Mild kidney stones treatment. Open cavity operation. How are kidney stones formed?

Medium-sized stones are more likely to form in the kidneys. When they are fixed at the site of formation, there may not be any symptoms. However, when the stone moves along the ureter in places of greatest narrowing, the stone clogs the ureter - symptoms of renal colic appear.

Symptoms of renal colic

• paroxysmal pain - periodically aggravated
• Possible increase in body temperature

• Salts in the urine
• erythrocytes in urine
• cloudy urine

Symptoms of stones of various localization

Symptoms of stones in the calyx

More often, calyx stones are small and are excreted in the urine. With abundant urination (with heavy drinking, drinking alcohol, taking diuretics). Perhaps exacerbation of pain due to the active promotion of stones.
The nature of the pain:

• Pain is paroxysmal
• Localized pain in the lumbar region in the lower abdomen or in the groin.
• The pain is exacerbated by shaking, active movements.

Symptoms of stones in the renal pelvis

medium sized stones most often cause a serious condition - blockage of the ureter and an attack of renal colic.
Symptoms of renal colic:
General symptoms:

• paroxysmal pain - periodically aggravated,
• Pain occurs suddenly, more often with movement, shaking, abundant intake liquids or alcohol. Changing position does not relieve pain.
• Possible increase in body temperature
• Pain can be given to the lumbar region, to the lower abdomen, to the inguinal region (depending on the level of ureteral obstruction).

Stones in the ureters

Localization of the stone in the upper third of the ureter

• Pain in the lumbar region
• The pain is acute, periodically subsides (but not completely), with periods of intensification
• Change in body position does not affect the intensity of pain
• Pain may radiate to the side of the abdomen

• The pain is localized in the lateral projection of the abdomen - along the lower costal edge
• Gives to the iliac and inguinal region
• Changing the position of the body does not affect the intensity of pain.

• Localization of pain - lower abdomen, groin area
• Pain radiates to the scrotum/external labia
• Feeling of a full bladder
• Frequent urge to urinate
• Urination itself is painful, does not lead to a feeling of emptying the bladder

Stones in the bladder

• Periodic pain in the lower abdomen
• Pain can be given to the perineum, external genitalia
• Pain gets worse or comes on with movement
• When urinating, the stream of urine may suddenly break off, with a change in body position, urine discharge may resume.

Reasons for the formation of stones

• Climate (dry, leading to frequent dehydration)
• Soil structure - affects the electrolyte composition of food
• The chemical composition of water - excess presence salts in water can increase their concentration in the urine. The acidity of water is also great value for stone formation urinary organs.
• Mode and amount of fluid intake - insufficient fluid intake increases the risk of stone formation.
• Daily routine - a sedentary lifestyle contributes to the formation of stones
• The composition of the daily food intake - excessive consumption of meat products, products with high content purine bases(peas, sorrel, spinach, etc.).

• Urinary tract infections: cystitis, urethritis, prostatitis, pyelonephritis
• infectious diseases other organs (tonsillitis, furunculosis, osteomyelitis)
• Diseases of the digestive tract: colitis, pancreatitis, cholelithiasis, hepatitis
• Anomalies in the development of the kidneys, ureters, bladder.

Diagnosis of urolithiasis

The diagnosis of urolithiasis is made on the basis of the following data:

Symptoms of the disease

1. intermittent sharp pains (like colic) in the lumbar region, lower abdomen or groin)
2. incomplete emptying of the bladder
3. burning sensation in the urethra when urinating

Data of examination and physical examination of the patient

1. palpation of the abdomen - allows you to exclude many acute inflammatory diseases of the organs abdominal cavity(pancreatitis, adnexitis, appendicitis, cholecystitis). These diseases are outward signs and symptoms may be similar to an attack of renal colic.
2. tapping of the abdomen and lumbar region - allows you to exclude or identify signs of diseases such as: sciatica, lumbago, pyelonephritis.
3. external examination of the patient forced posture patient (in which he feels a decrease in pain), the presence of edema, skin color may indicate many diseases of the urinary system.

CT diagnostic data this examination allows you to accurately diagnose urolithiasis and identify the shape, size and localization of stones.

X-ray diagnostic data - this method is used for a more detailed study of the flow of urine through the urinary tract, allows you to identify at what level there is a blockage of the urinary tract.

Data from a general urinalysis study- The following data may indicate the presence of urolithiasis:

1. Increased density of urine
2. The presence of unchanged red blood cells
3. The presence of a high concentration of salts
4. Detection of sand in the urine

Treatment of kidney stones with medicines

** The appointment of medicines, determining the dosage and time of admission is carried out only by the attending physician.

Dissolution of stones with medicines

Treatment of urinary stones folk remedies

Physiotherapy for urolithiasis

Treatment of urolithiasis in a sanatorium

Methods for crushing stones in the kidneys and ureters(lithotripsy)

Operations for urolithiasis

Indications for surgery for urolithiasis:

• large stones when they cannot be crushed and removed without surgery;
• significant impairment of kidney function, while other treatments in this case contraindicated;
• the position of the stone: if it is inside the kidney, then it is very difficult to crush it and bring it out;
• complication in the form of a purulent process in the kidneys (purulent pyelonephritis).

Pyelolithotomy. Removal of a urinary stone from the renal pelvis through an incision. Often to such intervention resort in the presence of large stones, coral-like stones.

Nephrolithotomy. A complex surgical intervention, which is performed with especially large sizes of stones that cannot be removed through the renal pelvis. In such situations, the incision is made directly through the tissue of the kidney.

Ureterolithotomy. An operation that is currently performed very rarely. This is the removal of a ureteral stone through an incision in the wall of the ureter. In most cases, the removal of such stones can be performed using endoscopic techniques, without an incision.

Help with renal colic

If the pain bothers you on the left, then you can apply a hot heating pad to the kidney area, take antispasmodics (No-shpa, Drotaverine, Papaverine).

First aid is provided by the ambulance team on the spot and in the emergency department of the hospital where the patient is taken. A combination of drugs is administered.

Composition of the mixture:

• analgin (or baralgin) - pain reliever;
• papaverine - antispasmodic (eliminates spasm of the ureters);
• dibazol - antispasmodic, lowers blood pressure.

• after the drugs are administered, acute pain does not go away;
• fever, vomiting;
• lack of urine as a result of blockage of the lumen of the ureter by a stone;
• an attack of renal colic is bilateral;
• The patient has only one kidney.

Diet for urolithiasis

How are kidney stones formed?

• genetic predisposition;
• Bad ecology;
• Features of nutrition;
• Region of residence - in some areas the water is hard and contains a lot of salts;
• Hormonal imbalance, especially disorders of the parathyroid gland;
• Metabolic disorders, in particular mineral metabolism;
• Anatomical features of the structure of the kidneys and urinary tract (weakness of the ligaments that support the kidney);
• Deficiency of substances that slow down crystallization (citrate, pyrophosphate, nephrocalcin, uropontin);
• Inflammation in the renal pelvis;
• Reception of sulfonamides and tetracyclines, nitrofuran together with ascorbic and other acids.

The process of stone formation begins with the fact that the concentration of salts in the urine increases, and they become insoluble. Salts crystallize around a colloidal "core" - a large organic molecule that is the basis of a kidney stone. Subsequently, new crystals form and grow on this matrix.

Recent studies have found that almost all stones (97%) contain nanobacteria so named because of their small size. These atypical Gram-negative (not Gram-staining) organisms produce apatite (calcium carbonate) during their vital activity. This mineral is deposited on the walls of the kidney cells, promoting the growth of crystals. Nanobacteria infect the epithelium of the collecting ducts and the zone of the papillae of the kidneys, creating foci of calcium phosphate crystallization around them, and thereby contribute to the growth of the stone.

What stones are formed in the kidneys with urolithiasis?

In 30% of women who suffered from urolithiasis before pregnancy, exacerbations occur, especially in the third trimester. This is due to a change in the drinking regimen and thickening of the mucous walls of the ureters. In addition, hormonal and anatomical changes in the body of a pregnant woman contribute to the development of inflammation around the stone, which leads to pyelonephritis.

Causes of the appearance and exacerbation of KSD in pregnant women.

• Violation of salt metabolism. During the period of bearing a child, phosphorus-calcium metabolism and reabsorption (reverse absorption from primary urine) of uric and oxalic acids are disturbed. Therefore, phosphate, urate and oxalate stones are predominantly formed.
• Decreased tone and expansion of the renal calyces and pelvis . Their volume increases by 2 times compared with the period before pregnancy. A decrease in tone leads to the fact that the sand is not removed from the kidney, but is overgrown with new crystals.
• Frequent urinary infections in pregnant women in which mucus, pus and epithelial cells take part in the formation of the core of the stone. The infection rises from the bladder with vesicoureteral reflux (reverse reflux of urine), penetrates the lymphogenous route with constipation or hematogenous with inflammatory bacterial diseases.
• The effect of the hormone progesterone on urinary tract receptors. Under its influence, the processes of formation and excretion of urine slow down. A decrease in the tone of the ureter from the 3rd to the 8th month causes stagnation of urine in the pelvis.
• Pathological mobility of the kidney can cause torsion of the ureter and obstruct the flow of urine. It develops due to the fact that the ligaments in pregnant women become more elastic and weakened.
• Uterine pressure. In the second half of pregnancy, the uterus deviates to the right and compresses the ureter, worsening the dynamics of urine. In this regard, in pregnant women, a predominantly right-sided lesion occurs.

Pain occurs in the upper part of the lower back, can be given to the stomach, genitals, leg. The woman is trying to take a forced position to alleviate the condition: on a healthy side, knee-elbow.

As the stone progresses, the condition may improve, but dull pain in the lower back remains. It should be noted that attacks of renal colic in pregnant women are more easily tolerated than in other patients. Perhaps this is due to the increased elasticity of tissues during the period of bearing a child.

Small stones depart almost asymptomatically and they are indicated only by traces of blood found in a general urine test. The passage of stones occurs mainly before 34 weeks, then the enlarged uterus compresses the ureters and the risk of renal colic increases.

If severe pain occurs, you should immediately call an ambulance or take the pregnant woman to the emergency room of the hospital. Although the attack of colic itself does not pose a threat to the life of the mother or fetus, pain and arousal can cause spontaneous abortion or premature birth, especially in the later stages.

Diagnostics

How to prevent urolithiasis?

Particular attention to prevention should be paid to people whose relatives suffer from urolithiasis. Since there is a high probability that the tendency to form stones is inherited.

Can kidney stones dissolve?

Drugs can dissolve:

• Urate stones;
• cystine stones;
• struvite stones;
• Phosphate stones.

• Small diameter - stones less than 4 mm dissolve well. A stone larger than 2 cm should preferably be crushed into smaller fragments by remote or contact endoscopic crushing.
• Sour urine reaction. Acid stones are looser and more susceptible to lysis.

Dissolution of urate stones. For dissolution are used:

Dissolution of cystine stones

• Thiopronin is a complexing agent that binds cystine. Provides dissolution of cystine stones. When taking it (800-1000 mg per day), it is necessary to consume a sufficient amount of liquid - 2.5-3 liters. The dose is divided into 2-3 parts, taken after meals.
• Penicillamine has a similar effect, but differs a large number side effects compared to thiopronin. Take 500 mg 4 times a day, one hour before meals. The last evening dose should be increased. Before going to bed, you need to take an additional 0.5 liters of water.
• Captopril binds cysteine ​​in the urine and removes it from the kidneys, preventing it from being converted to cystine. Gradually dissolves stones. Assign 20-50 mg 3 times a day, on an empty stomach.
• Drinking plenty of water normalizes the acidity of urine and reduces the concentration of salts.

• Lithostat (acetohydroxamic acid). Blocks urease, an enzyme produced by bacteria that is a component of struvite stones. Softens stones and causes them to be crushed and excreted in the urine. Take 250 mg 3-4 times a day.

• Methionine 500 mg 3-6 times a day increases the acidity of the urine.
• Ammonium chloride 70-300 mg 3 times a day orally after meals prevents precipitation in alkaline urine.
• Acetohydroxamic acid - 250 mg 3-4 times a day, after meals. Assign for the oxidation of urine with the ineffectiveness of methionine and ammonium chloride.
• Cranberry extract 2 tablets 3 times a day increases the acidity of the urine and promotes the dissolution of phosphates.

To dissolve stones, it is extremely important to follow a diet and avoid foods that increase stone formation.

• Types of kidney crystals

The most common reason urolithiasis called a metabolic disorder. Although the exact cause is still unknown. First, small formations appear, up to 3 mm, they are often called sand. If no action is taken to timely diagnosis and prevention, through certain time treatment of kidney stones with folk remedies or with the help of traditional medicine is required. If they are formed in the organs of the genitourinary system, urolithiasis is called urolithiasis. If directly in the kidneys, then they talk about kidney stones - nephrolithiasis.

Most often, foreign inclusions occur on the right side, this is due to the anatomical features of the body. But it is not so rare that they appear on both sides. Formations are detected in approximately 3% of the working population, they affect newborns and the elderly.

Causes of kidney crystals

Salts in a healthy body should be completely excreted in the urine. If one or another failure occurs - for example, associated with metabolic disorders - its crystals begin to stick together with each other, taking on bizarre shapes and sizes. Large are considered from 5 mm and more.

As a rule, the existing disease, its causes and the need for treatment are not thought about as long as the crystal remains motionless. When it starts to move, there is a sharp pain.

The most likely causes of kidney formations include:

• vitamin imbalance, lack of ultraviolet radiation, malnutrition.
• deviations in the work of the parathyroid glands, causing violation calcium metabolism;
• geographical factor - hot climate, insufficient water intake or too hard water;
• various pathologies of the genitourinary system, congenital anomalies that cause narrowing of the urinary tract, due to which the outflow of urine is difficult;
• various diseases - pyelonephritis, hydronephrosis, prolapse of the kidneys, inflammation of the bladder, prostate adenoma, prostatitis;
• sedentary work.

Often, kidney stones have a different nature, but in more than half of the cases their composition is mixed. They often end up in the bladder or ureter. Much is determined by the nature of nutrition and the age factor.

Types of kidney crystals

The most common and at the same time the most durable stones are calcium. They form in the vast majority of cases and are oxalate and phosphate.

calcium oxalate stones

- black or dark gray, when moving inside the body, they cause severe pain due to the surface equipped with sharp spikes. The mucosa is damaged and this causes blood in the urine. As a rule, it is necessary to perform their removal by an operation. Other methods of treatment can only get rid of oxalate sand.

A common cause of formation is excessive intake of oxalic acid from food. Regular consumption of large amounts of juices, carrots, beets, vitamin C causes their formation and growth.

Phosphate calcium stones

- gray in color and much softer than oxalates. Their surface is smooth or slightly rough. The reason for the appearance is the shift of metabolic processes to the alkaline side. As a rule, loose flakes appear in the urine.

If you treat kidney stones with folk remedies, you need to drink sour juices, cranberry or lingonberry. Or agree to crushing performed in a medical facility.

urate stones

are not detected by x-ray, they are detected only by urine analysis. They are composed of uric acid and have a smooth surface. A common cause of their appearance is gout or regular dehydration. Therefore, it is not very necessary to treat kidney stones with folk remedies in this case. It is quite enough to drink more water, as well as go on a diet, so that the urine becomes more alkaline.

struvite stones

are the result of the activity of bacteria that process urea. Crystals found in urine characteristic form, resembling a coffin lid and containing magnesium. They are more common in women. Since it is ineffective to treat kidney stones with folk remedies or with the help of drugs, one has to go for crushing with ultrasound or a “real” operation if the formation is large enough.

Cystine (protein) stones

- appear in the case of a hereditary anomaly of metabolic processes, while in the urine constantly high level cystine. They are smooth, flat and soft, and are rare. After determining the cause of the sand - hexagonal crystals - medication or surgery is prescribed.

Prevention of urolithiasis and kidney stones

Proper nutrition and drinking is essential:

• you need to drink enough clean water. Not juices - teas - compotes - sodas, but pure water, especially in summer, when it's hot outside;
• it is better to exclude salt from the diet;
• limit the use of spicy, sour and fatty foods;
• do not eat dry food;
• meals should become more frequent, but in smaller portions;
• prevention implies a mandatory increase in physical activity.

Symptoms of urolithasis and nephrolitasis

Symptoms may not show up until the crystals begin to move. If they have sharp protrusions, they begin to irritate the mucous membrane and cause inflammation. Often detected during routine medical examinations using ultrasound. Or when an attack of urolithiasis occurs.

The attack is preceded various symptoms. As a rule, the lower back begins to bother, the back hurts, the pain can radiate to the legs and even cause short-term lameness. There is a feeling of heaviness, it seems that you constantly have to carry something with you.

Painful symptoms may increase with physical activity or a rapid change in body position. To fall asleep, you have to pull your legs up to your stomach. When you straighten your legs at night, you have to wake up from pain.

A symptom of kidney disease is frequent visits to the toilet. Emptying the bladder is painful and is accompanied by a feeling that something is left in it. Blood may appear in the urine if the mucous membrane is injured.

A sign of urolithiasis is a change in the composition and color of urine. Urine can become darker not only because of the presence of blood clots in it. Often it becomes cloudy and changes its color due to a change in the chemical composition.

Diagnosis of urolithiasis and nephrolithiasis

An accurate diagnosis of kidney disease is required before treatment. It begins with laboratory tests of blood and urine. As a rule, a general urine test is mandatory. It is in the analyzes that there are more salts of one type or another. This allows you to diagnose the type of crystal.

Another popular diagnostic method is an ultrasound of the kidneys. The method does not require special training patient and allows you to detect the location of a solid mass.

If nothing can be found in the kidneys with the help of ultrasound, but there are suspicions of the presence of stones, a survey radiography is prescribed before treatment. The method requires bowel preparation - removal of toxins, the introduction of a cleansing enema. Calcium stones can be detected with this diagnostic method, although they are almost impossible to detect if they are from cystine.

Also applies excretory urography, while the patient is injected into the blood special composition, which penetrates the kidneys and "shows" their structure. Then the composition is completely excreted from the body. During the examination, the size and shape of the formations become clearly visible.

How to eat so that you do not need to treat kidney stones with folk remedies

The nutrition system for kidney disease is determined by the chemical composition of the identified sand or stones. To avoid strengthening the signs of the disease, it is necessary to help the body in every possible way by using foods that contribute to a quick cure. Obviously, the diet should not cause an increase in the size and number of formations. On the contrary, it should contribute to their gradual dissolution and removal from the body.

Diet in case of oxalate stones

Upon detection oxalates avoid eating foods high in oxalic acid. Even if kidney treatment is not required, but these products make up a significant part daily diet should limit their use. Oxalic acid is found in parsley, spinach, strawberries, chocolate, wheat bran, nuts, beets, tea and other products.

Diet for Phosphate Stones

should be aimed at acidifying urine. To do this, it is useful to drink more cranberry or lingonberry juice. The treatment of formations in the kidneys of this variety is facilitated by a meat diet, the intake of fish and meat protein in sufficient quantities. This should be the basis of nutrition. Greens, vegetables, milk and dairy products should be excluded.

Proper nutrition and urate stones

The diet should be aimed at limiting the consumption of meat, as well as by-products: liver, kidneys, brains, tongue, etc., various meat and fish broths, smoked meats, mushrooms, coffee, cocoa, chocolate.

It is useful to eat more fruits and vegetables: watermelons, melons, turnips, black currants. shown grape juice, strawberry, wild strawberry, wild rose, lemon.

Alternative treatment of kidney stones

Since it is possible to remove stones from the kidneys by accurately establishing their chemical composition and location using one or another diagnosis, you should not self-medicate without consulting a specialist. A popular remedy, chosen from general considerations, can be harmful, causing an exacerbation of urolithiasis. In especially dangerous to health cases of incorrect self-treatment may end in an emergency.

Treatment of oxalate kidney stones with folk remedies

• A watermelon diet helps many in the treatment. Within a week or two, you need to eat watermelons and some black bread. Best of all, sand is removed in the evening from 17 to 21 hours, when the daily peak of activity of the urinary system occurs. To facilitate the release of sand, it is useful to take a warm bath. Water relieves muscle spasm and dilates the urinary tract, making the procedure much easier.
• Since it is possible to get rid of small scalate stones with intensive work of the kidneys, it is useful to drink as much liquid as possible during the day. You can remove them with the help of grapes, young branches and mustaches of the plant. For treatment, you need to grind 1 tsp. grape branches collected in the spring, pour a glass of boiling water. Darken in a water bath or low heat for 2-3 minutes, insist and strain. Take a quarter cup four times a day.

Alternative treatment of phosphate kidney stones

• Infusions from the roots of plants growing on stony soils help to cope with phosphate stones. It could be rose hip, grape, knotweed, barberry, quarry femoris.
• You can treat kidney stones with folk remedies with a mixture of herbs: corn silk (2 parts), birch leaves (2 parts), juniper berries (1 part), snake knotweed root (1 part), burdock root (1 part), harrow root (1 part). One s.l of a mixture of herbs is brewed in a glass of boiling water and boiled for another 15 minutes. The infusion is taken one glass three times a day.
• From phosphate stones help tricolor violet, St. John's wort, knotweed, larkspur, dandelion roots. Herbs are mixed in equal proportions. Five tablespoons of the mixture is brewed with a liter of boiling water, infused. Treatment is performed by taking one glass of infusion three times a day.

How to treat urate stones with oats and herbs

• With the formation of urate stones, it is useful to be treated with oats. Namely, daily take the following folk remedy. Oat grains are taken in the husk, washed, poured into a thermos and poured with boiling water. After 10-12 hours, the oats should be rubbed through a fine sieve. The resulting slurry is for breakfast, it is better not to add salt and sugar.
• To treat kidney stones with folk remedies in case of excess uric acid, you can use a mixture of highlander herbs (1 part), currant leaves (2 parts), strawberry leaves (2 parts). Herbs are mixed, one tablespoon of the mixture is brewed with a glass of boiling water. After the infusion is filtered. Take 2 s.l. infusion an hour before meals 3-4 times a day.

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"Wait for the problem to resolve itself" method

Small stones of a rounded shape are able to leave the kidneys themselves. It usually takes 4 to 6 weeks. The main thing is that the stone is small enough and does not block the urinary tract. If the formations do not have sharp protrusions, as in uric acid calculi, then the process is accompanied by fairly tolerable pain. The main self-help for kidney stones is to drink enough water, and if you feel discomfort from their passage, take antispasmodic and pain medications.

Medical treatment

How to treat kidney stones with stone-dissolving drugs can be found in this article.

Other areas of therapy:

• elimination of an attack of renal colic;
• promoting the release of small stones;
• fight against relapse.

At home, you can relieve the pain when sand and larger formations are discharged with a warm bath or a heating pad along the ureter. An attack of renal colic is relieved with an injection of the antispasmodics Aropin or Platifillin, the pain syndrome is eliminated by Promedol, Morphine, Pantopol.

It is also effective to use novocaine blockade. In men, it is carried out by injecting a solution of novocaine into the thickness of the spermatic cord, and in women - into the round ligament of the uterus. They also relax the ureter by novocaine blockade of the lumbar region.

Essential oils, especially terpene derivatives, contribute to the expulsion of stones. The most commonly used drugs are Olimetin, Enatin. Their action is due to analgesic, antispasmodic and stimulating effect on the urinary tract. In addition to stimulating urodynamics, these drugs increase the content of protective colloids in the urine, which prevents new stone formation.

Physical Methods

In the case when the stones are quite large and it is impossible to ensure their dissolution and spontaneous exit, they are treated with the help of various devices and instruments.

There are different localizations of stones. The first is in the internal structures of the kidney and the second is in the ureter.

Treatment of stones in the ureters

They try to remove stones from the ureter using a ureteral catheter. There are several types of boats and methods of using them.

• The catheter is carried past the stone and vaseline oil or glycerin is poured above its location. This promotes the sliding of the calculus and enhances the peristalsis of the ureter. Often, when the catheter is removed, the stone easily comes out with it.
• They try to expand the ureter below the calculus. For this, a catheter with an inflatable balloon of the Durmashkin system is used, which creates the necessary clearance in the ureter.
• The stone is grasped with a looped Zeiss catheter and removed from the ureter.

kidney stone

The current methods for removing kidney stones can be arranged in the following order of preference:

• remote lithotripsy (shock wave);
• contact endoscopic lithotripsy (laser, compressed air or ultrasound);
• transurethral removal;
• percutaneous nephrolithotomy or nephrolithotripsy;
• laparoscopic removal;
• operations on an open organ.

External shock wave lithotripsy

Shock wave lithotripsy is a non-surgical technique that is used to treat kidney and ureter stones. The application of the shock wave is controlled using X-rays or ultrasound. The method is effective for crushing formations no larger than 2 cm in size. Cystine stones, some types of calcium oxalate and calcium phosphate are also poorly affected by it.

Description of the procedure

The patient is placed in a tub of water or a pillow filled with water is placed on the abdomen or on the lumbar side.

Before crushing, local anesthesia or sedation is possible so that the patient can calmly endure the procedure, which lasts up to an hour.

Stones are affected by focusing an acoustic wave on them, which propagates well in a liquid medium and does not damage body tissues.

A stent is inserted into the ureter through the bladder to keep the lumen open. This is necessary to release the crushed parts and prevent blockage of the ureter.

After the procedure, the patient will be asked to drink plenty of fluids, and filter the urine through a filter to collect the stones that have come out for analysis.

Although this method is considered very safe, it can still cause some side effects. For example, the appearance of blood in the urine for several days after the procedure. Pain and spasms from the passage of stone fragments through the ureter are also possible.

The method is effective in 50-70% of cases if the formations are in the kidneys and are small. The method is not entirely suitable for crushing stones in the ureters, since the shock wave is extinguished by the vertebrae or pelvic bones surrounding the ureter. For this purpose, it is better to choose another method. For example, ureteroscopy.

Contact laser lithotripsy

Removal of stones from the kidneys with a laser was tested back in the late nineties. But then the apparatus was very bulky and expensive. To date, contact laser removal of kidney stones is carried out using the thinnest beam - with a diameter of a horsehair, and the operation is called transurethral laser ureterolithotripsy.

The operation takes about an hour and is performed under general anesthesia. First, the attending physician guides the urinary tract guide flexible string to the stone. Then a ureteroscope with a camera and a very thin laser light guide at the end is inserted. Now, under visual control, the doctor begins to destroy the stones with a laser, and the broken pieces are sucked up by the device.

After the operation, a dilator is also installed in the ureter for the natural exit of dust and sand left after crushing.

The procedure carries a small risk of bleeding, since 1-2% of patients may have damage to the ureteral mucosa.

The recovery period is usually a day or two. Unfortunately, every third patient may have re-formation of calculi within ten years. To prevent this after surgery, it is imperative to adhere to a diet and drinking regimen.

The main indications for laser destruction are:

• large size of formations that are not amenable to shock wave therapy;
• stones are in the ureter.

Contraindications for this operation:

• pregnancy;
• infectious and inflammatory diseases of the urinary tract or its physical damage;
• bleeding of the renal nature;
• narrowing of the ureter over a large segment.

Ureteroscopy (transurethral excretion)

Ureteroscopy is used preferably for the treatment of stones located in the ureter. It consists of passing a very thin telescope (ureteroscope) through the bladder, to the ureter and kidney. Rigid telescopes are applicable in the lower part of the ureter near the bladder. Flexible telescopes are used for treatment in the upper ureters and kidneys.

The procedure is performed under general anesthesia for the comfort and safety of the patient. The ureteroscope allows the urologist to see the stone without making an incision. And the manipulator combined with the telescope captures it and brings it out. If the formation is too large to remove it entirely, then it must first be broken using a laser or other methods.

A temporary stent is also placed to allow the free flow of sand and stone fragments. The period of wearing a stent should not exceed 4-10 days, otherwise there is a risk of infection and loss of kidney function.

Percutaneous nephrolithotripsy

This type of treatment is the method of choice in the presence of large aggregates greater than 2 cm; coral stones; abnormal structure of the urinary canals; obesity in the patient.

The procedure is performed under general anesthesia. A conductor is inserted through an incision in the skin in the lumbar region under x-ray control, and then a special endoscopic apparatus, a nephroscope, is installed along it. By and large, this is a hard or soft tube with a lighting and video system. Through the internal channel of the nephroscope, a lithotripter can be inserted into the body cavity - the actual apparatus that removes stones from the kidneys with ultrasound, compressed air or a laser. Visually detecting a kidney stone, the doctor destroys it with a lithotripter, and the fragments are removed. In various clinical situations, it may be necessary to place a nephrostomy or a stent in the ureter. These devices provide a normal outflow of urine in the first time after surgery.

Of the complications, the infectious process deserves attention (prevented by taking antibiotics on the eve of the operation), possible mechanical damage to blood vessels and tissues. As with any crushing method, there may be remnants of stone fragments.

Contraindications are pregnancy and a violation of the blood coagulation system, and in other cases, percutaneous nephrolithotripsy is considered the gold standard of treatment.

Laparoscopic pyelolithotomy

The operation to remove stones from the kidneys is performed through small incisions into which a video system and manipulators (trocars) are installed. The technique of the procedure requires incisions in the parenchyma of the kidney and pelvis, which are sutured after removal of the stone. If necessary, a pelvic or ureteral stent is placed. The calculus is brought out through the openings of the trocar. The recovery period is longer than that of non-invasive methods - up to 4 days. But compared to surgery on an open organ, laparoscopy is less traumatic.

Kidney stones are removed laparoscopically in such cases:

• anomalies of the urinary system do not allow the use of endoscopic methods;
• severe degree of obesity.

Like all methods of removing stones from the kidneys, laparoscopy has contraindications for an infectious disease, a violation of blood clotting, an acute inflammatory process of the genitourinary system. As well as the presence of scarring from previous operations, which can prevent the installation of equipment in the right place in the abdominal cavity.

Surgical removal of stones

Surgery to remove kidney stones on an open organ is indicated only in a number of cases. Since it involves an incision in the parenchyma of the kidney, this negatively affects its condition and functionality. So, you can’t do without an operation if:

• The pain is too severe for the patient to wait for it to pass.
• The stone causes acute blockage of the pelvis. Anuria and urosepsis develop.
• Calculi cause recurrence of urinary infection. By provoking stagnation of urine, create conditions for chronic pyelonephritis and development of renal failure.
• The stone affects the function of the kidneys, triggers a change in the parenchyma.

The following cases are not subject to surgical intervention:

• Stones in the calyx. They have little effect on the functionality of the kidney, are often prone to relapse, but can also be spontaneously released first into the pelvis, and then into the ureter.
• Patients with a tendency to frequent discharge stones. They rationally operate only large stones that are incapable of independent discharge.
• Coral stones in one kidney. They are motionless, fill the pelvis and, in principle, the kidney remains relatively functional.

Principles of surgical treatment of stones

• With a combination of formations in the cups and the pelvis, the stone of the pelvis is removed first.
• Multiple stones in cups that cause severe pain are not rational to remove. It will be about the removal of the kidney.
• If both kidneys are affected, the operation is carried out in two stages. First, stones are removed from a less affected organ, and then, when it recovers, from a more affected one.
• The presence of stones in a single kidney and its ureter is an immediate indication for surgical intervention.

It should be remembered that even after successful treatment of kidney stones, recurrence may occur over time. To prevent it, you should follow a diet, adequate water load, regularly take a urine test and undergo an ultrasound examination or x-ray of the kidneys.

2pochki.com

Causes of urolithiasis - Why the kidneys hurt

1. Violation of water-salt metabolism
2. Violation acid-base balance(at healthy person slightly acidic urine, pH 5.8-6.2)
3. Food overloaded with minerals, hard water
4. Stagnation of urine
5. Infection in the kidneys, inflammation in the mucous membranes of the kidneys
6. Prolonged dehydration

Kidney stones - symptoms - How the kidneys hurt

Symptoms of urolithiasis depend on where the stones are located: in the kidneys, ureter or bladder
Symptoms at the location of kidney stones
1. Pain in the lower back, aggravated by shaking, physical activity
2. If the stone is in the kidney and blocks the outflow of urine from the renal pelvis, then the symptoms of urolithiasis can be: an attack of renal colic, nausea, vomiting, fever, cold sweat.

Symptoms when located in the ureter

1. Pain in the genital or groin area
2. Frequent urge to urinate

Symptoms of the location of stones in the bladder

1. Irritation and inflammation of the bladder mucosa
2. Painful and frequent urination
2. Bleeding, if the stones severely injure the mucosa.

What stones are in the kidneys with urolithiasis

urate stones formed in people with very acidic urine. They are hard and yellowish-brown in color. acidic environment they don't dissolve. Urates are absorbed at pH 6.2 and above, i.e., in an alkaline environment. Acidification of the body and the formation of urates occurs if the following foods are often found in the diet: meat, rich broths, eggs, sausages, fried, smoked, flour, coffee.

oxalate stones- the most common, found in 85% of the population. Oxalates have a gray-yellow color and a spike-like structure, easily injure the mucous membrane, therefore, with these stones, the kidneys hurt the most and the symptoms are more pronounced. They are formed from calcium oxalate with impaired metabolism of oxalic acid. Oxalates often affect adherents of a healthy lifestyle, because they occur in lovers of citrus juices, tomatoes, carrots, beets and vitamin complexes, especially ascorbic acid. This species is also formed in an acidic environment, at pH 5.3-5.7

Phosphate stones- this type is often found in older vegetarians. Their surface is smooth, the consistency is soft, the color is light gray. Phosphate stones occur when there is an excess excretion of calcium and phosphorus by the kidneys, which often occurs when the acid-base balance in the body shifts to the alkaline side, that is, at pH values ​​above 6.2. A symptom of phosphate kidney stones is whitish-loose flakes in the urine. Phosphates can be dissolved and removed from the kidneys with acidic mineral waters: Arzni, Sairme, Truskavets, cranberry or lingonberry fruit drinks. Phosphate kidney stones grow quickly, easily crushed

carbonate stones formed from calcium salts of carbonic acid. They are white in color, with a smooth surface, soft. This species is also formed in alkaline urine.

Other types of stones: cystine, xanthine, protein, cholesterol. They are quite rare

Prevention of urolithiasis
In order not to get sick with urolithiasis, you need to drink as much water as possible. 1.5 liters of water per day is enough only for basic metabolism, but not enough for filtering, washing the insides and removing toxins. It is advisable to consume 2.5 liters of water per day. To prevent kidney stones, you need to reduce the amount of fatty, fried, spicy and salty foods. You should try to avoid infectious diseases of the bladder and kidneys, and in case of illness, do not leave the disease untreated

Kidney stones - diet for urolithiasis - nutrition

Diet in urolithiasis plays a very important role in the treatment of kidney disease. The choice of diet depends on the type of stones and on the reasons that caused urolithiasis in a particular case. The diet for urolithiasis excludes from the patient's diet foods that cause the growth and formation of new kidney stones.
When treating kidneys with a diet, they take as a basis the fact that all stones are divided into two groups: alkaline (phosphates and carbonates) and acidic (urates and oxalates).

Diet for phosphate kidney stones
If phosphate stones have formed, then the urine has an alkaline reaction, it is necessary to acidify it. Many vegetables, fruits, milk give an alkaline reaction, so it is necessary to reduce their share in the diet and increase the consumption of meat, fish, flour products and vegetable oil, which acidify urine. In the diet for phosphate stones, acidic mineral waters, cranberry or lingonberry juice should be included.

Diet for carbonate stones
If urolithiasis is caused by carbonate stones, calcium-rich foods are limited in the diet: milk, kefir, cheese, yogurt, cottage cheese. The rest of the diet is similar to the phosphate diet.

Diet for urate kidney stones
If urolithiasis is caused by urate stones, then exclude products that contribute to the formation of uric acid in the body (liver, kidneys, meat broths). In nutrition, foods that contribute to acidification of the body are limited: meat, eggs, fish, vegetable oil. Such patients are recommended dishes that alkalize urine: potatoes, pumpkin, cucumbers, watermelons, cereals.

With urate stones, a watermelon diet is very effective: on the first day, eat 3 kg of watermelon and a loaf of black bread. This procedure will cleanse the intestines well. On the second day, repeat the procedure - this will reduce the size of kidney stones. Carry out a watermelon diet throughout the entire watermelon season - 2 days a week.
In the diet for urolithiasis with urate stones, it is necessary to include alkaline mineral waters: Naftusya, Essentuki No. 17 and No. 20, Borjomi, Slavyanovskaya

Diet for oxalate kidney stones
If oxalate stones have caused urolithiasis, then kidney treatment should be combined with limiting the use of foods rich in oxalic acid: spinach, sorrel, potatoes, lettuce, oranges and milk. The diet should include apples, pears, grapes, dried apricots, as well as dishes with a high content of magnesium, which binds salts of oxalic acid.

With all types of stones in the diet, you must adhere to the following recommendations:

1. Increase fluid intake to 2.5 liters per day
2. Regularly take diuretic herbal infusions
3. Do not overeat, avoid fatty, fried, smoked foods and excess salt in your diet

How to treat kidney stones - recipes of the newspaper "Bulletin of healthy lifestyle"

How to treat kidneys with oats

The man was diagnosed with urolithiasis. He bought a bucket of oats and drank oatmeal instead of water for 4 months. A year later, he again did an ultrasound scan and found neither sand nor kidney stones. (Healthy lifestyle 2009 No. 6 p. 33)

Another similar recipe The following folk recipe will help cure the kidneys from sand or stones: Grind in a coffee grinder unpeeled oats, take half a cup per 1 liter of water, boil for 5 minutes, let it brew for 5-6 hours. Drink a liter of decoction for three days. Sand will come out.

To consolidate the effect and remove the remaining sand, you need to drink the following infusion: bearberry and blueberry leaves, bean pods, knotweed, take in equal proportions. 1 st. l. mixture pour 0.5 liters of boiling water, leave for 1 hour, take 1/3 cup 3 times a day. Treat the kidneys with these herbs - 3-6 months (healthy lifestyle 2010 No. 8 p. 30)

How to treat kidneys with knotweed and other folk remedies

From conversations with Clara Doronina
To cleanse the kidneys of sand: 10 g of dry herb knotweed per 200 g of boiling water - insist overnight. Drink 50 g + 1 tsp. lemon juice 4 times a day before meals. Course 27 days. So that the sand does not injure the mucous membrane, after eating with an interval of an hour, drink 150 g of flaxseed jelly (1 tablespoon of flaxseed pour 0.5 liters of boiling water, cook for 10 minutes).

If the kidneys are no longer sand, but pebbles, at the first sign of illness, drink a decoction of knotweed for six months. Knotweed has a diuretic effect and removes potassium, calcium, magnesium from the body. Therefore, at the same time as taking it, use asparkam or panangin.

If the disease is already running, suffers from uric acid diathesis, the body works on the production of stones, attacks of their discharge more and more often, and have already given a disability of the second group, that is, a way to escape from this vicious circle. It is necessary to prepare 2 kg of dry knotweed grass, 5 kg of flaxseed, 40 tsp. film powder chicken stomachs(remove the film from raw stomachs, dry in a warm oven until crispy, grind), 2 packs of calamus root (100 g). From flax seeds make a flat pillow, sleep on it on your back for 2 months. Before starting kidney treatment with folk remedies, brew 50 g of calamus root with three liters of boiling water in two days, leave for a day.

One day before treatment: drink 30 g of infusion every two hours. The stool will become liquid - this is normal.
Treatment of kidney stones: on an empty stomach drink 30 g of infusion, then 1 tsp. powder from the films put in your mouth, drink calamus infusion. After half an hour, drink 170 g of knotweed infusion (2 tablespoons per 500 ml of boiling water), after another half an hour, take 15 drops of cystenal or urolesan. And two more times a day before meals, take an infusion of knotweed and cystenal in this sequence. The course of kidney treatment with folk remedies is 10 days. A break of 5 days, during these five days, take an infusion of calamus root, 30 g every 2 hours. Take four courses. (Healthy lifestyle 2004 No. 2 p. 19)

"Seven herbs - seven weeks" - treatment of the kidneys according to the method of Nekhaev V.I.

In folk remedies for the treatment of kidneys, herbs play an important role, without the use of herbs it is impossible to cure urolithiasis and modern medications. The following technique allows you to expel stones, reduce them in size and even completely dissolve.

The first week is bearberry. 1 st. l. bearberry is poured with 1 cup boiling water, boil in a water bath. 20 minutes. Drink 4 times a day for 50 g. In hot weather, increase the amount of decoction to 75 g per dose.
Second week - horsetail. Dosage, preparation and regimen are the same. Further, a new herb is used every week in succession: dill, parsley, lingonberry leaf, calendula petals, knotweed.
Against the background of this treatment, the volume of fluid drunk should be at least 1.5 liters, and in summer - 2.5 liters (HLS 2004 No. 14, p. 15)

How to treat kidneys with watermelons

In folk remedies for the treatment of kidney diseases, the watermelon treatment method is used with great success. This is a time tested recipe. Watermelons should be nitrate-free.

Before treatment with watermelons, it is advisable to cleanse the intestines for two weeks with enemas with lemon juice (2 liters boiled water temperature not higher than 18 degrees 1 tbsp. l. juice). Then proceed to treatment: instead of water - eat watermelon, instead of food - eat watermelon with brown bread. Follow this diet for two weeks. During this time, do not take any other food.

The results are wonderful. In most patients, stones come out, the kidneys are cleared of existing layers, wrinkles are smoothed out, excess weight is lost. (Healthy lifestyle 2004, No. 14, p. 15. From a conversation with the chief physician of the Moscow City clinical hospital No. 54 Nakhaev V.I.))

Folk treatment with rosehip root

A large kidney stone went down the ureter in a woman. She was taken to the hospital and prepared for surgery. The husband of this woman dug up rosehip roots, then made decoctions from it: 8 tbsp. l. root pour a liter of boiling water, boil for 15 minutes. The woman drank this decoction 6-8 times a day, 100 g each. She drank it for two days, on the third day a stone came out of the kidney, a week later another one - light and loose, 7 mm in size. A month later, hard stones of a dark red color came out. (2001 No. 20 pp. 17-18,)

narrecepti.ru

The process of stone formation and types of stones

The formation of kidney stones occurs as a result of a complex physicochemical process in violation of the colloidal balance and changes in the renal parenchyma.

Under certain conditions, a so-called elementary cell, a micelle, is formed from a group of molecules, which serves as the initial nucleus of the future calculus. The “building” material for the nucleus can be amorphous sediments, fibrin threads, bacteria, cellular detritus, foreign bodies present in the urine. Further development the process of stone formation depends on the concentration and ratio of salts in the urine, the pH of the urine, the qualitative and quantitative composition of the urinary colloids.

Most often, stone formation begins in the renal papillae. Initially, microliths form inside the collecting ducts, most of which do not stay in the kidneys and are freely washed out by urine. When it changes chemical properties urine (high concentration, pH shift, etc.), crystallization processes occur, leading to retention of microliths in the tubules and encrustation of papillae. In the future, the stone may continue to "grow" in the kidney or descend into the urinary tract.

By chemical composition There are several types of stones found in the kidneys - oxalate, phosphate, urate, carbonate, cystine, protein, cholesterol, xanthine. Oxalates are composed of calcium salts of oxalic acid. They have a dense structure black gray color, spiked uneven surface. Oxalate kidney stones can form in both acidic and alkaline urine.

Phosphates are calculi consisting of calcium salts of phosphoric acid. By consistency, they are soft, crumbling, with a smooth or slightly rough surface, whitish-grayish in color. Phosphate kidney stones are formed with alkaline urine, they grow quite quickly, especially in the presence of infection (pyelonephritis).

Urates are represented by crystals of salts of uric acid. Their structure is dense, the color is from light yellow to brick red, the surface is smooth or finely punctate. Urate kidney stones occur when the urine is acidic. Carbonate stones are formed during the precipitation of calcium salts of carbonic (carbonate) acid. They are soft, light, smooth, can have a different shape.

Cystine stones contain sulfur compounds of the amino acid cystine. Calculi have a softish consistency, smooth surface, rounded shape, yellowish-white color. Protein stones are formed mainly by fibrin with an admixture of bacteria and salts. These kidney stones are soft, flat, small in size, white in color. Cholesterol kidney stones are rare; formed from cholesterol, have a soft crumbling texture, black color.

Sometimes in the kidneys, stones are formed not of a homogeneous, but of a mixed composition. One of the most difficult variants of nephrolithiasis are staghorn kidney stones, which make up 3-5% of all calculi. Coral-like kidney stones grow in the pelvis and in appearance represent its cast, almost completely repeating the size and shape.

Reasons for the formation of kidney stones

Stone formation is based on the processes of crystallization of urine saturated with various salts and the deposition of crystals on the protein matrix-core. Kidney stone disease can develop in the presence of a number of concomitant factors.

Violation of mineral metabolism, leading to the formation of kidney stones, may be genetically determined. Therefore, people with a family history of nephrolithiasis are advised to pay attention to the prevention of stone formation, early detection calculi by monitoring the general analysis of urine, ultrasound of the kidneys and ultrasound of the bladder, observation by a urologist.

Acquired disorders of salt metabolism, leading to the formation of kidney stones, may be due to external (exogenous) and internal (endogenous) causes.

Among the external factors, the greatest importance is given to climatic conditions and the drinking regime and diet. It is known that in hot climates with increased sweating and a certain degree of dehydration of the body, the concentration of salts in the urine increases, which leads to the formation of kidney stones. Dehydration of the body can be caused by poisoning or an infectious disease that occurs with vomiting and diarrhea.

In the northern regions, the factors of stone formation can be a deficiency of vitamins A and D, a lack of ultraviolet radiation, the predominance of fish and meat in the diet. The use of drinking water with a high content of lime salts, food addiction to spicy, sour, salty also leads to alkalization or acidification of urine and precipitation from salts.

Among the internal factors contributing to the formation of kidney stones, in the first place, hyperfunction of the parathyroid glands is distinguished - hyperparathyroidism. The increased work of the parathyroid glands increases the content of phosphates in the urine and the leaching of calcium from the bone tissue. At the same time, the concentration of calcium phosphate salts in the urine increases significantly. Similar violations of mineral metabolism can occur with osteoporosis, osteomyelitis, bone fractures, spinal injuries, spinal cord injuries, accompanied by prolonged immobility of the patient, bone thinning, impaired urinary tract emptying dynamics.

Endogenous factors in the formation of kidney stones also include diseases of the gastrointestinal tract - gastritis, peptic ulcer, colitis, leading to acid-base imbalance, increased excretion of calcium salts, weakening of the barrier functions of the liver and changes in the composition of urine.

In the pathogenesis of the formation of kidney stones, a well-known role belongs to unfavorable local conditions in urinary tract- infections (pyelonephritis, nephrotuberculosis, cystitis, urethritis), prostatitis, kidney anomalies, hydronephrosis, prostate adenoma, diverticulitis and other pathological processes that disrupt the passage of urine.

Slowing down the outflow of urine from the kidney causes stagnation in the pyelocaliceal system, oversaturation of urine with various salts and their precipitation, delay in the excretion of sand and microliths with urine. In turn, the infectious process that develops against the background of urostasis leads to the ingress of inflammatory substrates into the urine - bacteria, mucus, pus, and protein. These substances are involved in the formation of the primary nucleus of the future calculus, around which salts crystallize, which are present in excess in the urine.

Symptoms of kidney stones

Depending on their size, number and composition, kidney stones can cause symptoms of varying severity. A typical clinic of nephrolithiasis includes back pain, the development of renal colic, hematuria, pyuria, and sometimes independent excretion of a stone from the kidney with urine.

Pain in the lower back develops as a result of a violation of the outflow of urine, can be aching, dull, and with an abrupt onset of urostasis, with blockage of the pelvis of the kidney or ureter by a stone, progress to renal colic. Coral-like kidney stones are usually accompanied by a mild dull pain, while small and dense ones give a sharp paroxysmal pain.

A typical attack of renal colic is accompanied by sudden sharp pains in the lumbar region, spreading along the ureter to the perineum and genitals. Reflexively, against the background of renal colic, frequent painful urination, nausea and vomiting, and flatulence occur. The patient is agitated, restless, cannot find a posture that alleviates the condition. The pain attack in renal colic is so pronounced that it is often stopped only by the introduction of narcotic drugs. Sometimes with renal colic develops oliguria and anuria, fever.

At the end of an attack of renal colic, sand and stones from the kidneys often leave with urine. When passing stones, they can injure the urinary tract mucosa, causing hematuria. More often, mucosal damage is caused by pointed oxalate calculi. With kidney stones, the intensity of hematuria can be different - from slight erythrocyturia to severe gross hematuria. The excretion of pus in the urine (pyuria) develops when there is inflammation in the kidneys and urinary tract.

The presence of kidney stones is not symptomatic in 13-15% of patients. In this case, as a rule, pyelonephritis and morphological changes in the kidneys are absent.

Diagnosis of kidney stones

Recognition of kidney stones is made on the basis of anamnesis, a typical picture of renal colic, laboratory and instrumental imaging studies.

At the height of renal colic is determined sharp pain on the side of the affected kidney, a positive symptom of Pasternatsky, pain on palpation of the corresponding kidney and ureter. Urinalysis after an attack reveals the presence of fresh red blood cells, white blood cells, protein, salts, bacteria. A biochemical study of urine and blood to a certain extent allows us to judge the composition and causes of the formation of kidney stones.

Right-sided renal colic must be differentiated from appendicitis, acute cholecystitis, and therefore an abdominal ultrasound may be required. With the help of ultrasound of the kidneys, anatomical changes in the organ, the presence, localization and movement of stones are evaluated.

The leading method for detecting kidney stones is x-ray diagnostics. Most of calculus is already determined during survey urography. However, protein and uric acid (urate) kidney stones do not block rays and do not give shadows on survey urograms. They are subject to detection using excretory urography and pyelography. In addition, excretory urography provides information on morphological and functional changes in the kidneys and urinary tract, localization of stones (pelvis, calyx, ureter), shape and size of kidney stones. If necessary, the urological examination is supplemented by radioisotope nephroscintigraphy, MRI or CT of the kidneys.

Treatment of kidney stones

Treatment of nephrolithiasis can be conservative or operative and in all cases is aimed at removing stones from the kidneys, eliminating the infection and preventing the recurrence of stones.

With small kidney stones (up to 3 mm), which can be removed independently, an abundant water load and a diet that excludes meat and offal is prescribed. With urate stones, a milk-vegetable diet is recommended, alkalizing urine, alkaline mineral waters (Borjomi, Essentuki); with phosphate stones - intake of acidic mineral waters (Kislovodsk, Zheleznovodsk, Truskavets), etc. Additionally, under the supervision of a nephrologist, they can be used medications, dissolving kidney stones, diuretics, antibiotics, nitrofurans, antispasmodics.

With the development of renal colic, therapeutic measures are aimed at removing obstruction and pain attack. For this purpose, injections of platifillin, metamizole sodium, morphine or combined analgesics in combination with atropine solution are used; a warm sitz bath is performed, a heating pad is applied to the lumbar region. With non-stopping renal colic, a novocaine blockade of the spermatic cord (in men) or a round ligament of the uterus (in women), catheterization of the ureter or dissection of the mouth of the ureter (if the calculus is infringed) is required.

Surgical removal of stones from the kidneys is indicated for frequent renal colic, secondary pyelonephritis, large stones, ureteral strictures, hydronephrosis, blockade of the kidney, threatening hematuria, single kidney stones, staghorn stones.

In practice, with nephrolithiasis, a non-invasive method is often used - remote lithotripsy, which allows you to avoid any intervention in the body and remove fragments of stones from the kidneys through the urinary tract. In some cases, an alternative to open surgery is a high-tech procedure - percutaneous (percutaneous) nephrolithotripsy with lithoextraction.

Open or laparoscopic interventions to remove stones from the kidneys - pyelolithotomy (dissection of the pelvis) and nephrolithotomy (dissection of the parenchyma) are resorted to in case of ineffectiveness of minimally invasive surgery. With a complicated course of nephrolithiasis and loss of kidney function, nephrectomy is indicated.

www.krasotaimedicina.ru

This phenomenon in medicine is called urolithiasis or "nephrolithiasis". Kidney stones can develop in men, women and children, the signs and symptoms of pathology are the same for them, the disease requires treatment and is extremely rare without complications. Stones are formed not only in the kidneys, they can appear in any organ of the human urinary system.

What is nephrolithiasis

This diagnosis is made when a doctor diagnoses nephrolithiasis - crystalline hard deposits or simply "stones". They are formed, as a rule, in the calyx, pelvis, sometimes in the parenchyma of the kidney. Nephrolithiasis is more often diagnosed in men, in children and women it is found much less frequently. At risk are people aged 25-50 years.

Cause of kidney stones

There are no absolute conditions under which nephrolithiasis develops. Kidney stones are the result of a combination of unfavorable circumstances for the human body. Doctors identify the following circumstances that can provoke the development of the disease:

• hereditary predisposition;
• eating salty, hard water;
• excessive consumption of spicy, salty, spicy and sour foods in food, they increase the acidity of urine;
• lack of vitamins;
• lack of ultraviolet rays;
• urinary infections;
• violation of the functioning of the parathyroid glands;
• prolonged dehydration of the body due to infectious diseases, poisoning;
• geographical factor, for example, in hot countries, pathology is diagnosed more often;
• diseases and injuries skeletal system, among the provoking factors, osteomyelitis, osteoporosis are distinguished;
• diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, organs of the genitourinary system chronic type: colitis, peptic ulcer, gastritis, cystitis, pyelonephritis, adenoma.

Stones can form in any part of the genitourinary system, and not only in the kidneys, they can have different sizes and differ in composition depending on the reason for their formation. Stones are divided into the following types:

1. Phosphate stones - are formed from salts of phosphoric acid. Often found in urinary tract infections, growing rapidly in alkaline urine.
2. Cholesterol. Formed with a high cholesterol content, but are very rare.
3. Oxalate. The reason is the high content of calcium oxalic acid, if the urine is acidic or alkaline.
4. Urate. One of the most common types of calculi, formed from uric acid salts.
5. Cystine. Formed from compounds of amino acids cystine.

How fast they grow

The growth rate in the kidney stones is affected by their type, which were described above. Some of them are formed for a month, others accumulate their mass over the course of years. If a person does not exclude the negative factors that caused the growth of formations in the kidneys, they will appear regularly and grow rapidly. If there are prerequisites for the fact that you will form stones, you should regularly undergo diagnostics, because small stones are much easier to remove.

Symptoms

The disease can occur both in a child and in an adult. Pathology is more common in the stronger sex, but the signs of the presence are the same in all people. Symptoms of the disease in women are manifested to a greater extent due to the structural features of the body. A person will not feel any manifestations of pathology until the stone begins to move. At the beginning of the release of the calculus, the patient experiences severe, severe pain. The main manifestations of pathology include the following signs:

• lower abdominal pain;
• stitching, sharp pains in the side or lower back, in the region of the kidney, which is called renal colic;
• bouts of vomiting, nausea;
• frequent urge to urinate;
• increase in body temperature;
• urinary retention;
• discharge of sand or pebbles in the urine;
• cold sweat;
• increase in pressure;
• flatulence of the intestine;
• irradiation renal pain, which radiates to neighboring organs;
• burning, pain when urinating.

Attacks of renal colic are the main symptom of pathology. It occurs when there is an obstruction of the ureter of the stone during the advancement, it is felt as a sudden cramping pain. Unpleasant sensations are provoked increased peristalsis spasm of the urinary tract. When interviewed, patients talk about severe pain, which makes a person look for a comfortable position, walk from corner to corner. Often after attacks, sand is excreted along with urine, the duration of the attack is 1-2 hours.

Diagnostics

The treatment regimen for kidney stones in women and men depends on the diagnosis. In medicine, the following methods are used to determine the type of neoplasm:

• Ultrasound of the affected organ;
• urography (excretory or survey);
• laboratory research blood, urine;

If these methods did not help to accurately determine the type of stones, then the following diagnostic procedures may be prescribed to the patient in addition:

• nephroscintigraphy - determines the degree of functional disorders in the kidneys;
• CT multispiral type - this method helps to determine the type of neoplasm, its size;
• antibiotic sensitivity test - determines the degree of inflammation of the urinary tract.

Before laboratory and diagnostic procedures be sure to collect an anamnesis, interview the patient. The doctor will try to identify the causes that caused the development of the disease and the appearance of stones. This is a basic diagnosis that helps to determine the likely root causes of pathologies and, based on them, select the best course of treatment or prescribe prompt removal stones.

Treatment of kidney stones

In some cases, if the size of the formation and its individual characteristics, the structure of the human urinary system, the variant of independent discharge of the calculus is possible. If the stone is less than 5 mm, then in 70-80% of cases they come out of the kidney on their own, if the size is 5-10 mm, then the probability is 20-45%. Sometimes anomalies in the structure of the human genitourinary system, for example, narrowing, can lead to blockage of the ureter. Because of this, the calculus itself will not be able to come out and treatment is required. Lesions larger than 10 mm often require surgical removal.

For any type of nephrolithiasis, the patient is prescribed diuretics, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, stone expelling, antispasmodic drugs. Conservative treatment includes the following areas:

• correction of electrolyte, water balance;
• diet therapy;
• drug therapy;
• physiotherapy;
• physiotherapy;
• phytotherapy;
• sanitary-resort, balneological treatment.

Surgical method

Use as a treatment for neoplasms in the kidneys depends on the size, position of the calculus. They analyze the activity of the infection, the state of the urinary tract, the complexion of the patient, the doctor can rely on individual factors and his own experience. There are two main types of surgery:

1. Open operation. most reliable and old method, but it is highly traumatic and therefore considered dangerous. With the help of an incision in the kidney or bladder, the stone is removed mechanically. Such surgery is prescribed if it is impossible to use the endoscopic technique or ESWL.
2. endourethral technique. Endoscopic equipment is inserted into the renal pelvis through the urethra, and a puncture in the skin can also be used. Bring the device to the stone, remove it or destroy it (crushing stones) by one of the methods: laser beam, contact ultrasonic wave, mechanically.

Before the appointment of surgical removal, the patient should drink drugs that improve blood microcirculation, antioxidants, antibiotics. If there is a blockage of the ureter with a stone, then therapy begins with the removal of urine from the kidney. This procedure is considered surgical intervention, carry it out under local anesthesia, there is a risk of significant blood loss, complications.

Preparations

If coral-like stones have formed inside the kidneys, which are a consequence of an infectious pathology, a course is definitely needed. antimicrobials to kill the pathogen. To combat stones, drugs are used, as a rule, based on herbs, which slow down the growth of the stone, contribute to the dissolution, removal of neoplasms from the organ. Doctors prescribe the following medications:

1. Cyston. This is a herbal preparation of complex action, it is prescribed for any type of pathology.
2. Kanefron N. A complex herbal medicine, it is most effective for calcium oxalate and urate calculi.
3. Phytolysin, Phytolyte. A product based on herbal extracts, helps to remove small stones, prevents the growth of existing ones, and prevents the formation of new ones.
4. Uralit U, Blemarin. A medication is used to alkalinize urine, dissolve the neoplasm.

Diet

One of common cause the appearance of stones in the kidney is malnutrition, poor-quality water and food. If scaling stones were diagnosed in the urology department, then therapy should be combined with a proper diet. The following rules should be adhered to:

1. It is necessary to exclude from the diet all foods that contain a lot of oxalic acid: milk, oranges, lettuce, sorrel, spinach, potatoes, oranges.
2. You should add more dried apricots, grapes, pears, apples and dishes that contain a lot of magnesium (it binds oxalic acid).

If phosphate stones were found in the kidneys, then the diet is aimed at acidifying the urine. To do this, you must adhere to the following rules:

1. It is recommended to drink more lingonberry, cranberry juice.
2. For the treatment of this type of formations, a meat diet, a large amount of meat, fish protein is well suited. Such products should become the basis of the menu.
3. Milk, vegetables, herbs, dairy products should be completely excluded.

Urate neoplasms require the exclusion and diet of any meat products, smoked, spicy, chocolate, lemons. You need to consume more vegetable juices, fruits, watermelons and melons will especially help. When treating any type of stones, you should strictly monitor your drinking diet, you need to drink at least 2 liters of fluid per day (water should not be hard). There are a number of general recommendations for the appearance of symptoms of urolithiasis:

• avoid in the diet of fatty foods, fried and smoked foods, with excess salt;
• should be taken, if necessary, infusions of herbs;
• drink about 2.5 liters of water per day (not coffee, tea, etc.);
• it is better to give up alcohol.

Folk remedies

At home, in addition to medicines, you can use herbal infusions and decoctions. Folk remedies for kidney stones are often used in therapy along with medicinal medicines. It is better to coordinate the reception first with the attending physician. You can use the following recipes:

1. Rosehip root is well suited for remote crushing. It is necessary to take dry, crushed raw materials 35 g, pour 2 cups of boiling water and leave in a water bath for 15 minutes. Remove from the oven and wrap the product for 6 hours. Then the broth must be filtered and taken in half a second. 4 times a day 30 minutes before meals. The action of this remedy is strong, so you can not take more than 4 weeks. Before use, you should consult a doctor or phytotherapeutist.
2. With urates and oxalates, you can make the following infusion. Take 200 ml of olive oil, vodka, honey, lemon juice and mix everything thoroughly. Put the mixture for 2 weeks in a cool, dark place, tightly close the container. You need to drink it in 1 tbsp. l. per day for 2 weeks, then you need a break of 5 days and repeat the course again.
3. Take 10 lemons and pass them through a meat grinder, separate the seeds and peel first. Fold the resulting mass into a 3-liter jar, add 2 tbsp. l. medical glycerin and pour 2 liters of boiled water. Let stand for half an hour and strain. You need to drink the entire bottle in 2 hours with an interval of 10 minutes between servings. Next, put a warm heating pad on the diseased kidney, you will feel an increase in pain (sand will begin to come out). For each preparation, you need to prepare fresh lemon juice, because it quickly loses its properties.
4. You can prepare a decoction for watermelon rinds. You can take as raw materials only berries that have grown on the home plot, cultivated varieties are grown on a large amount of nitrates, and this is harmful for such a disease. Watermelon peels need to be dried in an electric dryer or oven, it is better to cut them into pieces. Then you need to fill them with water and boil over low heat for about an hour. Filter the decoction and take 3-5 times a day before meals, 1 cup.

How do kidney stones come out

Sometimes cleansing occurs on its own, along with the outflow of urine, the calculi pass through the genitourinary system. This movement causes pain, colic is accompanied by sharp attacks that frighten a person. If a person is diagnosed with kidney stones, then you should be aware of the symptoms that accompany independent exit stone. You can understand that he began to leave by the following signs:

1. There is a cramping sharp pain from the side of the diseased kidney, then it moves to the inguinal region. When the stone moves, then unpleasant sensations appear in the thigh, groin.
2. The most severe pain occurs if the calculus is stuck in the ureter. With renal colic, the intervention of doctors is required.
3. Blood impurities appear in the urine, it becomes cloudy, urination becomes frequent, because the ducts are blocked by a neoplasm and it is not possible to remove all the urine at a time.
4. Renal colic provokes the development of symptoms of a gastrointestinal disorder: it worsens sharply general state, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting.
5. There is a strong increase in body temperature if the stone blocked 2/3 of the ducts.
6. With nephrolithiasis, an increase in pressure can be observed, relieve antihypertensive drugs its very hard.

Prevention

The appearance of neoplasms in the genitourinary system is a multifaceted, complex process, therefore, for each patient, preventive measures are selected individually. There is a list of recommended actions that will reduce the likelihood of KSD and the development of complications of urolithiasis.

1. Drink at least 2 liters of fluid daily to maintain adequate diuresis.
2. Maintaining optimal salt and acid parameters of urine. Urine should have a normal pH around 6.0. If a person has a normal or alkaline pH, you need to add more acidic foods to the diet: natural coffee, Coca-Cola, legumes, fish, meat.
3. To prevent urolithiasis, you need to follow a diet, nutrition should be complete, you should not get hung up on one type of food.

Video

Treatment of kidney stones with folk remedies is an excellent method of additional impact on the disease.

The use of recipes and recommendations of traditional medicine allows you to speed up treatment, restore metabolism and reduce the risk of recurrence. For recovery, it is necessary to use decoctions, juices, there are also methods of treatment with water and others.

The mechanism of development of such an ailment of the urinary system as nephrolithiasis is as follows: due to various violations in the body, salts that were previously excreted with urine interact with dead epithelial cells, leukocytes and various microorganisms, as a result of which they turn into sand and later into stones.

Treatment of kidney stones with folk remedies is aimed at dissolving and painlessly removing them from the body.

The reasons

Since the kidneys are a universal body filter that traps harmful and toxic substances, the appearance of kidney stones is traditionally associated with the following reasons:

• metabolic disease;
• malnutrition or refusal of the necessary diet: eating foods that contain trans fats, dangerous dyes or flavor substitutes;
• violations of the urinary system due to injuries;
• lack of vitamin A in the body;
• viral or bacterial infection;
• alcohol abuse;
• excess calcium in the body;
• violation of the metabolism of uric acid;
• the use of low-quality water;
• genetic predisposition;
• prolonged use of certain drugs;
• dehydration;
• the presence of tumors;
• thyroid disease, in particular hyperparathyroidism.

Diagnosis plays a paramount role in choosing a method for getting rid of kidney stones in each case. It is important to determine the causes of the appearance of stones and assess the general condition of the body. The stone may appear due to malfunctions in other internal organs or the negative impact of your lifestyle and diet.

Symptoms of urolithiasis

The following symptoms indicate the appearance and movement of kidney stones:

• sharp pain in the kidneys and lower back, which makes the patient look for a more comfortable position to reduce it;
• pain can spread to the groin and to the genital area;
• frequent urination;
• temperature rise;
• vomit;
• general weakness;
• insomnia.

All of these symptoms are typical for this disease, however, they manifest themselves individually: it is possible that pain will appear in another area or temperature and there will be no vomiting in principle, since the body can suppress these manifestations.

Traditional Treatments

In case of kidney disease or if it is suspected, the doctor prescribes the following examinations for proper diagnosis:

• urine analysis;
• biochemical blood test;
• ultrasound examination of the kidneys;
• tomography of the urinary system;
• excretory radiopaque urography.

If small stones are present in the kidneys, a urine test will show the presence of desquamated renal epithelial cells, red blood cells and, accordingly, sand, which is a sure sign of this disease.

How to treat kidney stones with medication? The list of medicines is prescribed by the doctor and only after the patient has undergone a complete diagnosis. It is also recommended to discuss with him ways of treating kidney stones with folk remedies. Removal of stones is a long and serious procedure that consists of several stages and does not end with taking pills or taking a warm bath.

Independent attempts to cure the disease without a diagnosis or doctor's recommendations, in particular, taking mineral water in large volumes so that the stone comes out naturally, can lead to blockage of the urinary tract and sad consequences.

Traditionally, analgesics and antispasmodics are prescribed for this disease.

Treatment methods:

• taking medications;
• ultrasound for grinding crystals;
• laser therapy;
• surgical intervention.

If there is renal colic, you should immediately consult a doctor or call an ambulance. To relieve some pain and relax, you can take a hot bath for 15 minutes, and then relax in a warm bed.

Folk remedies for the treatment and prevention of kidney stones

Folk remedies for kidney stones are used in several cases:

• when additional influence on the disease is needed in combination with traditional methods;
• when medical treatment does not help;
• when the patient does not want to take pills;
• to prevent recurrence of the disease;
• at the first symptoms of the disease to prevent its development.

The main methods of treating kidney stones with folk remedies include the following:

• inclusion in the diet of natural juices;
• drinking herbal tea;
• taking baths with special infusions.

Herbal tea is considered the simplest and most effective way. You can drink plain tea with honey or ordinary water with honey, because honey is great for helping with urolithiasis.

There are a wide variety of recipes for making teas and decoctions among the people, so everyone can try to cook their own, taking into account taste preferences and the presence of one or another collection of herbs at home.

It is important to visit a doctor before using infusions!

Decoctions and infusions

When the first symptoms of the disease appear, start tea treatment with different herbs or milk. This is the easiest and cheapest way. Tea does not need to be steeped for a long time, and preparation does not take much time. You can drink both black tea and green tea.

To prevent illness, you can drink warm honey water. To do this, in the morning you need to dissolve one teaspoon of dark honey in a glass of warm water, but not in boiling water, and drink on an empty stomach before meals.

Systematic intake of herbs

The course of treatment with a decoction is more thorough, and therefore will take more time. Be careful if you have a stone larger than 10 mm, under the influence of decoctions, the stones will dissolve and slowly move towards the exit along the ureter. The movement of the stones is very painful.

For treatment in the first week, drink decoctions of herbs, which are considered diuretic. They are gentle but effective on the body. These include herbs such as wild rose, knotweed, St. John's wort, fennel, corn stigmas and others.

To prepare the body for the main stage of the fight against the disease, drink natural juices from fresh fruits and vegetables. Do not abuse beetroot drinks: undissolved stones will begin to move and you will feel unbearable pain. In addition, it is very dangerous for health.

In the second week, add 5 drops to your natural juices 3 times a day fir oil. As the stones begin to dissolve, your urine will become cloudy. If this happened, then you are on the right track. Dissolution begins around the 3rd or 4th day after adding the oil to drinks. The duration of the second stage is 7 days.

Then take a break for 1 or 2 weeks and take a break from juices and oils. If the disease has not receded, repeat the course again.

half fell

Pol-pala grass has long been used as a diuretic and for the removal of kidney stones.

The procedure for preparing a decoction of half-pala:

1. a tablespoon of collecting grass is poured into a large container for infusion;
2. the collection is poured into a glass hot water;
3. the mixture is put on fire, after boiling, the cooking time is 5 minutes;
4. the broth is insisted for several hours;
5. the infusion is filtered with gauze folded in several layers.

Drink a decoction should be a quarter or half a glass three times a day 20 minutes before meals. The drink can be stored for no more than 2 days, after which the remaining one must be poured out and a new one prepared for consumption.

The collection of half-pala is used to restore the water-salt balance, remove inflammatory process(this is primarily a diuretic, and bacteria are excreted from the body along with urine), strengthening immunity, normalizing metabolic processes, cleansing the body of toxins and other harmful substances.

sunflower root

A decoction of sunflower root helps to gently, layer by layer, dissolve formations in the kidneys and remove them from the body. Removes only urate and oxalate stones. The product is not suitable for patients with phosphate kidney stones.

Sunflower decoction recipe:

1. crush the root of the plant into small pieces and pour 3 liters of water;
2. boil no more than 10 minutes;
3. it is not necessary to infuse the drink.

The decoction is taken instead of water for about 3 days. After that, you need to prepare a new one. The course of treatment should be a month.

Another sunflower decoction recipe:

1. put the crushed root of the plant into a 5-liter clean enamel pan;
2. pour the root with plenty of water;
3. cook the mixture for about 5 minutes after boiling;
4. infuse the remedy for 8-10 hours.

Use the infusion should be 0.5 liters three times a day. The previously used crushed root can be used again to prepare a decoction. It is necessary to store the boiled root at a temperature not exceeding +5 degrees. The root is boiled again for 10 minutes.

The course of sunflower treatment is 24 or 36 days. For the next 180 days, a break in treatment with this remedy is mandatory.

rosehip root

Rosehip has long been used to combat cystitis, nephrolithiasis, urethritis and stones in gallbladder. Due to the high content of vitamins and other useful substances, rosehip has an antibacterial, choleretic and anti-inflammatory effect on the body. Rosehip root is also used in the preparation of remedies that restore water-salt balance and improve immunity.

The procedure for preparing the product:

1. 2 tablespoons of crushed root pour a glass of water;
2. boil for 25 minutes;
3. insist 60 minutes.

After infusion, the drink should darken. It is taken 3 times a day before meals for 1/3 cup for 2 weeks. After the body will need a pause in treatment for 30 days.

The drink is drunk through a straw in order to have less impact on the enamel of the teeth. If nausea occurs, the serving can be reduced to 2 teaspoons. If nausea no longer bothers, the portion can be increased again to the indicated rate.

You can use herbal collection 81, since, in addition to rose hips, it also includes other herbs that have a complex effect on the patient's body.

Juices

From nephrolithiasis, freshly squeezed juice of vegetables and fruits helps well. You can make a drink from several ingredients or from one, the effect will be slightly different, but both will definitely help from the stones.

Beetroot juice is an excellent folk remedy, which is important to prepare correctly so as not to harm, but to help your body. After squeezing the beets, the juice should be infused for 2 hours. Take it at one time with several sips.

Beetroot juice can be mixed with cucumber and carrot juice so that the beetroot juice is 1/4 if you drink this drink for the first time. It is important not to drink more than 1 glass at a time. The course of treatment with beetroot juice is 14 days. After that, a break of the same duration is required.

If the body does not tolerate the vegetable, beetroot juice can be added to juice from other vegetables, but so that the beets feel as small as possible.

You can take lemon juice to alkalize your urine. The method of its preparation is as follows: squeeze 100 ml of juice into 2 liters of water and take the drink during the day 30 minutes before meals. You can squeeze one lemon into the water you drink throughout the day just before drinking it.

Cranberry juice can be an excellent tool for prevention or an addition to the fight against the disease. It is believed that for effective treatment it is necessary to drink at least 1 liter per day.

The duration of the course of juice therapy depends on the size and type of stones.

Other means

If there is no desire to prepare decoctions, and juices do not inspire confidence in you, you can use other folk methods for treating kidney stones.

Bath or bath

When the first signs of illness appear, you can take a bath or go to the bathhouse, but you should rest there only in lying position. It is recommended to take a bath with a decoction of Chernobyl. A handful of herbs must be boiled in a liter of water for 5 minutes and infused for about 3 hours, then added to a bath of warm water. Thanks to a warm bath, the urinary tract expands, and the removal of sand is less painful.

watermelon diet

Kidney stones are easier to remove in women if you combine water procedures with other methods, for example, with a watermelon diet. To do this, within 5-8 days you need to eat only watermelon pulp. In the evening, when the urinary system works more intensively, you should increase the consumption of watermelon pulp and take a warm bath to facilitate the passage of sand and dissolved stones.

If this is not the first time you have been using a watermelon diet, its duration can be increased to 14 days.

After 5-7 days of the diet, sand will come out with urine.

Dill infusion

Dill seeds in the amount of 1 teaspoon pour a glass of boiling water. The agent is infused for 20 minutes and filtered through gauze folded in several layers. You need to take the remedy once a day for 1 glass.

tangerines

To dissolve the crystals of kidney salts, you need to eat at least 1 kg of tangerines daily for 7 days. After a break is made for the same number of days, and the course is repeated.

Immortelle and knotweed

A decoction of these herbs can be taken without restriction, it is advisable to eat turnips.

It's important to know

Before proceeding with the treatment of an ailment with folk remedies, it is necessary to choose a good attending physician who can correctly diagnose your illness and advise you on the desired, rather than traditional, treatment.

After consulting with your doctor, you must take necessary tests to find out what type the stones found in you are, what size they are and whether folk methods can be used to treat them.

Folk remedies are applicable only during the period of remission!

Improper treatment can set in motion undissolved stones in the body, leading to ureter closure, renal hydronephrosis, and other negative consequences.

It is very important that the size of the stone does not exceed 10 mm, since large formations cannot be painlessly removed with decoctions, juice or a bath.

Familiarize yourself with all the contraindications to a particular collection of herbs, as many of them should not be used by allergy sufferers, pregnant or lactating women. Otherwise, having cured urolithiasis, you run the risk of becoming the owner of another, possibly more serious illness.

Do not collect herbs yourself. Collecting the wrong herbs or storing them incorrectly will not help you recover from said ailment.

In the presence of prostate adenoma, nephrosis or nephritis, treatment with traditional medicine is unacceptable.

To achieve a good result, you must strictly follow the recipe and instructions on the package with the collection of herbs.

Stones and sand in the kidneys are formed during a disease of the urinary system - nephrolithiasis, when there is a large amount of calcium oxalates in the body, which precipitate, having combined with calcium ions. Oxalates are the most dangerous types of stones for health, the most common are hard crystal-like formations from calculi (salts). Let us consider in more detail why kidney stones appear, treatment with folk remedies and traditional medicine, and disease prevention.

In addition to oxalates, phosphates and urates (salts of uric acid) can be formed in the kidneys, which are much softer and safer. Stones differ not only in chemical composition, but also in size (from a millimeter to 10 cm), as well as in shape. Stones can become lodged in the ureter or end up in the bladder.

Despite the fact that calcium is involved in the formation of stones, the intake of this chemical element necessary for muscles and bones should not be limited. In case of urolithiasis, products that contain large amounts of oxalic acid and its salts, oxalates, are minimized.

Kidney stones - symptoms

The main symptoms of kidney stones are:

• frequent urination, sometimes painful, and the urge to it;
• urine has a cloudy color, sand (microcalculi) is released at the same time;
• bleeding during and after urination;
• acute intense pain that occurs in the lower abdomen, lower back or side, during renal colic;
• fever;
• in some cases, with complete blockage of the urethra or ureter and reflex spasm of the vessels of the kidneys, urination becomes impossible;
• nausea and vomiting caused by intoxication of the body.

Kidney stones - causes of formation

The main factors provoking nephrolithiasis are:

• regular violation of the diet, the use of harmful products containing trans fats, modified ingredients, dyes that are hazardous to health, stabilizers, emulsifiers, flavors, etc.;
• excessive passion for salty, smoked, sour, spicy and spicy food, the predominance of the menu of fried dishes, conservation, semi-finished products, offal, fast food;
• excess calcium in the body;
• excess levels of uric acid in the blood;
• metabolic disorders;
• hereditary tendency;
• long-term drug therapy with certain drugs;
• insufficient consumption of drinking water, poor-quality water, which contains an increased salt content, fast loss liquids;
• kidney infections.

Possible complications of nephrolithiasis and disease prevention

In the absence of attention to the state of one's own health and timely treatment of nephrolithiasis, renal colic, pyelonephritis and renal failure may develop.

People over 45 with a diagnosis of osteomyelitis or osteochondrosis are most susceptible to the formation of stones in the kidneys. The risk group for kidney stone disease includes people living in a hot climate, when the body is most susceptible to dehydration. You should also pay attention to the condition of the kidneys and regularly check with a specialist in patients suffering from endocrine disorders and chronic diseases of the kidneys and gastrointestinal tract.

Preventive measures include: a healthy lifestyle, saturating the menu with raw fruits and berries, regular consumption of dairy and sour-milk products, avoiding caffeine- and alcohol-containing drinks. A competent specialist can prescribe a preventive course with a strict diet and taking medicinal extracts from medicinal plants.

The role of nutrition in the prevention of kidney stones

A number of foods provoke the formation of kidney stones. Among them are such as:

• heart, liver and other offal;
• cheeses;
• vegetables and fruits with a high content of oxalic acid salts: sorrel, lettuce, spinach, green peppers, celery, legumes, beets, strawberries, black currants, raisins and grapes;
• cocoa;
• fish caviar;
• leaf black tea;
• yeast, nuts, bran;
• marmalade, pastille.

By eliminating them from your diet, you can prevent the appearance of excess salts and stones. If the body of a healthy person (subject to the drinking regimen) independently copes with the excretion of oxalic acid, then patients with urolithiasis should completely refuse these products.

Drinking at least 10-12 glasses of pure spring water per day (filtered, bottled, from a pump room, etc.), free from excess salts, helps flush the kidneys and prevent kidney stones.

A number of products recommended for daily use in urolithiasis:

• meat (turkey, chicken, rabbit, veal, beef, lean pork);
• cottage cheese;
• mushrooms (champignons, oyster mushrooms, wild mushrooms);
• broccoli, cauliflower, plums, apricots, avocados, mangoes, melons, grapefruit, pomelo, bananas;
• high-quality table dry grape wine;
• garlic and onion;
• brown and white rice, bread, pasta.

According to experienced urologists, in addition to compliance balanced diet and optimal water regime, in order to prevent nephrolithiasis, it is necessary to treat all existing diseases of the urinary tract and kidneys in a timely manner, and at the first adverse signs, apply for medical care.

Conservative treatment of kidney stones

The method of removing stones from the kidneys depends on the studies carried out by the urologist, including: general urinalysis, ultrasound, x-ray examination of the kidneys, computed tomography kidneys and excretory radiopaque urography. In the presence of nephrolithiasis, desquamated cells of the renal epithelium, erythrocytes and sand are present in the urine.

Treatment of the disease is carried out only under the supervision of a specialist. During an attack of acute renal colic, painkillers (analgesics) are prescribed in combination with drugs that relieve spasm of smooth muscles (No-shpa, papazol).

It is strongly not recommended to carry out measures to crush the stones and remove them with plenty of fluids until the doctor has identified the exact location, shape and size of the calculus, as this can lead to jamming in the urinary tract.

The main methods of treatment of nephrolithiasis include:

• taking special medications;
• crushing stones with ultrasound;
• laser therapy;
• surgical intervention;
• taking traditional medicine.

If renal colic occurs, you should immediately call an ambulance, and before it arrives, you can alleviate the painful condition with the help of hot bath(38-39°C) for 10 to 20 minutes, then lie down in bed and wrap yourself in a blanket.

Kidney stones - treatment with folk remedies

Rowan red. Syrup from ripened rowan fruit is a proven diuretic and mild laxative for rheumatism, bladder and kidney stones, providing the body with the maximum amount of biologically valuable substances. Pass the washed fruits through a juicer (2 kg), then boil over low heat for about 10-17 minutes with 1.2 kg of granulated sugar. The consistency of the medicine should resemble syrup. Reception 15 ml four times a day.

Medicinal collection. Mix in equal proportions dill seeds, blueberry leaves, chicory grass, hop cones and burdock root ( burdock) and grind the plants in a coffee grinder. 2 tbsp. collection spoons fall asleep in a thermos, pour 1/2 l. boiling water and insist about 12 hours. Take an infusion of 50-70 ml 3-4 times a day for 2-3 months, after which they take a 14-day break and again carry out a course of treatment.

Juice therapy. 2-3 times a day, drink half a glass of hot water with the addition of the juice of one medium lemon. Simultaneously with this drink, use half a glass of a mixture of freshly squeezed juices. carrots, cucumber and beets, taken in equal proportions. The course of treatment is carried out under the supervision of a doctor. The duration of therapy depends on the size and location of the stones.

Rosehip (roots). Great for crushing rocks rosehip root. 35 g of dry crushed raw materials are poured with two glasses of boiling water and simmered in a water bath for about a quarter of an hour, and then wrapped and infused for another 6 hours. Filtered broth drink ½ cup half an hour before meals 4 times a day. The remedy is potent, so the duration of administration, which is usually from 1 to 4 weeks, and exact dosage should be prescribed by a phytotherapeutist or urologist.