Hydrogen indicator of blood. Buffer systems of the blood. The causes of persistent acidosis are

Any body fluids human body, whether it be saliva, lymph, urine, as well as the most important medium - blood, are characterized by an indicator of acid-base balance.

Power Hydrogen, or, in short, pH is translated as "power of hydrogen" and in the everyday life of doctors is referred to as "hydrogen indicator", it means the ratio of acidic and alkaline elements in the liquid.

Blood pH has a huge impact on the state of all organs and systems of the body, so knowing the limits of its norm, methods of measurement and methods of regulation is an essential element for everyone who is responsible for their health.

The main thing about blood

Blood is liquid connective tissue, consisting of two fractions in a certain ratio - plasma and shaped elements(erythrocytes, leukocytes, platelets and others).

The ratios of these fractions are constantly changing, as are the constantly renewed blood cells that die, being excreted from the body. excretory system and give way to new ones.

The movement of blood through the vessels is controlled by heart rhythms, it does not stop for a second, since it is it that delivers vital oxygen and nutrients to all organs and tissues.

There are several main functions of blood:

• Respiratory, which ensures the delivery of oxygen from the lungs to all organs, and the evacuation carbon dioxide on the way back from the cells to the lung alveoli;
• Nutritious arranging the delivery nutrients(hormones, enzymes, structural and microelements, etc.) to all body systems;
• Regulatory, providing the message of hormones between organs;
• Mechanical, which forms the turgor tension of the organs due to the blood flowing to them;
• excretory, which ensures the transportation of spent substances to the excretory organs - the kidneys and lungs, for their further evacuation;
• Thermoregulating, which maintains the body temperature optimal for the functioning of the organs;
• Protective, providing a shield of cells from foreign agents;

The blood pH indicator forms the quality of the homeostatic function that regulates the acid-base balance and water-electrolyte balance of the body.

pH: what is it?

The concept of pH was first formulated in Denmark at the beginning of the 20th century. Physicists introduced the concept of the degree of acidity of a liquid, defining it on a scale from 0 to 14. For each human liquid environment, there is its own optimal indicator pH, including for blood.

A value of 7 on this scale indicates a neutral environment, values ​​​​less than this indicator indicate an acidic environment, large - alkaline. The concentration of active hydrogen particles in it makes the medium acidic or alkaline, which is why this indicator is also called hydrogen.

The pH of the blood, if a person has a normal metabolism, is stably within certain limits. In other cases, the balance of body systems is disturbed, which provokes health problems.

In order for the pH value to be stable, special buffer systems work in the body - liquids that provide the correct concentration of hydrogen ions.

They do this with the help of the liver, lungs and kidneys, which regulate the products of their activity. physiological mechanisms compensation: increase the pH concentration or dilute it.

The body can function smoothly and smoothly only if the acid-base reaction of the most important body fluid is normal.

The main role in this interaction belongs to the lungs, since it is their structures that produce the overwhelming amount of acidic products that are excreted from the outside in the form of carbon dioxide, and affect the viability of the whole organism.

The kidneys play the role of binding and forming hydrogen particles when the released sodium ions and bicarbonate are returned to the blood. The liver, on the other hand, utilizes unnecessary acids that enter it from the body, which forces the acid-base balance to move towards alkalization.

The level of pH constancy also depends on the digestive organs, which also do not stand aside, but actively influence the level of acidity by producing huge amount digestive juices that change the pH level.

Negative factors affecting the pH level are:

• Bad ecology;
• Bad habits;
• Unbalanced diet;
• Psycho-emotional stress;
• Violations of the regime of work and rest.

pH norm and deviations

If a person is healthy, then his pH indicator is stable in the range of 7.35-7.45 units. The values ​​of this interval mean a weakly alkaline reaction of the blood.

You should know that the norms of the indicator for venous and arterial blood different:

• Venous blood: 7.32-7.42.
• Arterial: 7.37-7.45.

Only with such values, the lungs, excretory, digestive and other systems work harmoniously, removing unnecessary substances from the body, including acids and bases, which maintain healthy acidity in the blood.

If there is an increased or low acidity, the doctor has the right to suspect the presence of chronic diseases, as they reflect serious violations in the work of the body.

A decrease in the indicator below 7.35 indicates such a condition as "acidosis", and at pH values ​​​​more than 7.45, a diagnosis of "alkalosis" is made.

At the same time, a person feels various negative changes in health, changes in appearance occur, chronic diseases. Values ​​over 7.8 and below 7.0 are considered incompatible with life.

In case of deviations from the norm, it is first possible to identify problems in the organs most responsible for acid-base balance:

• Gastrointestinal tract;
• Lungs;
• Liver;
• Kidneys.

Blood pH analysis

When diagnosing many disorders, it will be necessary to determine the level of acidity in the blood. In this case, the doctor must find out the content of hydrogen ions and total acidity by taking arterial blood.

Arterial blood is cleaner than venous blood, and the ratio of plasma and cell structures more constantly, so the study of it, and not the venous one, is more preferable.

An analysis of the level of acidity is performed by taking blood from the capillaries of the finger, that is, outside the body (in vitro). Subsequently, it is placed in glass pH electrodes and electrometric measurements are taken, counting hydrogen and carbon dioxide ions per unit volume of blood.

The interpretation of the values ​​​​is carried out by the attending physician, who, when making a verdict, must rely on data from other diagnostic studies.

In the vast majority of cases, an indicator of 7.4 indicates a slightly alkaline reaction and indicates normal acidity.

Based on the numerical values, the following conclusions can be drawn:

• If the indicator is 7.4, it speaks of weak alkaline reaction and that the acidity is normal.
• If the pH is elevated (greater than 7.45) indicates that alkaline substances (bases) have accumulated in the body and the organs responsible for their evacuation cannot cope with this task.
• If the pH is found to be below the lower limit of normal, then this indicates an acidification of the body, that is, acid is produced either more than necessary, or buffer systems cannot neutralize its excess.

Both alkalization and acidification, which persist for a long time, do not pass without a trace for the body.

Alkalosis

The causes of metabolic alkalosis, in which the body is oversaturated with alkali, are:

• Intense vomiting, in which a lot of acid and gastric juice is lost;
• Oversaturation of the body with some vegetable or dairy products, leading to alkalization;
• Nervous stress, overstrain;
• Overweight;
• Cardiovascular diseases occurring with shortness of breath.

Alkalosis is characterized by the following symptoms:

• Deterioration of digestion of food, a feeling of heaviness in the stomach;
• The phenomena of toxicosis, since substances are poorly absorbed and remain in the blood;
• Skin manifestations of an allergic nature;
• Deterioration of the liver, kidneys;
• Exacerbation of chronic diseases.

The treatment shows the elimination of the causes of alkalization. Inhalation of mixtures containing carbon dioxide will help normalize acidity.

Effective for normalizing pH are also solutions of ammonium, calcium, potassium, insulin, prescribed by a doctor in a therapeutic dosage. This treatment should be carried out under the supervision of a physician in a hospital setting.

Acidosis

Acidosis is a more frequent manifestation of metabolic disorders than alkalosis - the human body is more resistant to alkalization than to acidification.

Its mild form is usually asymptomatic and is detected incidentally during concomitant blood tests.

In a serious form of the disease, the following symptoms appear:

• Rapid breathing;
• Nausea;
• Vomit;
• Fast fatiguability;
• Heartburn.

When in the body high level acidity, organs and tissues are deficient in nutrition and oxygen, which eventually leads to pathological conditions:

• Malfunctions of the cardiovascular system
• general weakness;
• urinary system disorders;
• Tumor processes;
• Pain in muscles and joints;
• obesity;
• development of diabetes;
• Decreased immunity.

The causes of persistent acidosis are:

• Diabetes;
• oxygen starvation;
• Fright or shock, stressful condition;
• Various diseases;
• Alcoholism.

The tactics of treatment involves the elimination of the causes that caused acidification of the blood. With the phenomena of acidosis and with the pathology accompanying this condition, the patient needs plentiful drink and taking saline solution.

Measurement of blood pH yourself

The importance of acid-base balance to human health has led the medical industry to develop portable instruments that can measure pH at home.

Such a pH measuring device, offered in various variations by pharmacies and specialized medical equipment stores, is able to give an accurate result with minimal measurement errors.

Manipulation consists of puncturing the surface of the skin with the thinnest needle and taking a small amount of blood.

The electronic device built into the device instantly reacts and displays the result on the display. The procedure is quite simple and painless.

How to increase or decrease acidity through nutrition

By using proper organization nutrition, you can not only diversify the menu and make the diet more balanced, but also maintain the necessary pH level with them. Certain Products in the processes of assimilation, they contribute to an increase in alkalinity, and when using others, on the contrary, an increase in acidity occurs.

Foods that increase acidity:

If the diet is oversaturated with these products, then a person will inevitably begin to experience immune disorders, malfunctions of the digestive system,

This kind of power leads to failure. reproductive system for both men and women: for normal synthesis sperm cells need an alkaline environment, and when they move through the vagina of a woman with too high acidity, they die.

Products that promote alkalization of the blood:

When a person abuses animal fats, alcohol, coffee, sweets, while smoking and being stressed, the body undergoes “acidification”. The toxins formed in this case are not excreted from the body, but settle in the blood, joints, blood vessels, becoming disease provocateurs. Along with a complex of cleansing and healing procedures, doctors advise regularly drinking alkaline mineral water.

The high efficiency of mineral water lies in the fact that it not only normalizes the acid-base balance, but also beneficial action on the whole body - removes toxins, heals the stomach, improves blood structure and strengthens the immune system. Recommended dose: 3-4 glasses per day.

A pH value within the normal range is an indispensable condition for the healthy functioning of human organs and systems, since all tissues are extremely sensitive to its fluctuations and prolonged violations can lead to the most disastrous consequences. Every individual responsible for his health should check and control his acid-base balance from time to time.

Video - adequate nutrition. Acid-base regulation

What is a ph blood test? This question is of interest to many patients. The PH level is an indicator of the state of health and immunity. In order to control the state of your health, you need to regularly do a blood test for ph.

Maintaining the acid-base balance in the body is very important. If it is violated, then the person begins to get sick more, grow old faster.

The diet should be rich in minerals and vitamins, must be present fresh fruits and vegetables, and you also need to try to avoid stress.

Only then will our body be young and healthy for a long time.

What is the ph level

Blood pH is considered normal if it does not exceed 7.35 to 7.45. For a healthy adult, the norm is approximately 7.42.

Level indicators are influenced by:

• food quality;
• bad habits, smoking, drinking alcoholic beverages;
• stressful situations;
• bad ecology;
• wrong daily routine.

All this leads to the fact that the PH level begins to decline.

If we cannot influence the level of ecology, then we can completely balance our diet. We should be careful about the products that we purchase in stores. Europeans have long understood that healthy food- this is a guarantee of normal well-being and a decent contribution to the family budget. After all, quality treatment is expensive.

If the ph level of blood and other fluids begins to change, then the body tries to stabilize it. In particular, blood tests can have the following values:

• arterial blood has a ph value of 7.35-7.45;
• venous - 7.26-7.36;
• lymph - 7.35-7.40;
• in the analysis of urine - 6.4-6.5;
• in saliva - 6.4-6.8;
• intercellular fluid - 7.26-7.38;
• intra-articular fluid - 7.3.

If there is no excess ph in the analysis of urine and blood, then your body is in perfect order. Acidity is primarily affected by foods that also have a certain level.
According to the ph level, foods can be acidic or alkaline.

Reduce the acidity of potatoes, starchy vegetables, fruits, pasteurized milk, sweet yoghurts, meat, fish, refined vegetable oil, sugar, flour products.

Oxidizing and alkaline include coffee, tea, cocoa, soda, store juice. Weak tea, herbal infusions are more useful. Of course, completely abandon acid products it won’t work, but it’s quite possible to maintain your diet.

What do the data in the analyzes mean?

Approximately 5-6 liters circulate in the body, which is approximately 6-8% of total weight person's weight. Only in this amount can blood support normal functions body. Blood density indicators are 1.050 - 1.060, which fully depends on the number of red blood cells. Plasma density is determined by proteins - 1.025-1.034.

Blood acidity, or KOS, measures the balance of hydrogen and hydroxide ions. Here great importance has a ph level. Its norm is 7.2-7.4. As we said before different blood It has different level. A normal level of acid-base balance is incredibly important.

Changes up or down, such as below 7 or above 7.85, are considered life-threatening.

If the acidity in the blood is increased

Increased acidity of the blood means a condition doctors call acidosis. Similar state very familiar to athletes who are addicted to anabolics and drugs to increase muscle mass. As you know, different amino acids and proteins are used for this. Trying to achieve a serious increase in muscle mass, many athletes are addicted to proteins. This leads to the violation acid balance in the body.

A condition where the acidity in the blood and urine exceeds allowable level, is dangerous to the body. If too much protein accumulates in the body, then their breakdown begins. The condition is dangerous because early stage acidosis is practically not manifested.

However, you may notice the following signs:

• worried about chronic heartburn;
• a gray coating appears on the tongue;
• breathing becomes rapid;
• flushed face;
• nausea appears;
• the person gets tired quickly.

Trying to restore balance, the body begins to get rid of muscle tissue, which the athlete tried to increase. Thus, it is she who decreases in the first place. Modern research proved that the consequences of acidosis can be dangerous.

BLOOD ACID-BASE EQUILIBRIUM IN NORM AND IN PATHOLOGY

Professor M.I. BAKANOV

Scientific Center for Children's Health of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences Moscow

One of the most important conditions for the vital activity of an organism is the constancy of the concentration of hydrogen ions in the extracellular space and in the cells - the acid-base state (CBS) or acid-base balance (COR). In other words, COR is the relative constancy of the reaction internal environment organism, quantitatively characterized by the concentration of hydrogen ions (protons).

The average normal concentration of hydrogen ions in blood plasma is 40 nmol/l, which corresponds to pH 7.4.

The constancy of the pH of the internal environment of the body is due to the joint action of the buffer systems of the blood and tissues and a number of physiological mechanisms (the activity of the lungs and the excretory function of the kidneys).

Buffer properties, i.e. the ability to counteract changes in the pH of a solution when acids or bases are added to it, have mixtures consisting of a weak acid and its salt with a strong base or a weak base with a salt of a strong acid. The buffer system in the body is a conjugated acid-base pair, consisting of a donor and an acceptor of hydrogen ions (protons).

The functioning of the buffer pair is described by the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation, which relates the pH value to the dissociation constant of any acid (CA):

PH = pKA + lg [proton acceptor]/[proton donor]

The most important buffer systems of blood are: bicarbonate, hemoglobin, protein and phosphate.

Bicarbonate buffer system- a fairly powerful system of extracellular fluid and blood. The share of bicarbonate buffer accounts for 10% of the total buffer capacity of the blood. This bicarbonate system is a conjugated acid-base pair, consisting of a carbonic acid molecule (H 2 CO 3), which acts as a proton donor, and a bicarbonate anion (HCO -) - a base, which acts as a proton acceptor. Using the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation for a given buffer system, the pH value can be expressed in terms of the dissociation constant of carbonic acid (pKH 2 CO 3) and decimal logarithm the ratio of the concentrations of HCO 3 ions - and non-dissociated H 2 CO 3 molecules: RI \u003d pKH 2 CO 3 + lg ([HCO 3 -] / [H 2 CO 3])

At normal value blood pH (7.4) concentration of bicarbonate ions HCO 3 - in plasma approximately 20 times higher than the concentration of H 2 SO 3 (or dissolved carbon dioxide CO 2 ).

The mechanism of action of this system is that when relatively large amounts of acidic products are released into the blood, hydrogen ions (H+) interact with bicarbonate ions (HCO 3 -) to form weakly dissociating carbonic acid H 2 CO 3 . The decrease in the concentration of the latter is achieved accelerated elimination CO 2 through the lungs as a result of their hyperventilation. When the number of bases in the blood increases, they, interacting with weak carbonic acid, form bicarbonate ions and water; no noticeable shifts in the pH value occur. In addition, the physiological mechanisms of COR regulation are involved in maintaining a normal ratio between the components of the bicarbonate buffer system: a certain amount of CO 2 is retained in the blood plasma as a result of a decrease in ventilation (hypoventilation) of the lungs.

Second in importance after the bicarbonate buffer system is buffer system hemoglobin - oxyhemoglobin. Last plays important role in the regulation of the ratio of hemoglobin (weak base) -oxyhemoglobin (weak acid), as well as in the conversion of dissolved carbonic acid into carbon dioxide and its excretion through the lungs. The functions of this system depend on the concentration of hemoglobin in the blood and on the supply of sufficient amounts of oxygen: in anemia and hypoxia, its power decreases sharply.

RBCs have a base storage mechanism for the body known as the Ambourger effect. It consists in the fact that the carbon dioxide formed in the tissues is converted in erythrocytes into carbonic acid (H 2 CO 3). In turn, H 2 CO 3 dissociates into the H + ion and the HCO 3 anion - under the influence of the enzyme carbonic anhydrase (carbon anhydrase) of erythrocytes. In this case, the hydrogen ion is captured by buffer systems inside the cell (hemoglobin, phosphates), and the bicarbonate anion returns to the blood plasma, exchanging for the chloride anion entering the erythrocyte (according to the so-called Donnan equilibrium). In erythrocytes, the chloride anion binds to the potassium cation. In the lungs, the resulting oxyhemoglobin binds a significant part of the potassium, as a result of which the chloride anion is displaced outside the erythrocyte and binds to the sodium cation released when carbon dioxide is removed. As a result, there is an active formation and retention in the body of the anion HCO 3 - (base) and the removal of carbonic acid.

It should be emphasized that the degree of oxygen binding to hemoglobin significantly depends on the shifts in the pH of the blood plasma: when it shifts to the acid side (acidosis, pH decreases), the affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen decreases and, accordingly, the saturation of hemoglobin with oxygen decreases; when the pH shifts to the alkaline side (alkalosis, increases), an inverse relationship takes place: the affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen and its saturation with oxygen increase. This pattern is called the Bohr effect.

Protein buffer system is less important for the maintenance of COR in blood plasma than other buffer systems. Proteins have buffering properties due to the presence of acid-base groups in the protein molecule: protein-H + (acid, proton donor) and protein- (conjugate base, proton acceptor). This blood plasma buffer system is effective in the pH range of 7.2-7.4.

Phosphate buffer system is a conjugated acid-base pair consisting of monosubstituted and disubstituted orthophosphate (NaH 2 PO 4: Na 2 HPO 4), in which the first component is an H + ion donor (acid), and the second is a proton acceptor (base). The buffering action of the phosphate system is based on the possibility of binding hydrogen and hydroxide ions. Organic phosphates also have buffer properties, but their power is weaker than inorganic phosphate buffer. The functioning of this buffer system is closely related to the involvement of the kidneys in the regulation of COR. Hydrogen ions are actively secreted into the urine by the tubular epithelium, and this process restores the physiological ratios in the phosphate buffer system and ensures the predominance of disubstituted sodium in the blood flowing from the kidneys. The excesses of hydrogen ions removed in this way constitute the so-called. titratable acidity of urine. Anions of strong acids are excreted together with the NH 4 + cation, which is formed from ammonia and hydrogen in the kidneys. This process is called ammoniogenesis and also aims to remove excess hydrogen ions. The renal regulation of COR thus includes the production and removal of ammonium ions, the secretion of hydrogen ions, as well as the conservation of bicarbonate anion (bicarbonate anions from primary urine are almost completely absorbed in the renal tubules).

Sensitive electrodes are used to study blood COR indicators. direct measurement pH and partial tension of carbon dioxide, as well as a micro-Astrup device and domestic devices AZIF, AKOR, which make it possible to determine the pH of capillary blood at various partial tensions of oxygen (PO 2) and carbon dioxide or carbon dioxide (PCO 2). With the help of these devices and the corresponding Sigaard-Andersen nomograms, a number of parameters are determined that characterize the violations of the COR of the blood and the degree of their compensation.

blood pH (an indicator of the concentration of hydrogen ions). The boundaries of this indicator, compatible with life, are as follows: from 6.8 to 7.8. Normally, blood pH fluctuates within narrow limits: from 7.35 to 7.45; pH below 7.35 indicates a significant predominance of acidic metabolic products (acidosis); A pH above 7.45 indicates excessive base accumulation (alkalosis). In other biological fluids and in cells, the pH may have different values: for example, in erythrocytes, the pH is normally 7.19 ± 0.02. The indicator of hydrogen ions reflects only the general direction of shifts in the COR of the blood, while the type of these disorders (respiratory or metabolic) can only be assessed on the basis of a set of the following indicators.

The partial tension of carbon dioxide in the blood (PCO 2) is normally 40 mm on average. rt. Art. (5.3 kPa). An increase in this parameter indicates respiratory acidosis associated with depression respiratory function lungs; this is often combined with a compensatory bicarbonate rise. A decrease in RCO 2 (and often a simultaneous compensatory fall in bicarbonates) indicates the presence of respiratory alkalosis, which is most often observed during hyperventilation of the lungs.

Buffer bases (BB) - a total indicator of the content of bicarbonate ions and anions of protein and hemoglobin. Physiological fluctuations of this indicator - from 31.8 to 65.0 mmol / l. Its definition reveals the degree of shift of the COR due to "metabolic" changes in the tissues.

Basis excess (BE) - a parameter indicating an excess of bases (positive values) or their deficit (negative values). Normally, the fluctuation limits of this indicator are as follows: from (3.26 ± 0.4 to -0.98 ± 0.2 mmol / l. An increase in BE indicates the development of metabolic alkalosis, and a decrease to negative values ​​\u200b\u200b(down to -20 mmol / l). k) - about the presence of metabolic acidosis.

Standard bicarbonates (SB) - the concentration of bicarbonates in blood plasma, balanced at RCO 2 equal to 40 mm Hg. Art., and at a partial tension of oxygen in the blood, providing full saturation of hemoglobin with oxygen.

True or actual bicarbonates (AB) - an indicator corresponding to the concentration of bicarbonates in blood taken without contact with air at a temperature of 38 ° C. In healthy individuals, the content of topical bicarbonates and standard bicarbonates (SB) is approximately identical and ranges from 18.5 to 26.0 mmol/L.

The partial tension of oxygen in the blood (RO 2) ranges normally from 90 to 100 mm Hg. Art. (12.0-13.3 kPa). Shifts in this indicator can be due to both changes in the respiratory function of the blood and disorders of tissue metabolism (in particular, tissue or histotoxic hypoxia).

The failure of the compensatory mechanisms of the body to prevent shifts in the concentration of hydrogen ions leads to various violations of the COR. Depending on the mechanisms of development of these disorders, respiratory acidosis (or alkalosis) and metabolic acidosis (or alkalosis) are distinguished.

Respiratory acidosis occurs due to hypoventilation of the lungs (with bronchial asthma, pneumonia, circulatory disorders with stagnation in the small circle, pulmonary edema, emphysema, pulmonary atelectasis, depression respiratory center under the influence of a number of toxins and drugs such as morphine, etc.). As a result, hypercapnia is observed, i.e. increased PCO 2 arterial blood; at the same time, the content of H 2 CO 3 in the blood plasma increases, which, in turn, leads to a compensatory increase in bicarbonate ions (HCO 3 -) in the plasma (the so-called alkaline reserve of blood increases). Simultaneously with a decrease in blood pH in respiratory acidosis, the excretion of free and bound (in the form of ammonium salts) acids with urine increases.

Respiratory alkalosis occurs with hyperventilation of the lungs (when inhaling pure oxygen, compensatory shortness of breath that accompanies a number of diseases, including neurotoxic syndrome, infectious viral conditions). At the same time, due to rapid elimination hypocapnia develops from the body of CO 2, i.e. decrease in RCO 2 in arterial blood (less than 35 mm Hg); a decrease in the content of carbonic acid in the arterial blood is accompanied by a decrease in bicarbonates in the blood plasma (the alkaline reserve of the blood decreases), since part of them is converted into carbonic acid compensatory. Although this mechanism is often insufficient to compensate for the decrease in the content of H 2 CO 3 . With respiratory alkalosis, there is a decrease in the acidity of urine and the content of ammonia in it.

Metabolic acidosis, the most common form of COR disorders, is due to accumulation in tissues and blood organic acids. It occurs with diabetes mellitus (an increase in ketone bodies - beta-hydroxybutyric and acetoacetic acids), malnutrition, starvation, fever, toxic conditions, renal glomerular insufficiency, cardiovascular insufficiency, hereditary and acquired forms of pyelonephritis, hypoaldosteronism, adrenogenital syndrome with loss salt, diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, shock conditions. With metabolic acidosis, the acidity of urine and the content of ammonia in it are increased.

Metabolic alkalosis can develop as a result of the loss of a large number of acid equivalents (for example, this happens with indomitable vomiting, gastrointestinal disorders) and increased intake from the gastrointestinal tract of substances that have not been neutralized by acidic gastric juice and have basic properties, as well as the accumulation of such agents in tissues (in particular, with tetany) and in cases of excessive and uncontrolled administration of alkaline solutions to correct metabolic acidosis. With metabolic alkalosis, the content of bicarbonate (HCO 3 -) in the plasma increases and, consequently, the alkaline reserve of the blood increases. As a compensation for metabolic alkalosis, one should consider the resulting hypercapnia as a result of a decrease in the excitability of the respiratory center under conditions of elevated pH and, accordingly, a decrease in the respiratory rate. This type of COR disorder is accompanied by a decrease in the acidity of urine and the content of ammonia in it.

In practice, isolated forms of respiratory or metabolic disorders of the COR are rare: most often they occur in combination. So, for example, mixed acidosis is the result of a change in both "metabolic" and "respiratory" indicators; such violations of the COR are often observed in bronchopulmonary pathology.

If the pH values ​​remain within the normal range for different in nature changes in the blood COR, such changes in the COR can be considered compensated; if the pH value is outside the normal range, then COR violations can be either partially compensated or uncompensated (depending on the degree of pH deviation).

Without dwelling in detail on the issues of correction of disorders of the COR in the blood, it should be noted that alkaline solutions (sodium bicarbonate, trisamine, etc.) are used to neutralize acidotic shifts in the COR; on the contrary, solutions containing acidic valences (hydrochloric acid or salt, etc.). It is important that the correction of the COR should be carried out under strict control of changes in the indicators of acid-base balance.

Indicators of acid-base balance and gases in the blood are normal

Note. *- I mm Hg. Art. = 0.133 kPa

When the substances are equal, the urine will have a neutral acidity.

Urine pH

In a child and in an adult, indicators in the range of 5-7 are considered the norm of urine acidity. When urine is constantly acidic (pH<5) или щелочная (рН>6) in the absence of obvious reasons for this, it is necessary diagnostic search. Determining the pH of urine involves clinical analysis.

The shift in the pH of urine to one side contributes to the formation of various salts in the sediment:

• if the indicator is below 5.5, urate stones are formed;
• with an indicator of 5.5 to 6.0 - oxalate stones;
• if the pH is above 7.0, phosphate stones form.

These indicators are taken into account in urolithiasis.

Urinalysis for acidity during pregnancy

In women, the ph acidity of urine during pregnancy is necessarily determined. Normally, the ph value in the urine during pregnancy ranges from 4.5 to 8. An increased value indicates a possible pathology of the kidneys, parathyroid glands. A decrease means dehydration, a lack of potassium, or a high temperature.

You can determine the acid-base balance at home using pH strips, which are used for emergency diagnostics in pregnant women, for prescribing a diet, for monitoring the process of losing weight, etc. AT this case deciphering the result of the study does not require special knowledge.

It should be borne in mind that a urine test for acidity is evaluated only in conjunction with other laboratory indicators and symptoms. After all, acidity is the most variable indicator, which during the day can vary significantly in both men and women.

Appointment and conduct of the study

Ph urinalysis is prescribed for endocrine pathology, kidney disease, diuretic therapy. For laboratory research, fresh urine is required, which is no more than two hours. Before the analysis, you do not need to eat foods that increase or can reduce the acidity of urine. Do not take diuretics that increase the excretion of water from the body and affect chemical composition urine.

The price of the study depends on the chosen institution. The INVITRO laboratory guarantees a qualitatively performed analysis, as we have experienced employees and modern equipment, while its cost is quite acceptable.

1. Urine is collected during the day: the first morning portion of urine is removed, all subsequent portions of urine allocated during the day, night and morning portion next day are collected in one container, which is stored in the refrigerator (+4. +8 C) during the entire collection time (this is a necessary condition, since when room temperature significantly reduced glucose levels.

• Urolithiasis disease. The reaction of urine determines the possibility and nature of the formation of stones: uric acid stones are more often formed at a pH below 5.5, oxalate - at 5.5 - 6.0, phosphate - at pH 7.0 - 7.8.

1. diet with high content fruits and vegetables, especially citrus fruits (vegetarian food);

1. diet high in meat protein or cranberries;

Period of execution

(the specified period does not include the day of taking the biomaterial)

The pH of human blood is the norm in venous and arterial blood. Methods for determining at home

Any biological fluids of the human body, whether it be saliva, lymph, urine, as well as the most important medium - blood, are characterized by an indicator of acid-base balance.

Power Hydrogen, or, in short, pH is translated as "power of hydrogen" and in the everyday life of doctors is referred to as "hydrogen indicator", it means the ratio of acidic and alkaline elements in the liquid.

Blood pH has a huge impact on the state of all organs and systems of the body, so knowing the limits of its norm, methods of measurement and methods of regulation is an essential element for everyone who is responsible for their health.

The main thing about blood

Blood is a liquid connective tissue consisting of two fractions in a certain ratio - plasma and formed elements (erythrocytes, leukocytes, platelets and others).

The ratios of these fractions are constantly changing, just as blood cells are constantly being renewed, which die off, being excreted from the body by the excretory system, and give way to new ones.

The movement of blood through the vessels is controlled by heart rhythms, it does not stop for a second, since it is it that delivers vital oxygen and nutrients to all organs and tissues.

There are several main functions of blood:

• Respiratory, ensuring the delivery of oxygen from the lungs to all organs, and the evacuation of carbon dioxide along the way back from the cells to the pulmonary alveoli;
• Nutrient, organizing the delivery of nutrients (hormones, enzymes, structural and microelements, etc.) to all body systems;
• Regulatory, ensuring the communication of hormones between organs;
• Mechanical, forming turgor tension of the organs due to the blood flowing to them;
• Excretory, ensuring the transportation of spent substances to the excretory organs - the kidneys and lungs, for their further evacuation;
• Thermoregulatory, maintaining the body temperature that is optimal for the functioning of the organs;
• Protective, providing a barrier of cells from foreign agents;

The blood pH indicator forms the quality of the homeostatic function that regulates the acid-base balance and water-electrolyte balance of the body.

pH: what is it?

The concept of pH was first formulated in Denmark at the beginning of the 20th century. Physicists introduced the concept of the degree of acidity of a liquid, defining it on a scale from 0 to 14. For each human liquid medium, there is an optimal pH value, including for blood.

A value of 7 on this scale indicates a neutral environment, values ​​​​less than this indicator indicate an acidic environment, large - alkaline. The concentration of active hydrogen particles in it makes the medium acidic or alkaline, which is why this indicator is also called hydrogen.

The pH of the blood, if a person has a normal metabolism, is stably within certain limits. In other cases, the balance of body systems is disturbed, which provokes health problems.

In order for the pH value to be stable, special buffer systems work in the body - liquids that provide the correct concentration of hydrogen ions.

They do this with the help of the liver, lungs and kidneys, which regulate the physiological mechanisms of compensation by the products of their activity: they increase the pH concentration or dilute it.

The body can function smoothly and smoothly only if the acid-base reaction of the most important body fluid is normal.

The main role in this interaction belongs to the lungs, since it is their structures that produce the overwhelming amount of acidic products that are excreted from the outside in the form of carbon dioxide, and affect the viability of the whole organism.

The kidneys play the role of binding and forming hydrogen particles when the released sodium ions and bicarbonate are returned to the blood. The liver, on the other hand, utilizes unnecessary acids that enter it from the body, which forces the acid-base balance to move towards alkalization.

Alkaline balance of various liquids

The level of pH constancy also depends on the digestive organs, which also do not stand aside, but actively influence the level of acidity by producing a huge amount of digestive juices that change the pH level.

Negative factors affecting the pH level are:

• Bad ecology;
• Bad habits;
• Unbalanced diet;
• Psycho-emotional stress;
• Violations of the regime of work and rest.

pH norm and deviations

If a person is healthy, then his pH indicator is stable in the range of 7.35-7.45 units. The values ​​of this interval mean a weakly alkaline reaction of the blood.

You should know that the norms of the indicator for venous and arterial blood are different:

Only with such values, the lungs, excretory, digestive and other systems work harmoniously, removing unnecessary substances from the body, including acids and bases, which maintain healthy acidity in the blood.

If increased or decreased acidity is detected, the doctor has the right to suspect the presence of chronic diseases, as they reflect serious disturbances in the functioning of the body.

A decrease in the indicator below 7.35 indicates such a condition as "acidosis", and at pH values ​​​​more than 7.45, a diagnosis of "alkalosis" is made.

At the same time, a person feels various negative changes in health, changes in appearance occur, and chronic diseases appear. Values ​​over 7.8 and below 7.0 are considered incompatible with life.

In case of deviations from the norm, it is first possible to identify problems in the organs most responsible for the acid-base balance:

• Gastrointestinal tract;
• Lungs;
• Liver;
• Kidneys.

Acid-base balance of different products to the content

Blood pH analysis

When diagnosing many disorders, it will be necessary to determine the level of acidity in the blood. In this case, the doctor must find out the content of hydrogen ions and total acidity by taking arterial blood.

Arterial blood is cleaner than venous blood, and the ratio of plasma and cellular structures in it is more constant, so the study of it, rather than venous blood, is more preferable.

An analysis of the level of acidity is performed by taking blood from the capillaries of the finger, that is, outside the body (in vitro). Subsequently, it is placed in glass pH electrodes and electrometric measurements are taken, counting hydrogen and carbon dioxide ions per unit volume of blood.

The interpretation of the values ​​​​is carried out by the attending physician, who, when making a verdict, must rely on data from other diagnostic studies.

In the vast majority of cases, an indicator of 7.4 indicates a slightly alkaline reaction and indicates normal acidity.

• If the pH level is elevated (more than 7.45), it indicates that alkaline substances (bases) have accumulated in the body and the organs responsible for their evacuation cannot cope with this task.
• If the pH is found below the lower limit of the norm, then this indicates an acidification of the body, that is, acid is produced either more than necessary, or buffer systems cannot neutralize its excess.

Both alkalization and acidification, which persist for a long time, do not pass without a trace for the body.

Alkalosis

The causes of metabolic alkalosis, in which the body is oversaturated with alkali, are:

• Intense vomiting, in which a lot of acid and gastric juice is lost;
• Oversaturation of the body with some vegetable or dairy products, leading to alkalization;
• Nervous stress, overstrain;
• Overweight;
• Cardiovascular diseases occurring with shortness of breath.

Alkalosis is characterized by the following symptoms:

• Deterioration of digestion of food, a feeling of heaviness in the stomach;
• The phenomena of toxicosis, since substances are poorly absorbed and remain in the blood;
• Skin manifestations of an allergic nature;
• Deterioration of the liver, kidneys;
• Exacerbation of chronic diseases.

The treatment shows the elimination of the causes of alkalization. Inhalation of mixtures containing carbon dioxide will help normalize acidity.

Effective for normalizing pH are also solutions of ammonium, calcium, potassium, insulin, prescribed by a doctor in a therapeutic dosage. This treatment should be carried out under the supervision of a physician in a hospital setting.

Acidosis

Acidosis is a more frequent manifestation of metabolic disorders than alkalosis - the human body is more resistant to alkalization than to acidification.

Its mild form is usually asymptomatic and is detected incidentally during concomitant blood tests.

In a serious form of the disease, the following symptoms appear:

When the body has a high level of acidity, organs and tissues experience a lack of nutrition and oxygen, which eventually leads to pathological conditions:

• Malfunctions of the cardiovascular system
• general weakness;
• urinary system disorders;
• Tumor processes;
• Pain in muscles and joints;
• obesity;
• development of diabetes;
• Decreased immunity.

The causes of persistent acidosis are:

• Diabetes;
• oxygen starvation;
• Fright or shock, stressful condition;
• Various diseases;
• Alcoholism.

The tactics of treatment involves the elimination of the causes that caused acidification of the blood. With the phenomena of acidosis and with the pathology accompanying this condition, the patient needs to drink plenty of water and take a soda solution.

Measurement of blood pH yourself

The importance of acid-base balance to human health has led the medical industry to develop portable instruments that can measure pH at home.

Such a pH measuring device, offered in various variations by pharmacies and specialized medical equipment stores, is able to give an accurate result with minimal measurement errors.

Manipulation consists of puncturing the surface of the skin with the thinnest needle and taking a small amount of blood.

The electronic device built into the device instantly reacts and displays the result on the display. The procedure is quite simple and painless.

However, with all the availability of self-diagnosis, one should not neglect the advantage accurate measurement in the laboratory medical institution and advice from a qualified physician.

How to increase or decrease acidity through nutrition

With the help of proper nutrition, you can not only diversify the menu and make the diet more balanced, but also maintain the necessary pH level with them. Certain foods in the process of assimilation contribute to an increase in alkalinity, while the use of others, on the contrary, increases acidity.

Foods that increase acidity:

• Meat, fish and seafood;
• Eggs;
• Sweets;
• Bakery and pasta;
• Beer;
• Dairy products;
• Carbonated drinks;
• Cereals, legumes;
• Salt;
• Antibiotics.

If the diet is oversaturated with these products, then a person will inevitably begin to experience immune disorders, malfunctions of the digestive system,

Such nutrition leads to malfunctions of the reproductive system in both men and women: for normal synthesis, spermatozoa need an alkaline environment, and when they move through the vagina of a woman with too high acidity, they die.

Products that promote alkalization of the blood:

• Citrus;
• melons;
• Celery;
• Mango;
• Papaya;
• Grape;
• Greens (parsley, spinach, celery, asparagus);
• Fruits (pears, apples, apricots, bananas, avocados, peaches)
• Absolutely all vegetable juices;
• Ginger;
• Garlic;
• Plain drinking and mineral water.

When a person abuses animal fats, alcohol, coffee, sweets, while smoking and being stressed, the body undergoes “acidification”. The toxins formed in this case are not excreted from the body, but settle in the blood, joints, blood vessels, becoming disease provocateurs. Along with a complex of cleansing and healing procedures, doctors advise drinking alkaline mineral water regularly.

The high efficiency of mineral water lies in the fact that it not only normalizes the acid-base balance, but also has a beneficial effect on the entire body - removes toxins, heals the stomach, improves blood structure and strengthens the immune system. Recommended dose: 3-4 glasses per day.

A pH value within the normal range is an indispensable condition for the healthy functioning of human organs and systems, since all tissues are extremely sensitive to its fluctuations and prolonged violations can lead to the most disastrous consequences. Every individual responsible for his health should check and control his acid-base balance from time to time.

What does a blood test for ph show?

What is a ph blood test? This question is of interest to many patients. The PH level is an indicator of the state of health and immunity. In order to control the state of your health, you need to regularly do a blood test for ph.

Maintaining the acid-base balance in the body is very important. If it is violated, then the person begins to get sick more, grow old faster.

The diet should be rich in minerals and vitamins, fresh fruits and vegetables must be present, and you should also try to avoid stress.

Only then will our body be young and healthy for a long time.

What is the ph level

Blood pH is considered normal if it does not exceed 7.35 to 7.45. For a healthy adult, the norm is approximately 7.42.

Level indicators are influenced by:

• food quality;
• bad habits, smoking, drinking alcohol;
• stressful situations;
• bad ecology;
• wrong daily routine.

All this leads to the fact that the PH level begins to decline.

If we cannot influence the level of ecology, then we can completely balance our diet. We should be careful about the products that we purchase in stores. Europeans have long understood that healthy food is a guarantee of normal well-being and a decent contribution to the family budget. After all, quality treatment is expensive.

If the ph level of blood and other fluids begins to change, then the body tries to stabilize it. In particular, blood tests can have the following values:

• arterial blood has a ph value of 7.35-7.45;
• venous - 7.26-7.36;
• lymph - 7.35-7.40;
• in the analysis of urine - 6.4-6.5;
• in saliva - 6.4-6.8;
• intercellular fluid - 7.26-7.38;
• intra-articular fluid - 7.3.

If there is no excess ph in the analysis of urine and blood, then your body is in perfect order. Acidity is primarily affected by foods that also have a certain level.

According to the ph level, foods can be acidic or alkaline.

Reduce the acidity of potatoes, starchy vegetables, fruits, pasteurized milk, sweet yoghurts, meat, fish, refined vegetable oil, sugar, flour products.

Oxidizing and alkaline include coffee, tea, cocoa, soda, store juice. Weak tea, herbal infusions are more useful. Of course, it will not work to completely abandon acidic foods, but it is quite possible to maintain your diet.

What do the data in the analyzes mean?

Approximately 5-6 liters circulate in the body, which is approximately 6-8% of the total mass of a person's weight. Only in this amount can the blood maintain the normal functions of the body. Blood density indicators are 1.060, which fully depends on the number of red blood cells. Plasma density is determined by proteins - 1.025-1.034.

Blood acidity, or KOS, measures the balance of hydrogen and hydroxide ions. This is where the ph level matters. Its norm is 7.2-7.4. As we have already said, different blood has a different level. A normal level of acid-base balance is incredibly important.

Changes up or down, such as below 7 or above 7.85, are considered life-threatening.

If the acidity in the blood is increased

Increased acidity of the blood means a condition doctors call acidosis. This condition is very familiar to athletes who are addicted to anabolics and drugs to increase muscle mass. As you know, different amino acids and proteins are used for this. Trying to achieve a serious increase in muscle mass, many athletes are addicted to proteins. This leads to the fact that there is a violation of the acid balance in the body.

The condition when the acidity in the blood and urine exceeds the permissible level is dangerous for the body. If too much protein accumulates in the body, then their breakdown begins. The condition is dangerous because at an early stage, acidosis is practically not manifested.

However, you may notice the following signs:

Trying to restore balance, the body begins to get rid of the muscle tissue that the athlete tried to build. Thus, it is she who decreases in the first place. Modern research has proven that the consequences of acidosis can be dangerous:

And that's not all. If the acidity level is less than seven, then this can even lead to a coma.

From this we can conclude how important it is to monitor your health, nutrition, lifestyle. It is necessary to regularly conduct an examination of the body in order to timely identify and eliminate any negative manifestations.

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pH (power Hydrogen, acidity indicator)

Test material: See description

Hydrogen index is one of the components of the total acid-base composition of the blood and is characterized by the amount of free hydrogen ions in the blood serum.

Reference values ​​- norm

(pH (power Hydrogen, acidity indicator))

Information regarding the reference values ​​of the indicators, as well as the very composition of the indicators included in the analysis, may differ slightly depending on the laboratory!

For newborns -

For adults, there are separate norms for arterial and venous blood –

Indications

There are no warnings for the procedure.

Ph blood (acid-base balance)

One of the indicators of health is the acid-base balance (ph). How acidic environment body, the faster the aging process occurs and the more often the overall functioning of systems and organs is disturbed. Each liquid has its own ph level and human blood is no exception. All life processes in the aquatic environment are accompanied by a certain number of hydrogen atoms, and depending on the lack or excess of hydrogen atoms, the balance of acid and alkali is disturbed.

Balanced blood acidity provides correct work metabolic processes body, helping it to cope with diseases and factors of premature aging.

To determine the pH of the blood, it is necessary to pass an analysis that reveals the index of alkaline and acidic components. This indicator has an extremely narrow range of norms, and even its insignificant fluctuations can cause serious condition person.

Analysis of the acid-base balance of blood

The acid-base balance in the blood is maintained by the organized work of the kidneys, liver and lungs, which cleanse the body of most harmful compounds and toxins, thereby ensuring a stable level of hydrogen ions in the blood. Laboratory analysis will help determine the acidity of arterial and venous blood. His data will show the index of acidic and alkaline components, and any deviations from the reference values ​​​​will require the close attention of doctors.

Reference values ​​of the acid-base balance of the blood:

In newborns, the acidity index is slightly lower - 7.21-7.38.

Changes in the acid-base state of the blood will be assessed by the severity of:

Conditions in which blood acidity is above 7.8 or below 6.8 are recognized as incompatible with life.

It is also possible to check the acid-base state of the blood, in addition to laboratory analysis, on your own. To do this, you need to buy a special device, use it to pierce an artery and the results of the study will be displayed on the screen. Of course, laboratory analysis will be the most accurate and effective, but in case of emergency, the study can be carried out at home.

The numerical values ​​of the analysis show:

• an indicator equal to 7.4 means that the acid-base balance of the blood is normal;
• if the blood ph is higher than the reference values, this indicates an alkaline environment of the blood and is called alkalosis;
• if the ph is below the reference values, this indicates hyperacidity blood and is called acidosis.

If the pH of the blood is elevated

Alkalosis is rare disease in which there is an accumulation of alkaline substances in the blood or the body loses too much acid. Such a loss can occur, for example, with prolonged vomiting, and also if some factors affect the ability of the kidneys to regulate acid balance.

Alkalinization of blood occurs for a number of reasons:

• when consuming a large amount of products containing alkaline compounds (dairy products, green tea, mineral water without gas, etc.);
• in the severe stage of obesity;
• against the background of cardiovascular pathologies;
• in case of severe nervous strain;
• at rehabilitation period after surgery;
• against the background of the use of drugs that increase the amount of alkali.

• general loss of strength;
• headaches;
• drowsiness;
• deterioration in memory and concentration;
• dizziness.

Treatment of alkalization of the blood is a complex application medicines. If the cause of alkalosis has been identified, then it is eliminated.

If the pH of the blood is low

Acidosis happens much more often than alkalosis, since the human body is more prone to "acidification" of the blood. What does acidity mean? This is a condition in which the blood is acidic due to the difficulty in removing certain organic acids from the body. When the human body functions smoothly, these acids are excreted freely, but with some diseases or special conditions, there is a dysfunction of the body, which provokes acidosis.

Increased acidity of the blood can occur for reasons:

• prolonged diarrhea;
• with diseases of the urinary system;
• in a situation of prolonged starvation;
• with diabetes;
• in a situation of circulatory failure;
• after fever;
• in case of poisoning or loss of appetite;
• when oxygen starvation with heart failure or in a state of shock;
• after alcohol abuse;
• during pregnancy.

malnutrition and sedentary image life significantly increase the likelihood of acidosis. Light form hyperacidity is almost asymptomatic, and in the case of a pronounced decrease in the ph index, the following manifestations are observed:

• increased frequency and depth of breathing;
• malfunctions in the work of the heart in the form of arrhythmia;
• nausea and vomiting;
• increased blood pressure;
• dizziness.

The initial manifestations of acidification of the blood can be prevented by healthy eating and drinking enough water, and moderate physical activity can help. In the case of severe and severe forms of acidosis, treatment occurs by eliminating the causes that caused it. That is, first of all, therapy is aimed at the underlying disease, for example, diabetes or diarrhea, and the normalization of the acid balance is carried out by introducing special injections to the patient or by ingesting a solution of baking soda.

Avoid excessive consumption fatty foods, alcoholic beverages and caffeine, as well as acidity can be influenced by the following factors:

• regular stress;
• smoking;
• bad ecology;
• sleep disturbance;
• poor water quality.

And due to the fact that some factors of ph imbalance cannot be avoided, it is worth regularly analyzing the acid-base state of the blood.

blood pH and methods for its determination

Acid-base balance is important indicator any biological fluid organism. As for the blood, the ratio of acidic and alkaline components in it should normally be within very narrow limits, and even a slight deviation can lead to a serious condition. The acid-base balance is determined by the pH indicator, which is also called hydrogen. pH stands for power Hydrogen, which means "power of hydrogen".

Norms

Blood pH should be within the following limits:

Conditions in which pH values ​​are below 6.8 or above 7.8 are not compatible with life.

A stable amount of hydrogen ions indicates the normal functioning of the body. The pH level is normal if a person's lungs, liver, kidneys work smoothly, which remove harmful elements, maintaining the desired acidity.

Some violations in the body may indicate a violation of the acid-base balance:

• in the work of the gastrointestinal tract;
• in the work of the liver;
• in the functioning of the lungs and kidneys.

This is manifested by the development of chronic diseases and deterioration in appearance.

How to pass the analysis

An analysis of the pH of the blood may be needed for some disorders in the body. During the study, the level of hydrogen content and total acidity is determined. The most reliable result is obtained when donating arterial blood, which is considered cleaner and the number of blood cells contained in it is more constant.

For analysis, blood is taken from the capillaries. The pH level is determined in the laboratory by electrometric method. Measurements are taken with glass pH electrodes. The number of hydrogen ions and the content of carbon dioxide in the blood are counted.

Deciphering the analysis

The interpretation of the received data should be carried out by a medical specialist.

Based on the numerical values, the following conclusions can be drawn:

• If the indicator is 7.4, this indicates a slightly alkaline reaction and that the acidity is normal.
• A condition in which the pH level is above normal is associated with the accumulation of alkaline substances and is called alkalosis.
• If the indicator is below normal, this indicates an increase in acidity, and this condition is called acidosis (acidic blood).

Causes of alkalosis

Alkalosis can develop for the following reasons:

• with cardiovascular diseases;
• with psycho-emotional stress;
• after prolonged vomiting, in which a lot of the acid contained in the gastric juice is lost;
• with obesity;
• if the diet contains a lot of dairy foods and some fruits and vegetables.

When the blood is alkalized, the metabolism is disturbed, the digestion of food worsens, minerals poorly absorbed, into the blood from digestive tract toxins enter. For these reasons, the following pathologies can develop:

Existing chronic diseases begin to constantly worsen and progress.

Acidosis

Acidosis is more common than alkalosis. We can say that the body is more resistant to alkalization than to acidification.

Alcoholism often leads to acidosis. Acidic blood can also be a complication of diabetes.

Increased acidity of the blood does not manifest itself in any way if the deviations from the norm are insignificant. In more severe cases the following symptoms are observed:

• nausea;
• constant heartburn;
• vomit;
• lack of oxygen and breathing problems;
• fast fatiguability;
• symptoms of diabetes.

With an increase in acidity, insufficient oxygen and nutrition enter the tissues and organs. There is a deficit important elements: calcium, magnesium, potassium, sodium, and this leads to pathological conditions:

• general weakness;
• tumor processes;
• diseases of the urinary tract;
• cardiovascular diseases;
• fragility of bones;
• pain in the muscles;
• obesity
• diabetes
• joint pain;
• decrease in immune defense.

How to determine at home

You can check the pH level yourself. To do this, you need to buy a special drug in a pharmacy. electronic device who will make a puncture, will take away right amount blood, analyze the data obtained using a microprocessor and display a digital result. But it is better to apply for analysis to the laboratory of a medical institution, where more accurate results and given a correct interpretation.

What else affects pH

Acidity can change for the following reasons:

• bad ecology;
• malnutrition;
• emotional stress;
• smoking;
• alcohol consumption;
• wrong mode of work and rest.

Conclusion

Blood acidity is an important indicator of health, which should always be within the normal range. Body tissues are very sensitive to slight fluctuations in pH. Deviations of only 0.1 lead to the destruction of cells, the loss of the ability of enzymes to perform their functions. Such changes can lead to the development of irreversible pathologies and even death. With a deviation from the norm by 0.2, coma occurs, by 0.3 - death. Therefore, to maintain health, it is necessary to maintain an acid-base balance in the body.

Why is blood never tested for acidity and alkalinity when taking blood tests? This is the first. Why do not any pharmacy sell litmus test strips? How can we be sick and elderly, and even young?

So that you get sick and they can sell you drugs and make money. This is business.

because healthy pensioner like a bone in the throat of an official.

“Therefore, to maintain health, it is necessary to maintain an acid-base balance in the body.”

Priceless advice. Would also like to know how to do it.

I donated blood for analysis in Finland, it was tested for 26 indicators, the pH of the blood is also indicated, I now have 6.5. This seems to be below the norm, slightly higher than slightly acidic, but 7.43 should be.

Values ​​over 7.8 and below 7.0 are considered incompatible with life.

Everyone should know their blood pH. Acidification of the blood leads to disease and feeling unwell. Strong alkalization - loose skin, dry and brittle hair, nails.

Each liquid has its own level of acid-base balance, including human blood. If there is a disorder in the functioning of the body or a malfunction of a particular system or organ, a blood pH test is done.

• The term blood pH is the level of hydrogen content in the body and total acidity. If the balance of alkalis is maintained, then all systems and organs function normally.
• The acid-base balance is in normal condition if the liver, lungs and kidneys function well and smoothly. These are real "compensators" that remove from the body harmful substances.
• Therefore, each person must control the level of blood PH in order to prevent the development of serious diseases.

The level of alkaline indicator of the blood is the basis for doctors to prescribe treatment if they have large deviations from the norm. Thanks to these indicators, it is possible to control the state of the body, and if malfunctions occur in the functioning of organs or systems, such an analysis should be done.

Normal blood pH healthy person- this is not less than 7.35 and not more than 7.45. All indicators that differ from the norm in a smaller or larger direction are deviations that are not compatible with life and require urgent medical attention.

If the acidity in the body is normal, then the PH indicators will be at the level of 7.4 units. At significant reduction this indicator is diagnosed with "acidosis". The pH level of the blood in acidosis is 7.0 or less.

Acidosis in a mild form does not manifest itself in any way. But, if the indicators decrease to critical limits, which can only be recorded in laboratory conditions, then the person feels the following symptoms:

• lack of oxygen;
• feeling of shock at the primary stage of many diseases - diabetes and others;
• nausea;
• vomiting or urge to it;
• breathing problems.

Acidification of the body occurs for the following main reasons:

• nervous tension;
• obesity;
• against the background of cardiovascular diseases;
• when eating sweet and meat foods in in large numbers.

When a severe form of acidosis is detected, it is necessary to establish the causes of this disease. You should definitely consult a doctor who will prescribe the right treatment, diet and tell you about all the consequences if you do not control the level of blood PH.

Alkalosis, unlike acidosis, manifests itself immediately, as soon as the blood pH values ​​​​become higher than 7.45. When there is a strong alkalization of the body, the skin becomes flabby and dry. Man acquires ugly appearance"dried wood knot"

The level of blood pH in alkalosis normalizes if the causes that caused this deviation are eliminated. The treatment process can begin with breathing exercises. This will help saturate the blood with carbon dioxide and oxygen compounds in the correct proportion. Read more about acidification and alkalization of the body in.

Important: Do not self-medicate! It may be dangerous. Never put yourself and your loved ones even approximate diagnoses.

The pH level of a person's blood fluctuates throughout life. But there are critical indicators when chronic diseases and even cancer can occur. It is bad for the human body when the body is highly acidic, that is, the PH values ​​​​are below 7.45 units, and when there is a sharp alkalization. If the indicator is below 6.0 units, then you should sound the alarm.

The blood pH level in cancer is below 6.0. With such indicators, a person bad color face, pale lips, no blush, hair and nails break. We can say that a person has a sick appearance.

Remember: Only a doctor should make a diagnosis! Do nothing on your own. If you have doubts about your health, go for an examination and take necessary tests. You can only sound the alarm in a timely manner if you feel unwell or have other symptoms that prevent you from living a normal life.

Only a doctor should compare blood pH values ​​for cancer. He will be able to correctly prescribe treatment and take emergency measures, which will be a salvation for health.

Of course, for any health problems, you should go to the clinic - to see a doctor. But it often happens that we do not have time to go to the hospital - do not be discouraged. You can measure blood pH at home with a device or test strips.

A special device is sold at a pharmacy or any medical equipment store. It is inexpensive, but very useful for measuring blood pH at home. If you have not found such a device, use test strips. They are sold in every pharmacy and cost a penny. If you did not find any strips or a tester at the pharmacy, you can order everything you need via the Internet.

How to measure blood PH at home with test strips - tips:

• Prick the finger of your right hand with a scarifier, which is also sold in pharmacies.
• Squeeze some blood into some small container. Well, if you have a laboratory test tube.
• Dip the test strip into this blood, hold for a few seconds, remove it from the tube, and evaluate the result.
• The scale for determining the alkaline reaction in the body is on the package with strips. Compare the color and find out the result.

When measuring PH values ​​with a device, it is faster, easier and more convenient. You do not need to pierce your finger, the device will do everything on its own: puncture, fence and give the result.

Laboratory tests much more accurate than those obtained at home. If you decide to take a blood pH test in a special laboratory, you can contact the clinic at the place of registration or any private clinic. The analysis will be ready on the day of blood sampling. Your doctor may suggest that you get tested for scheduled inspection or preventive procedures if there are deviations in health.

If the PH level becomes too low - less than 7.35 (acidic) or too high - more than 7.45-8 (alkaline), then the cells of our body begin to poison themselves with toxic emissions and die. Slags and toxins appear in large quantities. In this case, many people begin to remove these harmful substances from the body. But you just need to normalize the PH of blood, urine and saliva. What determines the pH of the blood?

This indicator depends on the following factors:

• Nutrition - you need to learn the basics of proper nutrition. In our body, a balance of proteins, fats and carbohydrates must be observed.
• Stress resistance - constant nervous tension leads to acidification of the body. Learn to be calm and not get nervous over trifles.
• Obesity - when the body is acidified, it begins to accumulate fat. If you produce alkalization, then you will immediately begin to lose weight, which means that your well-being, the condition of your skin and hair will improve.

The acid-base balance in the body depends on maintaining the correct proportions between intercellular and intracellular waters in the tissues. If the acid-base balance of liquids is not constantly observed, it will be impossible to save life and the normal functioning of all organs and systems.

Acid-base balance is our indicator of health. The more “sour” a person is, the faster he begins to age and get sick more. For the normal functioning of all organs and systems, the PH level in the body must be alkaline at least 7.35 units. How to reduce acidity and raise blood pH? A few tips:

• Eliminate meat products from your diet. You can fish, but in small quantities.
• It is important to make your diet right. Make the right ratio of proteins, fats and carbohydrates. Eat boiled and steamed dishes, exclude all fried foods. Eat more fresh fruits and vegetables.
• Stop being nervous. Reconsider your attitude to life - eliminate stressful situations.
• Practice separate meals. This will help the body quickly reduce acidity and normalize digestion. Foods consumed separately will be better digested.

You can use special drops, which are sold in a pharmacy, to alkalize the water. Alkaline water will help reduce acidity, the kidneys, stomach and intestines will begin to work well. If your body is highly acidic, switch to a raw food diet.

But remember! Experimenting on your own is dangerous! Before switching to alkaline diet or consume alkaline water, consult your doctor.

It is bad for the body when the alkaline balance of the blood is greatly increased and has high performance. How to increase acidity and lower blood pH? Tips:

• Eat acidic foods - grains, legumes, protein foods (meat, eggs).
• Eat foods rich in dietary fiber.
• Three times a day you can take 1 tablespoon apple cider vinegar with honey.
• Vitamin C lowers the PH level.
• Do breathing exercises with deep breaths.
• If not medical contraindications, you can use dietary supplements - food enzymes and others.
• Correct the vitamin status in the body by taking multivitamin complexes.

Also, to increase acidity, it is necessary to carry out prevention and adequate treatment of the organs of the genitourinary system.

Calcium is alkaline substance. How does calcium affect blood pH? Our body is a smart system. In order to prevent critical indicators of acid-base balance, with strong acidification, it begins to get calcium and magnesium from our bones and teeth.

When the body is acidified, it will be useful to drink a course of calcium. But this substance is well absorbed when taken with magnesium and vitamin D3. The pharmacy sells special vitamin complexes with calcium. Magnesium is abundant in fresh herbs and green vegetables.

If the acidity indicators are normal, it is recommended to take tests regularly and check the PH level. How to maintain a constantly normal blood pH level? Tips:

• Make sure you eat right. Eat at least 5 servings (1 serving - 100 grams) of fresh vegetables and fruits. There are foods that are especially enriched with vitamins, minerals and contribute to the balance of nutrients.
• Lead a healthy lifestyle and exercise. Stop smoking and drinking alcohol - all this strongly and quickly acidifies the body.
• Drink mineral water without gases, freshly squeezed juices, phyto fees.
• Eliminate fatty, high-calorie, smoked foods, coffee, tea from the diet.

Harmful compounds that accumulate during acidification of the body do not leave the body, but are deposited on the walls of blood vessels. To get rid of the effects of acidification, it is necessary to carry out long-term cleaning measures. Therefore, it is better to always keep your blood pH, as well as urine and saliva normal.

Plan your diet and lifestyle in such a way that you are not bothered by problems with the level of alkali in the blood. A good diet will help you stay healthy and youthful for life. So, what foods acidify the blood? Table:

If your blood is highly acidic, change your eating habits. Proper nutrition has been in vogue for several years, but there are still many people in the world who do not know what this term means.

If you have health problems, take a blood test to check the PH level. Acidified blood must be alkalized, otherwise failures in the functioning of organs and systems will lead to the most unpleasant consequences. What foods alkalize the blood? Table:

More detailed information about foods that alkalize and acidify the blood, you will see on our website. It is important to remember that in a neutral biological environment, our body has an amazing ability to heal itself. Therefore, strive to maintain your acid-base balance in the norm, so as not to get sick and stay young for a long time.