseases.

luteal phase deficiency

The menstrual cycle can be divided into two distinct periods:

• the follicular phase begins on the first day of menstruation and ends at the time of ovulation;
• The luteal phase begins the day after ovulation and ends on the last day of the cycle (before menstruation).

Luteal phase deficiency is a malfunction of the temporary endocrine gland (corpus luteum), which appears at the site of the follicle. Symptoms of the problem may include:

• delays in the menstrual cycle;
• copious or scanty discharge during menstruation;
• infertility, miscarriage, etc.

Luteal phase deficiency can develop due to hormonal imbalance, diseases of the reproductive system, medical abortion, starvation and other reasons.

Which doctor should I contact for ovulation disorders?

Diagnosis and treatment of problems associated with ovulation is important under the strict supervision of a specialist. Any self-treatment is fraught with negative consequences, which, most likely, will be difficult to eliminate without a trace later.

If pregnancy does not occur after ovulation, you feel alarming symptoms, or your menstrual cycle is constantly going astray, then you should seek help from a gynecologist as soon as possible. If your problems are related to hormonal disorders, then it would be advisable to visit a gynecologist-endocrinologist. Such a specialist has a primary specialization in gynecology and obstetrics, and is also competent in matters of the endocrine system.

Timely and high-quality stimulation of ovulation can show positive results. Such a procedure is not carried out by everyone. Methods have their own contraindications and risks that are important to consider.

Use of ovulation induction

Today, ovulation induction is a complex system of actions aimed at stimulating the receptors of the glands of the genital system. The procedure is carried out to create optimal conditions in the girl's body for the rupture of the follicle and the release of the egg.

Hypothalamic-pituitary dysfunction

Often, due to significant physical exertion, stress, and other reasons, the pituitary gland cannot produce enough luteinizing and follicle-stimulating hormones. Hypothalamic-pituitary dysfunction appears, which can be eliminated thanks to carefully selected drug treatment.

Gonadotropins are hormones that regulate the reproductive function of the body, which are produced by the pituitary gland. If the gland does not produce a sufficient amount of luteinizing and follicle-stimulating hormones, then gonadotropins are administered medically, intramuscularly or subcutaneously. There are two types of such medicines.

• The Humegon brand in the US and several other companies produce a hormonal drug with equal amounts of luteinizing and follicle-stimulating hormones.
• Gonal F or Follistim offer a drug containing follicle stimulating hormone. The product was created thanks to innovative technologies and genetic engineering. Shows good results.

Treatment of ovulation problems with gonadotropins is prescribed by a doctor and requires strict medical supervision. Therapy lasts for 10 days and begins on the 3rd day of the onset of the menstrual cycle. Throughout the treatment, ultrasound diagnostics are performed daily to monitor the growth of the follicle. After the structural component of the ovaries has matured, hCG is administered, after which the ovulatory period begins. The method involves the full maturation of 1-3 eggs, so doctors do not exclude multiple pregnancy.

There is another method of induction (stimulation of ovulation). It is carried out with the help of a hormone (gonadotropin-releasing type). The substance acts on the pituitary gland.

polycystic ovary syndrome

Polycystic ovaries is a polyendocrine syndrome, which is characterized by disturbances in the work of the reproductive system of a woman. For multiple reasons, a large number of cysts of different sizes are formed. Ovarian function is impaired. Symptoms of ovulation may be absent, often there is an increase in the level of estrogens and androgens in the blood.

To stimulate ovulation, women with polycystic ovaries are sometimes prescribed clomiphene citrate. Begin treatment on the third day from the beginning of the menstrual cycle. The course of therapy can take from 5 to 7 days.

It is important to treat polycystic ovary syndrome only under the supervision of a specialist. The problem requires careful diagnosis and complex therapy with effective drugs. Any self-medication can aggravate the situation and provoke the occurrence of adverse reactions, including allergies.

Endocrine disorders

Hypothyroidism (lack of thyroid hormones) can cause reproductive problems. Comprehensive and timely treatment of the thyroid gland can restore secretion and eliminate ovulatory dysfunction.

An endocrinologist can prescribe treatment. After a full diagnosis, based on the results of laboratory tests, the doctor will select the optimally safe therapy. Any self-medication is fraught with negative consequences. Experimenting with your health is dangerous, so you should seek help from a doctor.

in vitro fertilization

IVF is one of the best methods of modern infertility treatment. A mature egg is removed from the female body and fertilized in vitro. With such manipulations, ovulation is most often stimulated with the help of hormonal medications.

Success of ovulation induction

According to statistics, with hypothalamic-pituitary dysfunction, ovulation stimulation is successful in 80-90% of all cases (after 6 cycles of therapy). In women with polycystic ovaries, these figures are slightly reduced.

As far as artificial insemination (IVF) is concerned, success may depend on numerous factors, including sperm activity.

Side effects of ovulation induction

The main side effect of ovulation induction is multiple pregnancy. 15-30% of girls who took gonadotropins get twins. It is important for women with multiple fetuses to be aware of the risks of preterm birth.

Stimulation of ovulation with clomiphene or gonadotropins can provoke the appearance of unpleasant symptoms: headaches, etc.

Among the side effects of ovulation induction, it is worth highlighting ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome. A dangerous violation is rare, but doctors believe that it is better to prevent the syndrome than to treat it later. Symptoms of the problem can be: vomiting and nausea, as well as difficulty breathing. Due to potential risks, doctors practice careful monitoring of the woman's condition (ultrasound and blood tests) during stimulation of the ovulatory process.

In modern gynecology, the beginning of pregnancy is considered to be the first day of the last menstruation. If you are planning to have offspring, it is important to visit your gynecologist as soon as possible. Pregnancy after ovulation can occur naturally or through medical intervention. In any case, without consulting a specialist is indispensable.

First day after ovulation

Normally, every month, eggs begin to develop inside the ovaries of a woman. One of the cells completes its maturation and leaves the "capsule" (follicle) in which it was located. The egg enters the fallopian tube, where it remains to wait for the sperm to be fertilized.

It is almost impossible to answer unambiguously how many days ovulation can last, but the reproductive cell lives after leaving the follicle for about 22-26 hours. If the egg is not fertilized during this time, then it degenerates.

Conception and gender of the child

Once inside the egg, the sperm activates the defense system. Changes occur in the protein coat of the reproductive cell, which prevents subsequent penetration of other spermatozoa. It is in the first few days after ovulation and successful fertilization that the genetic information about the embryo is laid, the sex of the unborn child is formed.

A woman has only type X chromosomes. A man has one Y, and the second X. If the egg is fertilized by sperm X, then a girl will be born, and if Y, then there will be a boy.

ovulation after childbirth

Doctors strongly recommend not to plan a pregnancy immediately after delivery. It is important to maintain at least an annual interval in order to give rest to all body systems. Postpartum conception can increase the risk of complications, especially if previous births were difficult.

The menstrual cycle is restored after childbirth within a year, although in many respects the terms depend on the individual characteristics of the woman's body. Affects the recovery period and lactation, in which the hormone prolactin suppresses hormones produced by the ovaries. That is why the symptoms of ovulation most often do not occur.

It is important to know that pregnancy after ovulation can occur without the restoration of the menstrual cycle. The thing is that after childbirth, the first ovulatory period occurs approximately 14 days before menstrual bleeding. Therefore, it is imperative to protect yourself and systematically visit a gynecologist. Remember that prevention is always better than the disease itself.

The main purpose of every woman in life is to become a mother and give birth to a healthy baby. But sometimes it is quite difficult to implement due to existing health problems. One of the reasons is insufficient levels of the hormone progesterone in the blood. In addition, progesterone can cause many other problems related to the well-being and appearance of a woman. What is this hormone and what are the consequences of its lack in the body?

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Hormone functions

The term "progesterone" comes from the Latin words "pro" and "gestatio", the meaning of which is "pregnancy". Progesterone is a hormone of the corpus luteum of the ovaries and is produced in the second half of the menstrual cycle by the ovaries and adrenal cortex. After pregnancy, the hormone is produced by the placenta in large quantities.

This is one of the most important hormones on which conception, preservation of pregnancy, childbearing, as well as the awakening of the maternal instinct in a woman depends, since it is progesterone that contributes to the psychological preparation of the mother for the birth and upbringing of the baby. Also, the preparation of the mammary glands for the production of milk at the birth of a baby depends on this hormone.

The female hormone has a number of important properties necessary for the normal course of pregnancy:

• With the help of progesterone, the fertilized egg is attached to the wall of the uterus. At a very low level of the hormone, the body rejects the fetal egg.
• The hormone contributes to the cessation of uterine contractions, which is of great importance for the prevention of premature pregnancy.
• Thanks to progesterone, menstruation stops during pregnancy, as it blocks the rejection of the uterine epithelium.
• The female hormone promotes the growth of the uterus during the period of bearing a child.
• Progesterone suppresses the mother's immune system, due to which the pregnancy is preserved, because the fetus is half foreign to the woman's body.

Based on the great importance of progesterone when planning a baby, during pregnancy, as well as in case of problems with conception, it is necessary to regularly take a blood test to determine the level of progesterone.

Metabolism in the human body with the maximum extraction of useful substances from products, the formation of a woman's body also takes place with the participation of the female hormone. Progesterone also breaks down proteins and caffeine.

It is responsible for mental balance and stability of the nervous system. That is why the symptoms of low progesterone in women sometimes become a real test for the people around her. Unpredictable behavior of a woman, changeability or complete lack of mood, irritability, insomnia - these are just a small list of unpleasant sensations that can be caused by progesterone deficiency.

Other equally important functions of progesterone are to prevent the formation of fibrous ovarian cysts, normalize sugar levels, blood viscosity, and transform adipose tissue into energy.



Causes of progesterone deficiency

As a result of numerous studies, scientists have identified the causes of the lack of progesterone. In a healthy woman, progesterone deficiency can be reduced due to the influence of the following factors:

• rigid diet;
• high level of anxiety, chronic nervous tension and stress;
• heredity;
• impaired function of the placenta;
• complications of abortion in the form of hormonal disorders;
• pathological processes of other internal organs;
• oxidative processes occurring in the uterine cavity;
• disruption of the menstrual cycle;
• inflammatory processes of the reproductive system;
• uterine bleeding;
• the use of drugs for a long period;
• malignant neoplasms;
• instability of the emotional background;
• intense physical activity;
• bad habits such;
• polluted ecology;
• malnutrition, lack of sleep.



All these reasons can provoke a lack of progesterone in women.



Necessary diagnostics

To accurately determine the causes of low progesterone, it is necessary to examine:

• follicle maturation phases;
• the thyroid gland, since its insufficiency is always accompanied by a decrease in progesterone;
• tumors and pathologies of the anterior lobes of the pituitary gland;
• reaction to progesterone of the villi of the endometrium of the uterus;
• what kind of life a woman leads.

When testing blood for progesterone, you must adhere to some recommendations:

• the examination must be carried out on an empty stomach;
• 7 hours before the test, it is not advisable to eat food on the 22-23rd day of the menstrual cycle;
• the study is conducted in a calm psycho-emotional environment;
• a few days before the examination, avoid conflicts and stress.





Signs of deficiency

Progesterone deficiency can have the following symptoms, when they appear, you need to seek qualified help from a doctor endocrinologist or gynecologist:

• infertility;
• repeated miscarriages;
• disruption of the menstrual cycle;
• weight gain before menstruation;
• intense menstruation;
• acne;
• irritability, unstable emotional background;
• sudden change of mood;
• difficulty in emptying the bowels;
• a feeling of dryness of the mucous membranes of the genital organs;
• increased sweating, hot flashes;
• enlarged mammary glands;
• spotting spotting;
• swelling and heaviness in the lower extremities;
• headache;
• feeling of coldness in the area of ​​the hands and feet;
• severe hair loss;
• discharge with an unpleasant odor;
• stretch marks on the skin;
• insomnia;
• pallor and dryness of the skin.

It should be borne in mind that the symptoms of a lack of progesterone in women can provoke the appearance of ovarian cysts, uterine fibroids and polyps. Signs of hormone deficiency in these diseases are characterized by intense menstruation, uterine bleeding, severe pain in the lower abdomen, painful sensations of the mammary glands.



A lack of progesterone during pregnancy can provoke the following problems and symptoms:

• malfunctions of the placenta or corpus luteum;
• complications of abortion or miscarriage in the form of hormonal disruptions;
• delayed pregnancy;
• anovulation;
• chronic diseases of the reproductive system;
• bleeding from the uterus;
• kidney pathology.

Ways to increase the level of a substance

The lack of progesterone in women is completely curable. To do this, you can use both medications and some folk methods of treatment.



All drugs to increase the level of progesterone are prescribed only by the attending physician. Self-regulating the work of the endocrine system is dangerous to health. Before this, it is necessary to conduct a complete comprehensive diagnostic examination, and only then are medications prescribed, if there is a reason for that.

The following drugs are used as treatment: natural progesterone in the form of an oily solution in ampoules, Utrozhestan, Duphaston, Crinon vaginal gel, Injesta, Endometrin.

It should be borne in mind that all of the above drugs radically change the hormonal background of a woman, therefore they are prescribed only by a doctor who will individually select the dose of drugs, as well as the duration of the course of treatment.

But every woman can independently increase the level of the female hormone progesterone in her body with the help of proper nutrition and lifestyle.



The work of the reproductive organs of a woman directly depends on the influence of the nervous situation at home and at work, stress, severe overwork. The state of the endocrine system also matters.

To improve well-being, as well as normalize the level of progesterone in the blood, you can daily perform intimate gymnastics according to the Kegel method, do yoga, dance, meditate, and take walks in the fresh air. But if the immediate plans of a woman include the birth of a child, then it is worth abandoning significant physical exertion.



The following factors also have a positive effect on the level of progesterone in the blood:

• full rest and healthy sleep lasting at least 8 hours;
• rational daily routine;
• reduction in anxiety levels, visits to a psychologist;
• consultation with a specialist about protection;
• a balanced and rational diet, including sufficient consumption of legumes, nuts, dairy products, lean meat, white turkey meat, rabbit meat, veal. It is also important to consume fatty fish (salmon, tuna, mackerel), fish oil. Egg yolks, olives, avocados, raspberries will be useful. The diet should have a balanced ratio of proteins, fats and carbohydrates;
• vitamin therapy, especially vitamin B;
• you can use the fruits of the prutnyak. To do this, you need to finely grind 2 tbsp. Prutnyak and pour 2 cups boiling water. Infuse for several hours. The infusion is consumed in small portions 2-3 times a day. Reception of funds begins on the 15th day of the menstrual cycle.

Proper qualified treatment and your desire will help solve the problem with low progesterone levels. The main thing is to take responsibility for your health and cherish it. And at the first doubt, you should immediately seek advice from a gynecologist or endocrinologist, but in no case self-medicate.

Every month, a tiny follicle vesicle matures in a woman's ovary, which contains an egg. The pituitary gland, which is located in the brain, produces FSH (follicle-stimulating hormone), which stimulates the growth of follicles in the ovary. During each cycle, 20 or more eggs begin the process of maturation, but in the second week from the onset of menstruation, a leader can already be distinguished among them - the dominant follicle, which contains a mature egg. Its walls produce female hormones - estrogens, due to which the follicle increases, and the inner layer of the uterus (endometrium) is restored after menstruation. The process of releasing an egg from the follicle is called ovulation. In order for the follicle to rupture, LH (luteinizing hormone) is actively produced in the pituitary gland. It also contributes to the formation of a new gland in place of the burst follicle - the corpus luteum. It produces the hormone of pregnancy - progesterone, which causes an increase in blood circulation in the endometrium, preparing it for the attachment (implantation) of a fertilized fetal egg. After leaving the ovary, the egg is captured by the fallopian tube and, thanks to its contractions, moves towards the uterus. The ovum retains its ability to fertilize for an average of 24 hours. If unprotected intercourse occurs at this moment, then 3-8 hours after it, the sperm cell will meet with the egg in the fallopian tube, they will merge, their nuclei will unite to form a zygote - a single-celled embryo. The most favorable moment for conception is when ovulation is about to occur, because the cervical mucosa becomes extremely sensitive, and spermatozoa have enough time to enter the fallopian tubes, where they wait for the moment of ovulation.

When to expect ovulation?

Most often, women do not have problems with ovulation, in which the menstrual cycle has a constant interval and a duration of 21 to 35 days. In such cases, the approximate day of ovulation can be calculated on the calendar, counting 14 days ago from the onset of menstruation. So, if the cycle is 35 days, then ovulation most likely occurs on the 21st day (35 - 14 = 21) of the cycle. And if 25 days, then on the 11th day (25 - 14 = 11). Thus, it becomes clear that ovulation does not always occur in the middle of the menstrual cycle, as many women think.

Signs of ovulation

The changes associated with the development of the egg and ovulation affect not only the reproductive system, but also many internal organs, since their meaning is to prepare the whole organism for pregnancy. What can tell about the onset of ovulation? Its signs may be:

Mucus secretions. One of the signs of ovulation is an increase in mucous secretions. They become a little cloudy, viscous, sometimes like egg white, usually depart within 3-4 days.

Mild ovarian discomfort, however, in the presence of an adhesive process or with polycystic ovaries, a woman may feel quite severe pain in the lower abdomen on the side where ovulation occurred.

Small spotting spotting from the vagina in the middle of the cycle, which stop within a day. They are associated with minor bleeding from the ovary when the follicle ruptures.

Increased sex drive. Sexual desires are more acute, there is increased excitability in the period close to ovulation.

Tension in the mammary glands can occur before ovulation, but more often after it, which is associated with the action of the hormone of the second phase of the cycle (progesterone).

Basal temperature

At home, you can determine when ovulation will occur by measuring the basal temperature (temperature in the rectum) and analyzing its changes according to the schedule. This simple method is still widely used to study the characteristics of the menstrual cycle. But it requires strict adherence to the rules of measurement, which must be carried out in the morning, without getting out of bed, at the same time, with the same thermometer in the rectum. It is necessary that the moment of measurement was preceded by several hours of sleep. The level of basal temperature, in addition to ovarian function, is influenced by many different factors: inflammatory, infectious diseases, alcohol and certain medications, physical activity, sexual intercourse on the eve of the measurement. It does not make sense to measure basal temperature for women using hormonal contraception. The data obtained during the measurements are entered into a graph - the days of the cycle are indicated on the horizontal axis, and the temperature is marked on the vertical.

In a normal situation, in the first half of the cycle, it is below 37 ° C, the day before the onset of ovulation it decreases slightly, and then sharply increases to 37.2–37.4 ° C. This is the moment of ovulation. After ovulation, the normal temperature is maintained for 10-14 days and falls on the eve of menstruation. If pregnancy occurs, there is no decrease.

It happens that according to the schedule there is a jump in temperature, but ovulation does not occur. In this case, pay attention to the duration of the rise in temperature. If the rise is noted in less than 10 days, this indicates a small amount of progesterone, which may also be the result of a violation of ovulation. However, as the observation showed, in approximately 5% of women, even with full observance of all the measurement rules, this method is unreliable: the absence of ovulation according to the schedule was accompanied by the onset of pregnancy.

Ovulation test

At home, you can also determine ovulation with the help of special tests. They are similar to pregnancy tests and are based on determining the peak of luteinizing hormone (LH) that precedes ovulation. Recall that this hormone reaches its maximum levels immediately before the release of the egg from the follicle. The level of the hormone increases both in the blood and in the urine, which is fixed by the test indicator 12-24 hours before ovulation. If you have a regular cycle (always the same length), then you need to start doing tests about 17 days before the next period, since it usually takes 12-16 days from the moment of ovulation to the next period. For example, if your cycle length is 28 days, then testing should start from the 11th day, and if 35, then from the 18th. If your cycle length is variable, then select the shortest cycle in the last 6 months to calculate the test start day.

Ovulation tests can be done at any time of the day, it is best to do them at the same time whenever possible. Before this, it is advisable to refrain from urinating for at least 4 hours and avoid excessive fluid intake before testing, as this can lead to a decrease in the concentration of the hormone in the urine and reduce the reliability of the result. Night urine is also not the best choice for testing, with a long delay in urination, the hormone breaks down.

As with the pregnancy test, the results are evaluated against a control line after 10 minutes. The control line always appears if the test was performed correctly. If the result line is significantly paler than the control line, then the LH surge has not yet occurred, and testing should be continued daily. If the result line is the same or darker than the control line, then the release of the hormone has already occurred, and within 24-36 hours you will ovulate. There is no need to continue testing, the next 2 days are most favorable for conception.

Unfortunately, such tests do not show ovulation itself, but a change in the level of luteinizing hormone (LH). A significant rise in LH is characteristic of ovulation, however, an increase in its level can also occur in other situations - with hormonal dysfunction, ovarian failure syndrome, renal failure, etc. In addition, false positive results are possible under the influence of other hormones, in particular, in the presence of the pregnancy hormone hCG. Therefore, tests often have to be combined with other methods for determining ovulation, for example, using basal temperature or ultrasound monitoring.

Determination of ovulation by ultrasound

Ultrasound diagnostics is the most reliable method for determining ovulation. Ultrasound for ovulation is performed several times per cycle (with a stable cycle, 2-3 times is enough, with an irregular cycle it can be more often).

The first time the study is performed 3-4 days before the expected ovulation. This reveals the presence of a dominant (larger than the rest) follicle. Depending on the size of the follicle, the probable date of ovulation is determined. It usually occurs when the follicle reaches 18-24 mm, and it grows at a rate of 2 mm per day.

To make sure that ovulation has occurred, the next ovulation ultrasound is scheduled a few days after the probable date of release of the egg from the follicle.

Hormonal studies

If it is necessary to clarify the diagnosis, the doctor may prescribe tests for hormones, combining them with ultrasound and monitoring of basal temperature. They are also carried out in dynamics. On the 3-4th day from the onset of menstruation, the baseline level of pituitary hormones (FSH, LH) is determined. The analysis should be carried out on an empty stomach until 12 noon. 28-36 hours before ovulation, the rise in LH levels is examined, and a week after it, progesterone is determined as an indicator of corpus luteum function. Additional hormonal tests may also be prescribed if other disorders are diagnosed in parallel. So, the cause of ovulation disorders can be changes in the content of hormones such as prolactin, thyroid-stimulating hormone, thyroid hormones, testosterone, etc.

Crystallization method

This method is based on the fact that the condition of the vaginal mucus and saliva changes with the increase in estrogen levels that precedes ovulation. These biological fluids become more viscous; when dried on glass, they crystallize, forming a specific fern pattern. To use this method at home, you can purchase a special microscope at the pharmacy, which is accompanied by schematic drawings corresponding to the day of the cycle.

For diagnostics in the morning, before eating and brushing your teeth, a drop of saliva is applied to the glass. The glass is left to dry (about 15–20 minutes), after which it is looked at through a microscope. If there is no clear pattern on the glass, only random dots, then there is no ovulation. With approaching ovulation, fragments of the fern pattern are formed, which becomes as clear as possible the day before ovulation. After ovulation, the pattern falls apart again. Inflammatory processes in the oral cavity, smoking, eating or drinking can lead to a distortion of the result.

If there is no ovulation

If during the tests ovulation is not detected, then you should not be upset. Her absence in one cycle does not mean anything, every fourth cycle in a healthy woman passes without the release of an egg. Such a cycle is called anovulatory. But if ovulation is not detected for several months, then this already requires a visit to a doctor and an examination, since ovulation dysfunction is about 30-40% of all causes of female infertility.

A sharp decrease in body weight by 5–10% per month, as well as a weight of less than 45 kg with an average height, leads to the absence of ovulation. Researchers have found that body fat can produce and store estrogen, the hormone that prepares the body for pregnancy. But not only the low content of this hormone is bad, but also the high one. Excess body weight also blocks ovulation.

Physiological causes of anovulation

Often, the absence of ovulation is not evidence of any disease, but only a reflection of physiological processes. It is easy to guess that normally there are no ovulations in pregnant women, as well as in nursing mothers in the first months after childbirth, if the feeding of the child is exclusively breastfeeding and regular, including at night, in women taking oral contraceptives (as well as in the first 2– 3 months after their cancellation). The complete absence of ovulation is observed in women during menopause, and nothing can be done about it. The number of ovulations per year begins to decrease at about 30 years of age (someone earlier, some later). In very young girls, anovulatory cycles are observed 1-2 times a year, in older women this happens much more often.

Diseases leading to anovulation

Considering that many hormonally active human tissues and organs take part in the process of ovulation, disturbances in this process can be caused by diseases of many organs.

First of all, of course, these are ovarian diseases: polycystic, premature exhaustion, endometriosis, inflammatory diseases, genetic abnormalities.

The second most common cause of anovulation is the pathology of the pituitary gland, as the organ that controls the ovaries, hyperprolactinemia (high prolactin levels due to a tumor or benign enlargement of the pituitary gland).

The work of the ovary is also influenced by the thyroid gland and adrenal glands. Accordingly, any disease accompanied by dysfunction of these organs can also lead to anovulation. The most common cause of reduced thyroid function in iodine-deficient areas is iodine deficiency. Therefore, during the planning period, doctors in these regions recommend that women use iodized salt and additionally take potassium iodide.

Fortunately, modern medicine has a sufficient arsenal of tools to diagnose the causes of anovulation and to correct them. Therefore, every couple with such problems can be helped. The main thing is not to delay contacting specialists.

Planning a child involves determining favorable days for conception, the probability of fertilization in which increases significantly. The best time to conceive is the day you ovulate. However, some cycles do not ovulate. Frequent failures indicate hormonal disorders and can become a serious obstacle to conceiving a child. Let's try to figure out how the female body works and which hormone is responsible for ovulation.

Mechanism of ovulation

Fertilization is not possible without an egg. The release of a mature egg into the fallopian tube is called ovulation. If at this moment the cell meets the sperm, then fertilization occurs. However, an egg is not formed every time. Some cycles go "idle". Moreover, this does not always indicate pathologies. At each stage of the cycle, the hormonal background changes, one or another hormone responsible for a specific function may decrease or increase, depending on the phase of the cycle.

The process of egg maturation depends entirely on the activity of the brain, or rather on the hypothalamus. It is he who controls the work of the hormonal system, giving a signal to increase the production of one hormone and reduce the level of another. There are quite a few hormones that regulate the functioning of the female reproductive system. In order for ovulation to occur, the participation of at least five of them will be required:

• FSH is otherwise follicle stimulating hormone. Necessary for the production of another steroid compound - estrogen. Follicle-stimulating hormone is responsible for the process of egg formation;
• LH is otherwise known as luteinizing hormone. It is necessary at the final stage of egg maturation, it forces the onset of ovulation;
• prolactin - it is he who is responsible for the fact that some cycles pass without ovulation. With a low level of prolactin, the maturation of the egg does not occur, and with a high level of prolactin, the growth of FSH is suppressed, which also prevents the formation of the egg and its release;
• Estradiol is a type of estrogen. The highest concentration of estradiol is observed immediately before ovulation. Estradiol prepares the female body for the intended conception. Thanks to him, the uterus loosens up, which allows the fertilized egg to gain a foothold;
• progesterone - it is by its level that you can determine whether ovulation has occurred or not. Responsible for the maturation of the corpus luteum, necessary for conception and subsequent pregnancy.

For conception, estriol is also needed, which is one of the steroid hormones that are part of the estrogen group. However, this steroid compound is not directly related to ovulation. Its task is to help the uterus during pregnancy.

Ovulation, or rather its absence, can be influenced by hormones such as testosterone and dehydroepianrosterone. These are substances that are produced in large quantities by the male body. Exceeding the allowable level of these hormones in a woman can lead to the absence of ovulation or miscarriage if it occurs.

In one of the follicles produced by the ovaries, the maturation of the egg occurs. FSH is responsible for this process. Its level rises in the initial phase. With the simultaneous growth of the follicle, the level of estrogen begins to rise. Estrogens, in turn, stimulate the production of LH. It is the growth of this hormone that allows women to track the maturation of the egg. Those women who regularly measure basal temperature know that a few tenths increase indicates upcoming ovulation. It is the luteinizing hormone that leads to a slight jump in temperature. As a rule, the level of LH rises 48 hours before the expected ovulation. This period is considered the most successful for conception.

After the rupture of the follicle, which occurs at the highest level of LH, the egg begins its movement through the fallopian tube, slowly moving directly to the uterus. If within a day after the rupture of the follicle, fertilization does not occur, then cell death occurs and it is rejected.

Failure of the hypothalamus can lead to early or late ovulation, and sometimes to its absence. The delay or early maturation of the egg can have serious deviations in time from the norm. For example, with a 28-day cycle, the egg may not mature on day 14, but on day 8 or 17. Those women who use the calendar method for calculating ovulation may make mistakes when planning conception. But those women who constantly keep a schedule of basal temperature will be able to track changes in the period of egg formation.

How to influence hormone levels

Women can control their hormone levels through tests. With the normal functioning of the ovaries in the first phase of the cycle, there will be an increase in the level of estradiol, in the second phase - progesterone. Disturbances in the hormonal sphere can cause a lack of pregnancy due to the impossibility of the natural maturation of the egg.

Medicine offers its own methods for solving the problem, as a rule, we are talking about hormonal drugs that regulate the activity of the ovaries. In particular, with a low level of progesterone, Duphaston or Utrogestan are prescribed, which help normalize hormonal levels and increase the chances of conception. With a high level of estrogen, women are recommended to take a decoction of the boron uterus, which acts gently and does not have side effects. Sage decoction will help increase progesterone and reduce estradiol. However, this remedy should not be used during pregnancy, as it can provoke a miscarriage.

Self-medication in the absence of pregnancy is strictly prohibited. Even if you know for sure that the problem is caused by hormonal imbalances, you cannot say for sure which hormone is not working properly.

Before starting treatment, it is recommended to view the level of hormones in dynamics. To do this, it is necessary to take tests for hormones within 2-3 cycles. Only by determining the exact cause of the lack of ovulation, hormone therapy can be carried out, otherwise the harm from the treatment may be higher than the expected therapeutic effect.

Since the production of hormones is regulated by the hypothalamus, hormonal disorders can indicate dysfunction of the brain. Often, problems with ovulation occur against the background of stress, strong emotions and mental stress. If the cause lies in a nervous strain, you should pay attention to your psycho-emotional state, start taking sedatives, if necessary. One of the reasons for the lack of ovulation, doctors call the fear of pregnancy and childbirth, or a strong desire to get pregnant, which is accompanied by a fear of infertility. Such conditions can adversely affect the work of the hypothalamus, which leads to a failure in the production of hormones. The hypothalamus gives the wrong signals to the body, forcing the premature production of a particular hormone or suppressing the production of a hormone necessary for the formation of an egg at a particular phase of the cycle.