What is oral stomatitis. How to treat stomatitis in adults at home. Antiviral drugs in tablets

Stomatitis is a disease of the oral cavity, which is an inflammatory process that is localized on the tongue, gums, and the inner surface of the cheeks. A manifestation of stomatitis are small sores. The disease wears infectious nature and requires treatment.

Treatment of stomatitis in adults lasts 4-14 days, depending on the type and extent of the disease. The healing of sores, as a rule, takes place calmly, and practically no traces remain at the site of the wounds. People who have had stomatitis at least once in their lives are at risk of re-infection. The frequency of occurrence of the disease is very variable.

Some patients suffer from this disease 3-4 times a year (typical case), in others - after sores that have not yet fully healed, new ones immediately appear, which allows positioning stomatitis as chronic illness.

What it is?

Stomatitis is a disease of the oral cavity, inflammation of the mucous membrane on the inner surface of the cheeks, gums, tongue. The disease is accompanied by the formation of wounds-ulcers. The disease is infectious, so the symptoms of inflammation do not go away on their own. Treatment is needed.

The mechanism of development of stomatitis and the causes of occurrence

The mechanism of occurrence of stomatitis has not yet been fully identified, but most likely this is due to the reaction of the immune system to stimuli. It is believed that stomatitis occurs when, for unknown reasons, the human immune system reacts to the appearance of molecules that it cannot recognize.

The appearance of such molecules provokes an attack of lymphocytes of the immune system (a kind of white blood cells), - approximately the same way the human immune system reacts, for example, to an organ transplant. The "attack" of lymphocytes on these unidentified molecules leads to the appearance in the mouth ulcer formations, which received the name "stomatitis".

The cause of its occurrence is also considered local factors: non-compliance with oral hygiene. Diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, such as, as well as, can be the cause of catarrhal stomatitis. With this disease, the mucous membrane of the mouth becomes edematous, painful, hyperemic, it can be covered with a white or yellow coating. There is hypersalivation ( increased secretion saliva). Bleeding gums may be noted, bad breath may appear.

Stomatitis itself is not contagious. With herpes, stomatitis can occur as a consequence, but this is already one of the options for a person's reaction to the virus. herpes simplex.

Classification

Mouth ulcers, causes and treatment are determined, first of all, depending on the causative agent of the disease. There is a certain classification of the disease, depending on which pathogen caused the white spots to appear. What stomatitis looks like in the mouth also depends to a certain extent on the pathogen.

Also, depending on concomitant diseases, emit syphilitic, streptococcal stomatitis.

Symptoms of stomatitis in adults

With any type of stomatitis, the symptoms are almost the same (see photo). In adults, the disease usually begins with a slight reddening. It may be single, it may be multiple. Then around the hearth, the area swells, becomes painful. The next day, an ulcer with smooth edges and a red halo around is formed in this place. If there are several sores located nearby, then they can merge with each other. The central area of ​​the sore is covered with a grayish or whitish coating.

The ulcer itself is very painful, but the patient is worried about increased salivation, bleeding gums and bad breath. The pain from stomatitis can be so severe that it interferes with chewing food. Ulcers usually appear with inside lips, cheeks, tonsils, soft palate. Sometimes they can appear on or under the tongue.

The disease passes for a period of 4 days to a month. There are no traces left behind.

What does stomatitis look like: photo

The photo below shows how the disease manifests itself in adults.

Allergic stomatitis

As the name implies, this type of stomatitis is caused by allergic reactions of the body. Provoke the development of the disease can: fillings, dentures, contact and food allergens, antibiotics.

Clinical manifestations allergic stomatitis: swelling of the mucous membranes of the pharynx, soft palate, tongue, cheeks and lips, which interferes with the process of chewing and swallowing food, and also makes breathing difficult. The oral mucosa is irritated, hemorrhage and the presence of erosive areas are noted. The tongue is coated, enlarged in size. Salivation is weak.

If you are allergic to the prosthesis, there is a burning sensation at the site of the delivered structure. General symptoms: insomnia, irritability, fever to critical levels.

Aphthous stomatitis

- the symptoms primarily consist in the appearance on the oral mucosa of aphthae (erosions) of a round or oval shape, 5-10 mm in size. Usually only one aphtha is formed, less often two or three. Aphthae are surrounded by a bright red rim of inflamed mucosa, and they themselves are covered with a whitish-gray fibrinous coating. Aphthae, as a rule, are sharply painful when touched, and therefore it can be difficult to eat. Duration clinical manifestations– about 8-10 days.

Chronic course of the disease in adults with frequent relapses indicates the presence of diseases of the gastrointestinal tract or liver. Manifested by such symptoms: multiple lesions of the lips, cheeks, tongue; pain interfering with food intake; an increase in body temperature to 38. Treatment of stomatitis at home includes a set of measures associated with symptomatic signs, strengthening immunity.

Candidal stomatitis

The causative agent - Candida fungus - is always found in the human body on its mucous membranes. Its growth and reproduction is inhibited by lactic acid bacteria (bifido, lacto). Under certain conditions, the balance of microorganisms is disturbed, bifidobacteria die and Candida multiplies uncontrollably on the mucous membrane. Most common cause Candidiasis stomatitis (thrush in the mouth) is taking antibiotics.

In the initial stage of the disease, symptoms of precursors appear:

• dryness;
• burning sensation in the mouth;
• mucosal edema;
• redness of the mucous membrane;
• white or gray coating;
• thick white discharge;
• bad breath or bad breath;
• pain when chewing and talking.

White plaque in the mouth can lie on the mucous membranes completely or in spots. If the plaque is carefully removed (wiped with a cotton swab), then under it there will be a red inflamed oral mucosa.

Signs of herpetic stomatitis

The incubation period does not exceed 4 days. Most often, the first manifestation of the disease occurs in childhood, after which the disease periodically recurs and upon reaching adulthood. As a rule, the development of herpetic stomatitis is due to a decrease defensive forces body caused by a malfunction of the immune system, overwork, stress or other factors.

Characteristic formations in the form of fluid-filled bubbles form on the cheeks, palate and tongue. After bursting, singly located bubbles merge into painful erosions. In adulthood, the reaction of the body is rarely accompanied by symptoms of severe intoxication, but in some cases, muscle and headaches, fever are possible (especially if the initial symptoms are ignored).

Ulcerative stomatitis

Ulcerative stomatitis proceeds relatively easily. Signs of inflammation appear in the oral cavity: the mucous membrane turns red, becomes swollen, burning occurs in the gum area. After a few days of such manifestations, single ulcers appear on the inside of the cheeks, on the gums, on top of which there is a white-dirty coating. At the same time, patients complain of increased salivation, bad breath. Fever may appear. With ulcerative stomatitis, there is a sharp pain, which intensifies at the time of contact of the inflamed areas with food, teeth and tongue.

Ulcerative necrotic stomatitis of Vincent is manifested by extensive inflammation of the oral mucosa with a rapid increase in symptoms. In a few days, the tissues become covered with ulcers with uneven edges, on top of which there are dense films. grey-green. Around them are hyperemic tissues, and the ulcers themselves often spread to the tongue. Inflamed foci can merge, affect the deeper layers of the mucous membrane. If you try to remove the plaque, then a red bleeding surface will appear under it.

Traumatic stomatitis

It occurs as a result of a mechanical violation of the integrity of the mucosa due to careless prosthetics, in case of injury. The affected area becomes inflamed, swells, the vessels are full of blood. After a while, erosion appears, then a non-healing sore. In severe cases, the disease is complicated by a fungal infection.

How to treat stomatitis in adults?

The basis of the treatment of any form of stomatitis is pain relief and the removal of inflammation. First of all, irrigation of the oral cavity or applications of local anesthetics are used. It is especially important to clean the mouth of children before eating. To stimulate healing and combat microbial infection apply solutions of herbs (oak bark, Linden blossom, a decoction of chamomile, St. John's wort, calendula), a solution of furacillin or miramistin.

Catarrhal stomatitis caused by a banal violation of oral hygiene, with easy course can be treated at home on their own, and after a week a person forgets about his appearance. In this case, you should use antiseptic mouthwashes, follow a diet that excludes spicy, hard, too salty or sour, too hot or cold food.

At viral nature stomatitis is used antiviral ointments. In order to create a protective film over the sores, vaseline, rosehip or sea buckthorn oil, aloe juice are used. They help in the regeneration of the epithelium.

With fungal stomatitis, antifungal drugs are used - candide for local treatment, miramistin, hexoral.

Medical treatment

Sometimes the soreness of the ulcers greatly prevents the patient from leading a habitual lifestyle, eating. Therefore, the doctor may recommend the use of some local anesthetics, such as:

In addition, in adults, the treatment of stomatitis must necessarily include mouthwashes, ointments, sprays, gels, absorbable tablets, lozenges with antimicrobial action:

• "Actovegin" - a gel that is used for initial therapy ulcers.
• "Eucalyptus M" - lozenges.
• "Kameton" - spray and aerosol.
• Cholisal is a dental gel with a combined analgesic, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial action.
• Vinylin Gel, Lugol Spray, Hexoral Spray, Ingalipt Spray.
• Hexetidine (Stomatidine) is an antiseptic with a weak analgesic and antimicrobial effect.
• "Evkarom", "Ingafitol" - a collection for rinsing the mouth and inhalation, consists of eucalyptus leaves and chamomile flowers.
• "Kamistad" - dental gel with anesthetic and antiseptic action, the composition includes chamomile and lidocaine.

Antiviral, antifungal, antihistamines are used depending on the cause of stomatitis, with herpetic stomatitis in adults, treatment consists in the use of antiviral agents in ointments, tablets, with a fungal origin of stomatitis (thrush) use antifungals, antihistamines should be used for allergic stomatitis, and for other types of lesions of the oral mucosa.

• Antihistamines - in tablet form "Fenistil", "Claritin", "Loratodin", "Tsetrin", "Suprastin", "Tavegil".
• Antifungal - Mikozon, Daktarin, Miconazole gel, Levorin, nystatin ointment.
• Antiviral - oxolinic, bonafton ointment, interferon, tebrofen ointment, Zovirax, Acyclovir, Viru-Merz Serol.

Means that accelerate the healing of the epithelium:

• Rosehip oil, sea buckthorn has a healing effect.
• "Carotolin" - an oily solution intended for external use with an antioxidant effect, vitamin A.
• Propolis spray is an additional remedy for the treatment of stomatitis in adults, which has a beneficial effect in the presence of various skin lesions, with herpes, ulcers.
• Shostakovsky's balm, or "Vinilin" - helps to cleanse wounds and accelerates the regeneration and epithelization of tissues, has an antiseptic and anti-inflammatory effect.
• Solcoseryl is a dental paste that improves tissue trophism and stimulates epithelium regeneration in stomatitis.

Folk remedies

Treatment of stomatitis at home should be performed according to the doctor's prescription, which will take into account the causes of the disease, the general condition of the body. After eliminating the cause, he will prescribe rinses, ointments, gels, multivitamin preparations.

1. Hydrogen peroxide. Rinse the oral cavity diluted with the same amount of water with 3% hydrogen peroxide 2-3 times a day for one to two weeks.
2. Blue iodine. Dilute blue iodine in a 1:1 ratio with warm water. Rinse your mouth with a glass of water 3 times a day. For 5 minutes, apply gauze bandages moistened with blue iodine to the affected areas. Treat stomatitis in this way 3 times a day.
3. Propolis tincture. Rinse your mouth after eating hot water, then with hydrogen peroxide to properly rinse the sores. Some additionally dry them with warm air using a hair dryer. Then lubricate the affected areas with diluted water. alcohol tincture propolis and dry again with warm air so that a film forms sooner.
4. Myrrh oil. According to legend, the ancient Greek warriors did not go on a campaign without myrrh resin paste. Thick oil prevents the spread of infection, heals various skin lesions, helps with coughs and colds, has anti-inflammatory and antiseptic effects in bacterial and viral lesions.
5. Silver water. Used to treat stomatitis in children and adults. Rinse your mouth with warm water several times a day. For making silver water into water room temperature a silver thing is placed for a day.
6. Honey. Brew 1s.l. green tea with a glass of boiling water in a teapot, leave for 45 minutes, strain. Melt in a water bath 1s.l. honey, add to green tea infusion. Rinse the mouth several times a day with warm infusion to treat stomatitis.
7. Blueberry. Brew 0.5 l of boiling water 3-4s.l. blueberries, cook for 15 minutes over low heat with the lid closed, let cool. Rinse your mouth with a decoction for stomatitis, irritation of the mucous membrane.
8. Get 1 tsp. freshly squeezed juice onion, 1 tsp Kalanchoe juice, add 3 sl. water. Rinse your mouth several times a day.

Prevention of stomatitis

Stomatitis in adults is considered a recurrent disease, that is, it is prone to return, relapse. In order to prevent a recurrence of the disease, it is necessary to adhere to the rules of prevention:

• timely treat caries;
• timely treat the gastrointestinal tract;
• wash hands before eating;
• remove tartar and plaque in a timely manner;
• choose the right toothpaste and rinse solution for the oral cavity;
• provide for yourself and loved ones healthy eating, with a balanced combination of proteins, fats, carbohydrates, vitamins, microelements.

Stomatitis - not terrible, but very unpleasant disease oral cavity. Its occurrence can be effectively prevented. And timely treatment helps to quickly rid yourself of painful symptoms.

Stomatitis is infectious inflammation mucous lining the oral cavity. Usually, the disease manifests itself in children, since their immunity is not yet developed and cannot resist pathogenic microbes. However, in recent years it has been recorded in the population of all ages. According to experts, this is due to an unfavorable environment, which leads to a decrease in the functions of the immune system.

The tactics of treating stomatitis in adults depends on the type of pathogen, symptom severity and comorbidities. Therefore, if you find the first signs of an illness, you should consult a doctor.

Why stomatitis appears: causes and prerequisites

The main culprits of stomatitis are bacteria, fungi and viruses. It is because of their activity that an infectious-inflammatory process is born that affects the fragile mucous membrane of the tongue, palate, throat, gums or cheeks.

The human oral cavity has its own microflora. A huge number of staphylococci, spirochetes, streptococci, fungi and other microbes are in it constantly and from birth. They protect the body from their counterparts from the outside, saving a person from numerous diseases.

The quantitative and qualitative constancy of the microflora is controlled by saliva, which restrains its reproduction, but does not completely destroy it, since the vacated place will immediately be occupied by another pathogenic one.

An imbalance in the microflora of the oral cavity leads to inflammation of its mucous membrane - stomatitis. Moreover, the causative agent of the disease can be both one's own microbes and those that have penetrated from outside.

An imbalance in the microflora, leading to stomatitis, occurs under the influence of such factors:

• decreased immunity due to a lack of vitamins, stress, chronic or acute internal illness or a common cold;
• the ingress of bacteria or fungi on the mucous membrane from the external environment, for example, when eating unwashed products;
• accumulation of microflora in poorly accessible areas: in carious cavities, under crowns;
• inadequate and irregular brushing of teeth;
• uncontrolled intake of drugs that reduce the quality and quantity of saliva;
• inhibition of positive microflora with antibiotics;
• hormonal changes that often occur in women and adolescents;
• prolonged vomiting, diarrhea or bleeding, causing dehydration and a decrease in the amount of saliva.

Internal pathologies and stomatitis

The cause of stomatitis is often a violation in the work of some organ or system. Most often, the manifestation is promoted by:

• oncological diseases;
• gastritis, colitis;
• anemia or anemia;
• bronchial asthma;
• diabetes;
• hormonal disruptions;
• HIV infections.

Forms and types of disease

According to the nature of the manifestation of stomatitis, there are three main types:

Depending on the pathogen that causes inflammation, stomatitis is divided into 5 main types:

• Bacterial. The culprits of the disease are staphylococci or streptococci.
• Traumatic. It occurs due to burns or mechanical damage to the soft tissues of the oral cavity.
• Fungal. Appears with reduced immunity or after a course of antibiotics. Against their background, the body cannot prevent enhanced growth fungi of the genus Candida, which is why inflammation develops.
• Viral. This form of stomatitis occurs due to the activation of the herpes simplex virus or Epstein-Barr.
• Allergic. Reaction to various allergens. For example, the material of the denture, the composition of the paste or rinse.

Symptoms and development of stomatitis

Usually, infectious inflammation covers the mucous membranes that cover the tonsils, tonsils, throat, upper tongue, inside of the cheeks or lips, gums.

The symptoms of stomatitis are the same in both adults and children. But in the second, the disease is more acute, with signs general intoxication and high temperature. Whereas in the former, only the mucous membrane most often suffers.

Inflammation begins with a slight reddening of the lesion. The area around it then becomes swollen, painful, and swollen. Literally the next day, sores, aphthae or vesicles may appear.

In addition to rashes, there may be bad breath, bleeding gums. Sometimes the body temperature rises. The maximum mark is 39 ° C. Lymph nodes are almost always enlarged, and the tongue is screwed up with a coating.

Viral stomatitis

The reason for the appearance of this type of stomatitis is the pathogenic effect of the herpes simplex virus, chicken pox or influenza. The most common causative agent of the disease is herpes virus. According to statistics, in 90% of cases, infection occurs in early childhood. As soon as pathogenic particles enter the skin, they enter the replication apparatus. nerve cells and are in it in a latent state all their lives.

What does herpetic stomatitis look like?

When a person is immunosuppressed, the agents are activated and affect either the lips and/or skin on the face or the oral mucosa. In the second case, the favorite places for the localization of the virus are the cheeks, top part tongue and sky.

With herpetic stomatitis, the oral mucosa turns red, swells. Over time, bubbles filled with clear liquid and arranged in groups.

Within a few days, the exudate becomes cloudy, the formations burst, and red erosions appear instead. The latter quickly dry out and become covered with a whitish or yellowish coating.

The main difference between this form of the disease is the appearance of rounded yellow or white aphthae with a bright red rim (see the photo for how they look). The size of formations can reach 10 mm. The surface is covered with fibrinous plaque.

Most often, the disease is chronic (permanent) in nature. If it cannot be cured within two weeks, then the pathology will pass into another form and begin ulcerative stomatitis or worse, necrotic. This happens not without reason. Most often, this phenomenon indicates serious health problems.: immunodeficiency states, irradiation, leukemia, poisoning with salts of heavy metals.

The mucosa is covered with a touch of gray or yellow color. Bubbles should appear on the affected areas, from which bloody contents or pus are released. The rashes are even, round shape, red color, elastic walls and clear boundaries. The gums swell and hurt. Arises putrid smell from mouth.

The clinic lasts no longer than one week. Then the symptoms disappear, but it is not worth hoping that bacterial stomatitis in an adult will go away without treatment. Against the background of weakened immunity, the pathology undergoes chronicity.

This form of stomatitis is most pronounced. The mucosa is covered with a characteristic plaque, which has White color and curdled texture. The skin underneath is covered with ulcers. If you try to clean the affected area, it may start to bleed.

Candidiasis stomatitis is localized on the tongue, palate, gums and cheeks. At the initial stage, plaque covers the mucous membrane locally. On the later, a continuous film is formed.

A common cause of catarrhal stomatitis in the mouth is poor hygiene. light shape an illness provoked by such a factor can be treated at home. Use antiseptics, rinsing with decoctions of herbs - and after a week the manifestation will disappear.

However, in severe cases of the disease and serious forms: aphthous, ulcerative, herpetic, you should contact your therapist. Since the risk of complications is high.

Treatment of stomatitis in adults is to eliminate the cause and symptomatic manifestations. Usually it consists of a whole range of measures to reduce discomfort and prevent the progression and transition of the disease to a chronic relapsing form.

Painkillers

If the soreness of the ulcers prevents the patient from leading a full life, eating, the doctor will recommend the use of local anesthetics. These include:

• Anestezin - tablets for the preparation of powder. Stop the pain in the lesion.
• Geksoral tabs - antiseptic lozenges based on benzocaine and chlorhexidine. In addition to the analgesic effect, they have an antimicrobial effect.
• Lidocaine Asept is a local anesthetic agent. Often included in therapy for aphthous stomatitis and erosive lesions.
• Lidochlor is a combined preparation in the form of a gel. It has antimicrobial and analgesic effects.
• Kalanchoe juice, decoction of calendula, sage, chamomile.

All medications have a number of side effects and contraindications, so they should be used only after consultation with the doctor.

Anti-inflammatory drugs

Regardless of the cause of stomatitis in an adult, therapy must necessarily include rinses, ointments, sprays, absorbable lozenges and tablets with antimicrobial action:

• Cholisal is a dental gel with anti-inflammatory and analgesic effect.
• Kamistad - antiseptic and anesthetic gel, which includes pharmacy chamomile and lidocaine.
• Evkarom, Ingafitol - herbal preparations for rinsing and inhalation containing eucalyptus leaves.
• Stomatidin is an antiseptic with a weak analgesic effect and a pronounced antimicrobial effect.

Drugs aimed at eliminating the pathogen

Means that accelerate the healing of the mucosa

• Solcoseryl is a dental paste that stimulates tissue regeneration and improves trophism.
• Catorolin is a solution with antioxidant properties.
• Sea buckthorn or rosehip oil. They have a healing effect.
• Vinylin (Shostakovsky's balm). Promotes cleansing of wounds, epithelialization and regeneration. It also reduces inflammation and inhibits the growth of bacteria.

Treatment of allergic stomatitis

This disease is not considered as a separate one, since it can only begin against the background of a general allergic reaction and is only one of its manifestations. Treatment of adults is reduced to the elimination of the allergen and the elimination of signs of stomatitis. For this, antihistamines are used. For example, Suprastin, Tavegil.

Treatment of herpetic stomatitis

With viral stomatitis begins complex therapy, which includes the reception:

• Anesthetics - Lidocaine Asept, Lidochlor.
• Anti-inflammatory - Holisal, Solcoseryl, rosehip oil.
• Antihistamines - Tavegil, Suprastin.
• Antiviral - Oksolin, Zovirax, Acyclovir.
• Immunomodulators - Cycloferon, Immunal.

Treatment of aphthous stomatitis

It can be difficult to cure aphthous stomatitis in adults, since the disease is prone to relapse. Therapy may include the following items:

• Treatment of rashes with a solution of chamomile and boric acid. For its preparation 2 tbsp. l. a decoction of chamomile is combined with 4 g of acid. The resulting mixture is used for rinsing the mouth or for applying applications. Instead of these components, you can take others. For example, furacilin tablets or diluted hydrogen peroxide (1 to 1). For local treatment, sea buckthorn or peach oil is also suitable.
• Detoxification can be treated with sodium thiosulfate, which is administered intravenously once a day.
• To increase the protection of affected tissues from microbes, Lysozyme, Pyrogenal or Prodigiosan are used.
• To improve immunity, they take vitamin C1, B6, riboflavin, folic and nicotinic acid.
• The treatment program may include sedatives and antihistamines.
• With constant stomatitis, Decaris is prescribed, which helps prevent relapses.
• Coarse, sweet, spicy food. Alcohol and cigarettes are also limited.

A good result is given by therapeutic irradiation of aft with UV rays. A referral to a treatment room can be made by a therapist.

If inflammation occurs on permanent basis need to undergo an immunological examination. Since the causes of frequent aphthous stomatitis in adults are associated with various pathologies of the nervous, endocrine system, as well as with lesions of the digestive system, treatment of concomitant disease will be required.

Treatment of fungal stomatitis

In adults, this type of stomatitis appears against a background of reduced immunity or after a course of antibiotics. Therefore, the following method is used for treatment:

• Local or oral antifungal drugs are used - Pimafucin, Fluconazole, Clotrimazole.
• The entire affected surface is treated with antifungal agents - Miconazole, Nystatin ointment.
• If the patient has dentures, then mouth rinses with Lugol's or Iodinol's solution are prescribed.
• The diet is corrected: excluded easily digestible carbohydrates.
• And be sure to carry out treatment aimed at increasing immunity.

Because fungal stomatitis in the mouth in adults often appears against the background of internal diseases, it is necessary to consult a gastroenterologist and an endocrinologist. They will prescribe an appropriate examination, identify the cause of the disease and form the necessary and competent method of treatment.

Prevention of stomatitis

After recovery, it must be replaced toothbrush , this will help to avoid secondary infection on the mucous membrane. If there are carious lesions in the oral cavity, they must be healed to prevent recurrence.

Periodontal pockets are also a kind of depot for pathogenic microflora. It will often be necessary to treat stomatitis if they are present, since therapy will only lead to a temporary result.

Hygiene and proper lifestyle play a huge role in preventing outbreaks of any form of stomatitis. To maintain oral health you need:

• Wash hands before eating and after walking.
• Include foods rich in vitamins in your diet.
• Limit your intake of sugary foods.
• Maintain cleanliness in the house.
• News active image life.
• Give up alcohol and nicotine.
• Follow hygiene.
• Visit the dentist at least once a year.

And at the slightest suspicion that stomatitis or any other disease occurs in the oral cavity, you should immediately consult a doctor. Timely treatment will help to avoid many serious problems.

Stomatitis is a disease of the oral cavity, manifested in inflammation of its mucous membrane. talking scientific language, this is the response of the immune system of our body to the action of foreign agents and irritants, which arose in the oral cavity.

Stomatitis can develop in both adults and children, but more often it affects the oral mucosa. This is due to the higher susceptibility of children to negative influences environment due to the instability of their immunity.

The causes of stomatitis are quite diverse, which makes it possible to attribute it to multifactorial diseases.

Due to this circumstance, it is still not possible to single out a single pathogenetic mechanism for the development of this disease, since each of the causes carries an individual path of damage to the oral mucosa. However, there is always a protective reaction of the immune system to a pathogenic factor.

• hereditary predisposition if the closest blood relatives had stomatitis.
• Changes hormonal background among women during pregnancy, lactation, phases of the menstrual cycle.
• Psycho-emotional imbalance, frequent stress, negative emotions.
• Malnutrition(insufficient content of B vitamins, folic acid, iron, zinc) or nutrition with an unbalanced quantitative content of vitamins, micro- and macroelements .
• Hypersensitivity of the body with the development of an allergic reaction(intolerance to gluten, buckwheat, oatmeal, rye, citrus fruits, pineapples, apples, strawberries, strawberries, figs, tomatoes, dairy products, nuts, mint, chewing gum, drugs, dental materials, toothpaste).
• Injury to the oral mucosa caused by mechanically (solid food, sharp edge of a tooth crown or denture, cheek bite).
• Use of toothpastes or mouth cleaners containing sodium lauryl sulfate. This substance can cause dehydration of the epithelial cells of the oral mucosa, which leads to a decrease in its protective properties and an increase in sensitivity to pathogenic agents.
• The presence of acute or chronic diseases other than stomatitis, more often malignant formations in the head and neck area.
• Impact on the mucosa cigarette smoke or alcohol, their combinations.
• Reduced hygiene oral cavity.
• Carious changes teeth.
• bacterial or viral agents.
• The impact of chemotherapy drugs on the body.

Symptoms of stomatitis

The main sign of stomatitis is the formation of ulcers on the mucous membrane of the cheeks, lips, soft and hard palate, under the tongue, at the bottom of the mouth, palatine arches, tonsils. Initially, they look like ordinary redness (hyperemia) of the oral mucosa in a limited area and resemble a spot. There is swelling in the area of ​​redness, burning or tingling.

As the process progresses, ulcers become more characteristic:

• they are solitary
• rounded
• sharply painful
• with clear and even edges
• diffusely distributed over the mucosal surface
• from above covered with a whitish or grayish membranous coating
• around them is a hyperemic ring

With the transition of stomatitis to chronic form sores are able to merge into a single focus.

In addition to the above main symptom, the symptoms of stomatitis include fever, enlargement of nearby lymph nodes and their conglomerates, headaches, loss or decrease in appetite, pain in the mouth when eating or talking, salivation, bad breath, bleeding of the gum edges, general weakness of the body, deterioration of health, spread of ulcers to outer surface lips.

The main types of stomatitis

1. candida
2. Viral
3. Bacterial
4. Allergic
5. Traumatic
6. Chronic aphthous
7. Ulcerative necrotic stomatitis Spring (Vincent)

Candidal stomatitis

Refers to fungal infectious diseases of the oral mucosa and is caused by a fungus of the Candida albicans species. It most often occurs in young children (it tells about the treatment of stomatitis in infants) and in the elderly, although it can occur at any other period of life. Manifestations of candidal stomatitis are a whitish coating on the surface of the tongue, burning, bleeding of the mucous membrane, loss or decrease in appetite, difficulty swallowing.

Viral stomatitis

The most common cause of this type of inflammation of the oral mucosa are viruses of measles, herpes, chickenpox, influenza, cytomegalovirus infection. There is an increase in body temperature, soreness, the development of erosions on the mucous membrane with a transition to sores, swelling and redness of the mucous membrane. Also characteristic general symptoms in the form of lethargy, impaired health and appetite.

Bacterial stomatitis

Cause bacterial stomatitis there can be not only pathogenic microorganisms, but also conditionally pathogenic bacteria that are normally present on the oral mucosa. The main pathogens are staphylococci and streptococci, causing the appearance of a gray-yellow membranous plaque in addition to the general symptoms. Often, bacterial stomatitis can be accompanied by erysipelas and jams on the lips (You can read about the treatment of jams).

Allergic stomatitis

In this type of disease, the main pathogenetic role is played by the body's development of a sensitization reaction to an allergen that has entered the oral mucosa.

It is imperative that the body must be hypersensitive to this allergen in order for the allergic reaction to occur.

Thus, in the development of allergic stomatitis, the most important position is occupied by the human immune system.

Traumatic stomatitis

It occurs as a result of chronic mechanical impact on the oral mucosa with its damage, sometimes not even noticed by a person. This is especially dangerous because such damage can lead not only to traumatic stomatitis, but also to more life threatening diseases - benign and malignant neoplasms oral cavity.

Chronic aphthous stomatitis

With this form, aphthae with a whitish-yellow coating are predominantly formed on the oral mucosa, that is, small erosions. This creates a picture of increased redness in erosive areas against the background of mild hyperemia of the mucosa or the absence of inflammation in unaffected areas. Symptoms of chronic are similar to the above general signs, with the exception of ulcers.

Ulcerative necrotic stomatitis Spring (Vincent)

It occurs in people with reduced immunity against the backdrop of the presence chronic foci infections due to neglect of the rules of personal oral hygiene. Ulcerative lesion mucosa is more extensive and abundant, pathological foci are larger and more painful than those in other forms of stomatitis. Also, more pronounced in their size lymph nodes and fever are determined.

It can be carried out not only after contacting a doctor and receiving the necessary recommendations, but also at home. Usually, a person can cure only mild forms of stomatitis on their own. But despite this, going to the doctor is the best first step in the treatment of this disease.

How and what is the best way to treat stomatitis in the mouth?

1. Medications (use of local anesthetics, antiseptics, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, antivirals, antibiotics, antihistamines, drugs that promote the healing of epithelial defects).
2. A diet that includes a balanced and complete nutrition in terms of the main components.
3. Therapy.

Treatment different forms stomatitis is produced in the same way in different ways, it has individual characteristics associated with the etiology and mechanism of development of a particular type of disease.

Treatment of candidal stomatitis

The approach to the treatment of this form of stomatitis is directed to the use of antifungal drugs due to their activity against the pathogen - Candida albicans. The following tools are used:

• Diflucan
• Ketoconazole
• Fluconazole
• Itraconazole
• ointments Nystatin and Levorin

Medicines are used in the form of ointments, sprays, tablet forms. In addition, doctors advise taking painkillers (Nise, Analgin), using antiseptics (Iodinol, Furacillin, Dimexin), probiotics for recovery normal composition oral microflora. Form proper diet with a multicomponent composition of food also follows from the very first days of treatment.

Treatment of viral stomatitis

Therapy begins with sanitation of the oral cavity with antiseptic agents, topical application of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs ( Acetylsalicylic acid, Ketoprofen, Ibuprofen). Decoctions of medicinal herbs such as chamomile, sage, calendula are applicable. With the help of a cotton swab, apply to the lesions of the mucosa Oxolinic ointment, which has a pronounced antiviral effect, in addition to it, you can apply sea ​​buckthorn oil and preparations with vitamin A. At the time of treatment, an abundant alkaline drink is indicated to relieve intoxication of the body, taking immunostimulants.

Treatment of bacterial stomatitis

The main thing in the treatment of bacterial stomatitis is correct selection and taking antibiotics directed against the underlying causative agent of the disease. This is usually:

• Gentamicin
• Lincomycin
• Penicillin
• Ampiox

Antibacterial treatment is combined with the use of immunostimulants, painkillers, vitamin preparations. not ruled out plentiful drink due to the same intoxication of the body with bacterial toxins. Recommended hospital treatment, since non-viable tissues must be removed under aseptic conditions, and the home environment is definitely not suitable for these procedures.

Treatment of allergic stomatitis

Be sure to remove the allergen and its effects on the oral mucosa. Without this measure, allergic stomatitis cannot be cured for obvious reasons. In addition, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory and antihistamines are used (Diphenhydramine, Suprastin, Tavegil). Supportive care vitamin complexes appointed from the first days of treatment.

Treatment of traumatic stomatitis

Usually it consists in eliminating those sources mechanical injury mucosa, which caused stomatitis. The patient may not regard the chipped crown of the tooth as a factor contributing to the development of the disease, he may not be bothered by pain, but this is the main predisposing factor requiring removal. Therapy is performed by a dentist, mainly engaged in dental treatment.

Do not exclude the use of painkillers and anti-inflammatory drugs as needed.

Treatment of chronic aphthous stomatitis

Use local therapy with antiseptic drugs (Furacillin, Chlorhexidine), treatment of aft with painkillers (Lidocaine with Glycerin). Special attention give ointments with glucocorticosteroids, as they are able to interrupt the development of aphthae. Shown vitamin therapy (B, C), immunomodulators, hypoallergenic diet.

How can you treat ulcerative necrotic stomatitis Spring (Vincent)

Sanitation of the oral cavity, anesthesia are paramount. Next is the removal of tissues in the ulcers that have undergone necrosis. surgically. Antiseptic therapy is prescribed (Trichopolum, Chlorhexidine), Phenkarol, Tavegil, enzymatic agents for the destruction of necrotic tissue by enzymes.

Effective in mild forms of stomatitis and attempts at home treatment healing effect many folk remedies that are more understandable and close to any person, unlike drug therapy. These are solutions, and decoctions, and infusions, as well as plants and vegetables in their raw form.

Treatment of stomatitis with the help of folk remedies

1. Sodium bicarbonate solution - a teaspoon of baking soda dissolved in a glass of ordinary boiled water.
2. A decoction of oak bark, St. John's wort, yarrow.
3. Decoction of walnut leaves.
4. Calendula, chamomile.
5. Flaxseed decoction - mix one tablespoon of flax seeds with 200-300 milliliters of boiling water and boil for five minutes, then strain and take in a warm state (the decoction heals wounds on the mucous membrane perfectly).
6. A decoction based on blueberry leaves.
7. Infusions of basil, roses - one tablespoon per glass of boiling water, after insisting for half an hour, rinse your mouth four times a day .
8. Nettle infusion - one tablespoon per glass of boiling water, then leave for one hour.
9. Tampons with aloe juice for antiseptic effect.
10. Raw potatoes, carrots and garlic in grated form for anti-inflammatory, immunostimulating and disinfecting effect (moreover, grated garlic is applicable only in combination with a teaspoon of kefir for 4-7 minutes).
11. Lubrication of the mucosa natural honey, sea buckthorn oil.
12. Rinsing the mouth with beaten egg white.
13. Rinsing the mouth with the so-called "Silver Water" (filtered water and silver ions).
14. Boric vaseline.

Traditional medicine, no doubt, gives its positive effects in the treatment of stomatitis, but still you should definitely consult a specialist and do not neglect his advice.

It is better to prevent any disease than to try to cure an already existing disease. The occurrence of stomatitis is also amenable to prevention. If you follow the elementary rules, introduce them into your habit and just be more attentive to the health of your oral cavity, you can get rid of many of the troubles of this disease.

Measures to prevent the occurrence of stomatitis

• Timely preventive examinations of the oral cavity in the dental clinic.
• Timely and proper elimination caries, chronic foci of infection.
• Correct dental prosthetics, elimination of sharp chipped edges of tooth enamel.
• Quitting smoking and drinking alcohol.
• Systematic oral care (brushing your teeth twice with a properly selected toothbrush and paste, using dental floss, rinsing after each meal, timely changing brushes and dental floss, using mouthwash, etc.).
• Avoid contact with allergens.
• Balanced and rational nutrition throughout the day.
• Maintaining your immunity with vitamin complexes, maintaining a healthy lifestyle.
• Avoidance stressful situations, striving for positive emotions and harmony.
• Refusal of uncontrolled use of antibacterial drugs.

Currently, stomatitis is a common disease of the oral cavity, along with such diseases as caries, gingivitis, periodontitis, periodontitis. Therefore, it is so important to know about its existence, to understand the main causes of its occurrence, to present the method of treatment, and most importantly, to be able to prevent the development of this pathology.

Video: how to treat stomatitis?

Stomatitis is the most common inflammation of the oral mucosa. As a result, extremely painful sores form in the mouth. small size. Children are much more prone to stomatitis than adults.

Symptoms of stomatitis are not much different in children and adults, but the causes of this disease may be different. The disease affects approximately 20% of the world's population, of which almost every second pregnant woman.

Timely treatment can prevent chronic pathological process with early detection of pathology. The factors provoking stomatitis can be local or general - trauma, allergy, virus, fungal or bacterial infection, mouth irritation.

The most common forms of stomatitis are: aphthous, viral (herpes), candidal (thrush of the oral cavity). Among those who have ever suffered from any of the forms of stomatitis, there is a large percentage of people who then experience relapses of this disease.

Treatment of stomatitis depends on the cause of the disease and includes: local and general therapy- taking antibiotics, antifungal drugs, hormonal anti-inflammatory drugs, etc.

Causes of stomatitis

Stomatitis can act as independent disease and as a symptom systemic pathologies. To date, medicine does not have accurate data on the causes of stomatitis on the lip and in the human oral cavity.

This may be the penetration of microorganisms - pathogens that are activated in the oral cavity, and various diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, and ailments of cardio-vascular system organism. In the largest percentage of cases, the disease is a consequence of a bacterial, viral or herpes infection.

At least several factors causing this disease have been identified. Any of them, or several at once, can lead to the formation of ulcers:

• toothpastes and mouth cleaners containing sodium lauryl sulfate;
• mechanical injury;
• emotional or mental stress;
• nutritional deficiencies;
• allergies and hypersensitivity;
• prolonged use of antibacterial, antiarrhythmic, antihypertensive, and other medications;
• hormonal changes;
• inadequate oral hygiene;
• poorly made or poorly installed dentures;

The occurrence of stomatitis and other types of aphthous ulcers is also directly related to some diseases. It is believed that the disease occurs when, for unknown reasons, the human immune system reacts to the appearance of molecules that it cannot recognize.

In addition, they can occur with violations in the technique of dental manipulations. In most cases, stomatitis can be treated at home.

Types of stomatitis

Depending on the causes of the disease, it is customary to divide stomatitis into different groups:

1. Catarrhal is the most common lesion of the oral mucosa.
2. , it is also called thrush, most often occurs due to yeast-like fungi of the genus Candida.
3. Herpetic - caused by the herpes virus. As a rule, it occurs in children from one to three years old and in young people.
4. Bacterial - occurs when an infection enters an injured mucosa.
5. - bears its name from the word "afta". The cause may be diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, allergic reactions, viral infections, rheumatism, as well as heredity.
6. Ulcerative. This disease is accompanied by high pain, aggravated by eating and talking.
7. Enteroviral vesicular. This species has a high degree of contagiousness among young children.

Whatever the cause, the first step in treating stomatitis should be to see a doctor and have your mouth professionally cleaned. This will quickly cure stomatitis and avoid further relapses.

Symptoms

Most typical signs stomatitis is hyperemia of the oral mucosa, swelling, burning sensation, itching, often ulceration and bleeding.

It should be remembered that stomatitis and its symptoms largely depend on the cause of the disease. Typically, in adults this disease the following main symptoms are observed:

• the formation of painful round or oval sores on the oral mucosa, surrounded by a red halo, with a diameter of 1 mm to 10 mm.
• pain and discomfort during eating or talking.
• increased sensitivity of the tongue.
• the presence of small watery bubbles that burst, leaving behind erosion.
• redness of the oral mucosa.
• Maybe .

Pain and discomfort are the very first and unpleasant symptoms of stomatitis, they appear even before redness visible to the eye during the catarrhal process or ulcers and aphthae with ulcerative and aphthous stomatitis.

Please note that depending on the form, causes and type of illness, it can be contagious, that is, contagious. If inflammation of the mucous membranes of the nose and genital organs, as well as the eyes, is added to the existing symptoms of stomatitis, this may indicate the presence of Behçet's syndrome.

What does stomatitis look like - photo

A small selection of photos: what stomatitis looks like in the mouth, on the tongue or lip.

Signs in children

Often the disease occurs in children different ages. Characteristic are:

• anxiety, irritability, tearfulness;
• redness of the mucous membrane of the surface layer of the mouth;
• swelling and swelling of the gums and the inside of the lips and cheeks;
• whitish formations on the tongue, on the lips in the form of a "curd" coating;
• loss of appetite, the child refuses to breastfeed;
• the formation of small ulcers on the mucous membrane and in the corners of the mouth.

All together will give you a good reason to determine the presence of stomatitis in a child. To know exactly how to treat stomatitis, you need to make an appointment with a doctor, he will prescribe the necessary drugs and prescribe suitable treatment at home.

Diagnostics

To detect stomatitis, the doctor usually first examines the patient's medical record, and then proceeds to a visual examination of the oral cavity. There are no specific medical tests (such as a biopsy or culture) to detect stomatitis. main feature stomatitis - the appearance of ulcers, their location and the fact that stomatitis is a recurring disease.

In addition, with stomatitis, the tissue immediately surrounding the ulcer has a normal, healthy appearance, and the patient himself does not experience any bright systemic symptoms(for example, no high temperature or feeling unwell). However, with advanced forms of stomatitis, especially in children, multiple ulcers, fever, and deterioration in well-being are observed.

Treatment of stomatitis

Most often, the disease resolves on its own within 1.5-2 weeks.

There are several treatments for stomatitis in adults: topical treatment with mouthwash solutions, and general treatment, which includes antibiotics, hormonal agents, and other medications if necessary.

Although there is no cure for stomatitis completely, there are various ways and drugs with which you can reduce the pain and duration of its course.

At home, you can rinse your mouth several times a day with solutions antiseptics- you can use water infusions chamomile, warm calendula, 0.05% aqueous solution chlorhexidine or miramistin or methylene blue, a pale pink solution of potassium permanganate.

Ulcerative elements are lubricated with Benzocaine, Lidocaine, Trimecaine, as well as aloe or Kalanchoe juice, these substances not only reduce pain in stomatitis, but also cover the eroded areas with a protective film. Before using any drug, be sure to consult your doctor, carefully read the annotation attached to it.

In the process of treating stomatitis, you should follow a diet - it is not recommended to eat spicy, salty or sour foods. Food should be neutral in acidity and not cause additional irritation of the mucosa. In order to determine exactly how to treat stomatitis in the mouth, it is necessary to determine its form, and after that look for a suitable treatment. To do this, you should go to the doctor.

How to treat stomatitis with folk remedies

To cure stomatitis at home, you can use proven folk remedies. They will relieve unpleasant symptoms, and help bring recovery closer.

Please note that treatment with medicinal herbs possibly in adults if no other severe symptoms(a significant increase in body temperature, the appearance of blisters on the skin, deterioration in general condition, etc.).

1. Daily rinse your mouth with saline solution. To prepare it, add a teaspoon of salt and a pinch of soda to a glass of water.
2. Rinsing with hydrogen peroxide. 1 teaspoon of peroxide is enough for 0.5 cups of warm water. You need to be careful not to swallow the solution.
3. Kalanchoe and aloe help relieve inflammatory changes oral cavity. For cooking remedy you can rinse your mouth kalanchoe juice and aloe.
4. Calendula also helps relieve inflammation of the oral mucosa in stomatitis. To prepare an infusion of calendula, it is recommended to pour 1 tablespoon of dried flowers with a glass of water and cook over low heat for 10 minutes. Then cool and strain. Rinse the mouth with the resulting infusion 5-6 times a day.
5. The main ingredient is egg white - a very popular folk remedy for the treatment of infectious stomatitis. You need to wash the chicken egg and release the protein in half a glass of warm water, beat. Do mouth rinses with this solution every 2 hours.
6. Can be applied to the affected area freshly squeezed potato juice. To prepare the medicine, potatoes are cut into small slices and passed through a meat grinder. The resulting juice is used for treatment.
7. Garlic . 1 st. l. crushed garlic mixed with 1 tsp. kefir or yogurt. Spread this mass over the surface of the sores. It will burn, but you have to be patient. Do 3 times a day.

Treatment of stomatitis in children folk remedies is a separate category. Many medicines and preparations that can be used by adults are not suitable for child's body Therefore, the treatment of the child is carried out only by a doctor. You shouldn't experiment.

Prevention of stomatitis

In order not to get sick with stomatitis, and in the case of its chronic course, to avoid frequent exacerbations (relapses), follow the simple rules of prevention:

• do not eat food that causes allergies;
• in the presence of braces, dentures, properly care for them;
• avoid stress;
• avoid trauma to the oral mucosa;
• brush your teeth 2 times a day, including using dental floss;
• choose not irritants for oral care;
• take multivitamins in spring and autumn;
• visit the dentist every 6 months to prevent caries and fillings from falling out.

Complications

Improper self-treatment can lead to serious complications, such as generalization of infection, damage to the teeth.